Now these are the names of the tribes
This phrase introduces the final chapter of Ezekiel, which details the division of the land among the tribes of Israel. The Hebrew word for "names" (שֵׁמוֹת, shemot) signifies identity and heritage. In the biblical context, names often carry deep significance, reflecting character and destiny. The listing of the tribes here is a reaffirmation of God's covenant with Israel, emphasizing the restoration and unity of the nation.

From the northern end
The phrase "northern end" refers to the geographical starting point for the allocation of the tribal lands. In Hebrew, "north" (צָפוֹן, tsafon) often symbolizes mystery and hiddenness, as the north was less explored and known. This allocation from the north signifies a comprehensive restoration, beginning from the furthest reaches of the land.

along the road of Hethlon to Lebo-hamath
Hethlon and Lebo-hamath are locations marking the northern boundary of the land. Archaeologically, these sites are significant as they define the extent of Israel's territory. Historically, Hamath was a major city-state, and its mention here underscores the breadth of the promised land. The "road" (דֶּרֶךְ, derek) symbolizes a journey or path, indicating the divine guidance in the allocation process.

as far as Hazar-enan (the border of Damascus)
Hazar-enan is another boundary marker, and its mention alongside Damascus, a prominent city, highlights the extent of Israel's influence. The Hebrew root for "border" (גְּבוּל, gevul) implies a limit or boundary, but also a place of protection and identity. This demarcation signifies God's provision and protection for His people.

with the border of Hamath to the north
Reiterating the northern boundary, this phrase emphasizes the completeness of the land's division. The repetition of "border" underscores the importance of defined territories in maintaining order and identity among the tribes. Historically, Hamath was a significant neighbor, and its inclusion in the boundary description reflects the geopolitical realities of the time.

there shall be one portion for Dan
The tribe of Dan is allocated the first portion, which is significant given its historical context. Dan was one of the tribes that struggled with idolatry and was often seen as wayward. Yet, in this restored vision, Dan is given a place, symbolizing God's grace and the inclusion of all tribes in His redemptive plan. The "portion" (חֵלֶק, chelek) signifies inheritance and blessing, a reminder of God's faithfulness to His promises.

Asher
The name "Asher" in Hebrew means "happy" or "blessed." Asher was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Jacob's eighth son by Zilpah, Leah's maidservant. Historically, the tribe of Asher was known for its rich land, abundant in olive oil, which was a significant resource in ancient Israel. The blessing of Moses in Deuteronomy 33:24 highlights Asher's prosperity: "Most blessed of sons is Asher; let him be favored by his brothers, and let him dip his foot in oil." This portioning of land to Asher in Ezekiel's vision signifies a restoration of the tribe's inheritance, reflecting God's faithfulness to His promises.

will have one portion
The phrase "will have one portion" indicates a specific allotment of land. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, this allocation is part of the prophetic restoration of Israel. The division of land among the tribes symbolizes God's order and justice, ensuring each tribe receives its rightful inheritance. This reflects the biblical principle of divine providence and the fulfillment of God's covenant with the patriarchs, where each tribe is assured a place in the Promised Land.

bordering the territory of Dan
"Bordering the territory of Dan" situates Asher's portion geographically next to Dan. The tribe of Dan, named after Jacob's fifth son, was known for its struggles with idolatry, as seen in Judges 18. However, in Ezekiel's vision, Dan is restored alongside the other tribes, signifying redemption and unity among God's people. The proximity of Asher to Dan in this allocation underscores the theme of reconciliation and the harmonious coexistence of the tribes in the renewed land.

from east to west
The phrase "from east to west" describes the orientation of Asher's territory. This east-to-west alignment is consistent with the layout of the tribal lands in Ezekiel's vision, emphasizing order and symmetry. In biblical symbolism, the east often represents the direction of God's presence, as seen in the Garden of Eden and the entrance to the Tabernacle. The west, conversely, can symbolize the end of a journey or the setting of the sun. Together, this orientation from east to west may symbolize the completeness and inclusivity of God's plan for His people, encompassing all directions and aspects of life.

Naphtali
The name "Naphtali" refers to one of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Naphtali, the sixth son of Jacob and the second son of Bilhah, Rachel's maidservant. In Hebrew, Naphtali means "my struggle" or "wrestling," reflecting the circumstances of his birth (Genesis 30:8). Historically, the tribe of Naphtali settled in the northern region of Canaan, an area known for its fertile land and strategic location. This allocation of land in Ezekiel's vision signifies restoration and hope for the tribe, emphasizing God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to the descendants of Jacob.

will have one portion
The phrase "will have one portion" indicates a specific allotment of land designated for the tribe of Naphtali. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, this allocation is part of a larger divine plan for the reorganization and restoration of Israel. The concept of "portion" in Hebrew (חֵלֶק, cheleq) often implies a share or inheritance, underscoring the idea that each tribe receives a divinely ordained inheritance. This reflects God's sovereignty and His meticulous care in ensuring that each tribe has its rightful place in the Promised Land.

bordering the territory of Asher
The phrase "bordering the territory of Asher" highlights the geographical relationship between the tribes of Naphtali and Asher. Asher, another of the twelve tribes, was known for its rich olive groves and fertile lands. The Hebrew word for "bordering" (גָּבַל, gaval) suggests a boundary or limit, indicating the precise demarcation of tribal territories. This careful delineation of borders in Ezekiel's vision symbolizes order and harmony among the tribes, reflecting God's desire for unity and peace within His people.

from east to west
The phrase "from east to west" describes the orientation of Naphtali's portion, stretching across the land in a horizontal direction. This east-to-west alignment is significant in biblical geography, as it often represents completeness and balance. In the Hebrew mindset, directions held symbolic meanings, with the east associated with beginnings and the west with endings. Thus, this phrase may imply the fullness of God's provision and the comprehensive nature of His restoration plan for Israel. It serves as a reminder of God's eternal presence and His unchanging promises to His people.

Manasseh
The name "Manasseh" is derived from the Hebrew root "נשה" (nashah), meaning "to forget." Manasseh was the firstborn son of Joseph, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. Historically, the tribe of Manasseh was known for its significant size and influence, receiving a large portion of land on both sides of the Jordan River. This allocation reflects God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to the descendants of Joseph, emphasizing the importance of heritage and divine providence in the distribution of the land.

will have one portion
The phrase "will have one portion" indicates a specific allotment of land designated for the tribe of Manasseh. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, this allocation is part of a larger, divinely orchestrated plan for the restoration and reorganization of Israel. The concept of "portion" in Hebrew, "חלק" (cheleq), often signifies a share or inheritance, underscoring the idea that each tribe's inheritance is a gift from God, meant to sustain and bless them.

bordering the territory of Naphtali
"Bordering the territory of Naphtali" situates Manasseh's portion geographically next to the tribe of Naphtali. Naphtali, another son of Jacob, was known for its fertile land and strategic location. The proximity of these territories highlights the interconnectedness of the tribes and the unity of the nation of Israel. Historically, the tribes were meant to support and complement each other, fostering a sense of community and shared purpose.

from east to west
The phrase "from east to west" describes the orientation of Manasseh's territory, stretching across the land. This east-to-west alignment is significant in biblical symbolism, often representing completeness and universality. It reflects the comprehensive nature of God's plan for His people, ensuring that each tribe has a place within the promised land. This directional description also emphasizes the vastness and inclusivity of God's provision, reminding believers of His boundless grace and the promise of a future restoration.

Ephraim
The name "Ephraim" is derived from the Hebrew root "פרה" (parah), meaning "to be fruitful." Ephraim was one of the sons of Joseph, and his name signifies the blessing of fruitfulness and multiplication. In the context of Ezekiel, Ephraim represents one of the tribes of Israel, symbolizing the continuation of God's promise to Abraham about his descendants being numerous. Historically, Ephraim was a dominant tribe in the Northern Kingdom of Israel, often representing the whole kingdom. This allocation of land signifies a restoration and a return to the covenantal promises.

will have one portion
The phrase "will have one portion" indicates a specific allotment of land. In the Hebrew context, land was not just a physical space but a divine inheritance. Each tribe receiving a portion signifies God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to the patriarchs. The division of land among the tribes is a theme that echoes the original distribution in the book of Joshua, symbolizing a new beginning and a restored order under God's sovereignty.

bordering the territory of Manasseh
The word "bordering" suggests a shared boundary, indicating unity and continuity between the tribes. Manasseh, like Ephraim, was a son of Joseph, and their territories being adjacent reflects their familial connection. Historically, the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh were closely linked, often working together. This geographical proximity in Ezekiel's vision underscores the theme of reconciliation and unity among God's people, a return to the ideal of brotherhood and cooperation.

from east to west
This phrase describes the extent of the territory, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of the land distribution. The east-to-west orientation is significant in biblical symbolism, often representing completeness and universality. In the ancient Near Eastern context, such descriptions were used to convey the idea of a full and abundant inheritance. This directional language also reflects the orderly and purposeful nature of God's plan for His people, ensuring that each tribe receives its rightful place in the promised land.

Asher
The name "Asher" in Hebrew means "happy" or "blessed." Asher was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Jacob's eighth son by Zilpah, Leah's maidservant. Historically, the tribe of Asher was known for its rich land, abundant in olive oil, which was a significant resource in ancient Israel. The blessing of Moses in Deuteronomy 33:24 highlights Asher's prosperity: "Most blessed of sons is Asher; let him be favored by his brothers, and let him dip his foot in oil." This portioning of land to Asher signifies God's continued blessing and provision for the tribe, ensuring their place in the Promised Land.

will have one portion
The phrase "will have one portion" indicates the allocation of land to the tribe of Asher. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, this distribution is part of a divine plan for the restoration of Israel. The "one portion" signifies equality and fairness in the distribution of the land among the tribes, reflecting God's justice and order. Each tribe receives a specific inheritance, emphasizing the importance of unity and shared heritage among God's people.

bordering the territory of Naphtali
"Bordering the territory of Naphtali" situates Asher's land in relation to Naphtali, another tribe of Israel. Naphtali, descended from Jacob's sixth son by Bilhah, Rachel's maidservant, was known for its warriors and swift deer-like agility, as noted in Genesis 49:21. The proximity of Asher to Naphtali suggests a relationship of cooperation and mutual support between the tribes. This geographical arrangement underscores the interconnectedness of the tribes and the importance of maintaining harmonious relationships within the community of Israel.

from east to west
The phrase "from east to west" describes the orientation of Asher's territory, stretching across the land. This east-to-west alignment is significant in biblical symbolism, often representing completeness and universality. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, it reflects the comprehensive nature of God's plan for His people, encompassing all directions and ensuring that each tribe has access to the resources and blessings of the land. This orientation also highlights the inclusivity of God's covenant, extending His promises to all corners of the nation.

Judah
The name "Judah" originates from the Hebrew "Yehudah," meaning "praise" or "thanksgiving." Judah was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Jacob's fourth son with Leah. Historically, Judah held a prominent position among the tribes, being the tribe from which King David and ultimately Jesus Christ descended. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, Judah's allocation of land signifies its continued importance and the fulfillment of God's promises to preserve the lineage through which the Messiah would come.

will have one portion
The phrase "will have one portion" indicates a specific allotment of land designated for the tribe of Judah. In the Hebrew context, the word for "portion" is "ḥēleq," which can mean a share or inheritance. This reflects the ancient practice of dividing land among tribes as an inheritance from God, emphasizing the divine order and provision. It underscores the idea that each tribe has a unique and divinely appointed place within the promised land, symbolizing God's faithfulness to His covenant.

bordering the territory of Reuben
"Bordering the territory of Reuben" situates Judah geographically next to Reuben, another tribe of Israel. Reuben was the firstborn of Jacob, and his tribe's territory was traditionally located east of the Jordan River. The Hebrew word for "bordering" is "ʿal," which implies adjacency or proximity. This arrangement reflects the unity and interconnectedness of the tribes, despite their distinct identities. It also serves as a reminder of the historical and familial ties between the tribes, as they are all descendants of Jacob.

from east to west
The phrase "from east to west" describes the orientation of Judah's portion, stretching across the land. This east-to-west alignment is significant in biblical geography, as it often symbolizes completeness and universality. The Hebrew words "mimmizrach" (from the east) and "ma'arav" (to the west) suggest a comprehensive span, indicating that Judah's inheritance is both expansive and integral to the land's overall layout. This orientation also reflects the broader biblical theme of God's sovereignty over all directions and His encompassing plan for His people.

Bordering the territory of Judah
This phrase indicates the geographical positioning of the land allocation. Judah, historically significant as the tribe from which King David and ultimately Jesus Christ descended, represents a place of leadership and blessing. The Hebrew root for "bordering" (גָּבַל, gābal) suggests a defined boundary, emphasizing the order and divine planning in the distribution of the land. This reflects God's sovereignty and meticulous care in the inheritance of His people, ensuring that each tribe receives its rightful portion.

from east to west
This directional phrase signifies the comprehensive span of the land, symbolizing completeness and universality. In biblical symbolism, the east often represents beginnings or origins, as the sun rises in the east, while the west can symbolize the end or fulfillment. This phrase underscores the idea that God's promises and provisions extend across the entirety of His creation, from beginning to end, encompassing all His people.

will be the portion you are to set apart
The "portion" (חֵלֶק, ḥēleq) refers to a designated inheritance or allotment. The act of setting apart (קָדַשׁ, qādash) is deeply rooted in the concept of holiness and consecration. This indicates that the land is not just a physical inheritance but a sacred space dedicated to the Lord. It serves as a reminder of the Israelites' covenant relationship with God, where they are called to live as a holy nation, distinct and devoted to His purposes.

25,000 cubits wide
The specific measurement of "25,000 cubits" highlights the precision and intentionality in God's instructions. A cubit, an ancient unit of length, reflects the practical aspects of land division. This precise measurement ensures fairness and equality among the tribes, demonstrating God's justice and order. It also signifies the abundance of God's provision, as the land is ample enough to sustain His people.

and as long as one of the tribal portions
This phrase indicates that the length of this portion is equivalent to that of the other tribal allocations. It reinforces the idea of equality and fairness in the distribution of the land. Each tribe receives a portion that is both sufficient and equitable, reflecting God's impartiality and His desire for unity among His people.

with the sanctuary in the center
The central placement of the sanctuary (מִקְדָּשׁ, miqdāsh) is profoundly significant. It symbolizes the presence of God dwelling among His people, serving as the focal point of worship and community life. The sanctuary's centrality underscores the theological truth that God should be at the heart of His people's lives, guiding and sustaining them. This arrangement reflects the ultimate hope of God's kingdom, where His presence is fully realized and His people live in harmony with Him and one another.

The special portion
This phrase refers to a designated area set apart for a sacred purpose. In the Hebrew context, the word used here is "terumah," which means an offering or a contribution. This indicates that the land is not just any land but is consecrated and dedicated to God. Historically, this reflects the practice of setting aside offerings for the Lord, emphasizing the importance of dedicating the best and most sacred parts of our lives to God.

that you set apart
The act of setting apart is significant in biblical terms, often denoting sanctification or holiness. The Hebrew root "badal" means to divide or separate, underscoring the intentionality behind this action. This separation is not just physical but spiritual, symbolizing a life set apart for God's purposes. It calls believers to live distinctively, reflecting God's holiness in their daily lives.

to the LORD
This phrase highlights the ultimate recipient of the special portion. The use of "LORD" in all caps in the BSB signifies the divine name YHWH, the covenant name of God. It reminds us of the personal relationship between God and His people, and the covenantal faithfulness that God expects in return. This dedication to the LORD is a reminder of our commitment to Him, acknowledging His sovereignty and lordship over all aspects of life.

will be eight and a quarter miles long
The specific measurement here, translated from the Hebrew "ten thousand cubits," reflects the precision and orderliness of God's plans. It shows that God is a God of order, not chaos, and that He has specific plans and purposes for His people. This measurement also indicates the vastness of the portion, symbolizing the abundance and generosity of God's provision.

and three and a third miles wide
Similarly, this measurement, translated from "five thousand cubits," further emphasizes the detailed nature of God's instructions. It serves as a reminder that God cares about the details of our lives and that His plans are comprehensive. The width of the land signifies the breadth of God's grace and the inclusivity of His kingdom, inviting all to partake in His blessings.

This will be the holy portion for the priests
The phrase "holy portion" signifies a set-apart area, dedicated exclusively for the priests, who are the mediators between God and His people. In Hebrew, "holy" is "qodesh," which implies something sacred, consecrated, and distinct from the common. This allocation underscores the importance of holiness in the service of God, reminding us that those who serve Him must be set apart, living lives that reflect His purity and righteousness.

It will be 25,000 cubits long on the north side
The specific measurement of "25,000 cubits" indicates a substantial area, emphasizing the significance and honor bestowed upon the priestly class. A cubit, traditionally the length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger, was a common ancient measurement. The precision of these dimensions reflects God's order and intentionality, reminding us that He is a God of detail and purpose.

10,000 cubits wide on the west side
The "10,000 cubits wide" on the west side continues the theme of divine precision. The west side, often associated with the setting sun, can symbolize the end of a day or era. In this context, it may represent the completion of God's promises and the fulfillment of His covenant with His people, as the priests serve in this designated holy space.

10,000 cubits wide on the east side
Similarly, the "10,000 cubits wide" on the east side holds significance. The east, where the sun rises, often symbolizes new beginnings and hope. This measurement could represent the renewal and restoration that comes from God's presence, as the priests minister in this sacred area, bringing light and life to the community.

25,000 cubits long on the south side
The repetition of "25,000 cubits long" on the south side reinforces the idea of completeness and balance in God's design. The south, associated with warmth and growth, may symbolize the flourishing of God's people under His care. This measurement highlights the abundance and provision found in God's ordained order.

The sanctuary of the LORD will be in the center of it
The "sanctuary of the LORD" being at the center signifies the centrality of God's presence among His people. In Hebrew, "sanctuary" is "miqdash," meaning a holy place or dwelling. This central location underscores the idea that God is the focal point of worship and life. It serves as a powerful reminder that our lives should revolve around Him, with His presence guiding and sustaining us in all things.

It will belong to the priests
This phrase indicates a specific allocation of land or privilege to a distinct group within the Israelite community. The Hebrew word for "priests" is "כֹּהֲנִים" (kohanim), which refers to those set apart for sacred duties. Historically, priests were intermediaries between God and the people, responsible for performing sacrifices and maintaining the temple. This allocation underscores the importance of their role and the divine provision for those who serve God faithfully.

who are consecrated
The term "consecrated" comes from the Hebrew "קָדַשׁ" (qadash), meaning to be set apart or made holy. This highlights the sanctification process that the priests underwent, signifying their purity and dedication to God's service. In a broader spiritual context, it serves as a reminder of the call to holiness for all believers, emphasizing the need for a life set apart for God's purposes.

from the sons of Zadok
Zadok was a priest during the time of King David and Solomon, known for his loyalty and righteousness. The "sons of Zadok" refers to his descendants, who were chosen for their faithfulness. This lineage is significant because it represents a continuation of a faithful priesthood, contrasting with others who may have faltered. The historical context here is crucial, as it reflects God's reward for steadfastness and integrity in leadership.

who kept My charge
The phrase "kept My charge" implies obedience and faithfulness to God's commands. The Hebrew word "מִשְׁמֶרֶת" (mishmeret) can be translated as "duty" or "charge," indicating a responsibility entrusted by God. This highlights the importance of adhering to divine instructions and the blessings that follow such obedience. It serves as an encouragement for believers to remain steadfast in their commitments to God.

and did not go astray
To "go astray" is to deviate from the path of righteousness. The Hebrew root "תָּעָה" (ta'ah) means to wander or err. This phrase contrasts the sons of Zadok with those who were unfaithful, emphasizing the value of remaining true to God's ways. It serves as a warning against the dangers of spiritual complacency and the importance of vigilance in one's faith journey.

as the Levites did
The Levites were a tribe set apart for religious duties, yet here they are noted for having gone astray. This serves as a sobering reminder that even those in positions of spiritual leadership are susceptible to failure. It underscores the need for accountability and the continual pursuit of holiness, regardless of one's role or status.

when the Israelites went astray
This phrase places the Levites' unfaithfulness within the broader context of Israel's history of rebellion. The collective turning away from God serves as a backdrop for the faithfulness of the sons of Zadok. It highlights the cyclical nature of sin and redemption in the biblical narrative and calls believers to learn from past mistakes, striving for a closer walk with God.

It will be a special portion for them
This phrase refers to the allocation of land specifically designated for the priests, the sons of Zadok, who remained faithful to God during Israel's apostasy. The Hebrew word for "special" here is "terumah," which often denotes an offering or contribution set apart for sacred purposes. This highlights the sanctity and honor bestowed upon the priests, emphasizing their unique role in maintaining the spiritual integrity of the nation. Historically, this allocation underscores the importance of the priesthood in Israel's religious life, serving as a reminder of God's faithfulness to those who remain true to Him.

set apart from the land
The concept of being "set apart" is central to the identity of the people of God. The Hebrew term "badal" conveys the idea of separation for a divine purpose. This separation signifies holiness, a recurring theme throughout the Bible, where God's people are called to be distinct from the surrounding nations. Archaeologically, this separation is reflected in the distinct living arrangements and practices of the Israelites compared to their neighbors, reinforcing their identity as a people chosen by God.

a most holy portion
The phrase "most holy" translates from the Hebrew "qodesh ha-qodashim," which is often used to describe the innermost sanctum of the temple, the Holy of Holies. This indicates the highest level of sanctity, reserved for God's presence. By designating this land as "most holy," it elevates the status of the priests' inheritance, aligning it with the sacredness of the temple itself. This serves as a powerful reminder of the holiness required of those who serve God and the reverence due to His dwelling place.

adjacent to the territory of the Levites
The proximity to the Levites' territory signifies the interconnectedness of the priestly and Levitical roles within Israel's religious framework. The Levites, responsible for assisting the priests and maintaining the temple, share a close relationship with the priesthood. This arrangement reflects the cooperative nature of their service to God. Historically, this spatial arrangement within the land allocation underscores the organized structure of Israelite society, where each tribe and group had specific roles and responsibilities, all contributing to the worship and service of God.

Alongside the territory of the priests
This phrase indicates a close proximity and relationship between the Levites and the priests, emphasizing the unity and cooperation required in the service of God. In the Hebrew context, the word for "territory" (חֵלֶק, chelek) can also mean "portion" or "inheritance," signifying a divinely appointed space. Historically, the priests and Levites worked together in the temple, with the priests performing sacrifices and the Levites assisting in various duties. This allocation reflects God's order and structure within His chosen people, ensuring that each group has its designated role and space.

the Levites will have an allotment
The Levites, descendants of Levi, were set apart for service to God, but unlike the priests, they did not perform sacrifices. Instead, they were responsible for the care of the tabernacle and later the temple, as well as teaching the law. The Hebrew word for "allotment" (מִנְחָה, minchah) can also mean "gift" or "offering," underscoring that their portion is a divine provision. This allocation is a reminder of God's faithfulness in providing for those who serve Him, ensuring that they have a place and resources to fulfill their duties.

25,000 cubits long and 10,000 cubits wide
The specific dimensions given here highlight the precision and orderliness of God's plans. A cubit, an ancient measurement roughly equivalent to 18 inches, was used to ensure uniformity in construction and land division. The repetition of these dimensions underscores the importance of the Levites' role and the sufficiency of their provision. It also reflects the broader biblical theme of God as a God of order, who establishes boundaries and roles for His people.

The whole length will be 25,000 cubits and the width 10,000 cubits
This reiteration of the dimensions serves to emphasize the completeness and sufficiency of the Levites' inheritance. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, these measurements are part of a larger, divinely ordained plan for the restoration and organization of Israel. The repetition also serves as a reminder of God's meticulous care and provision for His people, ensuring that each tribe and group has its rightful place and resources. This reflects the broader biblical principle that God is a provider who meets the needs of His people according to His perfect plan.

They must not sell or exchange any of it
This phrase emphasizes the inviolability of the land designated for the priests. The Hebrew root for "sell" (מָכַר, makhar) and "exchange" (חָלַף, chalaph) suggests a prohibition against any form of commercial transaction. In ancient Israel, land was not merely a commodity but a divine inheritance. The land's sanctity is underscored by its divine allocation, reflecting God's covenantal promises to His people. This commandment serves as a reminder of the Israelites' stewardship under God's sovereignty, where the land is a sacred trust rather than a personal asset.

and they must not transfer
The Hebrew word for "transfer" (עָבַר, avar) implies a movement or passing over, which in this context means transferring ownership or control. This prohibition reinforces the idea that the land's sanctity is non-negotiable. Historically, land transfers could lead to the erosion of tribal boundaries and the loss of identity. By forbidding such transfers, God ensures the preservation of the land's holiness and the integrity of the priestly service.

this best part of the land
The phrase "best part" (מִבְחַר, mibchar) indicates a portion of superior quality, set apart for a special purpose. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, this refers to the land allocated to the priests, which is considered the choicest portion due to its proximity to the temple. This allocation reflects the principle that those who serve God are provided for with the finest resources, symbolizing God's provision and the honor due to His service.

for it is holy to the LORD
The term "holy" (קָדוֹשׁ, qadosh) signifies something set apart, consecrated, and dedicated to God. The holiness of the land is not inherent but derived from its dedication to the LORD. This holiness demands respect and careful stewardship, as it is a tangible representation of God's presence and covenant with His people. The land's sanctity serves as a constant reminder of the Israelites' relationship with God, calling them to live in accordance with His statutes and to honor His divine order.

The remaining area, 5,000 cubits wide and 25,000 cubits long, will be for common use by the city, for houses and pastureland. The city will be in the center of it
The remaining area
This phrase refers to the portion of land that is set apart after the allotment for the sanctuary and the priests. In Hebrew, the word for "remaining" is "yether," which implies something left over or surplus. This indicates God's provision and order, ensuring that every aspect of the community's needs is met, including the practical and communal aspects of life.

5,000 cubits wide and 25,000 cubits long
The specific dimensions given here highlight the precision and intentionality in God's plans. A cubit, an ancient measurement, is approximately 18 inches or 45 centimeters. The use of exact measurements underscores the importance of order and structure in God's kingdom. It reflects the divine nature of God's plans, which are both meticulous and purposeful.

will be for common use by the city
This phrase emphasizes the communal aspect of the land. The Hebrew word for "common" is "chol," which can mean profane or ordinary, but in this context, it signifies something set apart for the everyday life of the people. It highlights the balance between the sacred and the secular, showing that God cares for all aspects of human life, not just the spiritual.

for houses and pastureland
This indicates that the land is designated for both residential and agricultural purposes. The provision for "houses" suggests stability and community, while "pastureland" implies sustenance and livelihood. This dual purpose reflects God's holistic care for His people, providing for both their physical and social needs.

The city will be in the center of it
The centrality of the city signifies its importance as the heart of the community. In ancient times, cities were often centers of culture, commerce, and governance. By placing the city at the center, it becomes a focal point for unity and identity among the people. This central position also symbolizes God's presence and His desire to be at the center of His people's lives, guiding and sustaining them.

and these shall be its measurements
This phrase introduces the precise dimensions of the city, emphasizing the importance of order and structure in God's design. The Hebrew word for "measurements" is "middah," which signifies a standard or rule. In a spiritual sense, this reflects God's unchanging standards and the divine order He establishes for His people. It reminds us that God is a God of precision and purpose, and His plans are meticulously crafted.

the north side will be four thousand five hundred cubits
The north side's measurement is significant in its uniformity with the other sides, symbolizing equality and balance. The "cubit" is an ancient unit of length, approximately 18 inches or 45 centimeters, derived from the length of the forearm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. This measurement underscores the vastness and grandeur of the city, reflecting God's abundant provision and the expansive nature of His kingdom. The north, often associated with God's judgment and power in biblical literature, here signifies protection and strength.

the south side four thousand five hundred cubits
The south side mirrors the north in its dimensions, reinforcing the theme of symmetry and harmony. In biblical symbolism, the south often represents warmth, growth, and blessing, as it is associated with the direction of the sun's path. This measurement can be seen as a metaphor for the nurturing and life-giving aspects of God's presence within the city, ensuring that His people are sustained and blessed.

the east side four thousand five hundred cubits
The east side's measurement is consistent with the other sides, highlighting the city's perfect square shape. The east holds significant biblical symbolism, often representing new beginnings, resurrection, and the coming of the Messiah, as the sun rises in the east. This direction is also associated with the Garden of Eden and the entrance to the Tabernacle, symbolizing access to God's presence and the hope of restoration and renewal.

and the west side four thousand five hundred cubits
The west side completes the city's symmetrical design, emphasizing completeness and wholeness. In biblical terms, the west is often seen as the direction of the sea and the setting sun, symbolizing the end of a journey or the conclusion of a day. This measurement can be interpreted as a reminder of God's eternal nature and the promise of rest and peace for His people at the end of their earthly journey.

The city will have open land
This phrase indicates a designated space surrounding the city, which is set apart for a specific purpose. In the Hebrew context, the term for "open land" (מִגְרָשׁ, migrash) often refers to pasture lands or common lands surrounding a city. This open land serves as a buffer zone, providing space for agriculture, grazing, and possibly for the city's defense. It reflects God's provision for the community's sustenance and security, ensuring that the city is not only a place of dwelling but also a place of productivity and protection.

250 cubits
The use of "cubits" as a measurement reflects the ancient Near Eastern practice of using the human body as a standard for measurement, with a cubit being roughly the length of a forearm, about 18 inches or 45 centimeters. The specific measurement of 250 cubits in each direction signifies a precise and divinely ordained boundary. This precision underscores the orderliness and intentionality of God's design for His people. It also highlights the importance of boundaries in maintaining the sanctity and functionality of the city, ensuring that the community remains distinct and set apart for God's purposes.

to the north, 250 cubits to the south, 250 cubits to the east, and 250 cubits to the west
The repetition of the measurement in each cardinal direction emphasizes the completeness and symmetry of the city's layout. This balanced distribution of open land around the city symbolizes fairness and equality, reflecting God's just nature. It also suggests a holistic approach to community planning, where every side of the city is equally valued and provided for. Historically, such a layout would facilitate access and movement, promoting unity and cohesion within the community. Spiritually, it can be seen as a metaphor for the all-encompassing nature of God's care and provision, extending in every direction and aspect of life.

The remainder of the length
This phrase refers to the portion of land that is left after the initial allotments have been made. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, this is part of the detailed description of the division of the land among the tribes of Israel. The Hebrew word for "remainder" (יֶתֶר, yether) often implies something left over or surplus, indicating God's provision is abundant and sufficient for all needs. Historically, this reflects the meticulous care in ensuring that every tribe receives its due inheritance, symbolizing God's fairness and order.

alongside the holy portion
The "holy portion" refers to the sacred land set apart for the priests and the temple, emphasizing the centrality of worship and God's presence among His people. The Hebrew term for "holy" (קֹדֶשׁ, qodesh) signifies something consecrated or set apart for divine purposes. This highlights the importance of holiness and the need for the community to live in proximity to God's sanctified space, reminding believers of the call to live lives set apart for God.

shall be 10,000 cubits
The measurement of "10,000 cubits" underscores the precision and intentionality in God's plans. A cubit, an ancient unit of length, is approximately 18 inches or 45 centimeters. This specific measurement indicates a substantial area, reflecting God's generous provision. It also serves as a reminder of the order and structure inherent in God's creation and His plans for His people.

eastward
The direction "eastward" is significant in biblical symbolism. The east often represents beginnings, as the sun rises in the east, symbolizing new opportunities and hope. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, it may also point to the direction from which God's glory returns to the temple (Ezekiel 43:2), suggesting a restoration and renewal for the people of Israel.

and 10,000 westward
Similarly, the "10,000 westward" balances the allocation of land, ensuring equity and fairness. The west, where the sun sets, can symbolize completion and fulfillment. This directional balance in the land's division reflects God's comprehensive plan for His people, ensuring that all aspects of life are covered under His sovereign care.

it shall be like the portions
This phrase indicates that the remainder of the land is to be treated with the same care and consideration as the other portions. The Hebrew word for "like" (כְּ, ke) suggests similarity or equivalence, emphasizing that every part of God's provision is valuable and significant. This equality in distribution underscores the biblical principle of justice and fairness, reminding believers of God's impartiality and righteousness.

for the city
The mention of "the city" refers to the urban center that will be established, likely Jerusalem, which holds a central place in Israel's identity and worship. The city is not just a physical location but a symbol of community, governance, and the presence of God among His people. It serves as a reminder of the ultimate city of God, the New Jerusalem, where believers will dwell eternally with the Lord.

The workers from the city
This phrase indicates a group of people who are actively engaged in labor. In the Hebrew context, the word for "workers" (עֹבְדֵי) suggests those who serve or work diligently. The city here refers to the holy city, Jerusalem, which is central to the Israelites' identity and worship. Historically, Jerusalem was not only a spiritual center but also a hub of activity and governance. The workers symbolize the collective effort of the community in maintaining and cultivating the land, reflecting a unity of purpose among the people of God.

who cultivate it
The act of cultivation (עָבַד) in Hebrew implies not just physical labor but also stewardship and care. This reflects the biblical principle of humans as caretakers of God's creation, a theme that runs throughout Scripture from Genesis onward. Cultivation is both a literal and metaphorical act, representing the nurturing of both land and spiritual life. In the context of Ezekiel, it signifies the restoration and renewal of the land and the people after exile, a hopeful promise of God's faithfulness and provision.

will come from all the tribes of Israel
This phrase emphasizes inclusivity and unity among the tribes of Israel. Historically, the twelve tribes were often divided, but this vision of workers coming from all tribes signifies a reunification and collective identity under God's covenant. Theologically, it points to the fulfillment of God's promises to Abraham and his descendants, highlighting the restoration of Israel as a whole. This unity is a foretaste of the ultimate gathering of God's people, a theme echoed in the New Testament with the inclusion of all nations in God's redemptive plan.

The entire portion
This phrase refers to the designated area set aside for sacred purposes. In the Hebrew context, the word for "portion" (חֵלֶק, cheleq) often implies a division or allotment, suggesting a deliberate and divine allocation of land. This reflects God's sovereignty in distributing the land among the tribes of Israel, emphasizing His authority and the sacredness of His plans.

will be a square
The shape of a square symbolizes perfection, balance, and completeness in biblical literature. The Hebrew word for "square" (רָבוּעַ, rabu'a) indicates a geometric precision that reflects God's order and harmony. This design underscores the divine nature of the holy portion, as it mirrors the perfection of God's creation and His desire for order in worship and community life.

25,000 cubits by 25,000 cubits
The measurement of 25,000 cubits (approximately 7.5 miles or 12 kilometers) on each side signifies a substantial area dedicated to holiness. The use of the cubit, an ancient unit of length based on the forearm's length, connects this measurement to the human body, symbolizing the relationship between God and humanity. The repetition of the number 25,000 emphasizes the magnitude and importance of this holy space, reflecting God's abundant provision and the vastness of His kingdom.

you are to set apart
The act of setting apart (קָדַשׁ, qadash) is a recurring biblical theme, denoting sanctification and consecration. This command highlights the necessity of distinguishing the sacred from the profane, a principle central to Israel's identity as a holy nation. It calls believers to recognize and respect the boundaries God establishes for worship and community, reminding them of their calling to be set apart for His purposes.

the holy portion
The "holy portion" (קֹדֶשׁ, qodesh) refers to the land designated for the temple and the priests. This term underscores the sanctity and divine purpose of the area, reserved for worship and service to God. It serves as a physical representation of God's presence among His people, a place where heaven and earth meet, and where the community can encounter the divine.

along with the city property
The inclusion of "city property" (עִיר, 'ir) alongside the holy portion indicates the integration of sacred and communal life. This phrase suggests that the city, representing the people and their daily lives, is to be closely connected to the holy space. It reflects the biblical vision of a society where worship and community are intertwined, and where God's presence permeates every aspect of life. This integration serves as a reminder that holiness is not confined to the temple but extends into the broader community, calling believers to live out their faith in every sphere of life.

The remainder on both sides of the holy portion and the city’s property
This phrase refers to the land allocation described in Ezekiel's vision of the new division of the land among the tribes of Israel. The "holy portion" is a central area set apart for the sanctuary, the priests, and the Levites. The Hebrew word for "holy" is "qodesh," which signifies something set apart for sacred use. This reflects God's desire for a dedicated space for worship and service, emphasizing the importance of holiness in the life of the community. The "city's property" refers to the land designated for the city of Jerusalem, highlighting the centrality of the city in God's plan for His people.

will belong to the prince
The "prince" in Ezekiel's vision is a leader who is distinct from the priests and Levites. The Hebrew term "nasi" is used here, which can mean a leader or ruler. This prince is not a king in the traditional sense but a leader who serves under God's authority. This reflects a future hope for a righteous leadership that aligns with God's will, contrasting with the corrupt leadership that led to Israel's exile.

extending from the eastern border to the western border
This phrase describes the geographical extent of the land allocated to the prince. The mention of "eastern" and "western" borders indicates a comprehensive inclusion of the land, symbolizing completeness and the fulfillment of God's promises. The east-west orientation is significant in biblical symbolism, often representing the full scope of God's creation and His sovereign rule over all the earth.

parallel to the tribal portions
The land for the prince runs "parallel" to the portions given to the tribes of Israel. This parallel arrangement signifies equality and order in the distribution of the land. It reflects God's justice and fairness in providing for all His people, ensuring that each tribe receives its inheritance according to His divine plan.

and extending from the eastern border to the western border
The repetition of this phrase emphasizes the vastness and inclusivity of the land. It underscores the idea that God's provision is abundant and sufficient for all His people. The east-west axis also serves as a reminder of God's eternal presence, as the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, symbolizing the continuity of His covenant with Israel.

So the property of the Levites and the property of the city will lie in the middle of the area belonging to the prince
So the property of the Levites
The Levites, descendants of Levi, were set apart for religious duties and service to God. In the Hebrew context, "property" (nachalah) signifies an inheritance or possession. The Levites traditionally did not receive a land inheritance like the other tribes, as their inheritance was the Lord Himself (Numbers 18:20). However, in Ezekiel's vision, they are granted a specific portion of land, symbolizing God's provision and the restoration of their role in the new order. This allocation underscores the importance of spiritual leadership and service in the community.

and the property of the city
The "city" here refers to the holy city, Jerusalem, which holds significant spiritual and historical importance as the center of worship and governance. The Hebrew term for "city" (ir) often denotes a place of gathering and community. The city's property being mentioned alongside the Levites' indicates a harmonious relationship between civic and religious life, reflecting God's design for a society where His presence and principles permeate all aspects of life.

will lie in the middle of the area
The phrase "in the middle" (betokh) suggests centrality and prominence. This positioning signifies the central role of worship and governance in the life of the nation. It reflects the idea that God should be at the center of the community, influencing all decisions and actions. The central location also implies accessibility, ensuring that the spiritual and civic leaders are within reach of the people they serve.

belonging to the prince
The "prince" (nasi) in Ezekiel's vision is a leader who represents both political and spiritual authority. Unlike kings who often abused power, this prince is envisioned as a righteous leader who upholds God's laws and serves the people. The land belonging to the prince surrounding the Levites and the city symbolizes a protective and supportive role, ensuring that the spiritual and civic functions are safeguarded and flourish under his leadership. This arrangement highlights the ideal of servant leadership, where authority is exercised for the benefit of the community and in alignment with divine principles.

As for the rest of the tribes
This phrase indicates a continuation and completion of the allocation of land among the tribes of Israel. In the context of Ezekiel 48, the prophet is detailing the division of the land in the future restoration of Israel. The Hebrew word for "tribes" is "שְׁבָטִים" (shevatim), which refers to the distinct family groups descending from the sons of Jacob. This division underscores God's faithfulness to His covenant promises, ensuring that each tribe receives its inheritance.

Benjamin
The tribe of Benjamin holds a unique place in Israel's history. Named after Jacob's youngest son, Benjamin was the only son born in the Promised Land. The Hebrew name "בִּנְיָמִין" (Binyamin) means "son of the right hand," symbolizing favor and strength. Historically, the tribe of Benjamin was known for its warriors and played a significant role in Israel's monarchy, being the tribe of King Saul. In the prophetic vision of Ezekiel, Benjamin's portion signifies restoration and honor, reflecting God's redemptive plan for all tribes.

will have one portion
The allocation of "one portion" to each tribe emphasizes equality and fairness in God's kingdom. The Hebrew word for "portion" is "חֵלֶק" (chelek), which can also mean inheritance or share. This distribution is not based on merit but on divine grace, reminding believers of the spiritual inheritance promised to all who are in Christ. It reflects the unity and diversity within the body of Christ, where each member has a unique role and blessing.

extending from the east side to the west side
This phrase describes the geographical boundaries of Benjamin's inheritance. The east-to-west orientation signifies completeness and balance, as the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. In biblical symbolism, the east often represents new beginnings and divine intervention, while the west can symbolize fulfillment and rest. This directional allocation highlights the comprehensive nature of God's provision and the harmonious order in His kingdom. It serves as a reminder of the eternal hope and peace found in God's promises, stretching across the entirety of life and creation.

Benjamin will have one portion
The tribe of Benjamin, named after Jacob's youngest son, holds a significant place in Israel's history. The Hebrew root for "Benjamin" (בִּנְיָמִין) means "son of the right hand," symbolizing favor and strength. Historically, Benjamin was a small but influential tribe, producing notable figures like King Saul and the Apostle Paul. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, the allocation of land to Benjamin signifies restoration and inclusion in God's covenant promises. This portion represents God's faithfulness to His people, ensuring each tribe receives its inheritance, reflecting divine order and justice.

it will extend from the east side to the west side
This phrase describes the geographical boundaries of Benjamin's allotted land. The east-to-west orientation signifies completeness and balance, as it spans the full breadth of the land. In Hebrew culture, directions often carry symbolic meanings; the east is associated with beginnings and the west with endings. Thus, this allocation underscores the comprehensive nature of God's provision. Archaeologically, this reflects the historical territories of the tribes, aligning with the land's natural features. Scripturally, it echoes the promise of a restored Israel, where each tribe is securely planted in its rightful place, highlighting God's meticulous care and sovereign plan for His people.

Issachar
The name "Issachar" is derived from the Hebrew root "שָׂכָר" (sakar), meaning "reward" or "compensation." Issachar was the ninth son of Jacob and Leah, and his descendants formed one of the twelve tribes of Israel. Historically, the tribe of Issachar was known for its wisdom and understanding of the times, as noted in 1 Chronicles 12:32. This allocation of land signifies a reward for their faithfulness and insight, symbolizing the blessings that come from living in accordance with God's will.

will have one portion
The phrase "will have one portion" indicates a specific allotment of land designated for the tribe of Issachar. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, this allocation is part of the restored land of Israel, symbolizing God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to the tribes. The concept of "portion" (Hebrew: "חֵלֶק" - chelek) often signifies inheritance, emphasizing the idea that God's people are recipients of His divine provision and grace.

bordering Zebulun
The term "bordering" (Hebrew: "עַל" - al) suggests proximity and connection. Zebulun, another tribe of Israel, was the sixth son of Jacob and Leah. The historical relationship between Issachar and Zebulun was one of mutual support and cooperation, as seen in their shared blessings in Genesis 49:13-15. This geographical proximity in the land allocation underscores the unity and interdependence among God's people, reflecting the broader theme of communal harmony in the body of Christ.

from east to west
The phrase "from east to west" describes the orientation of Issachar's portion, indicating a horizontal expanse across the land. In biblical symbolism, the east often represents beginnings or origins, while the west signifies completion or fulfillment. This directional description can be seen as a metaphor for the journey of faith, from the inception of God's promises to their ultimate realization. It serves as a reminder of the comprehensive nature of God's plan, encompassing all aspects of life and history.

Naphtali
The name "Naphtali" refers to one of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Naphtali, the son of Jacob and Bilhah, Rachel's maidservant. In Hebrew, Naphtali means "my struggle" or "wrestling," reflecting the struggles and perseverance of this tribe throughout biblical history. The tribe of Naphtali was known for its valor and played a significant role in various battles, including those led by Deborah and Barak against the Canaanites (Judges 4-5). This allocation of land signifies the fulfillment of God's promise to the tribes of Israel, emphasizing His faithfulness and the importance of each tribe in His divine plan.

will have one portion
The phrase "will have one portion" indicates the specific allotment of land designated for the tribe of Naphtali. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, this distribution of land is part of a larger, divinely ordained reorganization of the tribes in the Promised Land. The concept of "portion" in Hebrew (חֵלֶק, cheleq) often implies a share or inheritance, underscoring the idea that the land is a gift from God, a tangible expression of His covenant with Israel. This allocation serves as a reminder of God's provision and the unique role each tribe plays in the collective identity of His people.

bordering the territory of Asher
The phrase "bordering the territory of Asher" situates Naphtali's portion geographically next to the tribe of Asher. Asher, another of the twelve tribes, was known for its rich and fertile land, often associated with abundance and blessing (Genesis 49:20). The proximity of Naphtali to Asher may symbolize a sharing in the blessings and resources of the land, fostering unity and cooperation among the tribes. This geographical arrangement reflects God's wisdom in ensuring that the tribes are interdependent, promoting harmony and mutual support within the nation of Israel.

from east to west
The phrase "from east to west" describes the orientation of Naphtali's territory, stretching across the land. This east-to-west alignment is significant in biblical symbolism, often representing completeness and universality. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, it suggests the comprehensive nature of God's plan for His people, encompassing all directions and aspects of life. The east-to-west orientation also mirrors the path of the sun, symbolizing light, guidance, and the presence of God throughout the land. This directional emphasis serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and the all-encompassing nature of His promises to Israel.

Gad
The name "Gad" is rooted in the Hebrew word "גָּד" (Gad), which means "fortune" or "troop." Gad was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, named after the seventh son of Jacob and Zilpah, Leah's maidservant. Historically, the tribe of Gad settled on the east side of the Jordan River, known for their valor and warrior spirit. In this context, Gad's portion in the land distribution signifies God's providence and the fulfillment of His promises to the tribes of Israel. It reflects the restoration and unity of God's people in the Promised Land.

will have one portion
The phrase "will have one portion" indicates a specific allotment of land designated for the tribe of Gad. In the Hebrew context, the word for "portion" is "חֵלֶק" (chelek), which implies a division or share. This allocation is part of the prophetic vision of the land distribution among the tribes of Israel, as seen in Ezekiel's vision. It underscores the fairness and order in God's plan, ensuring each tribe receives its inheritance according to divine decree.

bordering the territory of Zebulun
"Bordering the territory of Zebulun" highlights the geographical relationship between the tribes. Zebulun, another tribe of Israel, was traditionally located in the northern part of the land. The Hebrew word for "bordering" is "עַל" (al), meaning "upon" or "beside," indicating proximity and connection. This arrangement reflects the interconnectedness of the tribes and the unity of the nation under God's covenant. It also emphasizes the importance of community and cooperation among God's people.

from east to west
The phrase "from east to west" describes the orientation of Gad's portion, stretching across the land. In Hebrew, "מִזְרָח" (mizrach) means "east," and "מַעֲרָב" (ma'arav) means "west." This east-to-west orientation signifies completeness and balance, as it encompasses the full breadth of the land. It symbolizes the comprehensive nature of God's provision and the inclusivity of His promises. The directional language also reflects the biblical theme of God's sovereignty over all creation, from the rising to the setting of the sun.

The border will proceed to Hauran
The term "border" in this context refers to the delineation of the tribal lands as described in Ezekiel's vision of the restored Israel. "Hauran" is a region known for its fertile lands, located in modern-day southern Syria. Historically, Hauran was a significant agricultural area, and its mention here underscores the promise of prosperity and abundance for the tribes of Israel. The Hebrew root for "proceed" suggests a continuous, unbroken line, symbolizing the completeness and divine order of God's plan for His people.

and from Damascus
Damascus, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, holds a significant place in biblical history. It was a major city in the Aramean kingdom and later became a central location in the Roman Empire. The mention of Damascus in this verse highlights the extent of the land promised to Israel, reaching into territories that were historically outside their control. This reflects God's sovereignty and the fulfillment of His promises to extend Israel's borders.

and on to the north, northward
The repetition of "north, northward" emphasizes the direction and extent of the boundary. In Hebrew, repetition often serves to intensify the meaning, suggesting a vast and expansive territory. This phrase indicates the northernmost reach of the land, symbolizing the comprehensive nature of God's restoration and blessing upon Israel. It serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness in fulfilling His covenant promises.

and the border of Hamath
Hamath was an ancient city-state located in what is now western Syria. It was a significant cultural and political center in the ancient Near East. The inclusion of Hamath in the boundary description signifies the restoration of Israel to its fullest extent, as originally intended in the promises to the patriarchs. The historical context of Hamath as a powerful city underscores the magnitude of God's promise to reclaim and restore the land for His people.

This is the northern border
The phrase "This is the northern border" serves as a definitive statement, marking the limit of the land allocation. It reflects the precision and orderliness of God's plan for Israel. In the broader scriptural context, borders often symbolize God's protection and provision. By establishing clear boundaries, God not only defines the inheritance of His people but also assures them of His presence and guidance within those borders. This serves as an inspirational reminder of God's meticulous care and the certainty of His promises.

This is the land
The phrase "This is the land" refers to the specific territory that God has designated for the tribes of Israel. In Hebrew, the word for "land" is "אֶרֶץ" (eretz), which can mean earth, land, or territory. This term is significant throughout the Bible, often symbolizing God's promise and provision. The land is not just a physical space but a divine gift, a place where God's people can dwell in His presence and fulfill His purposes.

you are to allot
The act of allotting the land is a divine command, emphasizing the orderly distribution according to God's plan. The Hebrew root "חָלַק" (chalak) means to divide or apportion. This reflects God's sovereignty and justice, ensuring that each tribe receives its rightful inheritance. It underscores the importance of obedience to God's instructions and the communal responsibility of the Israelites to honor His decrees.

as an inheritance
The concept of inheritance in Hebrew, "נַחֲלָה" (nachalah), is deeply rooted in the covenantal promises made to the patriarchs—Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. It signifies not only a physical possession but also a spiritual legacy. The land is a tangible expression of God's faithfulness and a reminder of the Israelites' identity as His chosen people. This inheritance is a perpetual reminder of God's enduring covenant with Israel.

to the tribes of Israel
The twelve tribes of Israel, descending from the sons of Jacob, each have a unique role and portion in God's plan. The distribution of land to the tribes signifies unity and diversity within the nation. Historically, this allocation reflects the fulfillment of God's promises and the establishment of Israel as a nation under His rule. It also points to the future hope of restoration and unity among God's people.

and these will be their portions
The word "portions" in Hebrew is "חֵלֶק" (chelek), meaning a part or share. This indicates that each tribe receives a specific, divinely appointed share of the land. It highlights God's fairness and the importance of each tribe's role in the community. The portions are not arbitrary but are determined by God's wisdom and purpose, ensuring that each tribe can thrive and contribute to the nation's well-being.

declares the Lord GOD
This phrase underscores the authority and finality of the proclamation. The Hebrew term for "declares" is "נְאֻם" (ne'um), often used in prophetic contexts to affirm the certainty of God's word. "The Lord GOD" is a translation of "אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה" (Adonai Yahweh), emphasizing both God's sovereignty and His covenantal relationship with Israel. This declaration assures the Israelites that the allotment of the land is not merely a human decision but a divine mandate, reinforcing their trust in God's promises and His ultimate plan for His people.

These will be the exits of the city
The phrase "These will be the exits of the city" introduces a detailed description of the gates of the New Jerusalem, as envisioned by Ezekiel. The Hebrew word for "exits" is "מוֹצָא" (motza), which can also mean "outlets" or "gateways." This suggests not only physical passageways but also spiritual access points, symbolizing the openness and accessibility of God's kingdom to His people. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, these exits represent the organized and divinely ordained structure of the city, reflecting God's order and provision for His people.

Beginning on the north side
The "north side" is significant in biblical symbolism. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, the north was often associated with mystery and divine presence. The Hebrew word for "north" is "צָפוֹן" (tsaphon), which can also imply hidden or concealed. This could suggest that the northern gate holds a special significance, perhaps indicating the revelation of divine mysteries or the presence of God. In the broader biblical narrative, the north is sometimes seen as the direction from which God’s judgment or deliverance comes, as seen in other prophetic books.

which measures 4,500 cubits long
The measurement "4,500 cubits long" provides a precise dimension for the city’s northern boundary. A cubit, in ancient measurements, is approximately 18 inches or 45 centimeters, making this side of the city about 6,750 feet or 2,057 meters long. The specificity of this measurement underscores the meticulous planning and divine order inherent in God's design for the New Jerusalem. The number itself, 4,500, can be seen as a multiple of significant biblical numbers (such as 12, representing the tribes of Israel, and 10, symbolizing completeness), suggesting the fullness and perfection of God's kingdom. This measurement reflects the vastness and inclusivity of the city, prepared for all of God's people.

the gates of the city
The phrase "the gates of the city" refers to the entrances of the New Jerusalem, as envisioned by the prophet Ezekiel. In ancient times, city gates were not only physical entry points but also places of judgment, commerce, and social interaction. They symbolized access and authority. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, these gates represent the entry into the divine presence and the community of God's people. The Hebrew word for "gates" is "שַׁעַר" (sha'ar), which often signifies a place of decision and transition. Spiritually, this can be seen as an invitation to enter into a deeper relationship with God, where one moves from the outside world into a sacred space.

will be named
The act of naming in the Bible is significant, often denoting ownership, character, or destiny. In this context, the naming of the gates signifies a divine order and purpose. The Hebrew root "קָרָא" (qara) means to call or proclaim. This suggests that the names are not arbitrary but are divinely appointed, reflecting God's sovereign plan for His people. It is a reminder that God knows each tribe intimately and has a specific place and role for them in His eternal kingdom.

after the tribes of Israel
The twelve tribes of Israel, originating from the sons of Jacob, represent the fullness of God's covenant people. Each tribe had its unique identity and role within the nation of Israel. By naming the gates after the tribes, Ezekiel emphasizes the continuity of God's promises and the inclusion of all His people in the eschatological vision. Historically, the tribes were central to the identity and organization of Israel, and their mention here underscores the restoration and unity of God's people. This reflects the biblical theme of God gathering His scattered people and restoring them to their rightful place in His divine order. It is a powerful reminder of God's faithfulness to His covenant and His desire for all His people to dwell with Him eternally.

On the east side
The east side of the city holds significant spiritual symbolism in the Bible. In Hebrew culture, the east often represents the direction of the rising sun, symbolizing new beginnings, hope, and divine intervention. The east is also the direction from which God's glory returns to the temple in Ezekiel 43:2. This positioning suggests a place of prominence and expectation, where the presence of God is anticipated.

4,500 cubits long
The measurement of 4,500 cubits indicates a precise and divinely ordained structure. In ancient times, a cubit was a standard unit of length, approximately 18 inches or 45 centimeters. The specificity of this measurement underscores the order and intentionality of God's design for the city. It reflects the perfection and completeness of God's plan, as the number 4,500 can be seen as a multiple of significant biblical numbers, such as 12 (representing the tribes of Israel) and 10 (symbolizing completeness).

three gates
Gates in biblical times were not only entry points but also places of judgment, commerce, and social interaction. The presence of three gates on this side of the city signifies accessibility and openness, inviting the tribes of Israel to enter and commune with God. The number three often represents divine completeness and the Trinity, suggesting that these gates are a means of entering into the fullness of God's presence.

the gate of Joseph
Joseph, one of the twelve sons of Jacob, is a figure of redemption and providence. His story, marked by suffering and eventual exaltation in Egypt, is a testament to God's sovereignty and faithfulness. The inclusion of a gate named after Joseph highlights themes of reconciliation and divine purpose, reminding believers of God's ability to turn trials into triumphs.

the gate of Benjamin
Benjamin, the youngest son of Jacob, represents strength and resilience. His tribe was known for its warriors and played a significant role in Israel's history. The gate of Benjamin symbolizes the enduring strength and protection that God provides to His people. It serves as a reminder of the spiritual fortitude required to enter and dwell in God's holy city.

the gate of Dan
Dan, another son of Jacob, is associated with judgment and discernment. The tribe of Dan was tasked with upholding justice and righteousness. The gate of Dan signifies the importance of living a life aligned with God's laws and principles. It calls believers to self-examination and adherence to divine justice as they seek to enter the presence of God.

On the south side
The phrase "on the south side" indicates a specific orientation of the city described in Ezekiel's vision. In biblical symbolism, the south often represents warmth, light, and sometimes adversity, as it is the direction from which the sun shines most directly in the northern hemisphere. The south side of the city, therefore, could symbolize a place of exposure to God's light and truth, as well as a reminder of the trials that refine faith. Historically, the south side of Jerusalem was significant as it faced the Negev desert, a place of both desolation and divine encounters.

the boundary will extend 4,500 cubits
The measurement "4,500 cubits" reflects the precision and orderliness of God's design for the New Jerusalem. A cubit, an ancient unit of length based on the forearm's length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger, typically measures about 18 inches. Thus, 4,500 cubits would be approximately 6,750 feet or about 1.28 miles. This specific measurement underscores the completeness and sufficiency of God's provision for His people. It also reflects the meticulous nature of divine planning, ensuring that every aspect of the city is perfectly proportioned.

with three gates
The "three gates" on each side of the city symbolize access and inclusion. In ancient cities, gates were crucial for defense, trade, and social interaction. Spiritually, these gates represent the openness of God's kingdom to all who are called by His name. The number three often signifies completeness and divine perfection in the Bible, suggesting that these gates provide perfect and complete access to God's presence.

the gate of Simeon
The "gate of Simeon" is named after one of the twelve tribes of Israel. Simeon, the second son of Jacob and Leah, is associated with hearing and obedience, as his name means "heard." This gate may symbolize the importance of listening to God's word and responding in obedience. Historically, the tribe of Simeon was scattered within the territory of Judah, which can be seen as a metaphor for the integration and unity of God's people in the New Jerusalem.

the gate of Issachar
The "gate of Issachar" is named after another tribe of Israel. Issachar, the ninth son of Jacob and Leah, is often associated with reward and labor, as his name means "there is recompense." This gate could symbolize the diligent pursuit of God's purposes and the rewards of faithful service. The tribe of Issachar was known for its wisdom and understanding of the times, which highlights the importance of discernment and insight in the life of faith.

and the gate of Zebulun
The "gate of Zebulun" is named after the tribe of Zebulun, the tenth son of Jacob and Leah. Zebulun is associated with dwelling and provision, as his name means "dwelling" or "habitation." This gate may represent the promise of God's provision and the assurance of a place in His eternal kingdom. The tribe of Zebulun was known for its maritime activities and trade, symbolizing the outreach and expansion of God's kingdom to the nations.

On the west side
The west side of the city is significant in biblical symbolism, often representing the direction of the setting sun and the end of a day. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, the west side of the city is part of the new, restored Jerusalem, symbolizing completion and fulfillment of God's promises. The west side's inclusion in the city's design reflects the comprehensive nature of God's plan, encompassing all directions and aspects of life.

which is 4,500 cubits long
The measurement of 4,500 cubits indicates precision and order in God's design. A cubit, an ancient unit of length, is approximately 18 inches or 45 centimeters. The specific measurement underscores the meticulous nature of God's plans for His people. It reflects the divine order and the perfect symmetry of the New Jerusalem, as described in Ezekiel's vision, symbolizing God's perfect and unchanging nature.

there will be three gates
The presence of three gates on each side of the city is symbolic of access and inclusion. In biblical numerology, the number three often represents completeness and divine perfection. The three gates on the west side signify the openness of God's kingdom to all tribes of Israel, and by extension, to all nations. It is a reminder of the Trinity and the completeness found in God's presence.

the gate of Gad
Gad, one of the twelve tribes of Israel, was known for its warriors and strength. The inclusion of the gate of Gad signifies the strength and protection that God provides to His people. It is a reminder of the spiritual warfare that believers face and the assurance of victory through God's power. Historically, Gad settled east of the Jordan River, and their inclusion in the gates of the New Jerusalem signifies unity and restoration.

the gate of Asher
Asher, another tribe of Israel, was blessed with prosperity and abundance. The gate of Asher symbolizes the blessings and provision that come from God. It reflects the promise of spiritual abundance and the richness of life in God's presence. Asher's territory was fertile and productive, and this gate serves as a reminder of the spiritual fruitfulness that believers are called to exhibit.

and the gate of Naphtali
Naphtali, known for its swiftness and agility, represents freedom and deliverance. The gate of Naphtali signifies the liberation and joy found in God's kingdom. It is a reminder of the freedom from sin and the joy of salvation. Naphtali's land was in the northern part of Israel, and its inclusion in the gates of the New Jerusalem highlights the gathering of all God's people from every corner of the earth.

And the name of the city
This phrase signifies the importance of names in biblical times, often reflecting character, purpose, or divine promise. In Hebrew culture, a name was not just a label but a declaration of identity and destiny. The city referred to here is the New Jerusalem, a prophetic vision of a restored and holy city. This city represents the culmination of God's redemptive plan, a place where His presence is fully realized.

from that time on
This phrase indicates a perpetual state, suggesting a transformation that is both immediate and eternal. It marks a new era in the relationship between God and His people. Historically, this reflects the hope of the Israelites for a future where God's promises are fulfilled, and His presence is unceasing. It speaks to the eschatological hope of Christians for the eternal reign of God.

will be
This future tense verb underscores the certainty and assurance of God's promises. It is not a mere possibility but a definitive declaration. In the context of biblical prophecy, it emphasizes God's sovereignty and faithfulness. The assurance that this will come to pass is a cornerstone of Christian hope, rooted in the trustworthiness of God's word.

The LORD Is There
This is the English translation of the Hebrew name "Yahweh Shammah." It encapsulates the essence of God's promise to dwell among His people. The name signifies God's omnipresence and His intimate relationship with His creation. In the historical context of Israel, it was a profound assurance of God's continued presence despite their exile and suffering. For Christians, it is a foretaste of the ultimate fulfillment in the New Heaven and New Earth, where God's presence will be fully realized. This name is a source of comfort and hope, reminding believers that God is always with them, guiding and sustaining them through life's journey.