Ecclesiastes 4:2
New International Version
And I declared that the dead, who had already died, are happier than the living, who are still alive.

New Living Translation
So I concluded that the dead are better off than the living.

English Standard Version
And I thought the dead who are already dead more fortunate than the living who are still alive.

Berean Standard Bible
So I admired the dead, who had already died, above the living, who are still alive.

King James Bible
Wherefore I praised the dead which are already dead more than the living which are yet alive.

New King James Version
Therefore I praised the dead who were already dead, More than the living who are still alive.

New American Standard Bible
So I congratulated the dead who are already dead, more than the living who are still living.

NASB 1995
So I congratulated the dead who are already dead more than the living who are still living.

NASB 1977
So I congratulated the dead who are already dead more than the living who are still living.

Legacy Standard Bible
So I lauded the dead who are already dead more than the living who are still living.

Amplified Bible
So I congratulated and thought more fortunate are those who are already dead than the living who are still living.

Christian Standard Bible
So I commended the dead, who have already died, more than the living, who are still alive.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
So I admired the dead, who have already died, more than the living, who are still alive.

American Standard Version
Wherefore I praised the dead that have been long dead more than the living that are yet alive;

Contemporary English Version
I said to myself, "The dead are better off than the living.

English Revised Version
Wherefore I praised the dead which are already dead more than the living which are yet alive;

GOD'S WORD® Translation
I congratulate the dead, who have already died, rather than the living, who still have to carry on.

Good News Translation
I envy those who are dead and gone; they are better off than those who are still alive.

International Standard Version
So I commended the dead who had already died as being happier than the living who are still alive.

Majority Standard Bible
So I admired the dead, who had already died, above the living, who are still alive.

NET Bible
So I considered those who are dead and gone more fortunate than those who are still alive.

New Heart English Bible
Therefore I praised the dead who have been long dead more than the living who are yet alive.

Webster's Bible Translation
Wherefore I praised the dead who are already dead more than the living who are yet alive.

World English Bible
Therefore I praised the dead who have been long dead more than the living who are yet alive.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And I am praising the dead who have already died above the living who are yet alive.

Young's Literal Translation
And I am praising the dead who have already died above the living who are yet alive.

Smith's Literal Translation
And I praise the dead already dead more than the living they yet living.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And I praised the dead rather than the living:

Catholic Public Domain Version
And so, I praised the dead more than the living.

New American Bible
And those now dead, I declared more fortunate in death than are the living to be still alive.

New Revised Standard Version
And I thought the dead, who have already died, more fortunate than the living, who are still alive;
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Wherefore I praised the dead who are already dead more than the living who are still alive.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And I praised the dead who have died long ago, more than the living, those who are alive now
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Wherefore I praised the dead that are already dead more than the living that are yet alive;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
and I praised all the dead that had already died more than the living, as many as are alive until now.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Evil of Oppression
1Again I looked, and I considered all the oppression taking place under the sun. I saw the tears of the oppressed, and they had no comforter; the power lay in the hands of their oppressors, and there was no comforter. 2So I admired the dead, who had already died, above the living, who are still alive. 3But better than both is he who has not yet existed, who has not seen the evil that is done under the sun.…

Cross References
Job 3:11-13
Why did I not perish at birth; why did I not die as I came from the womb? / Why were there knees to receive me, and breasts that I should be nursed? / For now I would be lying down in peace; I would be asleep and at rest

Philippians 1:21-23
For to me, to live is Christ, and to die is gain. / But if I go on living in the body, this will mean fruitful labor for me. So what shall I choose? I do not know. / I am torn between the two. I desire to depart and be with Christ, which is far better indeed.

Revelation 14:13
And I heard a voice from heaven telling me to write, “Blessed are the dead—those who die in the Lord from this moment on.” “Yes,” says the Spirit, “they will rest from their labors, for their deeds will follow them.”

Job 14:13-14
If only You would hide me in Sheol and conceal me until Your anger has passed! If only You would appoint a time for me and then remember me! / When a man dies, will he live again? All the days of my hard service I will wait, until my renewal comes.

Isaiah 57:1-2
The righteous perish, and no one takes it to heart; devout men are taken away, while no one considers that the righteous are taken away from the presence of evil. / Those who walk uprightly enter into peace; they find rest, lying down in death.

2 Corinthians 5:8
We are confident, then, and would prefer to be away from the body and at home with the Lord.

1 Thessalonians 4:13-14
Brothers, we do not want you to be uninformed about those who sleep in death, so that you will not grieve like the rest, who are without hope. / For since we believe that Jesus died and rose again, we also believe that God will bring with Jesus those who have fallen asleep in Him.

Job 7:15-16
so that I would prefer strangling and death over my life in this body. / I loathe my life! I would not live forever. Leave me alone, for my days are but a breath.

Luke 23:43
And Jesus said to him, “Truly I tell you, today you will be with Me in Paradise.”

Psalm 116:15
Precious in the sight of the LORD is the death of His saints.

1 Kings 19:4
while he himself went a day’s journey into the wilderness. He sat down under a broom tree and prayed that he might die. “I have had enough, LORD,” he said. “Take my life, for I am no better than my fathers.”

Romans 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not comparable to the glory that will be revealed in us.

2 Timothy 4:6-8
For I am already being poured out like a drink offering, and the time of my departure is at hand. / I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith. / From now on there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge, will award to me on that day—and not only to me, but to all who crave His appearing.

Jeremiah 20:14-18
Cursed be the day I was born! May the day my mother bore me never be blessed. / Cursed be the man who brought my father the news, saying, “A son is born to you,” bringing him great joy. / May that man be like the cities that the LORD overthrew without compassion. May he hear an outcry in the morning and a battle cry at noon, ...

Matthew 5:4
Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted.


Treasury of Scripture

Why I praised the dead which are already dead more than the living which are yet alive.

Ecclesiastes 2:17
Therefore I hated life; because the work that is wrought under the sun is grievous unto me: for all is vanity and vexation of spirit.

Ecclesiastes 9:4-6
For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope: for a living dog is better than a dead lion…

Job 3:17-21
There the wicked cease from troubling; and there the weary be at rest…

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Ecclesiastes 4
1. vanity is increased unto men by oppression
4. by envy
5. by idleness
7. by covetousness
9. by solitariness
13. by willfulness














So I admired
The Hebrew root for "admired" is "שָׁבַח" (shabach), which can also mean to praise or commend. In the context of Ecclesiastes, this admiration is not necessarily a celebration but a reflective acknowledgment of the state of the dead compared to the living. The Preacher, traditionally understood as Solomon, is expressing a deep existential observation. This admiration is not born out of joy but out of a somber realization of the burdens of life. In a conservative Christian perspective, this can be seen as a moment of grappling with the fallen nature of the world, where the dead are free from earthly toil and suffering.

the dead, who had already died
The phrase "the dead, who had already died" emphasizes the finality and completeness of death. In Hebrew, "מֵתִים" (metim) refers to those who have passed away. The repetition underscores the certainty and unchangeable nature of death. Historically, death was often seen as a release from the hardships and injustices of life. In the biblical context, this reflects the understanding that the dead are beyond the reach of earthly struggles and the vanity that the Preacher frequently laments. For Christians, this can be a reminder of the hope in eternal life, where death is not the end but a transition to being with Christ.

above the living
The comparison "above the living" suggests a hierarchy where the dead are in a preferable state to those who are alive. The Hebrew word "חַיִּים" (chayyim) for "living" encompasses the full experience of life, with all its joys and sorrows. The Preacher's perspective here is influenced by the pervasive sense of vanity and futility that characterizes much of Ecclesiastes. From a conservative Christian viewpoint, this can be seen as a call to reflect on the transient nature of earthly life and the importance of living with an eternal perspective, valuing spiritual over temporal gains.

who are still alive
The phrase "who are still alive" highlights the ongoing nature of life and its associated struggles. The Hebrew "עוֹד חַיִּים" (od chayyim) implies continuity and persistence in the face of life's challenges. The Preacher's observation is that those who are alive continue to face the burdens and injustices of the world. In a conservative Christian context, this can be interpreted as an encouragement to persevere in faith, trusting in God's ultimate justice and the promise of eternal life. It serves as a reminder that while life on earth is fraught with difficulties, believers are called to live with hope and purpose, looking forward to the fulfillment of God's promises.

(2) I praised the dead.--Job 3:11; Exodus 32:32; 1Kings 19:4; Jeremiah 20:14; Jonah 4:3. The word which is translated "yet" in this verse belongs to later Hebrew, and does not occur elsewhere in the Old Testament,

Verse 2. - In view of these patent wrongs Koheleth loses all enjoyment of life. Wherefore (and) I praised the dead which are already dead; or, who died long ago, and thus have escaped the miseries which they would have had to endure. It must, indeed, have been a bitter experience which elicited such an avowal. To die and be forgotten an Oriental would look upon as the most calamitous of destinies. More than the living which are yet alive. For these have before them the prospect of a long endurance of oppression and suffering (comp. Ecclesiastes 7:1; Job 3:13, etc.). The Greek gnome says -

Κρεῖσσον τὸ μὴ ζῇν ἐστὶν η} ζῇν ἀθλίως

"Better to die than lead a wretched life." The Septuagint version is scarcely a rendering of our present text: "Above the living, as many as are living until now."

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
So I
אֲנִ֛י (’ă·nî)
Pronoun - first person common singular
Strong's 589: I

admired
וְשַׁבֵּ֧חַ (wə·šab·bê·aḥ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Infinitive absolute
Strong's 7623: To address in a, loud tone, loud, to pacify

the dead,
הַמֵּתִ֖ים (ham·mê·ṯîm)
Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 4191: To die, to kill

who had already
שֶׁכְּבָ֣ר (šek·kə·ḇār)
Pronoun - relative | Adverb
Strong's 3528: Extent of time, a great while, long ago, formerly, hitherto

died,
מֵ֑תוּ (mê·ṯū)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 4191: To die, to kill

above
מִן־ (min-)
Preposition
Strong's 4480: A part of, from, out of

the living,
הַ֣חַיִּ֔ים (ha·ḥay·yîm)
Article | Adjective - masculine plural
Strong's 2416: Alive, raw, fresh, strong, life

who
אֲשֶׁ֛ר (’ă·šer)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

are still
עֲדֶֽנָה׃ (‘ă·ḏe·nāh)
Adverb | third person feminine singular
Strong's 5728: Hitherto, still

alive.
חַיִּ֖ים (ḥay·yîm)
Adjective - masculine plural
Strong's 2416: Alive, raw, fresh, strong, life


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OT Poetry: Ecclesiastes 4:2 Therefore I praised the dead who have (Ecclesiast. Ec Ecc Eccles.)
Ecclesiastes 4:1
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