2 Samuel 21:11
New International Version
When David was told what Aiah’s daughter Rizpah, Saul’s concubine, had done,

New Living Translation
When David learned what Rizpah, Saul’s concubine, had done,

English Standard Version
When David was told what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done,

Berean Standard Bible
When David was told what Saul’s concubine Rizpah, daughter of Aiah, had done,

King James Bible
And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.

New King James Version
And David was told what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.

New American Standard Bible
When it was reported to David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done,

NASB 1995
When it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done,

NASB 1977
When it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done,

Legacy Standard Bible
Then it was told to David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.

Amplified Bible
David was told what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.

Christian Standard Bible
When it was reported to David what Saul’s concubine Rizpah daughter of Aiah had done,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
When it was reported to David what Saul’s concubine Rizpah, daughter of Aiah, had done,

American Standard Version
And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.

English Revised Version
And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
When David was told what Saul's concubine Rizpah (Aiah's daughter) had done,

Good News Translation
When David heard what Rizpah had done,

International Standard Version
When David was informed what Rizpah, the daughter of Saul's mistress had done,

Majority Standard Bible
When David was told what Saul’s concubine Rizpah, daughter of Aiah, had done,

NET Bible
When David was told what Rizpah daughter of Aiah, Saul's concubine, had done,

New Heart English Bible
It was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the secondary wife of Saul, had done.

Webster's Bible Translation
And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah the concubine of Saul had done.

World English Bible
David was told what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And it is declared to David that which Rizpah daughter of Aiah, concubine of Saul, has done,

Young's Literal Translation
And it is declared to David that which Rizpah daughter of Aiah, concubine of Saul, hath done,

Smith's Literal Translation
And it will be announced to David what Rizpah the The hard copy spelling records the following as: daugherdaugther of Aiah, concubine of Saul did.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And it was told David, what Respha the daughter of Aia, the concubine of Saul, had done.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And it was reported to David what Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.

New American Bible
When David was informed of what Rizpah, Aiah’s daughter, the concubine of Saul, had done,

New Revised Standard Version
When David was told what Rizpah daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done,
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Ana, the concubine of Saul, had done.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And they revealed to David the thing that Retspa daughter of Ana the Concubine of Shaul had done
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And it was told David what Respha the daughter of Aia the concubine of Saul had done, and they were faint, and Dan, the son of Joa of the offspring of the giants overtook them.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
David Avenges the Gibeonites
10And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it out for herself on a rock. From the beginning of the harvest until the rain from heaven poured down on the bodies, she did not allow the birds of the air to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night. 11When David was told what Saul’s concubine Rizpah, daughter of Aiah, had done, 12he went and took the bones of Saul and his son Jonathan from the men of Jabesh-gilead, who had stolen them from the public square of Beth-shan where the Philistines had hung the bodies after they had struck down Saul at Gilboa.…

Cross References
1 Samuel 31:11-13
When the people of Jabesh-gilead heard what the Philistines had done to Saul, / all their men of valor set out, journeyed all night, and retrieved the bodies of Saul and his sons from the wall of Beth-shan. When they arrived at Jabesh, they burned the bodies there. / Then they took their bones and buried them under the tamarisk tree in Jabesh, and they fasted seven days.

2 Samuel 2:4-5
Then the men of Judah came to Hebron, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, “It was the men of Jabesh-gilead who buried Saul.” / So David sent messengers to the men of Jabesh-gilead to tell them, “The LORD bless you, because you showed this kindness to Saul your lord when you buried him.

2 Samuel 3:32-34
When they buried Abner in Hebron, the king wept aloud at Abner’s tomb, and all the people wept. / And the king sang this lament for Abner: “Should Abner die the death of a fool? / Your hands were not bound, your feet were not fettered. As a man falls before the wicked, so also you fell.” And all the people wept over him even more.

2 Samuel 9:1
Then David asked, “Is there anyone left from the house of Saul to whom I can show kindness for the sake of Jonathan?”

2 Samuel 19:1-2
Then it was reported to Joab, “The king is weeping and mourning over Absalom.” / And that day’s victory was turned into mourning for all the people, because on that day they were told, “The king is grieving over his son.”

1 Kings 2:7
But show loving devotion to the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite, and let them be among those who eat at your table, because they stood by me when I fled from your brother Absalom.

1 Chronicles 10:11-12
When all the people of Jabesh-gilead heard about everything the Philistines had done to Saul, / all their men of valor set out and retrieved the bodies of Saul and his sons and brought them to Jabesh. And they buried their bones under the oak in Jabesh and fasted seven days.

Ruth 1:8
Then Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, “Go back, each of you to your mother’s home. May the LORD show you loving devotion, as you have shown to your dead and to me.

Ruth 2:20
Then Naomi said to her daughter-in-law, “May he be blessed by the LORD, who has not withdrawn His kindness from the living or the dead.” Naomi continued, “The man is a close relative. He is one of our kinsman-redeemers.”

Genesis 23:19
After this, Abraham buried his wife Sarah in the cave of the field at Machpelah near Mamre (that is, Hebron) in the land of Canaan.

Genesis 50:10-11
When they reached the threshing floor of Atad, which is across the Jordan, they lamented and wailed loudly, and Joseph mourned for his father seven days. / When the Canaanites of the land saw the mourning at the threshing floor of Atad, they said, “This is a solemn ceremony of mourning by the Egyptians.” Thus the place across the Jordan is called Abel-mizraim.

Matthew 5:4
Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted.

Matthew 26:13
Truly I tell you, wherever this gospel is preached in all the world, what she has done will also be told in memory of her.”

Mark 14:9
And truly I tell you, wherever the gospel is preached in all the world, what she has done will also be told in memory of her.”

Luke 7:12-15
As He approached the town gate, He saw a dead man being carried out, the only son of his mother, and she was a widow. And a large crowd from the town was with her. / When the Lord saw her, He had compassion on her and said, “Do not weep.” / Then He went up and touched the coffin, and those carrying it stood still. “Young man,” He said, “I tell you, get up!” ...


Treasury of Scripture

And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.

told David

2 Samuel 2:4
And the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, saying, That the men of Jabeshgilead were they that buried Saul.

Ruth 2:11,12
And Boaz answered and said unto her, It hath fully been shewed me, all that thou hast done unto thy mother in law since the death of thine husband: and how thou hast left thy father and thy mother, and the land of thy nativity, and art come unto a people which thou knewest not heretofore…

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Aiah Ai'ah Concubine Daughter David Declared News Rizpah Saul Saul's Wives
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Aiah Ai'ah Concubine Daughter David Declared News Rizpah Saul Saul's Wives
2 Samuel 21
1. The three year Gibeonite famine ceases, by hanging seven of Saul's sons.
10. Rizpah's kindness unto the dead
12. David buries the bones of Saul and Jonathan in his father's tomb
15. Four battles against the Philistines, wherein four men of David slay four giants.














When David was told
This phrase indicates a moment of revelation or communication to King David. The Hebrew root for "told" is "נָגַד" (nagad), which means to make known or declare. This suggests that the actions of Rizpah were significant enough to be reported to the king, highlighting the importance of her actions in the narrative. In a historical context, communication to a king would typically involve matters of great importance, suggesting that Rizpah's actions had a profound impact on the community and on David himself.

what Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah
Rizpah is identified here by her lineage, "the daughter of Aiah," which is a common biblical method of establishing identity and heritage. The name Rizpah means "glowing coal" or "hot stone," which could symbolize her passionate and enduring spirit. Her lineage is significant as it ties her to the house of Saul, providing context for her actions and the subsequent events. Historically, lineage was crucial in Israelite society, often determining one's social standing and role within the community.

the concubine of Saul
Rizpah's status as a concubine of Saul places her in a complex social position. A concubine in ancient Israel was a woman who lived with a man but had lower status than a wife. This status often involved bearing children and maintaining the household. Rizpah's relationship with Saul adds layers to her actions, as she is acting out of loyalty and love for her deceased family. This highlights the personal and political ramifications of her actions, as they are intertwined with the legacy of Saul's house.

had done
The phrase "had done" refers to Rizpah's actions, which are detailed earlier in the chapter. The Hebrew root "עָשָׂה" (asah) means to do, make, or accomplish. Rizpah's actions were not passive; they were deliberate and purposeful. Her vigil over the bodies of her sons, protecting them from scavengers, was an act of profound love and devotion. This act of mourning and protection was a powerful statement in the cultural and religious context of the time, emphasizing the sanctity of the dead and the duty of the living to honor them. Her actions ultimately moved David to give the deceased a proper burial, reflecting the impact of her steadfastness and the divine justice that follows.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
When David
לְדָוִ֑ד (lə·ḏā·wiḏ)
Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1732: David -- perhaps 'beloved one', a son of Jesse

was told
וַיֻּגַּ֖ד (way·yug·gaḏ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hofal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5046: To be conspicuous

what
אֲשֶׁר־ (’ă·šer-)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

Saul’s
שָׁאֽוּל׃ (šā·’ūl)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 7586: Saul -- first king of Israel, also an Edomite and two Israelites

concubine
פִּלֶ֥גֶשׁ (pi·le·ḡeš)
Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 6370: A concubine, a paramour

Rizpah,
רִצְפָּ֥ה (riṣ·pāh)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 7532: Rizpah -- concubine of Saul

daughter
בַת־ (ḇaṯ-)
Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 1323: A daughter

of Aiah,
אַיָּ֖ה (’ay·yāh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 345: Aiah -- 'falcon', the name of a Horite, also of an Israelite

had done,
עָשְׂתָ֛ה (‘ā·śə·ṯāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 6213: To do, make


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OT History: 2 Samuel 21:11 It was told David what Rizpah (2Sa iiSam 2 Sam ii sam)
2 Samuel 21:10
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