Verse (Click for Chapter) New International Version He has sacrificed great numbers of cattle, fattened calves, and sheep, and has invited all the king’s sons, Abiathar the priest and Joab the commander of the army, but he has not invited Solomon your servant. New Living Translation He has sacrificed many cattle, fattened calves, and sheep, and he has invited all the king’s sons to attend the celebration. He also invited Abiathar the priest and Joab, the commander of the army. But he did not invite your servant Solomon. English Standard Version He has sacrificed oxen, fattened cattle, and sheep in abundance, and has invited all the sons of the king, Abiathar the priest, and Joab the commander of the army, but Solomon your servant he has not invited. Berean Standard Bible And he has sacrificed an abundance of oxen, fattened calves, and sheep, and has invited all the other sons of the king, as well as Abiathar the priest and Joab the commander of the army. But he has not invited your servant Solomon. Berean Literal Bible And He has sacrificed oxen and fattened cattle and sheep in abundance, and he has called all the sons of the king, and Abiathar the priest, and Joab the commander of the army. And Solomon your servant he has not invited. King James Bible And he hath slain oxen and fat cattle and sheep in abundance, and hath called all the sons of the king, and Abiathar the priest, and Joab the captain of the host: but Solomon thy servant hath he not called. New King James Version He has sacrificed oxen and fattened cattle and sheep in abundance, and has invited all the sons of the king, Abiathar the priest, and Joab the commander of the army; but Solomon your servant he has not invited. New American Standard Bible He has sacrificed oxen and fattened steers and sheep in abundance, and has invited all the sons of the king, Abiathar the priest, and Joab the commander of the army, but he has not invited Solomon your servant. NASB 1995 “He has sacrificed oxen and fatlings and sheep in abundance, and has invited all the sons of the king and Abiathar the priest and Joab the commander of the army, but he has not invited Solomon your servant. NASB 1977 “And he has sacrificed oxen and fatlings and sheep in abundance, and has invited all the sons of the king and Abiathar the priest and Joab the commander of the army; but he has not invited Solomon your servant. Legacy Standard Bible And he has sacrificed oxen and fatlings and sheep in abundance, and has invited all the sons of the king and Abiathar the priest and Joab the commander of the army, but he has not invited Solomon your servant. Amplified Bible He has sacrificed oxen and fattened steers and sheep in abundance, and has invited all the king’s sons and Abiathar the priest and Joab the commander of the army [to a feast], but he did not invite your servant Solomon. Berean Annotated Bible And he has sacrificed an abundance of oxen, fattened calves, and sheep, and has invited all the other sons of the king, as well as Abiathar (my father is great) the priest and Joab (YHWH is father) the commander of the army. But he has not invited your servant Solomon (peace). Christian Standard Bible He has lavishly sacrificed oxen, fattened cattle, and sheep. He invited all the king’s sons, the priest Abiathar, and Joab the commander of the army, but he did not invite your servant Solomon. Holman Christian Standard Bible He has lavishly sacrificed oxen, fattened cattle, and sheep. He invited all the king’s sons, Abiathar the priest, and Joab the commander of the army, but he did not invite your servant Solomon. American Standard Version and he hath slain oxen and fatlings and sheep in abundance, and hath called all the sons of the king, and Abiathar the priest, and Joab the captain of the host; but Solomon thy servant hath he not called. Contemporary English Version He sacrificed a lot of cattle, calves, and sheep. And he invited Abiathar the priest, Joab your army commander, and all your sons to be there, except Solomon, your loyal servant. English Revised Version and he hath slain oxen and fatlings and sheep in abundance, and hath called all the sons of the king, and Abiathar the priest, and Joab the captain of the host: but Solomon thy servant hath he not called. GOD'S WORD® Translation He has sacrificed many fattened calves, bulls, and sheep. He has invited all the king's sons, Abiathar the priest, and Joab the commander of the army [to his feast]. But he hasn't invited your servant Solomon. Good News Translation He has offered a sacrifice of many bulls, sheep, and fattened calves, and he invited your sons, and Abiathar the priest, and Joab the commander of your army to the feast, but he did not invite your son Solomon. International Standard Version Adonijah has sacrificed myriads of oxen, fattened cattle, and sheep, and he has invited all of the king's sons, Abiathar the priest, and Joab the commander of the army, but he has not invited your servant Solomon. NET Bible He has sacrificed many cattle, steers, and sheep and has invited all the king's sons, Abiathar the priest, and Joab, the commander of the army, but he has not invited your servant Solomon. New Heart English Bible And he has sacrificed many oxen and fatlings and sheep, and has invited all the sons of the king, and Abiathar the priest, and Joab the commander of the army; but he hasn't invited Solomon your servant. Webster's Bible Translation And he hath slain oxen, and fat cattle, and sheep in abundance, and hath called all the sons of the king, and Abiathar the priest, and Joab the captain of the host: but Solomon thy servant hath he not called. Majority Text Translations Majority Standard BibleAnd he has sacrificed an abundance of oxen, fattened calves, and sheep, and has invited all the other sons of the king, as well as Abiathar the priest and Joab the commander of the army. But he has not invited your servant Solomon. World English Bible He has slain cattle and fatlings and sheep in abundance, and has called all the sons of the king, Abiathar the priest, and Joab the captain of the army; but he hasn’t called Solomon your servant. Literal Translations Literal Standard Versionand he sacrifices ox, and fatling, and sheep in abundance, and calls for all the sons of the king, and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab head of the host—and he has not called for your servant Solomon. Berean Literal Bible And He has sacrificed oxen and fattened cattle and sheep in abundance, and he has called all the sons of the king, and Abiathar the priest, and Joab the commander of the army. And Solomon your servant he has not invited. Young's Literal Translation and he sacrificeth ox, and fatling, and sheep in abundance, and calleth for all the sons of the king, and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab head of the host -- and for Solomon thy servant he hath not called. Smith's Literal Translation And he will sacrifice oxen and the fatling, and sheep for multitude, and he will call to all the sons of the king, and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab, chief of the army: and Solomon thy servant he called not. Catholic Translations Douay-Rheims BibleHe hath killed oxen, and all fat cattle, and many rams, and invited all the king's sons, and Abiathar the priest, and Joab the general of the army: but Solomon thy servant he invited not. Catholic Public Domain Version He has slain oxen, and every kind of fattened cattle, and many rams. And he has summoned all the sons of the king, as well as Abiathar, the priest, and Joab, the leader of the military. But Solomon, your servant, he did not summon. New American Bible He has sacrificed bulls, fatlings, and sheep in great numbers; he has invited all the king’s sons, Abiathar the priest, and Joab, the commander of the army, but not your servant Solomon. New Revised Standard Version He has sacrificed oxen, fatted cattle, and sheep in abundance, and has invited all the children of the king, the priest Abiathar, and Joab the commander of the army; but your servant Solomon he has not invited. Translations from Aramaic Lamsa BibleAnd he has sacrificed oxen and fat cattle and sheep in abundance, and has invited all the sons of the king and Abiathar the priest and Joab the general of the army; but Nathan the prophet; Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada; and Solomon your servant he has not invited. Peshitta Holy Bible Translated And he has offered bulls and fatlings and a multitude of sheep, and he invited all the sons of the King and Abiathar the Priest, and Yuab, General of the army, and Nathan the Prophet, and Benaia, son of Yawida, and Solomon your Servant he did not invite. OT Translations JPS Tanakh 1917And he hath slain oxen and fatlings and sheep in abundance, and hath called all the sons of the king, and Abiathar, the priest, and Joab the captain of the host; but Solomon thy servant hath he not called. Brenton Septuagint Translation And he has sacrificed calves and lambs and sheep in abundance, and has called all the king's sons, and Abiathar the priest and Joab the commander-in-chief of the host; but Solomon thy servant he has not called. Additional Translations ... Audio Bible Context Nathan and Bathsheba Before David…18But now, behold, Adonijah has become king, and you, my lord the king, did not know it. 19And he has sacrificed an abundance of oxen, fattened calves, and sheep, and has invited all the other sons of the king, as well as Abiathar the priest and Joab the commander of the army. But he did not invite your servant Solomon. 20And as for you, my lord the king, the eyes of all Israel are upon you to tell them who will sit on the throne of my lord the king after him.… Cross References And he has sacrificed an abundance of oxen, fattened calves, and sheep, 1 Kings 8:63 And Solomon offered as peace offerings to the LORD 22,000 oxen and 120,000 sheep. So the king and all the Israelites dedicated the house of the LORD. 2 Chronicles 7:5 And King Solomon offered a sacrifice of 22,000 oxen and 120,000 sheep. So the king and all the people dedicated the house of God. Luke 15:23 Bring the fattened calf and kill it. Let us feast and celebrate. and has invited all the other sons of the king, 2 Samuel 13:23-27 Two years later, when Absalom’s sheepshearers were at Baal-hazor near Ephraim, he invited all the sons of the king. / And he went to the king and said, “Your servant has just hired shearers. Will the king and his servants please come with me?” / “No, my son,” the king replied, “we should not all go, or we would be a burden to you.” Although Absalom urged him, he was not willing to go, but gave him his blessing. … Matthew 22:2-3 “The kingdom of heaven is like a king who prepared a wedding banquet for his son. / He sent his servants to call those he had invited to the banquet, but they refused to come. as well as Abiathar the priest and Joab the commander of the army. 1 Kings 2:26-27 Then the king said to Abiathar the priest, “Go back to your fields in Anathoth. Even though you deserve to die, I will not put you to death at this time, since you carried the ark of the Lord GOD before my father David, and you suffered through all that my father suffered.” / So Solomon banished Abiathar from the priesthood of the LORD and thus fulfilled the word that the LORD had spoken at Shiloh against the house of Eli. 2 Samuel 8:16 Joab son of Zeruiah was over the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder; But he has not invited your servant Solomon. 1 Chronicles 28:5-6 And of all my sons—for the LORD has given me many sons—He has chosen Solomon my son to sit on the throne of the kingdom of the LORD over Israel. / And He said to me, ‘Solomon your son is the one who will build My house and My courts, for I have chosen him as My son, and I will be his Father. 1 Chronicles 22:9-10 But a son will be born to you who will be a man of rest. I will give him rest from all his enemies on every side; for his name will be Solomon, and I will grant to Israel peace and quiet during his reign. / He is the one who will build a house for My Name. He will be My son, and I will be his Father. And I will establish the throne of his kingdom over Israel forever.’ 1 Kings 2:15 “You know that the kingship was mine,” he said. “All Israel expected that I should reign, but the kingship has turned to my brother, for it has come to him from the LORD. 1 Samuel 9:24 So the cook picked up the leg and what was attached to it and set it before Saul. Then Samuel said, “Here is what was kept back. It was set apart for you. Eat, for it has been kept for you for this occasion, from the time I said, ‘I have invited the people.’” So Saul dined with Samuel that day. 2 Samuel 12:17 The elders of his household stood beside him to help him up from the ground, but he was unwilling and would not eat anything with them. 1 Kings 3:4 Now the king went to Gibeon to sacrifice there, for it was the great high place. Solomon offered a thousand burnt offerings on the altar there. 1 Kings 8:5 There, before the ark, King Solomon and the whole congregation of Israel who had assembled with him sacrificed so many sheep and oxen that they could not be counted or numbered. 1 Kings 18:19 Now summon all Israel to meet me on Mount Carmel, along with the four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal and the four hundred prophets of Asherah who eat at Jezebel’s table.” 2 Kings 3:4 Now Mesha king of Moab was a sheep breeder, and he would render to the king of Israel a hundred thousand lambs and the wool of a hundred thousand rams. Treasury of Scripture And he has slain oxen and fat cattle and sheep in abundance, and has called all the sons of the king, and Abiathar the priest, and Joab the captain of the host: but Solomon your servant has he not called. 1 Kings 1:7-10,25 And he conferred with Joab the son of Zeruiah, and with Abiathar the priest: and they following Adonijah helped him… Jump to Previous Abiathar Abi'athar Abundance Army Calves Captain Cattle Commander Fat Fatlings Fattened Great Hasn't Invited Joab Jo'ab Oxen Priest Sacrificed Servant Sheep Slain SolomonJump to Next Abiathar Abi'athar Abundance Army Calves Captain Cattle Commander Fat Fatlings Fattened Great Hasn't Invited Joab Jo'ab Oxen Priest Sacrificed Servant Sheep Slain Solomon1 Kings 1 1. Abishag cherishes David in his extreme age5. Adonijah, David's darling, usurps the kingdom 11. By the council of Nathan 15. Bathsheba moves the king 22. And Nathan seconds her 28. David renews his oath to Bathsheba 32. Solomon, by David's appointment, 38. being anointed king by Zadok and Nathan, the people triumph 41. Jonathan bringing the news, Adonijah's guests fly 50. Adonijah, flying to the horns of the altar, is dismissed by Solomon And he has sacrificed an abundance of oxen, fattened calves, and sheep This phrase indicates a significant and lavish offering, which was a common practice in ancient Israel to celebrate important events or to seek divine favor. Sacrifices of oxen, calves, and sheep were typical in royal and religious ceremonies, symbolizing wealth and the ability to provide abundantly. The act of sacrificing animals was deeply rooted in the cultural and religious practices of the time, often associated with covenant-making and thanksgiving. The abundance of the sacrifice suggests an attempt to gain support and legitimacy, possibly reflecting the political maneuvering of Adonijah as he sought to establish his claim to the throne. and has invited all the other sons of the king as well as Abiathar the priest and Joab the commander of the army But he has not invited your servant Solomon Persons / Places / Events 1. AdonijahThe son of King David who attempts to declare himself king without his father's blessing. 2. King David The reigning king of Israel, who is unaware of Adonijah's actions at this point. 3. Solomon The son of David and Bathsheba, whom God has chosen to succeed David as king. 4. Abiathar the Priest A priest who supports Adonijah's claim to the throne. 5. Joab The commander of David's army, who also supports Adonijah. 6. The Sacrifice Adonijah's act of sacrificing cattle, calves, and sheep as part of his self-coronation ceremony. Teaching Points God's Sovereignty Over Human PlansDespite Adonijah's efforts, God's plan for Solomon to be king prevails. This teaches us to trust in God's sovereignty over our lives. The Importance of Seeking God's Will Adonijah acted without seeking God's will, leading to his downfall. We should always seek God's guidance in our decisions. The Role of Spiritual Discernment Nathan the prophet and Bathsheba discern the situation and act wisely to ensure God's will is done. We should cultivate spiritual discernment to navigate life's challenges. The Consequences of Ambition Adonijah's ambition leads to division and conflict. Ambition should be tempered with humility and submission to God's will. The Significance of Divine Choice Solomon's eventual kingship underscores the importance of divine choice over human preference. We should value God's choices in our lives. Bible Study Questions and Answers 1. What is the meaning of 1 Kings 1:19?2. How does 1 Kings 1:19 illustrate the importance of rightful leadership in Israel? 3. What role does sacrifice play in the events of 1 Kings 1:19? 4. How can we discern God's chosen leaders in our communities today? 5. Compare 1 Kings 1:19 with other biblical instances of leadership challenges. 6. How should believers respond when witnessing attempts to usurp rightful authority? 7. Why did Adonijah sacrifice sheep, cattle, and fattened calves in 1 Kings 1:19? 8. What significance do sacrifices hold in the context of 1 Kings 1:19? 9. How does 1 Kings 1:19 reflect the political climate of ancient Israel? 10. What are the top 10 Lessons from 1 Kings 1? 11. How does 1 Kings 19 fit with other biblical accounts of Elijah and the broader historical context, considering potential timeline or narrative discrepancies? (1 Kings 19) 12. In 1 Kings 2:1-9, why does David instruct Solomon to exact vengeance on Joab and Shimei, contradicting previous oaths and seeming to endorse personal revenge? 13. If historically attributed to King Solomon, how does Song of Solomon 4 mesh with the accounts of his many wives and concubines in other biblical texts (e.g., 1 Kings 11:3)? 14. Does 1 Chronicles 28:5, where David says God chose Solomon as king, align with or contradict other biblical passages about political intrigue in David's succession? What Does 1 Kings 1:19 Mean And he has sacrificed an abundance of oxen, fattened calves, and sheep• In Scripture lavish sacrifice often signals either wholehearted worship (1 Chronicles 29:21) or a calculated display (1 Samuel 13:9–12). Here, Adonijah’s “abundance” is a political showpiece meant to legitimize his grasp at the throne (1 Kings 1:5–7). • Such extravagance mimics how kings celebrated coronations (1 Samuel 11:15), yet it lacks God’s endorsement. A form of godliness without obedience recalls Saul’s empty offerings (1 Samuel 15:22). • This verse reminds us that outward religion, even when impressive, can mask self-promotion (Proverbs 16:2; Matthew 6:2). and has invited all the other sons of the king • By gathering David’s remaining sons, Adonijah seeks to neutralize rival claims and present a united family front (cf. 2 Samuel 13:29—Amnon’s feast). • Absent is any mention of seeking David’s counsel; instead, Adonijah builds consensus through flattery and feasting (Proverbs 19:6). • The move contrasts with God’s own pattern of selecting leaders irrespective of birth order (1 Samuel 16:7, 11–13). as well as Abiathar the priest and Joab the commander of the army • Abiathar had long served David faithfully (1 Samuel 23:6), and Joab commanded Israel’s forces (2 Samuel 8:16). Their presence lends institutional weight to Adonijah’s cause. • Yet both men carry blemished records—Joab with bloodguilt (2 Samuel 3:27; 20:10) and Abiathar later stripped of office for siding with Adonijah (1 Kings 2:26–27). • Their alliance shows how personal ambition can eclipse discernment; they back the wrong candidate despite decades of witnessing God’s faithfulness to David and his promised line (2 Samuel 7:12–16). But he has not invited your servant Solomon • The deliberate snub exposes Adonijah’s awareness that Solomon is God’s choice (1 Chronicles 22:9–10) and David’s public pledge (1 Kings 1:13). • Excluding Solomon undercuts any appearance of open legitimacy; Adonijah orchestrates a coronation in secrecy, echoing Absalom’s earlier conspiracy (2 Samuel 15:10–14). • The verse highlights providence: human scheming cannot overturn divine decree (Psalm 33:10–11). Even before Bathsheba and Nathan intervene, God’s promise to seat Solomon remains secure (1 Kings 1:29–30). summary 1 Kings 1:19 showcases Adonijah’s grand but godless bid for power. Lavish sacrifices impress people, a broad guest list rallies support, and revered leaders lend credibility—yet the strategic omission of Solomon reveals a heart set against God’s stated will. The verse warns that no amount of spectacle, endorsement, or human planning can succeed when it contradicts the Lord’s promise. Verse 19. - And he hath slain oxen and fat cattle and sheep in abundance, and hath called all the sons of the king, and Abiathar the priest, and Joab the captain of the host; but Solomon thy servant hath he not called. [Said, not to "show that Solomon had reason to fear the worst if Adonijah should succeed" (Keil), but to prove that there was a plot. It showed the cloven foot.]Parallel Commentaries ... Hebrew And he has sacrificedוַ֠יִּזְבַּח (way·yiz·baḥ) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 2076: To slaughter for sacrifice an abundance לָרֹב֒ (lā·rōḇ) Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular Strong's 7230: Multitude, abundance, greatness of oxen, שׁ֥וֹר (šō·wr) Noun - masculine singular Strong's 7794: A head of cattle (bullock, ox, etcetera) fattened calves, וּֽמְרִיא־ (ū·mə·rî-) Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular Strong's 4806: A fatling, fatlings and sheep, וְצֹאן֮ (wə·ṣōn) Conjunctive waw | Noun - common singular Strong's 6629: Small cattle, sheep and goats, flock and has invited וַיִּקְרָא֙ (way·yiq·rā) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 7121: To call, proclaim, read all the other לְכָל־ (lə·ḵāl) Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every sons בְּנֵ֣י (bə·nê) Noun - masculine plural construct Strong's 1121: A son of the king, הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ (ham·me·leḵ) Article | Noun - masculine singular Strong's 4428: A king as well as Abiathar וּלְאֶבְיָתָר֙ (ū·lə·’eḇ·yā·ṯār) Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 54: Abiathar -- 'the great one is father', an Israelite priest the priest הַכֹּהֵ֔ן (hak·kō·hên) Article | Noun - masculine singular Strong's 3548: Priest and Joab וּלְיֹאָ֖ב (ū·lə·yō·’āḇ) Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 3097: Joab -- 'the LORD is father', three Israelites the commander שַׂ֣ר (śar) Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 8269: Chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince of the army. הַצָּבָ֑א (haṣ·ṣā·ḇā) Article | Noun - common singular Strong's 6635: A mass of persons, reg, organized for, war, a campaign But he did not לֹ֥א (lō) Adverb - Negative particle Strong's 3808: Not, no invite קָרָֽא׃ (qā·rā) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 7121: To call, proclaim, read your servant עַבְדְּךָ֖ (‘aḇ·də·ḵā) Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular Strong's 5650: Slave, servant Solomon. וְלִשְׁלֹמֹ֥ה (wə·liš·lō·mōh) Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 8010: Solomon -- David's son and successor to his throne Links 1 Kings 1:19 NIV1 Kings 1:19 NLT 1 Kings 1:19 ESV 1 Kings 1:19 NASB 1 Kings 1:19 KJV 1 Kings 1:19 BibleApps.com 1 Kings 1:19 Biblia Paralela 1 Kings 1:19 Chinese Bible 1 Kings 1:19 French Bible 1 Kings 1:19 Catholic Bible OT History: 1 Kings 1:19 And he has slain cattle and fatlings (1Ki iKi i Ki 1 Kg 1kg) |
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