So then
This phrase serves as a conclusion or a transition from the previous thoughts. In the context of 1 Corinthians, Paul has been addressing divisions within the church and the tendency of the Corinthians to elevate certain leaders over others. "So then" indicates a shift to a practical application of his teachings. It is a call to action, urging the Corinthians to adopt a new perspective based on the truths he has just expounded.

men ought to regard us
The Greek word for "regard" is "logizomai," which means to consider, reckon, or account. It implies a thoughtful and deliberate assessment. Paul is instructing the Corinthians on how they should perceive him and other apostles. This is not about personal glory but about understanding their true role and function within the body of Christ. The use of "men" here is inclusive, referring to all people, emphasizing that this perspective should be universally held among believers.

as servants of Christ
The term "servants" is translated from the Greek word "hyperetas," which originally referred to an under-rower, a subordinate who rowed in the lower deck of a ship. This imagery highlights humility and submission. Paul is emphasizing that apostles are not to be exalted as leaders in a worldly sense but are to be seen as humble servants of Christ, executing His will and purpose. This aligns with the teachings of Jesus, who exemplified servanthood and called His followers to do the same.

and stewards
The word "stewards" comes from the Greek "oikonomos," meaning a manager or overseer of a household. A steward is entrusted with the responsibility of managing the affairs and resources of another. In this context, Paul and the apostles are stewards of the spiritual truths and teachings of God. This role requires faithfulness, wisdom, and accountability, as they are handling the divine mysteries entrusted to them by God.

of the mysteries of God
The term "mysteries" (Greek: "mysterion") refers to divine truths that were once hidden but are now revealed through the gospel. These are not mysteries in the sense of being unsolvable puzzles but are profound truths about God's plan of salvation, the nature of the church, and the kingdom of God, which were previously unknown but have been made known through Christ. As stewards, the apostles are responsible for faithfully teaching and preserving these truths, ensuring that the church understands and lives by them.

Now it is required
The phrase "Now it is required" sets a tone of necessity and obligation. In the original Greek, the word used is "ζητεῖται" (zēteitai), which implies a search or demand for something essential. This requirement is not a mere suggestion but a divine mandate. In the context of the early church, this reflects the seriousness with which Paul viewed the role of those entrusted with the mysteries of God. The historical backdrop of Corinth, a bustling and diverse city, underscores the need for clear and unwavering standards among believers.

of stewards
The term "stewards" comes from the Greek "οἰκονόμους" (oikonomous), meaning a manager or overseer of a household. In ancient times, a steward was entrusted with the management of a household or estate, responsible for the master's possessions and affairs. This metaphor highlights the responsibility of church leaders and believers to manage God's spiritual gifts and truths. The steward's role is not one of ownership but of faithful administration, reflecting the trust placed in them by God.

that they be found
The phrase "that they be found" suggests a process of examination or judgment. The Greek word "εὑρεθῇ" (heurethē) implies discovery or being revealed. This indicates that the faithfulness of stewards is not self-proclaimed but must be evident and verifiable. In a spiritual sense, this aligns with the biblical theme of God examining the hearts and actions of His people, as seen throughout Scripture. The historical context of the early church, with its challenges and persecutions, required that such faithfulness be both genuine and observable.

faithful
The word "faithful" is translated from the Greek "πιστός" (pistos), meaning trustworthy or reliable. This is the crux of the verse, emphasizing the essential quality required of stewards. Faithfulness in this context is not merely about belief but encompasses loyalty, consistency, and integrity in carrying out one's duties. Scripturally, faithfulness is a fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22) and a hallmark of a true servant of Christ. In the conservative Christian perspective, this faithfulness is rooted in a deep commitment to God's Word and His purposes, reflecting a life transformed by the Gospel. The historical example of Paul himself, who endured much for the sake of the Gospel, serves as a powerful model of such faithfulness.

I care very little
The phrase "I care very little" reflects the Apostle Paul's attitude towards human judgment. The Greek word used here is "elachistos," which means "least" or "smallest." Paul is emphasizing the insignificance he places on human opinions compared to divine judgment. This reflects a deep trust in God's ultimate authority and a call for believers to prioritize God's perspective over human approval.

if I am judged
The Greek word for "judged" is "anakrino," which means to examine or scrutinize. Paul is addressing the Corinthians' tendency to evaluate and critique his ministry. This word choice underscores the idea that human judgment is often superficial and limited, lacking the divine insight that only God possesses. Paul encourages believers to seek God's discernment rather than relying on fallible human assessments.

by you
Here, "by you" refers to the Corinthian church. Paul is directly addressing the community he founded, which had become divided and critical of his apostleship. This highlights the relational dynamics within the early church and serves as a reminder of the importance of unity and humility among believers. Paul's message is timeless, urging Christians to focus on God's mission rather than internal disputes.

or by any human court
The phrase "or by any human court" expands the scope of judgment beyond the Corinthian church to include all human institutions. The Greek term "anthropines hemeras" can be translated as "human day," implying temporal and earthly judgment. Paul contrasts this with God's eternal judgment, reminding believers that human institutions are transient and flawed, whereas God's justice is perfect and everlasting.

in fact
The phrase "in fact" serves as a transition, emphasizing Paul's personal conviction. It introduces a deeper level of introspection, as Paul shifts from external judgments to his own self-assessment. This transition invites readers to consider their own perspectives and the importance of aligning them with God's truth.

I do not even judge myself
Paul's statement "I do not even judge myself" is profound, reflecting his understanding of human limitations in self-assessment. The Greek word "krino" means to judge or decide, and Paul acknowledges that even self-judgment can be flawed. This humility is rooted in his faith in God's omniscience and grace. Paul encourages believers to trust in God's evaluation, which is based on truth and love, rather than relying solely on their own understanding.

My conscience is clear
The phrase "My conscience is clear" reflects the Apostle Paul's introspective examination of his own heart and actions. The Greek word for conscience, "syneidēsis," implies a moral awareness or self-knowledge. In the historical context of Corinth, a city known for its moral laxity, Paul’s assertion of a clear conscience is significant. It suggests a life lived in alignment with God's standards, despite external judgments. For believers, this serves as a reminder that inner peace comes from living according to God's will, not merely human approval.

but that does not vindicate me
Here, Paul acknowledges that a clear conscience alone is not sufficient for justification. The Greek word "dikaioō," translated as "vindicate," means to be declared righteous. Paul is emphasizing that personal feelings of innocence do not equate to divine approval. This reflects a broader biblical principle that human judgment is fallible and that true righteousness is determined by God. Historically, this would resonate with early Christians who faced persecution and misunderstanding, reminding them that ultimate vindication comes from God, not man.

It is the Lord who judges me
This phrase underscores the sovereignty and authority of God as the ultimate judge. The Greek word "kyrios," translated as "Lord," denotes supreme authority and ownership. In the context of Corinth, where various leaders and factions vied for influence, Paul’s statement redirects focus to God’s ultimate authority. This serves as a powerful reminder for believers to live with an eternal perspective, understanding that human judgments are temporary, but God’s judgment is eternal. It encourages Christians to seek God's approval above all, trusting in His perfect justice and mercy.

Therefore judge nothing
The word "judge" in Greek is "κρίνω" (krinō), which means to separate, distinguish, or decide. In the context of 1 Corinthians, Paul is addressing the tendency of the Corinthian church to make premature judgments about spiritual leaders and fellow believers. The conservative Christian perspective emphasizes humility and patience, recognizing that human judgment is limited and often flawed. This phrase calls believers to refrain from making final assessments about others, acknowledging that only God has the full understanding and authority to judge.

before the appointed time
The phrase "appointed time" refers to God's divine timeline, which is beyond human comprehension. The Greek word "καιρός" (kairos) signifies a specific, opportune moment determined by God. Historically, this reflects the early Christian anticipation of Christ's return, a central tenet of faith that encourages believers to live with an eternal perspective. The conservative view underscores the importance of trusting in God's perfect timing and sovereignty, rather than relying on human schedules or expectations.

wait until the Lord comes
"Wait" in Greek is "ἀναμένω" (anamenō), meaning to remain or stay in expectation. This phrase is a call to patience and hope, rooted in the certainty of Christ's second coming. The early church lived with a vibrant expectation of Jesus' return, which shaped their conduct and priorities. From a conservative standpoint, this waiting is active, involving faithful service and steadfastness in the faith, as believers anticipate the fulfillment of God's promises.

He will bring to light
The imagery of light in Scripture often symbolizes truth, revelation, and purity. The Greek word "φωτίζω" (phōtizō) means to illuminate or make visible. This phrase assures believers that God will reveal all things, dispelling the darkness of ignorance and deceit. Historically, this reflects the biblical theme of God's justice and truth prevailing over human fallibility. The conservative interpretation emphasizes God's omniscience and the ultimate accountability all people have before Him.

what is hidden in darkness
"Hidden" in Greek is "κρυπτός" (kryptos), meaning concealed or secret. This phrase acknowledges that there are aspects of human hearts and actions that are not visible to others. The conservative perspective highlights the importance of integrity and sincerity, knowing that God sees beyond outward appearances. It serves as a reminder that nothing is truly hidden from God, and His judgment will be based on complete knowledge.

and will expose the motives of men's hearts
The word "motives" in Greek is "βουλή" (boulē), which refers to intentions or purposes. This phrase underscores the biblical truth that God is concerned with the heart, not just external actions. Historically, this reflects the prophetic tradition of calling God's people to genuine righteousness. From a conservative viewpoint, it challenges believers to examine their own hearts, ensuring that their actions are driven by love and obedience to God, rather than selfish ambition or hypocrisy.

At that time each will receive his praise from God
The phrase "each will receive his praise" highlights the individual nature of God's judgment and reward. The Greek word "ἔπαινος" (epainos) means commendation or approval. This assurance of divine recognition is a source of encouragement for believers, affirming that their faithfulness will not go unnoticed. The conservative interpretation emphasizes the hope and motivation found in living for God's approval, rather than seeking validation from the world. It is a call to live with integrity, knowing that God's commendation is the ultimate reward.

Now, brothers
The term "brothers" (Greek: ἀδελφοί, adelphoi) is a term of endearment and unity, indicating the familial bond among believers in Christ. Paul uses this term to remind the Corinthians of their shared identity in Christ, transcending social, ethnic, and cultural divisions. Historically, the early church was a diverse community, and Paul’s use of "brothers" underscores the importance of unity and love within the body of Christ.

I have applied these things
The phrase "applied these things" refers to the principles and teachings Paul has been discussing, particularly regarding humility and servanthood. The Greek word for "applied" (μετασχηματίζω, metaschēmatizō) suggests a transformation or adaptation. Paul is emphasizing that he has modeled these teachings in his own life and ministry, setting an example for the Corinthians to follow.

to myself and Apollos
Paul mentions himself and Apollos to illustrate the point of not elevating one leader over another. Apollos was a respected teacher in the early church, known for his eloquence and knowledge of the Scriptures. By including Apollos, Paul demonstrates that both he and Apollos are merely servants of Christ, working together for the same purpose.

for your benefit
The phrase "for your benefit" highlights Paul’s pastoral concern for the Corinthians. His teachings and examples are meant to edify and build up the church. The Greek word for "benefit" (δι’ ὑμᾶς, di’ hymas) indicates that Paul’s actions are motivated by love and a desire for the spiritual growth of the believers.

so that you may learn from us
Paul’s intention is educational; he desires the Corinthians to learn from the examples set by him and Apollos. The Greek word for "learn" (μανθάνω, manthanō) implies gaining knowledge through experience and practice. Paul is encouraging the Corinthians to adopt the same attitudes of humility and service.

not to go beyond what is written
This phrase is a call to adhere strictly to the teachings of Scripture. The Berean Standard Bible emphasizes the authority of the written Word, and Paul warns against adding human wisdom or traditions that contradict biblical teachings. Historically, this reflects the early church’s struggle with false teachings and the need to remain grounded in the apostolic doctrine.

Then you will not take pride
Paul addresses the issue of pride, which was causing division in the Corinthian church. The Greek word for "pride" (φυσιόω, physioō) conveys the idea of being puffed up or inflated with self-importance. Paul warns that pride leads to division and strife, contrary to the humility exemplified by Christ.

in one man over another
This phrase speaks against the factionalism that was prevalent in Corinth, where believers were aligning themselves with different leaders. Paul’s message is clear: no human leader should be exalted above another, as all are equal under Christ. This teaching is rooted in the biblical principle of the priesthood of all believers, emphasizing that all Christians have equal access to God through Jesus Christ.

For who makes you so special?
This phrase challenges the Corinthian believers to consider the source of their abilities and status. The Greek word for "makes" (ποιεῖ) implies an action of creation or formation. Historically, the Corinthians were known for their pride in spiritual gifts and wisdom. Paul is reminding them that any distinction they have is not self-generated but granted by God. This echoes the biblical theme that all good things come from above (James 1:17).

What do you have that you did not receive?
Here, Paul emphasizes the concept of grace. The Greek word for "receive" (ἔλαβες) suggests a passive action, highlighting that the Corinthians' gifts and talents are not earned but given. This reflects the broader biblical narrative of God as the ultimate giver, as seen in the parable of the talents (Matthew 25:14-30), where servants are entrusted with resources to steward, not to claim ownership over.

And if you did receive it
This conditional phrase reinforces the previous point, urging the Corinthians to acknowledge the source of their blessings. The use of "if" (εἰ) in Greek can be understood as "since," indicating a certainty that they have indeed received their gifts from God. This aligns with the scriptural teaching that everything we have is a result of God's grace and provision (1 Peter 4:10).

why do you boast as though you did not?
Paul confronts the issue of pride and self-sufficiency. The Greek word for "boast" (καυχᾶσθαι) carries a connotation of glorying in oneself. Historically, Corinth was a city of wealth and knowledge, and its church members were tempted to take personal credit for their spiritual and material blessings. This rhetorical question serves as a corrective, reminding them of the humility required of believers, as taught in Philippians 2:3-4, where Paul urges Christians to consider others better than themselves.

Already you have all you want
The word "already" suggests a premature sense of fulfillment among the Corinthians. In the Greek, "ἤδη" (ēdē) implies a sense of immediacy or something that has occurred sooner than expected. Paul is addressing the Corinthians' self-satisfaction and complacency. Historically, Corinth was a wealthy city, and the church there may have been influenced by the surrounding culture's materialism. Spiritually, Paul is challenging their perception of spiritual maturity, reminding them that true fulfillment comes from Christ, not worldly possessions or status.

Already you have become rich
The term "rich" in Greek, "ἐπλουτήσατε" (eploutēsate), can refer to both material wealth and spiritual abundance. Paul uses irony here, as the Corinthians believed they had achieved spiritual richness. However, Paul is pointing out their superficial understanding of spiritual wealth. In a historical context, Corinth was a prosperous trade city, and the church might have equated material wealth with spiritual blessing, a notion Paul seeks to correct by emphasizing true spiritual richness in Christ.

You have begun to reign as kings without us
The phrase "reign as kings" in Greek, "ἐβασιλεύσατε" (ebasileusate), suggests authority and dominion. Paul uses this metaphorically to highlight the Corinthians' inflated self-view. They believed they had reached a level of spiritual authority and independence. Paul contrasts their self-perception with the reality of Christian leadership, which is marked by humility and service. Historically, reigning as kings would imply a position of power and influence, which the Corinthians assumed prematurely, neglecting the apostolic guidance and unity in the body of Christ.

and I wish that you really were reigning so that we also might reign with you
Paul's wish, expressed through the Greek "ὄφελον" (ophelon), conveys a longing for the Corinthians to achieve true spiritual maturity. His desire for them to "really" reign indicates a future hope for their genuine spiritual growth. The phrase "so that we also might reign with you" underscores the communal aspect of Christian leadership and maturity. Paul envisions a time when all believers, including the apostles, will share in the reign of Christ, highlighting the eschatological hope of the Christian faith. This reflects the unity and shared destiny of the church, contrasting with the Corinthians' individualistic and premature claims of spiritual authority.

For it seems to me
This phrase introduces Paul's personal reflection, indicating a deep, introspective understanding of his and the apostles' roles. The Greek word "δοκεῖ" (dokei) suggests a perception or opinion, emphasizing Paul's humility and the subjective nature of his observation. It reflects the apostolic self-awareness of their position in God's plan, often misunderstood by the world.

that God has displayed us apostles
The term "displayed" comes from the Greek "ἀποδείκνυμι" (apodeiknymi), meaning to exhibit or show forth. This suggests a deliberate act by God to present the apostles in a particular light. Historically, apostles were foundational to the early Church, and their lives were meant to be visible testimonies of Christ's work. The use of "us apostles" underscores their unique calling and the divine orchestration of their mission.

at the end of the procession
This imagery is drawn from Roman triumphal processions, where captives were paraded last, often to face execution. The Greek "ἐσχάτους" (eschatous) means "last" or "final," symbolizing humility and sacrifice. This metaphor highlights the apostles' suffering and the paradox of their esteemed yet humbling position in God's kingdom.

like prisoners appointed for death
The phrase evokes the image of condemned criminals, emphasizing the apostles' vulnerability and the cost of discipleship. The Greek "ἐπιθανατίους" (epithanatious) suggests being sentenced to death, reflecting the real dangers faced by early Christians. This stark reality serves as a reminder of the apostles' commitment and the ultimate sacrifice they were willing to make for the Gospel.

We have become a spectacle
The word "spectacle" is translated from the Greek "θέατρον" (theatron), meaning a theater or public show. This indicates that the apostles' lives were on display for all to see, serving as a living testimony to their faith. The concept of being a spectacle underscores the public nature of their ministry and the scrutiny they faced.

to the whole world
This phrase expands the audience of the apostles' spectacle beyond local communities to a global stage. The Greek "κόσμῳ" (kosmō) refers to the world or universe, indicating the far-reaching impact of their witness. It suggests that their lives were meant to influence not just immediate observers but all of humanity.

to angels as well as to men
This dual audience highlights the cosmic significance of the apostles' mission. The mention of "angels" (Greek "ἀγγέλοις," angeloi) suggests that their actions were observed by heavenly beings, adding a spiritual dimension to their earthly struggles. The inclusion of "men" (Greek "ἀνθρώποις," anthrōpois) emphasizes the human aspect, bridging the divine and human realms in the apostles' testimony. This duality reflects the comprehensive scope of God's redemptive plan, witnessed by both celestial and terrestrial beings.

We are fools for Christ
The phrase "fools for Christ" is derived from the Greek word "mōroi," which means foolish or simple-minded. In the context of 1 Corinthians, Paul is using irony to contrast the worldly perception of wisdom with the divine wisdom found in Christ. Historically, the Greco-Roman world valued wisdom and eloquence, often viewing the message of the cross as foolishness (1 Corinthians 1:18). Paul embraces this label of "fool" to highlight the radical nature of the Gospel, which subverts human expectations and values. The apostles' willingness to be seen as fools underscores their total commitment to Christ, prioritizing divine approval over human accolades.

but you are wise in Christ
Here, "wise in Christ" uses the Greek word "sophoi," meaning wise or learned. Paul contrasts the Corinthians' self-perception of wisdom with the apostles' perceived foolishness. This irony serves as a critique of the Corinthians' pride and self-sufficiency. In a historical context, Corinth was a city known for its intellectual and cultural achievements, which may have led the believers there to overestimate their spiritual maturity. Paul reminds them that true wisdom is found in Christ alone, not in human intellect or status.

We are weak
The term "weak" comes from the Greek "asthenēs," meaning without strength or powerless. Paul acknowledges the apostles' physical and social vulnerabilities, which were evident in their sufferings and persecutions for the sake of the Gospel. This weakness, however, is not a deficiency but a testament to God's power working through human frailty (2 Corinthians 12:9-10). Historically, the early church faced significant opposition, and the apostles' endurance through weakness served as a powerful witness to the transformative power of Christ.

but you are strong
The word "strong" is translated from the Greek "ischuroi," meaning powerful or mighty. Paul uses this term to highlight the Corinthians' self-assuredness and perceived strength. This strength, however, is juxtaposed with the apostles' weakness to challenge the Corinthians' understanding of true power. In a scriptural context, true strength is found in reliance on God rather than in human ability or social standing (Philippians 4:13).

You are honored
"Honored" comes from the Greek "endoxoi," meaning glorious or esteemed. Paul contrasts the Corinthians' pursuit of honor with the apostles' experience of dishonor. In the cultural context of Corinth, honor and social status were highly valued, often leading to divisions within the church (1 Corinthians 1:10-12). Paul challenges this mindset by pointing to the example of Christ, who embraced humility and servanthood (Philippians 2:5-8).

but we are dishonored
The term "dishonored" is from the Greek "atimoi," meaning without honor or despised. Paul and the apostles willingly accepted dishonor for the sake of the Gospel, reflecting the countercultural nature of Christian discipleship. Historically, the early church was often marginalized and persecuted, yet this dishonor was seen as a participation in the sufferings of Christ (Romans 8:17). Paul’s message encourages believers to find their identity and worth in Christ, rather than in societal approval or recognition.

To this very hour
This phrase emphasizes the immediacy and ongoing nature of the apostles' struggles. The Greek word for "hour" (ὥρα, hōra) can denote a specific time or season, suggesting that the hardships Paul describes are not just past events but current realities. This highlights the apostles' continuous dedication and endurance in their mission, serving as a powerful reminder of the cost of discipleship and the call to persevere in faith despite ongoing challenges.

we are hungry and thirsty
The physical needs of hunger and thirst underscore the apostles' willingness to endure deprivation for the sake of the Gospel. The Greek words for "hungry" (πεινῶμεν, peinōmen) and "thirsty" (διψῶμεν, dipsōmen) convey a sense of ongoing lack, not just occasional discomfort. This reflects the sacrificial nature of their ministry, echoing Jesus' own experiences and teachings about reliance on God for provision. It serves as an inspiration for believers to trust in God's provision and to prioritize spiritual nourishment over physical comfort.

we are poorly clothed
The phrase "poorly clothed" (γυμνιτεύομεν, gymniteuomen) suggests a lack of adequate clothing, symbolizing vulnerability and humility. In the ancient world, clothing was a sign of status and respectability. The apostles' willingness to forego such status for the sake of the Gospel illustrates their commitment to humility and their identification with the marginalized. This challenges modern believers to consider how they might also embrace humility and identify with those in need.

we are brutally treated
The term "brutally treated" (κολαφιζόμεθα, kolaphizometha) implies being struck or mistreated, often used in the context of physical abuse. This highlights the persecution and suffering faced by the apostles as they spread the Gospel. Historically, early Christians often faced hostility and violence, and this phrase serves as a testament to their courage and resilience. It encourages believers today to stand firm in their faith, even in the face of opposition or persecution.

we are homeless
The word "homeless" (ἀστατοῦμεν, astatoumen) conveys a sense of instability and lack of a permanent dwelling. This reflects the itinerant nature of the apostles' ministry, as they traveled to spread the Gospel without the security of a home. It symbolizes a life fully surrendered to God's call, prioritizing the mission over personal comfort. For contemporary Christians, it serves as a reminder of the transient nature of earthly life and the call to find our true home and security in Christ.

We work hard with our own hands
The phrase "work hard" comes from the Greek word "kopiao," which means to labor to the point of exhaustion. This reflects the apostle Paul's dedication to his ministry and his willingness to support himself through manual labor, such as tent-making, to avoid being a financial burden to the church (Acts 18:3). The emphasis on "our own hands" underscores the dignity of labor and the importance of self-sufficiency. In a historical context, manual labor was often looked down upon in Greco-Roman society, yet Paul elevates it as a means of serving God and others. This serves as an inspirational reminder that all work, when done for the glory of God, is honorable and valuable.

When we are vilified, we bless
The term "vilified" translates from the Greek "loidoreo," meaning to revile or speak abusively. Paul and his companions faced harsh criticism and slander from both Jews and Gentiles. Despite this, they chose to "bless" (Greek: "eulogeo"), which means to speak well of or to invoke divine favor upon others. This reflects Jesus' teaching in Matthew 5:44, where believers are called to love their enemies and pray for those who persecute them. The historical context of early Christians facing persecution highlights the radical nature of this response, demonstrating the transformative power of the Gospel to enable believers to respond with grace and love.

when we are persecuted, we endure it
"Persecuted" comes from the Greek "dioko," which means to pursue with the intent to harm. The early church faced significant persecution, from social ostracism to physical violence. Paul's use of "endure" (Greek: "anechomai") indicates a steadfastness and patience in the face of suffering. This endurance is not passive resignation but an active, faithful perseverance rooted in hope and trust in God's ultimate justice and deliverance. Historically, the endurance of early Christians under persecution served as a powerful testimony to their faith and often led to the growth of the church, as others were drawn to the strength and peace exhibited by believers. This serves as an encouragement for modern Christians to remain steadfast in their faith amidst trials, trusting in God's sovereignty and grace.

when we are slandered
The Greek word for "slandered" is "dusphēmoumenoi," which implies being spoken of in an evil or defamatory manner. In the historical context of the early church, Christians were often misunderstood and maligned by both Jewish and pagan communities. This phrase highlights the reality of persecution and the call to respond with grace. It reflects Jesus' teaching in Matthew 5:44 to love enemies and pray for those who persecute you, emphasizing a Christ-like response to adversity.

we answer kindly
The Greek term "parakaloumen" suggests not just a gentle response but an exhortation or encouragement. This reflects the Christian ethic of returning good for evil, as seen in Romans 12:21. The early church fathers, such as Polycarp, exemplified this attitude, often responding to persecution with forgiveness and love. This phrase encourages believers to maintain a spirit of gentleness and peace, even when faced with hostility.

Up to this moment
This phrase indicates the ongoing nature of the apostles' experiences. The Greek "achri arti" suggests a continuous state, emphasizing that the trials faced by Paul and his companions were not momentary but persistent. Historically, this reflects the constant challenges faced by early Christians, who were often marginalized and oppressed. It serves as a reminder of the enduring nature of Christian witness in the face of adversity.

we have become the scum of the earth
The term "perikatharmata" in Greek refers to the refuse or filth that is scraped off. In ancient times, this word was used to describe the lowest of the low, often associated with those who were sacrificed to appease the gods during plagues or disasters. Paul uses this vivid imagery to convey the depth of humiliation and rejection experienced by the apostles. It underscores the cost of discipleship and the willingness to be seen as nothing for the sake of Christ.

the refuse of the world
The Greek word "peripsēma" is similar to "perikatharmata," reinforcing the idea of being considered worthless or disposable. This phrase highlights the contrast between the world's values and God's values. While the world may see believers as insignificant, God sees them as precious and chosen. This serves as an encouragement to Christians to find their identity and worth in Christ, rather than in societal approval.

I am not writing these things
The Apostle Paul begins this verse with a personal declaration, emphasizing his role as the author of the letter. The Greek word for "writing" (γράφω, graphō) indicates a deliberate and thoughtful communication. Paul’s letters were not casual notes but carefully crafted messages intended to instruct and guide the early church. This phrase sets the tone for the pastoral care and authority Paul exercises over the Corinthian believers.

to shame you
The Greek word for "shame" (ἐντρέπω, entrepō) conveys a sense of causing someone to feel disgrace or embarrassment. Paul clarifies that his intention is not to humiliate the Corinthians. In the cultural context of the Greco-Roman world, honor and shame were significant social constructs. Paul’s approach is counter-cultural; he seeks to build up rather than tear down, reflecting the Christian ethic of love and restoration.

but to warn you
The word "warn" (νουθετέω, noutheteō) in Greek carries the connotation of admonishing or instructing with the intent of correction. Paul’s purpose is corrective, aiming to guide the Corinthians back to the right path. This reflects the biblical principle found throughout Scripture that God disciplines those He loves (Hebrews 12:6). Paul’s warning is an act of love, seeking the spiritual well-being of the church.

as my beloved children
Paul uses the term "beloved" (ἀγαπητός, agapētos) to express deep affection. This word is derived from "agape," the highest form of love in the New Testament, often used to describe God’s love for humanity. By calling the Corinthians "children" (τέκνον, teknon), Paul emphasizes his paternal relationship with them. This familial language underscores the intimate and caring bond he shares with the church, akin to a father’s love and responsibility for his offspring. Historically, this reflects the early Christian community's understanding of spiritual kinship, where believers are seen as members of a family united in Christ.

Even if you have ten thousand guardians in Christ
The term "guardians" in Greek is "paidagogos," which refers to a tutor or guide responsible for a child's upbringing. In the Greco-Roman world, a paidagogos was often a trusted slave who supervised the moral and educational development of a child. Paul uses this metaphor to illustrate the role of various teachers and leaders in the spiritual growth of the Corinthians. The hyperbolic "ten thousand" emphasizes the abundance of such guides, yet it underscores their secondary role compared to a father. This phrase reminds us of the multitude of voices and influences in our spiritual journey, yet it calls us to recognize the unique and foundational role of those who have truly nurtured our faith.

you do not have many fathers
The word "fathers" here is "pater" in Greek, signifying a progenitor or originator. Paul contrasts the many guides with the singular role of a father, who imparts life and identity. In the spiritual sense, a father is one who has been instrumental in bringing someone to faith, nurturing them in the foundational truths of the gospel. This highlights the deep, personal relationship and responsibility that comes with spiritual fatherhood. It is a call to honor and respect those who have been pivotal in our spiritual birth and growth, recognizing their unique contribution to our faith journey.

for in Christ Jesus
The phrase "in Christ Jesus" is central to Pauline theology, denoting the believer's union with Christ. This union is the source of all spiritual life and identity. Paul emphasizes that his role as a spiritual father is not based on his own merit but is rooted in his relationship with Christ. It is through Christ that he has the authority and ability to nurture others in the faith. This phrase serves as a reminder that all spiritual authority and growth are ultimately grounded in our connection to Christ, who is the true source of life and transformation.

I became your father through the gospel
The word "became" indicates a specific point in time when Paul assumed the role of a spiritual father to the Corinthians. This was not a self-appointed position but one that came through the proclamation of the "gospel," or "euangelion" in Greek, meaning "good news." The gospel is the message of Christ's death, burial, and resurrection, which brings salvation to all who believe. Paul's fatherhood is thus linked to his role as a messenger of this transformative message. This underscores the power of the gospel to create new spiritual relationships and communities, as it brings individuals into the family of God. It is a call to recognize the life-giving power of the gospel and the responsibility of those who share it to nurture and guide new believers in their faith.

Therefore
The word "therefore" serves as a critical connector, linking the preceding arguments and teachings of Paul to the exhortation that follows. In Greek, this is "διό" (dio), which implies a conclusion drawn from previous statements. Paul has been discussing the nature of apostleship, humility, and the role of spiritual leaders. This word signals that what follows is a logical and necessary response to the truths he has just laid out. It reminds us that Christian living is not isolated from doctrine; our actions are a direct response to the truths we embrace.

I urge you
The phrase "I urge you" comes from the Greek "παρακαλῶ" (parakalō), which conveys a sense of earnest appeal or exhortation. This is not a mere suggestion but a heartfelt plea from Paul. It reflects his pastoral heart and deep concern for the spiritual well-being of the Corinthian believers. Paul is not commanding with authoritarian force but is appealing with love and urgency, emphasizing the importance of the message. This reflects the relational nature of Christian leadership, where guidance is given out of love and concern rather than mere obligation.

to imitate me
The call "to imitate me" is derived from the Greek "μιμηταί μου γίνεσθε" (mimētai mou ginesthe). The word "imitate" (μιμηταί) is where we get the English word "mimic." In the historical context, discipleship often involved imitation of a teacher's life and conduct. Paul is not suggesting that he is perfect, but rather that his life is a tangible example of living out the teachings of Christ. This is a bold statement, yet it is rooted in humility, as Paul elsewhere acknowledges his own weaknesses and dependence on Christ (1 Corinthians 11:1). The call to imitation is not about creating clones but about embodying the principles of the Gospel in a way that others can see and follow. It challenges believers to live lives worthy of emulation, reflecting Christ in all they do.

That is why
This phrase indicates a conclusion or reason for a previous statement. In the context of 1 Corinthians 4, Paul is addressing issues of division and pride within the Corinthian church. The phrase suggests that the sending of Timothy is a direct response to these issues, emphasizing the importance of unity and humility. The Greek word "διὰ τοῦτο" (dia touto) underscores a purposeful action, highlighting Paul's intentionality in addressing the spiritual needs of the Corinthians.

I have sent you Timothy
Timothy is a significant figure in the New Testament, known for his close relationship with Paul. The Greek verb "ἔπεμψα" (epempsa) indicates a deliberate sending, reflecting Paul's trust in Timothy's ability to represent him. Historically, Timothy was a young leader mentored by Paul, and his presence in Corinth would serve as a stabilizing influence, reinforcing Paul's teachings and authority.

my beloved and faithful child in the Lord
This phrase reflects the deep personal and spiritual bond between Paul and Timothy. The Greek word "ἀγαπητός" (agapētos) means beloved, indicating a relationship rooted in Christian love. "Faithful" (πιστός, pistos) underscores Timothy's reliability and steadfastness in the faith. The term "child" (τέκνον, teknon) conveys a sense of spiritual parenthood, with Paul as a mentor guiding Timothy in his Christian walk. This relationship exemplifies the discipleship model within the early church.

He will remind you
The Greek verb "ἀναμιμνῄσκω" (anamimnēskō) means to remind or bring to remembrance. Timothy's role is not to introduce new teachings but to reinforce what Paul has already taught. This highlights the importance of consistency and continuity in Christian doctrine and practice, ensuring that the Corinthians remain grounded in the truth.

of my way of life in Christ Jesus
Paul's "way of life" (τὰς ὁδοὺς μου, tas hodous mou) refers to his conduct and manner of living, which is deeply rooted in his relationship with Christ. The phrase "in Christ Jesus" signifies that Paul's lifestyle is not based on human wisdom but on his identity and union with Christ. This serves as a model for the Corinthians, encouraging them to emulate Paul's Christ-centered life.

which is exactly what I teach everywhere in every church
This statement emphasizes the universality and consistency of Paul's teaching. The Greek word "καθὼς" (kathōs) means just as or exactly, indicating that Paul's message does not change based on location or audience. "Everywhere in every church" underscores the apostolic authority and the uniformity of the gospel message across the early Christian communities. This consistency is crucial for maintaining doctrinal purity and unity within the body of Christ.

Some of you
This phrase indicates that Paul is addressing a specific subset of the Corinthian church. The Greek word used here, "τινες" (tines), suggests that not all members are guilty, but a notable portion. Historically, the Corinthian church was diverse, with members from various social and economic backgrounds, which sometimes led to divisions and factions. Paul’s focus on "some" highlights the need for discernment and correction within the community, emphasizing that not all are at fault, but those who are must be addressed.

have become arrogant
The Greek word for "arrogant" is "φυσιόω" (physioō), which means to be puffed up or inflated with pride. This term is used metaphorically to describe an inflated sense of self-importance. In the context of Corinth, a city known for its wealth and intellectualism, such arrogance could stem from social status, knowledge, or spiritual gifts. Paul warns against this pride, as it leads to division and strife, contrary to the humility and unity that Christ exemplifies.

as if I were not coming to you
This phrase suggests that the arrogance of some Corinthians is partly due to their belief that Paul would not return to confront them. The historical context reveals that Paul had a complex relationship with the Corinthian church, having founded it and written multiple letters to address ongoing issues. The phrase implies a challenge to Paul’s authority and a misunderstanding of his commitment to their spiritual growth. Paul’s intention to visit underscores his pastoral care and the seriousness with which he takes their conduct, reminding them that accountability is inevitable.

But I will come to you shortly
The phrase "But I will come to you shortly" reflects Paul's intention and determination to visit the Corinthian church soon. The Greek word for "shortly" (ταχέως, tacheōs) implies a sense of urgency and immediacy. Paul, as an apostle, feels a pastoral responsibility to address the issues within the Corinthian church personally. This reflects the early church's reliance on apostolic authority and personal presence to guide and correct congregations.

if the Lord is willing
This phrase underscores Paul's submission to God's sovereignty. The Greek word for "willing" (θέλω, thelō) indicates a desire or intention. Paul acknowledges that his plans are subject to God's will, a common theme in Scripture that emphasizes the importance of seeking divine guidance and recognizing human limitations. This reflects a deep trust in God's providence and a model for believers to follow in their own planning and decision-making.

and then I will find out
Here, Paul expresses his intention to discern the truth of the situation in Corinth. The Greek word for "find out" (γινώσκω, ginōskō) suggests a process of gaining knowledge or understanding. Paul is not content with hearsay; he seeks firsthand knowledge to make informed judgments. This highlights the importance of discernment and personal investigation in addressing church matters.

not only what these arrogant people are saying
Paul refers to certain individuals in the Corinthian church as "arrogant" (φυσιόω, physioō), which means puffed up or inflated with pride. This term indicates a spiritual pride that leads to division and discord. Paul is concerned with the content of their speech, recognizing that arrogance often manifests in boastful or divisive language. This serves as a warning against pride and the importance of humility in Christian leadership and community.

but what power they have
The word "power" (δύναμις, dynamis) in this context refers to spiritual authority and effectiveness. Paul contrasts mere words with genuine spiritual power, which is a hallmark of true apostolic ministry. This distinction emphasizes that the kingdom of God is not about eloquent speech but about the transformative power of the Holy Spirit. Paul seeks to expose the lack of true spiritual authority among the arrogant, reminding the Corinthians of the need for authentic, Spirit-led leadership.

For
The word "for" serves as a conjunction that connects this verse to the preceding context. In 1 Corinthians 4, Paul addresses the Corinthians' pride and divisions, emphasizing the need for humility and unity. The use of "for" indicates that what follows is a reason or explanation for his previous statements. It sets the stage for understanding the nature of God's kingdom, contrasting it with mere human wisdom or eloquence.

the kingdom of God
This phrase refers to the reign and rule of God, both in the present spiritual sense and the future eschatological fulfillment. In Greek, "kingdom" is "basileia," which implies sovereignty and authority. The "kingdom of God" is a central theme in Jesus' teachings, representing God's active rule in the hearts of believers and His ultimate dominion over all creation. Historically, the Jewish expectation of God's kingdom was a political and nationalistic hope, but Jesus redefined it as a spiritual reality that transcends earthly power.

is not a matter of talk
The Greek word for "talk" is "logos," which can mean word, speech, or reason. Here, Paul contrasts empty rhetoric with genuine spiritual authority. In the Corinthian context, there were many who prided themselves on eloquent speech and philosophical debate. However, Paul emphasizes that the kingdom of God is not about persuasive words or intellectual arguments. This serves as a reminder that true Christian faith is not demonstrated through mere verbal expression but through the transformative power of God.

but of power
The word "power" in Greek is "dynamis," which denotes strength, ability, and miraculous power. This power is the active presence of the Holy Spirit in the life of believers, enabling them to live out the gospel with authenticity and impact. Historically, the early church experienced this power through signs, wonders, and the bold proclamation of the gospel, which led to the rapid spread of Christianity despite persecution. Scripturally, this power is evident in the resurrection of Christ, the greatest demonstration of God's power over sin and death. For believers, it is a call to rely on the Holy Spirit rather than human strength, allowing God's power to manifest in their lives and communities.

Which do you prefer?
This phrase invites the Corinthians to self-reflection and choice. The Greek word for "prefer" (βούλομαι, boulomai) implies a deliberate will or desire. Paul is not merely asking for their opinion but is prompting them to consider the consequences of their actions and the kind of relationship they wish to cultivate with their spiritual leader. Historically, this reflects the apostolic authority Paul held and his pastoral concern for the church's spiritual health.

Shall I come to you
Paul's use of "come" (ἔρχομαι, erchomai) indicates his intention to visit the Corinthian church. This is not just a physical journey but a spiritual visitation. In the early church, apostolic visits were significant events, often bringing correction, encouragement, and teaching. The historical context shows that Paul's visits were pivotal in shaping the early Christian communities.

with a rod
The "rod" (ῥάβδος, rhabdos) symbolizes discipline and correction. In ancient times, a rod was a tool for guiding and correcting, often used by shepherds. Scripturally, it represents authority and discipline (Proverbs 13:24). Paul is reminding the Corinthians of his authority to correct them if necessary, reflecting the biblical principle that discipline is an act of love intended to restore and guide.

or in love
The Greek word for "love" (ἀγάπη, agape) is the highest form of love, characterized by selflessness and sacrifice. Paul contrasts the rod with love, emphasizing his preference for a relationship built on mutual respect and care. This reflects the scriptural teaching that love is the greatest commandment (Matthew 22:37-39) and the foundation of Christian community.

and with a gentle spirit?
The phrase "gentle spirit" (πνεύματι πραΰτητος, pneumati prautetos) conveys a demeanor of meekness and humility. In the Greco-Roman world, gentleness was often seen as weakness, but in the Christian context, it is a fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:23) and a mark of true strength. Paul is offering the Corinthians a choice between experiencing his authority through discipline or through the nurturing and transformative power of love and gentleness.