The elder
The term "elder" (Greek: πρεσβύτερος, presbyteros) is a title that denotes authority and respect within the early Christian community. It suggests a position of leadership and spiritual maturity. Historically, elders were responsible for teaching, guiding, and maintaining the doctrinal purity of the church. In the context of 3 John, the elder is traditionally understood to be the Apostle John, who, by this time, was likely advanced in age and held in high esteem by the early church. His use of the term reflects both his role and his relationship with the recipients of his letters.

To the beloved Gaius
The name "Gaius" was common in the Roman world, and it is mentioned several times in the New Testament. The Greek word for "beloved" (ἀγαπητός, agapetos) indicates a deep, personal affection and is often used to describe the love between Christians. This suggests that Gaius was not only a member of the church but also someone with whom John had a close and affectionate relationship. The use of "beloved" underscores the Christian principle of love as a defining characteristic of the faith community.

whom I love in the truth
The phrase "in the truth" (Greek: ἐν ἀληθείᾳ, en alētheia) is significant in Johannine literature, emphasizing the importance of truth as a foundational element of Christian life and fellowship. The truth here refers to the gospel of Jesus Christ and the authentic teachings of the faith. John's love for Gaius is not merely emotional but is rooted in their shared commitment to the truth of the gospel. This highlights the idea that Christian love is deeply intertwined with a commitment to doctrinal truth and integrity. The phrase serves as a reminder that true Christian relationships are built upon the solid foundation of shared beliefs and values.

Beloved
The term "beloved" (Greek: ἀγαπητέ, agapete) is a form of the word "agape," which signifies a deep, selfless, and unconditional love. This word is often used in the New Testament to express the profound love that God has for His people and that believers are to have for one another. In this context, the Apostle John is addressing Gaius, a fellow believer, with a term of endearment that reflects the Christian community's bond. It reminds us of the familial love that should characterize the Church, rooted in the love of Christ.

I pray
The Greek word for "pray" here is εὔχομαι (euchomai), which conveys a sense of earnest desire or wish. This reflects the early Christian practice of intercessory prayer, where believers would regularly pray for one another's spiritual and physical well-being. It underscores the importance of prayer in the life of a Christian, not just as a ritual, but as a heartfelt communication with God, seeking His will and blessings for others.

that in every way
This phrase indicates the comprehensive nature of John's prayer. The Greek word for "every" is πᾶς (pas), meaning all-encompassing or complete. John is expressing a desire for Gaius to experience prosperity and health in all aspects of life, not limited to spiritual matters but extending to physical and material well-being. This reflects the holistic view of human flourishing in the biblical worldview, where God cares for the entirety of a person's life.

you may prosper
The word "prosper" (Greek: εὐοδόω, euodoo) means to succeed or to have a good journey. In the ancient world, this term was often used in the context of travel or business ventures. Here, it signifies a broader sense of thriving and success in life. From a conservative Christian perspective, true prosperity is not merely material wealth but includes spiritual richness and alignment with God's purposes.

and be in good health
The Greek word for "health" is ὑγιαίνω (hygiainein), which means to be sound or whole. This reflects the biblical understanding that physical health is a blessing from God and is to be sought and maintained. The early church recognized the importance of caring for the body as the temple of the Holy Spirit, emphasizing a balanced life that honors God through physical well-being.

just as your soul prospers
The phrase "just as" (Greek: καθώς, kathos) indicates a comparison or correlation. John is drawing a parallel between Gaius's spiritual state and his physical and material well-being. The prosperity of the soul (Greek: ψυχή, psyche) refers to spiritual health, growth, and maturity in Christ. This highlights the priority of spiritual prosperity, suggesting that a thriving soul is foundational to experiencing God's blessings in other areas of life. It serves as a reminder that spiritual growth and alignment with God's will are paramount in the life of a believer.

It was a joy to me
The phrase "It was a joy to me" reflects the deep personal satisfaction and spiritual delight that the Apostle John experiences. The Greek word for "joy" here is "χαρά" (chara), which denotes a profound sense of gladness and fulfillment. In the context of early Christian communities, such joy was often linked to witnessing the spiritual growth and steadfastness of fellow believers. This joy is not merely emotional but is rooted in the spiritual reality of seeing God's work manifest in the lives of others.

when some brothers came
The term "brothers" (Greek: "ἀδελφοί," adelphoi) is significant in the early Christian context, emphasizing the familial bond among believers. This brotherhood transcends biological ties, uniting individuals through their shared faith in Christ. The arrival of these brothers likely brought news from other Christian communities, serving as a vital link in the network of early churches. Their testimony is a reminder of the interconnectedness and mutual support that characterized the early Church.

and testified about your faithfulness to the truth
The word "testified" (Greek: "μαρτυρέω," martyreō) implies a formal declaration or witness. In the early Church, such testimony was crucial for affirming the integrity and spiritual health of individuals and communities. "Faithfulness" (Greek: "πίστις," pistis) to the "truth" (Greek: "ἀλήθεια," alētheia) underscores a steadfast commitment to the teachings of Christ and the apostles. This faithfulness is not passive but active, involving a continual adherence to the core doctrines and ethical teachings of Christianity.

how you continue to walk in the truth
The phrase "walk in the truth" is a metaphorical expression that conveys living in accordance with the truth of the Gospel. The Greek word for "walk" (περιπατέω, peripateō) suggests a habitual lifestyle or conduct. In the biblical context, walking in the truth involves both belief and practice, embodying the teachings of Christ in daily life. This continuous action indicates perseverance and consistency, qualities highly valued in the early Christian community as evidence of genuine faith.

I have no greater joy
The phrase "I have no greater joy" reflects the deep emotional satisfaction and fulfillment that the Apostle John experiences. The Greek word for "joy" here is "χαρά" (chara), which denotes a profound sense of gladness and delight. In the context of the early church, this joy is not merely personal but is deeply spiritual, rooted in the success and faithfulness of the believers. Historically, the early Christian communities faced numerous challenges, including persecution and doctrinal disputes. Thus, the joy John expresses is not just about personal happiness but is a reflection of the triumph of faith and truth in the lives of his spiritual children.

than to hear
The phrase "than to hear" indicates the importance of communication and testimony within the early church. The Greek word "ἀκούω" (akouo) means to hear or listen, suggesting that John is receiving reports or testimonies about the believers. In the historical context, letters and verbal reports were primary means of communication among the dispersed Christian communities. This hearing is not passive but involves active engagement and concern for the spiritual well-being of others, highlighting the interconnectedness of the early church.

that my children
The term "my children" is a term of endearment and spiritual kinship. The Greek word "τέκνα" (tekna) is used, which signifies offspring or children. John is not speaking of biological children but of spiritual offspring, those whom he has nurtured in the faith. This reflects the familial nature of the early Christian community, where leaders like John took on paternal roles, guiding and mentoring new believers. The use of "children" underscores the responsibility and care that spiritual leaders have for their congregations, akin to a parent's love and concern for their children.

are walking
The phrase "are walking" is derived from the Greek word "περιπατέω" (peripateo), which means to walk or conduct one's life. In the biblical context, walking is often used metaphorically to describe one's way of life or behavior. This implies a continuous, active lifestyle of faith and obedience. Historically, the concept of "walking" in the truth would have been a visible testimony to the surrounding culture, demonstrating the transformative power of the Gospel in everyday life. It suggests a journey or progression, indicating that faith is not static but dynamic and growing.

in the truth
The phrase "in the truth" is central to the message of 3 John. The Greek word for "truth" is "ἀλήθεια" (aletheia), which signifies reality, sincerity, and divine truth revealed in Christ. In the context of the early church, truth was foundational to the Christian faith, distinguishing it from false teachings and heresies. Walking "in the truth" implies living in accordance with the teachings of Jesus and the apostles, embodying the principles of the Gospel. Historically, this was crucial for maintaining the integrity and unity of the church amidst external pressures and internal challenges. The truth is not just a set of beliefs but a way of life that reflects the character and teachings of Christ.

Beloved
The term "Beloved" is translated from the Greek word "ἀγαπητέ" (agapete), which is derived from "ἀγάπη" (agape), meaning love. This word is often used in the New Testament to express a deep, selfless, and sacrificial love. In this context, the Apostle John is addressing Gaius with a term of endearment, reflecting the close spiritual bond and affection that exists within the Christian community. It underscores the importance of love as the foundation of Christian relationships, echoing the commandment to love one another as Christ loved us (John 13:34).

you are faithful
The phrase "you are faithful" comes from the Greek "πιστός" (pistos), meaning trustworthy or reliable. This commendation highlights Gaius's steadfastness and reliability in his actions and character. In the early church, faithfulness was a crucial virtue, especially in the face of persecution and false teachings. Gaius's faithfulness serves as an example for believers to remain true to their commitments and to God, reflecting the faithfulness of Christ Himself.

in what you are doing
This phrase emphasizes the active nature of Gaius's faith. The Greek verb "ἐργάζομαι" (ergazomai) implies labor or work, suggesting that Gaius's faith is not passive but demonstrated through tangible actions. This aligns with the biblical teaching that faith without works is dead (James 2:26). Gaius's actions are a testament to his living faith, encouraging believers to express their faith through service and good deeds.

for the brothers
The term "brothers" is translated from the Greek "ἀδελφοί" (adelphoi), which can refer to both male and female members of the Christian community. This familial term reflects the early church's understanding of believers as part of a spiritual family united in Christ. Gaius's service to the brothers illustrates the call to support and care for fellow believers, fostering unity and love within the body of Christ.

and especially since they are strangers to you
The phrase "and especially since they are strangers to you" highlights the remarkable nature of Gaius's hospitality. The Greek word "ξένοι" (xenoi) means strangers or foreigners. In the ancient world, hospitality was a highly valued virtue, and providing for traveling Christians, often itinerant preachers or missionaries, was a significant aspect of early Christian practice. Gaius's willingness to serve those he did not know personally exemplifies the call to love and serve all, reflecting the inclusive and universal nature of the Gospel. This act of kindness towards strangers is reminiscent of Jesus's teaching in Matthew 25:35, where welcoming strangers is equated with serving Christ Himself.

They have testified
The phrase "They have testified" indicates a public declaration or witness. In the Greek, the word "testified" is "ἐμαρτύρησαν" (emarturēsan), which is derived from "martureō," meaning to bear witness or give evidence. This suggests that the actions of the recipient of the letter were so evident and impactful that others felt compelled to speak about them. In the early church, testimony was a powerful tool for spreading the Gospel, as it provided personal accounts of God's work. This highlights the importance of living a life that others can testify about, reflecting Christ's love and truth.

to your love
The word "love" here is translated from the Greek "ἀγάπη" (agapē), which is the highest form of love, characterized by selflessness and sacrifice. This is the same love that God shows to humanity and that Christians are called to emulate. The testimony of love indicates that the recipient's actions were not just dutiful but were motivated by genuine care and concern for others. In the context of the early church, such love was crucial for unity and growth, serving as a witness to the transformative power of the Gospel.

before the church
The term "church" in Greek is "ἐκκλησία" (ekklēsia), which originally referred to a gathering or assembly of people. In the New Testament, it specifically denotes the community of believers. The phrase "before the church" suggests that the testimony of love was not a private matter but was recognized and affirmed by the broader Christian community. This public acknowledgment underscores the communal nature of the Christian faith, where individual actions contribute to the collective witness of the church.

You will do well
This phrase is an encouragement and a gentle exhortation. In Greek, it is "καλῶς ποιήσεις" (kalōs poiēseis), which can be understood as "you will act nobly" or "you will do a good thing." It implies that the proposed action is not only beneficial but also aligns with moral and spiritual excellence. This encouragement reflects the apostolic authority and pastoral care of the writer, guiding the recipient towards actions that honor God and support the mission of the church.

to send them on their way
The act of sending someone on their way, in Greek "προπέμψας" (propempsas), involves more than just a farewell. It includes providing for their needs and ensuring they are equipped for their journey. In the context of the early church, this often meant supporting itinerant preachers and missionaries. This phrase highlights the importance of hospitality and generosity in the Christian life, recognizing that supporting those who spread the Gospel is a vital part of the church's mission.

in a manner worthy of God
The phrase "worthy of God" is a high standard, indicating that the actions should reflect God's character and honor Him. In Greek, "ἀξίως τοῦ Θεοῦ" (axiōs tou Theou) suggests actions that are fitting or appropriate for someone who represents God. This sets a divine benchmark for Christian conduct, reminding believers that their actions should mirror the holiness, love, and righteousness of God. It calls for a life of integrity and devotion, where every action is an act of worship and testimony to God's greatness.

For they went out
This phrase indicates a purposeful departure, suggesting a mission or a calling. The Greek word "ἐξῆλθον" (exēlthon) implies a deliberate action, often used in the context of embarking on a journey or mission. Historically, this reflects the early Christian practice of sending out missionaries to spread the Gospel. The act of "going out" signifies obedience to the Great Commission (Matthew 28:19-20), emphasizing the importance of evangelism and the spread of Christian teachings.

on behalf of the Name
The "Name" here refers to Jesus Christ. In the Jewish tradition, a name holds significant power and identity. The Greek term "ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος" (hyper tou onomatos) underscores the authority and reverence associated with Jesus. This phrase highlights the missionaries' dedication to Christ, serving as His representatives. It reflects the early church's understanding of their mission as not just spreading teachings, but bearing witness to the person and work of Jesus Christ.

accepting nothing from the Gentiles
This part of the verse emphasizes the missionaries' reliance on God and the Christian community for support, rather than seeking assistance from non-believers. The Greek word "λαμβάνοντες" (lambanontes) means "receiving" or "accepting," and its use here suggests a conscious decision to avoid financial dependence on those outside the faith. This practice ensured that the message of the Gospel remained untainted by external influences and maintained the integrity and purity of their mission. Historically, this approach helped to distinguish the Christian movement from other itinerant teachers or philosophers of the time, who often relied on patronage from wealthy benefactors. It also reflects a trust in God's provision and the support of fellow believers, fostering a sense of community and shared purpose within the early church.

Therefore
The word "therefore" serves as a bridge connecting the previous thoughts to the current exhortation. In Greek, it is "οὖν" (oun), which indicates a conclusion drawn from prior statements. In the context of 3 John, the Apostle John has been discussing the commendable actions of Gaius in supporting itinerant Christian workers. This word signals that what follows is a logical outcome of the preceding commendation. It reminds us that our actions should be rooted in the truths and examples laid out in Scripture, emphasizing the importance of continuity in Christian practice.

we ought
The phrase "we ought" translates from the Greek "ὀφείλομεν" (opheilomen), which implies a moral obligation or duty. This is not merely a suggestion but a call to action for believers. In the conservative Christian perspective, this duty is seen as a reflection of the love and service that Christ exemplified. It underscores the responsibility of the Christian community to actively participate in the mission of the Church, highlighting that faith is not passive but requires active engagement.

to support
The term "to support" comes from the Greek "ὑπολαμβάνειν" (hypolambanein), which means to take up or to assist. This implies more than just financial aid; it encompasses encouragement, hospitality, and partnership in ministry. Historically, the early Church relied heavily on the support of local believers to sustain missionaries and evangelists. This support is a tangible expression of unity and shared purpose within the body of Christ, reflecting the communal nature of the early Christian movement.

such men
"Such men" refers to the itinerant preachers and missionaries who were spreading the Gospel. In the historical context of the early Church, these individuals were vital for the dissemination of Christian teachings. They often traveled without personal resources, relying on the hospitality and generosity of fellow believers. This phrase highlights the importance of recognizing and valuing those who dedicate their lives to ministry, encouraging the Church to uphold and honor their work.

so that
"So that" translates from the Greek "ἵνα" (hina), indicating purpose or result. This conjunction introduces the reason for the preceding action, linking the support of Christian workers to a greater goal. It emphasizes intentionality in Christian service, reminding believers that their actions have a direct impact on the advancement of the Gospel.

we may be
The phrase "we may be" suggests a potential state of being, derived from the Greek "γινώμεθα" (ginometha). It implies a transformation or becoming, indicating that through supporting others, believers themselves are changed and enriched. This reflects the transformative power of active participation in God's work, where both the giver and receiver are blessed.

fellow workers
"Fellow workers" is translated from the Greek "συνεργοί" (synergoi), meaning co-laborers or partners. This term conveys the idea of collaboration and shared mission. In the conservative Christian view, it underscores the belief that all believers are called to participate in the Great Commission, working together to spread the truth of the Gospel. It highlights the unity and cooperation that should characterize the Church.

for the truth
The phrase "for the truth" centers the entire verse on the ultimate goal of Christian service: the propagation of the Gospel. "Truth" in Greek is "ἀλήθεια" (aletheia), which in the Johannine context often refers to the revealed truth of God in Christ. This phrase serves as a reminder that all Christian efforts and support should be directed towards upholding and spreading the truth of God's Word. It calls believers to align their actions with the divine truth, ensuring that their lives reflect the teachings of Christ.

I wrote to the church
This phrase indicates the apostolic authority and pastoral concern of the Apostle John. The Greek word for "wrote" (ἔγραψα, egrapsa) suggests a formal communication, emphasizing the importance of written instruction in the early church. The "church" here refers to a local assembly of believers, highlighting the communal aspect of early Christianity. Historically, letters were a primary means of communication and instruction, underscoring the significance of apostolic guidance in maintaining doctrinal purity and unity.

but Diotrephes
The name "Diotrephes" is of Greek origin, meaning "nourished by Zeus." This individual is noted for his negative behavior within the church. The mention of Diotrephes serves as a cautionary example of pride and self-promotion. In the historical context, personal ambition and the desire for preeminence were challenges that could disrupt the harmony and mission of the early Christian communities.

who loves to be first
The Greek phrase (φιλοπρωτεύων, philoprōteuōn) literally means "loving to be first." This highlights a character flaw of Diotrephes—his desire for preeminence and control. In a biblical context, this attitude is contrary to the teachings of Christ, who emphasized humility and servanthood (Matthew 20:26-28). The early church valued leaders who were servants, not those who sought personal glory.

will not accept our instruction
The refusal to accept instruction (οὐκ ἐπιδέχεται, ouk epidechetai) indicates a rejection of apostolic authority. This phrase underscores the importance of submission to godly leadership and the teachings of the apostles, which were foundational for the church's faith and practice. Historically, such defiance could lead to division and doctrinal error, threatening the unity and witness of the church. The early church faced challenges from individuals who resisted apostolic teaching, necessitating strong leadership and adherence to the truth.

So if I come
This phrase indicates the Apostle John's intention and authority as a leader in the early church. The Greek word for "come" (ἔρχομαι, erchomai) suggests a personal visit, emphasizing the importance of face-to-face confrontation in resolving issues within the church. Historically, this reflects the apostolic practice of direct involvement in church matters, underscoring the personal responsibility leaders have in maintaining doctrinal purity and community harmony.

I will call attention
The Greek term here (ὑπομνήσω, hypomnēsō) means to remind or bring to mind. John is asserting his role as a corrective force, highlighting the necessity of addressing sin and falsehood directly. This reflects the biblical principle of accountability within the church, where leaders are tasked with safeguarding the truth and ensuring that the community adheres to the teachings of Christ.

to what he is doing
This phrase points to specific actions that are contrary to Christian conduct. The Greek verb (ποιέω, poieō) implies ongoing behavior, suggesting that the individual in question is persistently engaging in harmful activities. This serves as a reminder of the destructive nature of unchecked sin within the church and the need for vigilance in addressing such issues.

spreading malicious rumors about us
The Greek word for "spreading" (φλυαρέω, phlyareō) conveys the idea of babbling or speaking nonsense. This highlights the destructive power of false speech and the importance of guarding one's tongue. Historically, the early church faced many challenges from false teachers and divisive individuals, making it crucial for leaders to protect the integrity of the community through truth and love.

Not content with that
This phrase indicates a deeper level of malice and dissatisfaction. The Greek word (ἀρκέω, arkeō) for "content" suggests sufficiency or satisfaction. The individual's actions go beyond mere gossip, revealing a heart that is restless and rebellious. This serves as a warning against the dangers of allowing discontentment to fester, leading to further sin and division.

he refuses to welcome the brothers
The refusal to offer hospitality (δέχομαι, dechomai) to fellow believers is a serious breach of Christian duty. In the early church, hospitality was a vital expression of love and unity, especially for traveling missionaries and teachers. This refusal not only hinders the spread of the Gospel but also disrupts the fellowship and support that believers are called to provide for one another.

and he stops those who want to do so
The Greek word for "stops" (κωλύω, kōlyō) implies active prevention. This action demonstrates a willful obstruction of good deeds, reflecting a heart opposed to the work of God. It serves as a cautionary tale about the influence one individual can have in hindering the mission of the church and the importance of standing firm against such opposition.

and puts them out of the church
The act of expulsion (ἐκβάλλω, ekballō) from the church community is a severe measure, typically reserved for unrepentant sin. This phrase underscores the gravity of the situation and the misuse of authority by the individual in question. It highlights the need for church leaders to exercise discernment and justice, ensuring that discipline is administered in accordance with biblical principles and always with the goal of restoration and reconciliation.

Beloved
This term of endearment, "Beloved," is translated from the Greek word "ἀγαπητός" (agapētos), which signifies someone who is dearly loved or cherished. In the context of early Christian communities, it reflects the deep, familial love that believers are to have for one another, rooted in the love of Christ. This word sets the tone for the exhortation that follows, reminding the reader of their identity as loved ones in the faith.

do not imitate
The Greek word "μιμέομαι" (mimeomai) is used here, meaning to mimic or follow as an example. In the Greco-Roman world, imitation was a common method of learning and moral development. John is urging his readers to be discerning in whom they choose to emulate, emphasizing the importance of aligning one's actions with the teachings of Christ rather than the corrupt practices of the world.

what is evil
The term "evil" is translated from the Greek "κακός" (kakos), which refers to that which is morally wrong or wicked. In the biblical context, evil is often associated with actions and attitudes that are contrary to God's nature and commandments. The early church faced many challenges from false teachers and immoral influences, making this warning particularly relevant.

but what is good
The word "good" comes from the Greek "ἀγαθός" (agathos), which denotes that which is inherently good, beneficial, or virtuous. This aligns with the biblical understanding of goodness as a fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22) and a reflection of God's character. Believers are called to pursue goodness as a testimony to their faith and as a witness to the transformative power of the Gospel.

The one who does good
This phrase emphasizes action, indicating that true faith is demonstrated through righteous deeds. The Greek verb "ποιέω" (poieō) implies ongoing, habitual action. In the Christian life, doing good is not a one-time event but a continuous practice that stems from a heart transformed by God's grace.

is of God
The phrase "is of God" signifies a relationship and origin. The Greek preposition "ἐκ" (ek) indicates source or origin, suggesting that those who do good are born of God and reflect His nature. This echoes the Johannine theme of being born again (John 3:3) and living as children of God (1 John 3:1).

the one who does evil
In contrast, this phrase highlights the actions of those who are not aligned with God's will. The repetition of the verb "ποιέω" (poieō) underscores the habitual nature of their actions. In the biblical worldview, consistent evil behavior is indicative of a life not submitted to God's authority.

has not seen God
The phrase "has not seen God" uses the Greek verb "ὁράω" (horaō), which can mean to see with the eyes or to perceive and understand. In this context, it implies a lack of spiritual insight or relationship with God. To "see" God is to know Him intimately and to be transformed by that knowledge. Those who persist in evil demonstrate that they have not truly encountered the living God.

Demetrius
The name "Demetrius" is of Greek origin, meaning "belonging to Demeter," the Greek goddess of the harvest. In the context of 3 John, Demetrius is likely a Christian leader or missionary who is well-regarded by the apostle John. Historically, names like Demetrius were common in the Hellenistic world, reflecting the cultural blend of Greek and Jewish influences in the early church. Demetrius serves as a model of Christian virtue and integrity, embodying the qualities that John commends to his readers.

has received a good testimony
The phrase "has received a good testimony" indicates that Demetrius is well-spoken of by others. In the Greek, the word for "testimony" is "martyria," which can also mean witness or evidence. This suggests that Demetrius's life and actions provide clear evidence of his faith and character. In the early church, a good testimony was crucial for leaders and missionaries, as it validated their ministry and message. This phrase underscores the importance of living a life that reflects the teachings of Christ, so that others may see and affirm one's faith.

from everyone
The phrase "from everyone" highlights the universal nature of the commendation Demetrius receives. It suggests that his reputation is not limited to a small group but is recognized broadly within the Christian community. This widespread approval indicates that Demetrius's conduct is consistent and exemplary, serving as a unifying example for believers. In the early church, such a reputation would have been vital for fostering trust and cooperation among diverse groups of Christians.

and from the truth itself
The phrase "and from the truth itself" implies that Demetrius's life is in alignment with the truth of the Gospel. The "truth" here refers to the core teachings of Christianity, centered on the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. In the Greek, "truth" is "aletheia," which conveys the idea of reality and authenticity. This suggests that Demetrius's actions are not only approved by people but are also in harmony with the divine truth revealed in Scripture. His life serves as a living testimony to the transformative power of the Gospel.

We also testify for him
The phrase "We also testify for him" indicates that the author, likely the apostle John, and his associates personally vouch for Demetrius. This personal endorsement adds weight to Demetrius's reputation, as it comes from a respected leader in the early church. The use of "testify" again emphasizes the importance of witness and evidence in the Christian community. It reflects the communal nature of the early church, where leaders supported and affirmed one another in their ministry.

and you know that our testimony is true
The phrase "and you know that our testimony is true" serves as a reminder of the credibility and authority of the apostolic witness. The author appeals to the reader's knowledge and trust in the apostolic testimony, which is rooted in firsthand experience with Jesus Christ. This assurance reinforces the reliability of the commendation given to Demetrius. In the broader context of the New Testament, the truthfulness of the apostolic witness is foundational to the faith, as it is based on the eyewitness accounts of those who walked with Jesus.

I have many things to write to you
This phrase reflects the Apostle John's deep pastoral concern and personal connection with the recipient of the letter, likely Gaius. The Greek word for "write" (γράφειν, graphein) indicates a desire to communicate more extensively. Historically, this reflects the early Christian practice of personal correspondence to maintain doctrinal integrity and community ties. The phrase suggests that the written word, while powerful, is limited in conveying the full depth of personal relationship and spiritual instruction.

but I would prefer not to do so
The word "prefer" (βουλόμαι, boulomai) in Greek conveys a strong intention or desire. John expresses a preference for personal interaction over written communication. This highlights the value placed on face-to-face fellowship in the early church, emphasizing the importance of personal presence in ministry. It underscores the belief that certain spiritual truths and encouragements are best conveyed through personal interaction, reflecting the incarnational aspect of Christian ministry.

with pen and ink
The tools of "pen" (κάλαμος, kalamos) and "ink" (μέλαν, melan) were the standard writing instruments of the time. This phrase emphasizes the physical limitations of written communication. In the historical context, writing was labor-intensive and reserved for matters of significant importance. The mention of these tools serves as a reminder of the tangible efforts made by early Christians to preserve and communicate the teachings of the faith. It also points to the enduring nature of written Scripture, while acknowledging its limitations compared to personal interaction.

Instead, I hope to see you soon
The word "Instead" indicates a shift from the previous verse, where John mentions writing with pen and ink. This highlights the personal nature of the apostle's relationship with the recipient, emphasizing the importance of face-to-face interaction over written communication. The Greek word for "hope" (ἐλπίζω, elpizō) conveys a confident expectation rather than mere wishful thinking. This reflects John's deep desire and anticipation to visit, underscoring the value of personal fellowship in the early Christian community.

and we will speak face to face
The phrase "face to face" (πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον, prosōpon pros prosōpon) is a powerful expression of intimacy and direct communication. In the ancient world, personal presence was crucial for building trust and understanding. This phrase echoes the Old Testament encounters with God, such as Moses speaking with God "face to face" (Exodus 33:11), symbolizing a close and personal relationship. John’s intention to speak directly highlights the importance of personal interaction in resolving issues and strengthening bonds within the church.

Peace to you
"Peace" (εἰρήνη, eirēnē) is a traditional Jewish and Christian greeting, rooted in the Hebrew word "shalom." It signifies not just the absence of conflict but a holistic sense of well-being, harmony, and divine blessing. In the context of John's letter, this blessing of peace serves as a prayer for the recipient's spiritual and communal well-being, reflecting the early church's emphasis on unity and love among believers.

The friends here send you greetings
The term "friends" (φίλοι, philoi) indicates a close-knit community of believers. This reflects the familial nature of the early church, where members were bound together by their shared faith in Christ. The act of sending greetings was a common practice in ancient letters, serving to strengthen the bonds between distant Christian communities and affirming their mutual support and love.

Greet the friends there by name
The instruction to "greet the friends there by name" underscores the personal nature of Christian fellowship. Naming individuals highlights their unique value and importance within the community. This practice of personal greeting reflects the early church's emphasis on recognizing and honoring each member, fostering a sense of belonging and personal care. It also serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of the body of Christ, transcending geographical and cultural boundaries.