1 Kings 22:11
New International Version
Now Zedekiah son of Kenaanah had made iron horns and he declared, “This is what the LORD says: ‘With these you will gore the Arameans until they are destroyed.’”

New Living Translation
One of them, Zedekiah son of Kenaanah, made some iron horns and proclaimed, “This is what the LORD says: With these horns you will gore the Arameans to death!”

English Standard Version
And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made for himself horns of iron and said, “Thus says the LORD, ‘With these you shall push the Syrians until they are destroyed.’”

Berean Standard Bible
Now Zedekiah son of Chenaanah had made for himself iron horns and declared, “This is what the LORD says: ‘With these you shall gore the Arameans until they are finished off.’ ”

King James Bible
And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron: and he said, Thus saith the LORD, With these shalt thou push the Syrians, until thou have consumed them.

New King James Version
Now Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah had made horns of iron for himself; and he said, “Thus says the LORD: ‘With these you shall gore the Syrians until they are destroyed.’ ”

New American Standard Bible
Then Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made horns of iron for himself and said, “This is what the LORD says: ‘With these you will gore the Arameans until they are destroyed!’”

NASB 1995
Then Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made horns of iron for himself and said, “Thus says the LORD, ‘With these you will gore the Arameans until they are consumed.’”

NASB 1977
Then Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made horns of iron for himself and said, “Thus says the LORD, ‘With these you shall gore the Arameans until they are consumed.’”

Legacy Standard Bible
And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made horns of iron for himself and said, “Thus says Yahweh, ‘With these you will gore the Arameans until they are consumed.’”

Amplified Bible
Then Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made for himself horns of iron and said, “Thus says the LORD: ‘With these you will gore the Arameans (Syrians) until they are destroyed.’”

Christian Standard Bible
Then Zedekiah son of Chenaanah made iron horns and said, “This is what the LORD says: ‘You will gore the Arameans with these until they are finished off.’ ”

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Then Zedekiah son of Chenaanah made iron horns and said, “This is what the LORD says: ‘You will gore the Arameans with these until they are finished off.’”

American Standard Version
And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron, and said, Thus saith Jehovah, With these shalt thou push the Syrians, until they be consumed.

Contemporary English Version
Zedekiah son of Chenaanah was one of the prophets. He had made some horns out of iron and shouted, "Ahab, the LORD says you will attack the Syrians like a bull with iron horns and wipe them out!"

English Revised Version
And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron, and said, Thus saith the LORD, With these shalt thou push the Syrians, until they be consumed.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Zedekiah, son of Chenaanah, made iron horns and said, "This is what the LORD says: With these horns you will push the Arameans to their destruction."

Good News Translation
One of them, Zedekiah son of Chenaanah, made iron horns and said to Ahab, "This is what the LORD says: 'With these you will fight the Syrians and totally defeat them.'"

International Standard Version
Chenaanah's son Zedekiah made iron horns for himself and told them, "This is what the LORD says, 'With these horns you are to gore the Arameans until they are eliminated!'"

Majority Standard Bible
Now Zedekiah son of Chenaanah had made for himself iron horns and declared, “This is what the LORD says: ‘With these you shall gore the Arameans until they are finished off.’”

NET Bible
Zedekiah son of Kenaanah made iron horns and said, "This is what the LORD says, 'With these you will gore Syria until they are destroyed.'"

New Heart English Bible
Zedekiah the son of Kenaanah made him horns of iron, and said, "Thus says the LORD, 'With these you shall push the Arameans, until they are consumed.'"

Webster's Bible Translation
And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron: and he said, Thus saith the LORD, With these shalt thou push the Syrians, until thou hast consumed them.

World English Bible
Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made himself horns of iron, and said, “Yahweh says, ‘With these you will push the Syrians, until they are consumed.’”
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And Zedekiah son of Chenaanah makes horns of iron for himself and says, “Thus said YHWH: By these you push the Arameans until they are consumed”;

Young's Literal Translation
And Zedekiah son of Chenaanah maketh for himself horns of iron, and saith, 'Thus said Jehovah, By these thou dost push the Aramaeans till they are consumed;'

Smith's Literal Translation
And Zedekiah, son of Chenaanah, will make to him horns of iron: and he will say, Thus said Jehovah, With these shalt thou push Aram till thou finished them.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And Sedecias the son of Chanaana made himself horns of iron, and said: Thus saith the Lord: With these shalt thou push Syria, till thou destroy it.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Also, Zedekiah, the son of Chenaanah, made for himself horns of iron, and he said, “Thus says the Lord: With these, you shall threaten Syria, until you destroy it.”

New American Bible
Zedekiah, son of Chenaanah, made himself two horns of iron and said, “The LORD says, With these you shall gore Aram until you have destroyed them.”

New Revised Standard Version
Zedekiah son of Chenaanah made for himself horns of iron, and he said, “Thus says the LORD: With these you shall gore the Arameans until they are destroyed.”
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And Zedekiah the son of a Canaanitish woman made for himself horns of iron; and he said, Thus says the LORD: With these you shall pierce the Arameans, until you have destroyed them.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Tsedeqia, son of a Canaanitess, made for himself horns of iron, and said: “Thus says LORD JEHOVAH: with these you shall gore the Edomites until you finish them!”
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron, and said: 'Thus saith the LORD: With these shalt thou gore the Arameans, until they be consumed.'

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And Sedekias son of Chanaan made for himself iron horns, and said, Thus saith the Lord, With these thou shalt push Syria, until it be consumed.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Ahab and the False Prophets
10Dressed in royal attire, the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat king of Judah were sitting on their thrones at the threshing floor by the entrance of the gate of Samaria, with all the prophets prophesying before them. 11Now Zedekiah son of Chenaanah had made for himself iron horns and declared, “This is what the LORD says: ‘With these you shall gore the Arameans until they are finished off.’” 12And all the prophets were prophesying the same, saying, “Go up to Ramoth-gilead and prosper, for the LORD will deliver it into the hand of the king.”…

Cross References
2 Chronicles 18:10
Now Zedekiah son of Chenaanah had made for himself iron horns and declared, “This is what the LORD says: ‘With these you shall gore the Arameans until they are finished off.’”

Jeremiah 28:10-11
Then the prophet Hananiah took the yoke off the neck of Jeremiah the prophet and broke it. / And in the presence of all the people Hananiah proclaimed, “This is what the LORD says: ‘In this way, within two years I will break the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon off the neck of all the nations.’” At this, Jeremiah the prophet went on his way.

Ezekiel 13:6-7
They see false visions and speak lying divinations. They claim, ‘Thus declares the LORD,’ when the LORD did not send them; yet they wait for the fulfillment of their message. / Haven’t you seen a false vision and spoken a lying divination when you proclaim, ‘Thus declares the LORD,’ even though I have not spoken?

Micah 3:5
This is what the LORD says: “As for the prophets who lead My people astray, who proclaim peace while they chew with their teeth, but declare war against one who puts nothing in their mouths:

Jeremiah 23:16-17
This is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Do not listen to the words of the prophets who prophesy to you. They are filling you with false hopes. They speak visions from their own minds, not from the mouth of the LORD. / They keep saying to those who despise Me, ‘The LORD says that you will have peace,’ and to everyone who walks in the stubbornness of his own heart, ‘No harm will come to you.’

Ezekiel 22:28
Her prophets whitewash these deeds by false visions and lying divinations, saying, ‘This is what the Lord GOD says,’ when the LORD has not spoken.

Deuteronomy 18:20-22
But if any prophet dares to speak a message in My name that I have not commanded him to speak, or to speak in the name of other gods, that prophet must be put to death.” / You may ask in your heart, “How can we recognize a message that the LORD has not spoken?” / When a prophet speaks in the name of the LORD and the message does not come to pass or come true, that is a message the LORD has not spoken. The prophet has spoken presumptuously. Do not be afraid of him.

Isaiah 30:10
They say to the seers, “Stop seeing visions!” and to the prophets, “Do not prophesy to us the truth! Speak to us pleasant words; prophesy illusions.

Jeremiah 14:14
“The prophets are prophesying lies in My name,” replied the LORD. “I did not send them or appoint them or speak to them. They are prophesying to you a false vision, a worthless divination, the futility and delusion of their own minds.

Matthew 7:15
Beware of false prophets. They come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravenous wolves.

2 Peter 2:1
Now there were also false prophets among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you. They will secretly introduce destructive heresies, even denying the Master who bought them—bringing swift destruction on themselves.

1 John 4:1
Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God. For many false prophets have gone out into the world.

Matthew 24:24
For false Christs and false prophets will appear and perform great signs and wonders to deceive even the elect, if that were possible.

2 Timothy 4:3-4
For the time will come when men will not tolerate sound doctrine, but with itching ears they will gather around themselves teachers to suit their own desires. / So they will turn their ears away from the truth and turn aside to myths.

Acts 20:29-30
I know that after my departure, savage wolves will come in among you and will not spare the flock. / Even from your own number, men will rise up and distort the truth to draw away disciples after them.


Treasury of Scripture

And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron: and he said, Thus said the LORD, With these shall you push the Syrians, until you have consumed them.

horns of iron

Jeremiah 27:2
Thus saith the LORD to me; Make thee bonds and yokes, and put them upon thy neck,

Jeremiah 28:10-14
Then Hananiah the prophet took the yoke from off the prophet Jeremiah's neck, and brake it…

Zechariah 1:18-21
Then lifted I up mine eyes, and saw, and behold four horns…

Thus saith

Jeremiah 23:17,25,31
They say still unto them that despise me, The LORD hath said, Ye shall have peace; and they say unto every one that walketh after the imagination of his own heart, No evil shall come upon you…

Jeremiah 28:2,3
Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, saying, I have broken the yoke of the king of Babylon…

Jeremiah 29:21
Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, of Ahab the son of Kolaiah, and of Zedekiah the son of Maaseiah, which prophesy a lie unto you in my name; Behold, I will deliver them into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon; and he shall slay them before your eyes;

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1 Kings 22
1. Ahab, seduced by false prophets, by Michaiah's word, is slain at Ramoth Gilead
37. The dogs lick up his blood, and Ahaziah succeeds him
41. Jehoshaphat's good reign
45. His acts
46. Jehoram succeeds him
51. Ahaziah's evil reign














Zedekiah son of Chenaanah
Zedekiah, whose name means "Yahweh is righteousness," is identified as the son of Chenaanah. In the context of ancient Israel, names often carried significant meaning, reflecting the character or destiny of the individual. Zedekiah, a false prophet, stands in contrast to the true prophets of God, highlighting the tension between true and false prophecy. His lineage, "son of Chenaanah," situates him within a specific family, possibly indicating a prophetic or priestly heritage, though in this case, it is misused for personal gain and deception.

had made for himself iron horns
The act of making "iron horns" is symbolic and significant. In ancient Near Eastern culture, horns were often symbols of strength and power. Iron, being a strong metal, emphasizes the supposed strength and invincibility of the prophecy. Zedekiah's crafting of these horns is a dramatic, visual act meant to persuade and manipulate. This reflects the human tendency to rely on tangible symbols rather than the unseen power of God, a recurring theme in the Old Testament.

and declared
The act of declaring in a prophetic context is significant. Prophets were seen as mouthpieces of the divine, and their declarations were expected to carry the weight of divine authority. However, Zedekiah's declaration is not from God, despite his claim. This highlights the importance of discernment and the need to test the spirits, as emphasized in 1 John 4:1, to ensure that what is declared truly aligns with God's will.

This is what the LORD says
This phrase is a common prophetic formula used to assert divine authority. However, in this context, it is misused by Zedekiah to lend credibility to his false prophecy. The misuse of God's name for personal or political gain is a serious offense, violating the commandment against taking the Lord's name in vain (Exodus 20:7). It serves as a warning against the manipulation of spiritual authority for deceitful purposes.

With these you will gore the Arameans
The imagery of goring with horns is vivid and aggressive, suggesting a decisive and violent victory. The Arameans were a significant military threat to Israel, and the promise of their destruction would have been appealing. However, this false assurance contrasts with the true prophetic word given by Micaiah, which foretold disaster. This serves as a reminder of the danger of listening to comforting lies rather than difficult truths.

until they are destroyed
The promise of total destruction is absolute and final. In the context of ancient warfare, such a promise would have been seen as a guarantee of complete victory and security. However, the false nature of this prophecy underscores the futility of relying on human assurances rather than seeking God's true guidance. It highlights the ultimate sovereignty of God over nations and the futility of human plans that are not aligned with His will.

(11) Zedekiah.--The name itself ("righteousness of Jehovah") must certainly imply professed devotion to the true God, whose Name here is first uttered by him. Symbolic action was not unfrequent in the prophets. (See Note on 1Kings 11:30.) The use of the horns, as emblems of victorious strength, is also familiar, as in the utterance of Balaam (Numbers 23:22), in the blessing of Moses (Deuteronomy 33:17), in the song of Hannah (1Samuel 3:1), in the visions of Daniel and Zechariah (Daniel 8:3-10; Zechariah 1:18-19). . . . Verse 11. - And Zedekiah [This name = "Justice of Jehovah," is one of the proofs that these cannot have been prophets of Baal, as Stanley and others suppose] the son of Chenaanah [ = "Canaanitess." But we gather from 1 Chronicles 7:10 that this, like Shelomith, was a man's name. The Benjamite there mentioned may be identical with the father (or ancestor) of Zedekiah] made him [Rawlinson would translate, had made him," He says that the horns must have "been made previously, in expectation of some such occasion as that now afforded him." But it is quite conceivable that during the prophesyings, which clearly lasted some time, the idea occurred to Zedekiah, and it would not take long to put it into execution] horns of Iron [Thenius understands that these were iron spikes held on the forehead. But the reference is clearly to the horns of a bullock, and the appropriateness of the prophetic act is only manifest when we remember that Ephraim is compared to a bullock (Deuteronomy 33:17), and more, that Moses spake beforehand of the strength of his horns, and predicted that with them he should "push the people together to the ends of the earth." Not only, that is to say, was the horn a familiar Oriental symbol of power (1 Samuel 2:1, 10; 2 Samuel 22:3; Psalm 89:24; Psalm 92:10; Daniel 7:21; Daniel 8:8, etc.), but it was identified in a peculiar manner with the powerful tribe of Ephraim; in ether words, with the kingdom of Israel This symbolical act was not necessarily an imitation of the action of Ahijah (1 Kings 11:30). Such acted parables were not uncommon among the prophets (2 Kings 13:15; Isaiah 20:2; Jeremiah 13:1; Jeremiah 19:10; Jeremiah 32:9 sqq.; Ezekiel 4:5; Acts 21:11)]: and he said, Thus saith the Lord [Heb. Jehovah. He now uses the sacred name; no doubt because of Jehoshaphat's demand, ver. 7], With these shalt thou push [the word of Deuteronomy 33:17] the Syrians, until thou have consumed then.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Now Zedekiah
צִדְקִיָּ֥ה (ṣiḏ·qî·yāh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 6667: Zedekiah -- 'Yah is righteousness', six Israelites

son
בֶֽן־ (ḇen-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1121: A son

of Chenaanah
כְּנַעֲנָ֖ה (kə·na·‘ă·nāh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3668: Chenaanah -- two Israelites

had made
וַיַּ֥עַשׂ (way·ya·‘aś)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6213: To do, make

for himself
ל֛וֹ (lōw)
Preposition | third person masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew

iron
בַרְזֶ֑ל (ḇar·zel)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1270: Iron, an iron implement

horns
קַרְנֵ֣י (qar·nê)
Noun - fdc
Strong's 7161: A horn, a flask, cornet, an elephant's tooth, a corner, a peak, a ray, power

and declared,
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ (way·yō·mer)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 559: To utter, say

“This is what
כֹּֽה־ (kōh-)
Adverb
Strong's 3541: Like this, thus, here, now

the LORD
יְהוָ֔ה (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

says:
אָמַ֣ר (’ā·mar)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 559: To utter, say

‘With these
בְּאֵ֛לֶּה (bə·’êl·leh)
Preposition-b | Pronoun - common plural
Strong's 428: These, those

you shall gore
תְּנַגַּ֥ח (tə·nag·gaḥ)
Verb - Piel - Imperfect - second person masculine singular
Strong's 5055: To butt with the horns, to war against

the Arameans
אֲרָ֖ם (’ă·rām)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 758: Aram -- Syria

until
עַד־ (‘aḏ-)
Preposition
Strong's 5704: As far as, even to, up to, until, while

they are finished off.’”
כַּלֹּתָֽם׃ (kal·lō·ṯām)
Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 3615: To be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, or spent


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OT History: 1 Kings 22:11 Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him (1Ki iKi i Ki 1 Kg 1kg)
1 Kings 22:10
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