I. עֵ֫בֶר₉₁ noun masculine^{1Samuel 14:40} region across or beyond, side (on formation compare Ba^{NB 144}; compare especially Assyrian êbru, êbirtu, id., êbirtan, adverb beyond); — ׳י absolute 1 Samuel 14:4 +; construct Joshua 24:4 +; suffix עֶבְרוֺ Isaiah 47:15; plural construct עֶבְרֵי Isaiah 7:20; Jeremiah 48:28 (si vera lectio, see below); suffix עֲבָרָיו 1 Kings 5:4; Jeremiah 49:32 (read probably עֶבְרֵיהֶם, so Vrss), עֶבְרֵיהֶם Exodus 32:15; —

1 region across or beyond anything (usually wady, river, or sea), mostly with preposition:בְּעֵבֶר אַרְנוֺן Numbers 21:13 (JE) Judges 11:18, compare Jeremiah 25:22; הַיָּם ׳אֶלעֿ Deuteronomy 30:13 b, מַעֵבֶר לַיָּם Deuteronomy 30:13 a beyond the sea; לְנַהֲרֵיכֿוּשׁ ׳מֵע Isaiah 18:1, compare ׳עַדמֵֿע 1 Kings 4:12 (מִן on the side of, on, see מִן

1c; so usually with ׳ע); but also (rarely) ׳מֵע from the other side of Zephaniah 3:10; Job 1:19; 2Chronicles 20:2; absolute ׳הַע 1 Samuel 26:13 to the other side (that is, of a ravine; after וַיַּעֲבֹר); בְּעֵבֶר הָעֵמֶק 1 Samuel 31:7, read perhaps ׳בְּעָרֵי הָע, so Klo Bu HPS; בְּעֶבְרֵי פִיפָֿ֑חַת Jeremiah 48:28 beyond the mouth of a chasm is dubious; Gie proposes בְּחֹרֵי כֵפֵי בַתֹּת in the rock-holes of the precipices; especially (chiefly Hexateuch, 37 t.) הַיַּרְדֵּן ׳ע (30 t.), or (less often, Joshua 13:32 13t.), לַיַּרְדֵּן, לְיַרְדֵּן יְרֵחוֺ (only with ׳מֵע), of either east Jordan (36 t.) or west Jordan land (9 t.) according to standpoint of speaker or writer:

A. east Jordan (from standpoint of writer) Genesis 50:10,11 (J) Joshua 17:5 (JE) Deuteronomy 1:1,5; Deuteronomy 4:41,46,47,49; Joshua 1:14; Joshua 12:1; Joshua 13:8 (D), Numbers 22:1; Numbers 32:19; Numbers 34:15; Joshua 13:27,32; Joshua 14:3; Joshua 20:8 (P), Judges 7:25; Judges 10:8; 1 Samuel 31:7; Isaiah 8:23; 1 Chronicles 6:63; 1 Chronicles 12:37; from standpoint of speaker, Joshua 7:7 (JE), Joshua 24:8 (E), Joshua 1:15; Joshua 2:10; Joshua 9:10; Joshua 18:7; Joshua 22:4 (D), Judges 5:17; in Numbers 35:14 (Moses speaks) it is land opposed to to Can., compare Numbers 32:32; in Deuteronomy 3:8 (Moses speaks) writer (D) ascribes his own standpoint to Moses; (often further topographical note is added, e.g. מִזְרָ֫חָה Deuteronomy 4:49 +, מִזְרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Joshua 1:15 +, etc.); ׳אֶלעֵֿבֶר בְּנֵי יִשְׂר Joshua 22:11 toward the region opposite the sons of Israel apparently also refers to east side (see Steuern on text).

B. West Jordan (9 t.), from standpoint of speaker Deuteronomy 3:20,25 (Moses), also Deuteronomy 11:30 (but here + מְכוֺא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, and in all following some special designation of West), + יָ֫מָּה Joshua 5:1 (D; from standpoint of those just crossed), Joshua 12:7 (opposite East Joshua 12:1-6), Joshua 22:7 (id.; Kt מעבר, Qr בְּעֵבֶר), compare Joshua 9:1 (as Joshua 5:1); + וָהָ֑לְאָה Numbers 32:19 a (opposite East v^b); in 1 Chronicles 26:30 מַעֲרָ֑בָה ׳לַיַּר ׳מֵע ׳ע seems = side (see below). Also הַנָּהָר ׳בְּע beyond the river (Euphrates) Joshua 24:2,14,15 (E; Kt Qr ׳מֵע), ׳מֵע 2 Samuel 10:16 = 1 Chronicles 19:16 beyond, and 1 Kings 14:5 to the other side of (see מִן 1c); ׳מֵע from beyond the river only Joshua 24:3 (E), in all these = beyond the Euphrase eastward, from standpoint of those west of Euphrase; so plural ׳בְּעֶבְרֵי הַנּ Isaiah 7:20; possibly also ׳ע alone (si vera lectio) in the difficult passage Numbers 24:24; הַנָּהָר ׳ע = region beyond the river (Euphrase) westward (from standpoint of those in Babylonia or Persia) Nehemiah 2:7,9; Nehemiah 3:7; Ezra 8:36; also 1 Kings 5:4 (twice in verse) (written in Babylonian; compare Biblical Aramaic עֲבַר, and Dr^{Intr (6) 504}). **Compare late Assyrian ebir nari Schr^{KB iv. 304, l. 7 from below; KAT 3. 188, 437}.

2 (Opposite) side, side: הַלָּז ׳מֵע 1 Samuel 14:1 on yonder side seems transition to this meaning; מִזֶּה ׳מֵהָע twice, 1 Samuel 14:4 = on one side, on the other side, so אֶחָד ׳לְע twice 1 Samuel 14:40; even מִשְּׁנֵי עִבְרֵיהֶם Exodus 32:15 (E) on their two sides (i.e. of tablets); הָאֵפוֺד בָּ֑יְתָה ׳אֶלעֿ Exodus 28:26 (P) toward the inner side of theephod; in 1 Kings 7:20,30 ׳ע apparently = at the side of or opposite, but the architectural details are obscure; מִכָּלעֲֿבָרָיו מִסָּבִיב 1 Kings 5:4 on all sides of him, round about, מִכָּלעֲֿבָרָיו Jeremiah 49:32 (read עֶבְרֵיהֶם Vrss Gie) from all sides of them (all directions, = מִכָּלסְֿבִיבָ֑יִךְ Jeremiah 49:5); אֶלעֵֿבֶר מָּנָיו יֵלֵ֑כוּ to the side of their faces (i.e. in front, straight forward) they (always) went Ezekiel 1:9,12; Ezekiel 10:22, compare מָּנֶיהָ ׳עַלעֿ Exodus 25:37 to give light upon the space in front of it; אִישׁ לְעֶבְרוֺ תָּעוּ Isaiah 47:15 they wander away each in his own direction (regardless of thee). — On 1 Chronicles 26:30 see above

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