When Pashhur the priest
The name "Pashhur" is of Hebrew origin, meaning "freedom" or "splitter." As a priest, Pashhur held a significant religious position, indicating his role in maintaining the spiritual and ceremonial order of the temple. His encounter with Jeremiah highlights the tension between established religious authority and prophetic truth. This tension is a recurring theme in the Bible, where God often uses prophets to challenge the status quo and call His people back to faithfulness.

the son of Immer
The mention of "Immer" situates Pashhur within a specific priestly lineage, emphasizing the hereditary nature of his office. The priestly divisions, established since the time of King David, were integral to the temple's function. This lineage underscores the weight of tradition and authority that Pashhur wielded, making his opposition to Jeremiah not just personal but institutional.

the chief officer in the house of the LORD
As "chief officer," Pashhur was responsible for maintaining order in the temple, a role that combined religious and administrative duties. The "house of the LORD" refers to the temple in Jerusalem, the center of Jewish worship and a symbol of God's presence among His people. Pashhur's position suggests he was deeply invested in the temple's operations, which Jeremiah's prophecies threatened by calling out the people's unfaithfulness.

heard Jeremiah prophesying these things
The act of "hearing" in Hebrew often implies not just auditory reception but also understanding and response. Pashhur's hearing of Jeremiah's prophecies indicates a confrontation between divine revelation and human authority. "Prophesying" involves speaking forth God's message, often calling for repentance and warning of judgment. Jeremiah's prophecies were particularly challenging, as they foretold the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple, which would have been deeply unsettling to someone like Pashhur, who was invested in the temple's continuity.

he had Jeremiah the prophet beaten
This phrase highlights the physical persecution faced by Jeremiah, a prophet called by God. The Hebrew root for "beaten" is "נכה" (nakah), which implies a violent striking or smiting. This act of violence against Jeremiah underscores the resistance and hostility that God's messengers often faced when delivering His messages. Historically, prophets were not only spiritual leaders but also social critics, and their messages often challenged the status quo, leading to such harsh treatment. This phrase serves as a reminder of the cost of discipleship and the courage required to stand firm in one's faith amidst opposition.

and put in the stocks
The "stocks" were a form of punishment and public humiliation. The Hebrew word used here is "מהפכת" (mahpeketh), which refers to a device that restrained the body in a painful position. This punishment was not only physically excruciating but also intended to disgrace the individual publicly. In the context of Jeremiah's ministry, this act symbolizes the rejection of God's word by the people and their leaders. It serves as a powerful illustration of the suffering that can accompany the proclamation of truth, yet it also highlights the prophet's steadfastness and commitment to his divine mission.

at the Upper Gate of Benjamin
The "Upper Gate of Benjamin" was a significant location in Jerusalem, likely situated near the northern part of the city, associated with the tribe of Benjamin. Gates in ancient cities were central places of commerce, legal proceedings, and public gatherings. By placing Jeremiah in the stocks at this location, Pashhur, the priest responsible for this act, intended to maximize the prophet's humiliation and discredit his message. This setting emphasizes the public nature of Jeremiah's persecution and the widespread rejection of his prophetic warnings.

at the house of the LORD
The "house of the LORD" refers to the temple in Jerusalem, the center of Jewish worship and religious life. Ironically, this place, which should have been a sanctuary of truth and justice, becomes the backdrop for Jeremiah's suffering. This juxtaposition highlights the spiritual corruption and apostasy of the religious leaders of the time. It serves as a poignant reminder of the dangers of religious institutions losing sight of their divine purpose and becoming instruments of oppression rather than beacons of God's truth and love.

The next day
This phrase indicates a specific time frame, emphasizing the immediacy of the events following Jeremiah's imprisonment. In the Hebrew context, the passage of time often signifies a transition or a divine intervention. The "next day" suggests that God's timing is precise and purposeful, highlighting His sovereignty over human affairs.

when Pashhur released Jeremiah from the stocks
Pashhur, a priest and chief officer in the house of the LORD, represents the religious authority of the time. His decision to release Jeremiah from the stocks, a form of public humiliation and punishment, underscores the tension between true prophetic voices and established religious institutions. The act of releasing Jeremiah signifies a temporary relief from persecution but also sets the stage for a prophetic declaration.

Jeremiah said to him
Jeremiah, known as the "weeping prophet," often faced opposition and suffering for his messages. His response to Pashhur is not one of personal vengeance but a declaration of God's judgment. This highlights the role of a prophet as a mouthpiece for God, delivering messages that are often unpopular but necessary for spiritual correction.

'The LORD does not call you Pashhur
The use of "The LORD" (Yahweh) emphasizes the divine authority behind Jeremiah's words. The name "Pashhur" means "freedom" or "prosperity," which is ironic given the judgment pronounced. This renaming signifies a divine redefinition of identity, where God sees beyond human titles and positions to the true nature of a person's actions and heart.

but Magor-missabib.'
The name "Magor-missabib" translates to "terror on every side." This prophetic renaming serves as a pronouncement of judgment and a forewarning of the consequences of opposing God's will. It reflects the biblical theme that those who reject God's messages and persecute His messengers will face divine retribution. This name change is a powerful reminder of the seriousness of aligning oneself against God's purposes and the inevitable fulfillment of His prophetic word.

For this is what the LORD says
This phrase underscores the authority and divine origin of the message. The Hebrew term for "LORD" is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. This introduction serves as a reminder that the words following are not Jeremiah's own, but a direct revelation from God, carrying the weight of divine authority and certainty.

I will make you a terror to yourself and to all your friends
The Hebrew word for "terror" is "māḡôr," which conveys a sense of fear and panic. This phrase indicates a reversal of fortune for Pashhur, the priest who opposed Jeremiah. Instead of being a figure of authority and respect, he will become a source of fear and dread, not only to himself but also to those around him. This reflects the biblical principle that those who oppose God's prophets and His message will ultimately face divine retribution.

With your own eyes you will see them fall by the sword of their enemies
The phrase "with your own eyes" emphasizes the personal and unavoidable nature of the judgment. Pashhur will witness the fulfillment of God's prophecy firsthand, underscoring the certainty and immediacy of divine judgment. The "sword of their enemies" symbolizes the instrument of God's judgment, often used in the Old Testament to denote warfare and destruction as a consequence of disobedience to God.

I will hand all Judah over to the king of Babylon
The phrase "hand over" is significant in the Hebrew context, often used to describe God delivering His people into the hands of their enemies as a form of judgment. The "king of Babylon" refers to Nebuchadnezzar, a historical figure known for his conquests and the Babylonian exile. This part of the prophecy highlights the sovereignty of God over nations and kings, using them as instruments to fulfill His divine purposes.

and he will carry them away to Babylon and put them to the sword
The act of being "carried away" signifies exile, a major theme in the prophetic literature, representing both punishment and purification for the people of Judah. "Put them to the sword" indicates the severity of the judgment, with death and destruction as consequences of persistent rebellion against God. This serves as a sobering reminder of the seriousness of sin and the inevitable justice of God.

I will deliver
The phrase "I will deliver" signifies a decisive action by God, indicating His sovereign control over the events that are about to unfold. The Hebrew root word here is "נָתַן" (natan), which means to give, put, or set. This conveys the idea that God is actively handing over the wealth and treasures of Jerusalem as a consequence of the people's disobedience. It underscores the theme of divine judgment that runs throughout the book of Jeremiah, reminding us that God is just and His decrees are fulfilled.

all the wealth of this city
The "wealth of this city" refers to the accumulated riches and resources of Jerusalem. Historically, Jerusalem was a significant city in the ancient Near East, known for its prosperity and strategic location. The Hebrew word for wealth, "חֹסֶן" (chosen), implies not just material riches but also the strength and security that wealth provides. This phrase highlights the totality of what will be lost due to the people's unfaithfulness, serving as a stark warning of the consequences of turning away from God.

all its products and valuables
This phrase emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the loss. "Products" and "valuables" suggest the fruits of labor and the precious items that were highly esteemed. The Hebrew words "יְגִיעַ" (yegia) for products and "יְקָר" (yeqar) for valuables indicate the toil and the esteemed possessions that will be taken. This serves as a reminder that earthly treasures are fleeting and can be easily lost when a nation or individual turns away from God's commandments.

and the treasures of the kings of Judah
The "treasures of the kings of Judah" refer to the royal wealth accumulated over generations. These treasures were not only material but also symbolic of the nation's glory and God's favor. The Hebrew word "אוֹצָר" (otzar) for treasures suggests a storehouse or treasury, indicating the vastness and value of what is to be lost. This loss signifies the end of an era and the removal of God's protection and blessing from the royal line due to their persistent idolatry and rebellion.

into the hands of their enemies
This phrase indicates the transfer of power and possession from the people of Judah to their adversaries. The Hebrew word "יָד" (yad) for hand often symbolizes power and control. The enemies, likely the Babylonians, are instruments of God's judgment. This serves as a sobering reminder that God can use even those who do not know Him to accomplish His purposes and bring about His justice.

who will plunder them, seize them, and carry them off to Babylon
The actions described—plundering, seizing, and carrying off—depict the complete and utter defeat of Jerusalem. The Hebrew verbs "בָּזַז" (bazaz) for plunder, "לָקַח" (laqach) for seize, and "הוֹלִיךְ" (holich) for carry off, convey the violence and finality of the conquest. Babylon, a symbol of worldly power and opposition to God, becomes the place of exile and judgment. This serves as a powerful reminder of the consequences of forsaking God and the reality of His warnings through the prophets. It also foreshadows the hope of eventual restoration, as God’s plans ultimately include redemption and return for His people.

And you, Pashhur
The name "Pashhur" is of Hebrew origin, meaning "freedom" or "splitter." Ironically, Pashhur, a priest and chief officer in the house of the Lord, is anything but free in this context. His actions against Jeremiah, a true prophet of God, have led to his own downfall. This highlights the biblical principle that those who oppose God's truth will ultimately face judgment. Historically, Pashhur represents the religious leaders who resisted prophetic warnings, a recurring theme in Israel's history.

and all who live in your house
This phrase indicates that the consequences of Pashhur's actions extend beyond himself to his entire household. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the household was a unit that included family members and servants. The collective punishment underscores the seriousness of leading others astray and the communal nature of sin and its repercussions. It serves as a sobering reminder of the responsibility leaders have over those in their care.

will go into captivity
The concept of captivity is central to the prophetic warnings in Jeremiah. The Hebrew root for "captivity" is "gālah," meaning to uncover or remove. This reflects the stripping away of security and identity that Israel would experience in exile. Historically, the Babylonian captivity was a pivotal event, marking a period of profound loss and reflection for the Jewish people. It serves as a divine chastisement intended to bring about repentance and restoration.

You will go to Babylon
Babylon, a symbol of worldly power and idolatry, is the destination of Pashhur's exile. The mention of Babylon is significant, as it was the instrument of God's judgment against Judah. Archaeologically, Babylon was a magnificent city, known for its grandeur and the infamous Tower of Babel. Spiritually, it represents the antithesis of God's kingdom, a place of exile for those who reject His covenant.

and there you will die and be buried
The finality of death and burial in a foreign land emphasizes the totality of Pashhur's judgment. In the ancient world, dying and being buried away from one's homeland was considered a great misfortune. This phrase underscores the severity of divine judgment and the ultimate consequence of living in opposition to God's will. It serves as a stark warning of the eternal consequences of sin.

you and all your friends
The inclusion of "friends" suggests that Pashhur was not alone in his opposition to Jeremiah. This highlights the danger of surrounding oneself with like-minded individuals who reinforce sinful behavior. Biblically, it serves as a caution against forming alliances that lead away from God's truth. The collective judgment of Pashhur and his friends illustrates the biblical principle that bad company corrupts good character (1 Corinthians 15:33).

to whom you have prophesied lies
The charge of prophesying lies is a grave one, as it involves leading others away from God's truth. The Hebrew word for "lies" is "sheqer," which denotes falsehood and deception. In the context of Jeremiah, false prophets were a significant problem, offering false hope and security. This phrase serves as a reminder of the importance of discernment and the need to test all teachings against the truth of God's Word. It underscores the responsibility of those who speak on behalf of God to do so with integrity and truthfulness.

You have deceived me, O LORD
The Hebrew word for "deceived" here is "פָּתָה" (pathah), which can also mean to entice or persuade. Jeremiah is expressing a deep sense of betrayal, feeling that God has led him into a difficult path without fully revealing the hardships he would face. This reflects the prophet's human struggle with his divine calling, a theme that resonates with the trials faced by many believers who feel led by God into challenging circumstances. Historically, prophets often faced persecution and misunderstanding, and Jeremiah's lament is a raw, honest expression of his emotional turmoil.

and I was deceived
This repetition emphasizes Jeremiah's feeling of being misled. The phrase underscores the depth of his anguish and the intensity of his relationship with God. In the Hebrew context, repetition is a literary device used to convey emphasis and emotional intensity. Jeremiah's lament is not just a complaint but a profound expression of his struggle to reconcile his faith with his experiences.

You have overcome me and prevailed
The Hebrew words "חָזַק" (chazaq) for "overcome" and "יָכֹל" (yakol) for "prevailed" suggest a sense of being overpowered or subdued. Jeremiah acknowledges God's sovereignty and power, even in his distress. This reflects the biblical theme of God's omnipotence and the believer's submission to His will, even when it leads to personal suffering. Historically, this struggle is seen in the lives of many biblical figures who were called to difficult tasks, illustrating the cost of discipleship.

I am a laughingstock all day long
The term "laughingstock" translates from the Hebrew "שְׂחוֹק" (sechoq), meaning mockery or derision. Jeremiah's prophetic messages were often met with scorn and ridicule, highlighting the prophet's isolation and the societal rejection of God's message. This phrase captures the loneliness and alienation that can accompany a life dedicated to proclaiming God's truth, a reality faced by many prophets and, by extension, believers who stand firm in their faith amidst a skeptical world.

everyone mocks me
The Hebrew root "לָעַג" (laag) for "mocks" conveys contempt and ridicule. Jeremiah's experience is a poignant reminder of the cost of prophetic ministry and the rejection that often accompanies speaking God's truth. This phrase reflects the broader biblical narrative of the prophet's role as a voice crying out in the wilderness, often unheeded and scorned by those who refuse to listen. It serves as an encouragement to believers to remain steadfast in their faith, even when faced with derision and opposition.

For whenever I speak
This phrase indicates a continual action, suggesting that Jeremiah's role as a prophet is not occasional but a constant calling. The Hebrew root for "speak" is "דָּבַר" (dabar), which implies not just speaking but declaring or proclaiming. Jeremiah's life was dedicated to delivering God's messages, often at great personal cost. This reflects the prophet's obedience and the weight of his divine commission.

I cry out
The Hebrew word "זָעַק" (za'aq) is used here, which means to cry out or call for help. This conveys a sense of urgency and distress. Jeremiah's prophetic messages were not just spoken; they were delivered with a deep emotional intensity. This highlights the prophet's empathy and the burden he felt for his people, as he was compelled to deliver God's warnings with passion and sincerity.

I proclaim
The word "קָרָא" (qara) in Hebrew means to call out or announce. This indicates that Jeremiah's messages were not whispered or hidden but boldly declared. The role of a prophet was to be a public voice for God, and Jeremiah fulfilled this role despite opposition. This phrase underscores the courage required to stand firm in one's convictions and the importance of proclaiming truth, regardless of the consequences.

violence and destruction
These words, "חָמָס" (chamas) for violence and "שֹׁד" (shod) for destruction, reflect the content of Jeremiah's prophecies. They were warnings of impending judgment due to the people's disobedience. Historically, this was a time of great turmoil for Judah, with threats from surrounding nations. Jeremiah's messages were not popular, as they confronted the people with the reality of their sin and the consequences that would follow.

the word of the LORD
This phrase emphasizes the divine origin of Jeremiah's message. The Hebrew "דְּבַר־יְהוָה" (devar-YHWH) signifies that these were not Jeremiah's own words but those given to him by God. This underscores the authority and authenticity of his prophecies. In a conservative Christian perspective, this highlights the belief in the inerrancy and divine inspiration of Scripture.

has become to me
This indicates a transformation in Jeremiah's experience. The Hebrew "הָיָה" (hayah) suggests a state of being or becoming. Jeremiah's relationship with God's word was not static; it was dynamic and deeply personal. This reflects the transformative power of engaging with God's word, which can profoundly impact one's life and mission.

a reproach and derision
The words "חֶרְפָּה" (cherpah) for reproach and "קֶלֶס" (qeles) for derision indicate the social and personal cost of Jeremiah's prophetic ministry. He faced mockery and scorn from those who rejected his message. This highlights the theme of suffering for righteousness, a common experience for those who stand for truth in a world that often opposes it.

all day long
This phrase underscores the relentless nature of Jeremiah's trials. The Hebrew "כָּל־הַיּוֹם" (kol-hayom) suggests a continuous, unending experience. Jeremiah's faithfulness in the face of constant opposition serves as an inspiration for believers to persevere in their own spiritual journeys, trusting that God is with them through every challenge.

If I say
This phrase introduces a hypothetical scenario, reflecting Jeremiah's internal struggle. The Hebrew root here is "אָמַר" (amar), which means to say or declare. It indicates a conscious decision or thought process. Jeremiah is contemplating the possibility of silence, a significant consideration given his role as a prophet. This reflects the human tendency to retreat from difficult tasks, especially when faced with persecution or hardship.

I will not mention Him
The word "mention" comes from the Hebrew "זָכַר" (zakar), meaning to remember or call to mind. Jeremiah is considering not bringing God to mind publicly, a drastic step for a prophet whose life is dedicated to proclaiming God's word. This highlights the intense pressure and opposition Jeremiah faced, making him consider withholding his prophetic duties.

or speak any more in His name
To "speak" in Hebrew is "דָּבַר" (dabar), which means to declare or converse. Speaking "in His name" signifies acting with God's authority. Jeremiah is contemplating ceasing to act as God's spokesperson. This phrase underscores the weight of prophetic responsibility and the personal cost of delivering God's messages, especially when they are unwelcome.

His message becomes a fire
The imagery of "fire" is powerful, symbolizing passion, purification, and divine presence. The Hebrew word "אֵשׁ" (esh) is often associated with God's holiness and judgment. Jeremiah experiences God's word as an uncontainable force within him, illustrating the compelling nature of divine truth that cannot be suppressed.

burning in my heart
The "heart" in Hebrew, "לֵב" (lev), represents the inner being, including mind, will, and emotions. The burning signifies an intense, consuming passion that affects Jeremiah's entire being. This reflects the transformative power of God's word, which deeply impacts those who receive it.

shut up in my bones
"Bones" in Hebrew, "עֶצֶם" (etsem), often symbolize strength and essence. The phrase suggests an internalized, inescapable presence of God's word. It conveys the idea that the divine message is integral to Jeremiah's very structure, emphasizing the prophet's inability to separate himself from his calling.

I become weary of holding it in
The word "weary" comes from the Hebrew "לָאָה" (la'ah), meaning to be exhausted or tired. Jeremiah's struggle to contain God's word leads to fatigue, highlighting the unsustainable nature of resisting divine compulsion. This weariness underscores the relentless drive of God's message to be proclaimed.

and I cannot prevail
The phrase "cannot prevail" indicates an inability to succeed in suppressing the message. The Hebrew "יָכֹל" (yakol) means to be able or to prevail. Jeremiah acknowledges his defeat in trying to resist God's call, illustrating the overpowering nature of divine purpose. This surrender to God's will is a testament to the irresistible force of His word, which ultimately triumphs over human reluctance.

For I have heard the whispering of many
The Hebrew word for "whispering" is "דִּבָּה" (dibbah), which often implies a secretive or slanderous report. In the context of Jeremiah's life, this reflects the constant undercurrent of opposition he faced. The prophet was surrounded by those who sought to undermine his message and his character. Historically, prophets often faced resistance, as their messages were countercultural and challenged the status quo. This phrase highlights the loneliness and isolation Jeremiah felt, as even those around him were plotting against him.

'Terror on every side!
The phrase "terror on every side" is translated from the Hebrew "מִגּוּר מִסָּבִיב" (magor missabib). This expression captures the pervasive fear and danger that surrounded Jeremiah. It is both a literal and metaphorical description of the threats he faced. In a broader biblical context, this phrase is used to describe situations of extreme peril and divine judgment. Jeremiah's use of this phrase underscores the intensity of the opposition and the spiritual warfare he was engaged in.

Report him; let us report him!
The call to "report" is from the Hebrew "נַגִּידָה" (nagidah), which means to declare or announce. This reflects the active efforts of Jeremiah's adversaries to bring accusations against him. In the ancient Near Eastern context, public denunciation could lead to severe consequences, including imprisonment or death. This phrase reveals the malicious intent of those who sought to silence Jeremiah's prophetic voice.

All my friends are waiting for me to slip
The term "friends" here is translated from "אֲנָשִׁים שְׁלוֹמִי" (anashim shelomi), meaning "men of my peace" or "trusted companions." This indicates a deep betrayal, as those who should have been supportive were instead anticipating his downfall. This reflects a common biblical theme where true loyalty is tested in times of trial. Jeremiah's experience is reminiscent of other biblical figures who faced betrayal, such as David and Jesus.

saying, 'Perhaps he will be deceived
The word "deceived" comes from the Hebrew "יֵפָתֶה" (yepatheh), which implies being led astray or enticed. This suggests that Jeremiah's adversaries hoped he would falter in his mission or message, thus discrediting him. The notion of deception is a recurring theme in scripture, often associated with the work of the enemy to thwart God's plans. Jeremiah's steadfastness in the face of such hopes for his failure is a testament to his faith and commitment to God's calling.

so that we may prevail against him
The desire to "prevail" is from the Hebrew "וְנִתְקַבְּרָה" (venitkabbrah), meaning to overpower or conquer. This reflects the adversaries' intent not just to silence Jeremiah, but to completely defeat him. In the spiritual context, this is indicative of the battle between truth and falsehood, light and darkness. Jeremiah's perseverance in the face of such opposition serves as an inspiration for believers to remain faithful amidst trials.

and take our revenge on him
The concept of "revenge" is captured by the Hebrew "וְנִקְּחָה נִקְמָתֵנוּ" (venikkachah niqmatenu), which implies retribution or vengeance. This reveals the personal animosity and vindictiveness of Jeremiah's enemies. Biblically, vengeance is often contrasted with God's justice, reminding believers that ultimate judgment belongs to the Lord. Jeremiah's reliance on God for vindication is a powerful example of trusting in divine justice rather than seeking personal retribution.

But the LORD is with me
This phrase emphasizes the personal relationship and assurance of God's presence with Jeremiah. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, signifying His eternal, self-existent nature and His faithfulness to His promises. The phrase "is with me" reflects the intimate and protective presence of God, reminiscent of God's promise to be with His people throughout the Old Testament, such as in Joshua 1:9. This assurance is foundational for believers, reminding them that God is not distant but actively involved in their lives.

like a fearsome warrior
The imagery of God as a "fearsome warrior" conveys His power and might. The Hebrew word "gibbor" often describes a mighty or valiant warrior, emphasizing strength and the ability to protect and deliver. This metaphor reassures Jeremiah and the faithful that God is not only present but also actively fighting on their behalf. Historically, this reflects the ancient Near Eastern context where gods were often depicted as warriors, but here, it is the one true God who is the ultimate warrior, unmatched in power and authority.

Therefore my persecutors will stumble and not prevail
The word "persecutors" refers to those who oppose and seek to harm Jeremiah. The promise that they "will stumble and not prevail" is a declaration of divine justice. The Hebrew root for "stumble" (kashal) implies a sudden fall or failure, often used in the context of divine intervention against the wicked. This assurance is a recurring theme in Scripture, where God promises that the plans of the wicked will ultimately fail (Psalm 37:12-13). It encourages believers to trust in God's justice, even when facing opposition.

Since they have not succeeded
This phrase highlights the futility of the efforts of Jeremiah's enemies. The Hebrew root "tsalach" for "succeeded" often denotes prosperity or success. Here, it underscores the certainty of God's protection over His servant, ensuring that the plans of the wicked will not come to fruition. This serves as a reminder that God's purposes will always prevail, and His servants can rest in that assurance.

they will be utterly put to shame
The concept of being "put to shame" in Hebrew (bosh) involves public disgrace and humiliation. This is not merely a personal embarrassment but a divine judgment that exposes the folly and failure of those who oppose God's will. The phrase underscores the ultimate vindication of the righteous and the exposure of the wicked, a theme prevalent throughout the prophetic literature.

with an everlasting disgrace
The term "everlasting" (olam) in Hebrew signifies perpetuity, emphasizing the eternal nature of the disgrace that will befall Jeremiah's enemies. This is a sobering reminder of the consequences of opposing God's anointed and His purposes. It reflects the biblical principle that while God's mercy is vast, His justice is also sure and eternal.

that will never be forgotten
This final phrase underscores the permanence of God's judgment. The Hebrew concept of memory (zakar) often involves more than mere recollection; it signifies a lasting impact or legacy. The disgrace of the wicked will serve as a perpetual reminder of God's justice and the futility of opposing Him. For believers, this is a call to live in alignment with God's will, knowing that their actions have eternal significance.

O LORD of Hosts
This phrase emphasizes the sovereignty and supreme authority of God over all heavenly armies. The Hebrew term "Yahweh Sabaoth" reflects God's omnipotence and His role as a divine warrior. Historically, this title reassures believers of God's power to protect and deliver His people, as seen throughout Israel's history, where God intervened in battles and conflicts.

who tests the righteous
The Hebrew word for "tests" is "bachan," which means to examine or scrutinize. This phrase indicates that God evaluates the faithfulness and integrity of His people. The testing of the righteous is a recurring theme in Scripture, illustrating that trials are a means for spiritual growth and purification, as seen in the lives of figures like Job and Abraham.

and sees the heart and mind
The Hebrew words "lev" (heart) and "kilyah" (mind or kidneys) denote the inner being and deepest thoughts of a person. This phrase underscores God's omniscience, His ability to perceive beyond outward appearances and understand the true intentions and emotions of individuals. It serves as a reminder that nothing is hidden from God, aligning with passages like 1 Samuel 16:7, where God looks at the heart.

let me see Your vengeance upon them
Here, Jeremiah appeals for divine justice. The term "vengeance" in Hebrew, "naqam," refers to God's righteous retribution against wrongdoing. This plea is not for personal revenge but for God's justice to prevail, reflecting a deep trust in God's moral order and His promise to uphold justice for the oppressed.

for to You I have committed my cause
The act of committing one's cause to God, as expressed by the Hebrew word "galal," meaning to roll or entrust, signifies a profound reliance on God's wisdom and justice. Jeremiah's declaration is an act of faith, entrusting his situation entirely to God, reminiscent of other biblical figures who placed their trust in God's hands, such as King David in the Psalms.

Sing to the LORD!
The Hebrew word for "sing" is "שִׁירוּ" (shiru), which is a call to vocalize joy and worship. In the context of ancient Israel, singing was a communal activity, often accompanied by instruments, and was a primary means of expressing devotion and gratitude to God. This phrase is an imperative, urging believers to lift their voices in acknowledgment of God's sovereignty and goodness. Singing to the LORD is an act of worship that transcends mere words, engaging the heart and spirit in a profound expression of faith.

Praise the LORD!
The Hebrew word for "praise" is "הַלְלוּ" (halelu), from which we derive "Hallelujah," meaning "Praise Yahweh." This phrase is a call to glorify God, recognizing His majesty and power. In the historical context, praising God was not only a personal act but also a public declaration of His deeds and character. It serves as a reminder of the importance of acknowledging God's role in our lives and the world, reinforcing the community's faith and trust in Him.

For He rescues the life of the needy
The word "rescues" comes from the Hebrew "נָצַל" (natsal), meaning to deliver or save. This phrase highlights God's role as a deliverer and protector, particularly for those who are vulnerable or oppressed. The "needy" refers to those who are poor, afflicted, or in distress, emphasizing God's compassion and justice. Throughout Scripture, God is portrayed as a defender of the marginalized, and this verse reaffirms His commitment to their well-being. It is a powerful reminder of God's active involvement in the lives of His people, offering hope and assurance of His saving power.

from the hands of the wicked
The "hands" symbolize power and control, and the "wicked" refers to those who act in opposition to God's will, often oppressing or harming others. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the wicked were those who violated the covenantal laws and moral codes established by God. This phrase underscores the reality of evil in the world and the ongoing struggle between righteousness and wickedness. However, it also affirms God's ultimate authority and ability to deliver His people from evil forces. It serves as a reassurance that, despite the presence of wickedness, God's justice will prevail, and He will protect and vindicate His faithful ones.

Cursed be the day
The Hebrew word for "cursed" is "אָרוּר" (arur), which conveys a strong denunciation or expression of deep regret. In the ancient Near Eastern context, curses were serious pronouncements that invoked divine disfavor. Jeremiah's use of this word reflects his profound anguish and despair. This is not a casual lament but a deep, heartfelt cry from a prophet who feels overwhelmed by the burden of his calling. The day of one's birth is typically a time of joy and celebration, yet Jeremiah's inversion of this sentiment underscores the depth of his suffering.

I was born
The act of being born is a significant event in biblical narratives, often associated with divine purpose and destiny. In Hebrew, "יָלַד" (yalad) is the root for "born," emphasizing the beginning of life. Jeremiah's lament here is not just about his physical birth but also about the life of hardship and persecution he has faced as a prophet. His birth, which should have been a blessing, feels like a curse due to the relentless opposition he encounters.

May the day
The repetition of "day" in this verse highlights the specific moment in time that Jeremiah wishes to erase. In biblical terms, a "day" can symbolize a period of divine action or intervention. Jeremiah's wish to nullify the day of his birth suggests a desire to escape the divine mission that has brought him so much pain. This reflects a common human struggle with accepting difficult callings or circumstances that seem overwhelming.

my mother bore me
The phrase "my mother bore me" uses the Hebrew root "יָלַד" (yalad) again, emphasizing the intimate and personal nature of birth. In ancient Israel, motherhood was revered, and the act of bearing a child was seen as a blessing from God. Jeremiah's lament, therefore, is not just a personal cry but also a cultural and theological paradox. He is questioning the very blessing of life that is celebrated in his culture, highlighting the depth of his internal conflict.

never be blessed
The Hebrew word for "blessed" is "בָּרוּךְ" (baruch), which is often used to invoke divine favor and prosperity. Jeremiah's wish that the day of his birth "never be blessed" is a stark reversal of the typical Jewish blessing. This reflects his profound sense of isolation and despair, feeling as though his life has brought more curse than blessing. In a broader theological context, this lament can be seen as a precursor to the hope of redemption, as it acknowledges the brokenness of the world and the need for divine intervention.

Cursed be the man
The word "cursed" in Hebrew is "אָרוּר" (arur), which signifies a solemn invocation of divine judgment upon someone. In the context of Jeremiah, this curse reflects the prophet's deep anguish and despair. Jeremiah, often called the "weeping prophet," faced immense persecution and personal suffering. This phrase underscores the intensity of his emotional turmoil, as he laments the very announcement of his birth. It is a hyperbolic expression of his distress, not a literal wish for harm upon the messenger.

who brought my father the news
The act of bringing news, especially of a birth, was traditionally a moment of joy and celebration in ancient cultures. The Hebrew word for "news" is "בְּשֹׂרָה" (besorah), which can also mean "good news" or "glad tidings." In this context, however, the announcement becomes a source of regret for Jeremiah. This reflects the prophet's profound sense of isolation and the burden of his prophetic mission, which has turned what should have been a joyful occasion into a source of lament.

saying, 'A son is born to you,'
The birth of a son in ancient Israel was often seen as a blessing and a continuation of the family line. Sons were particularly valued for their role in providing for the family and carrying on the family name. The Hebrew word for "son" is "בֵּן" (ben), which is a term of endearment and significance. Jeremiah's lamentation here is deeply personal, as he questions the very purpose of his existence given the suffering he endures. It highlights the tension between cultural expectations of joy at a son's birth and the personal reality of Jeremiah's life.

bringing him great joy
The phrase "great joy" in Hebrew is "שִׂמְחָה גְדוֹלָה" (simchah gedolah). Joy, or "שִׂמְחָה" (simchah), is a central theme in the Hebrew Scriptures, often associated with God's blessings and favor. However, Jeremiah's use of this phrase is deeply ironic. The joy that should accompany the birth of a son is overshadowed by the prophet's profound sense of despair and the heavy burden of his calling. This contrast serves to emphasize the depth of Jeremiah's suffering and the cost of his prophetic ministry.

May that man
This phrase refers to the man who brought the news of Jeremiah's birth, which Jeremiah curses in his lament. In the broader context of Jeremiah 20, the prophet is expressing deep anguish and frustration over his calling and the persecution he faces. The Hebrew word for "man" here is "אִישׁ" (ish), which can denote a person or individual, emphasizing the personal nature of Jeremiah's lament.

be like the cities
The cities referenced here are those that faced divine judgment and destruction. Historically, this could allude to cities like Sodom and Gomorrah, which were destroyed due to their wickedness. The imagery of cities being overthrown serves as a powerful metaphor for complete and utter devastation.

the LORD overthrew
The Hebrew root for "overthrew" is "הָפַךְ" (haphak), which means to overturn or destroy. This action is attributed to the LORD, indicating divine judgment. The use of this term underscores the severity of the curse Jeremiah is pronouncing, as it invokes the image of God's righteous judgment.

without compassion
The phrase "without compassion" highlights the totality and finality of the judgment. The Hebrew word for compassion is "רַחֲמִים" (rachamim), which is often associated with mercy and tender love. The absence of compassion in this context emphasizes the irreversible nature of the divine judgment that Jeremiah wishes upon the man.

May he hear a cry in the morning
The "cry" in the morning suggests a sudden and unexpected calamity. In ancient times, the morning was often a time of peace and new beginnings, so a cry at this time would be particularly jarring. This phrase conveys the idea of perpetual distress and alarm.

and a shout of battle at noon
The "shout of battle" at noon signifies ongoing conflict and turmoil. Noon, being the height of the day, represents a time when one might expect calm and productivity. Instead, Jeremiah wishes for continuous strife and warfare, symbolizing relentless adversity. The historical context of battles often occurring during daylight hours adds to the intensity of this imagery.

For he did not kill me in the womb
This phrase reflects Jeremiah's deep anguish and despair. The Hebrew word for "kill" here is "הָרַג" (harag), which conveys a sense of being slain or destroyed. Jeremiah is lamenting his birth, expressing a wish that he had never been born. This sentiment echoes the profound suffering and rejection he faced as a prophet. In the historical context, Jeremiah's ministry was marked by persecution and hardship, as he delivered messages of impending judgment to a rebellious nation. His lament is reminiscent of Job's similar expressions of despair (Job 3:11), highlighting the intense emotional and spiritual struggles faced by those called to deliver God's messages in times of national apostasy.

that my mother might have been my grave
The imagery of the womb as a grave is stark and poignant. The Hebrew word for "grave" is "קֶבֶר" (qeber), which signifies a burial place. Jeremiah is expressing a wish that his life had ended before it began, that the place of life (the womb) would have been his final resting place. This reflects the depth of his sorrow and the burden of his prophetic calling. In a broader scriptural context, this lament can be seen as a reflection of the human condition under sin, where life is often marked by suffering and the shadow of death. Yet, it also points to the hope of redemption and resurrection, where the grave is not the end for those who trust in God.

and her womb forever enlarged
The phrase "forever enlarged" uses the Hebrew word "הַרְחָבָה" (harchavah), which means to be made wide or spacious. Jeremiah is poetically expressing a desire that his mother's womb would have been his eternal resting place, never giving birth. This hyperbolic language underscores the intensity of his lament. Historically, Jeremiah's life was one of relentless opposition and sorrow, as he witnessed the decline of Judah and the destruction of Jerusalem. His lament is a cry from the depths of despair, yet it also serves as a reminder of the cost of faithfulness to God's calling. In the broader biblical narrative, such expressions of lament are not without hope, as they ultimately point to God's promise of restoration and new life beyond the grave.

Why did I come out of the womb
This phrase reflects a deep existential questioning that Jeremiah experiences. The Hebrew root for "womb" is "בֶּטֶן" (beten), which signifies the innermost part of a person, often used metaphorically for the source of life. Jeremiah's lament here is not just personal but echoes the broader human struggle with purpose and suffering. In the context of his prophetic ministry, Jeremiah feels the weight of his calling, which has brought him more anguish than joy. This question is reminiscent of Job's lament in Job 3:11, where he questions the purpose of his birth amidst suffering. It highlights the universal human experience of questioning one's existence in the face of adversity.

to see only trouble and sorrow
The Hebrew words for "trouble" (עָמָל, amal) and "sorrow" (יָגוֹן, yagon) convey a sense of laborious toil and deep emotional pain. Jeremiah's life as a prophet was marked by constant opposition, rejection, and persecution. Historically, Jeremiah prophesied during a tumultuous period in Judah's history, facing the impending Babylonian exile. His message was often one of impending judgment, which was not well-received by his contemporaries. This phrase captures the essence of his prophetic burden, as he was called to witness and proclaim difficult truths to a rebellious nation. It serves as a reminder of the cost of faithfulness to God's calling, often involving personal sacrifice and suffering.

and to end my days in shame?
The concept of "shame" (בֹּשֶׁת, boshet) in Hebrew culture is deeply tied to one's honor and reputation. For Jeremiah, ending his days in shame would mean a life perceived as unfulfilled or dishonored, especially in the eyes of his community. This reflects the prophet's internal struggle with the apparent lack of visible success or vindication in his ministry. Despite his faithfulness, Jeremiah faced ridicule and scorn, leading him to question the outcome of his life's work. From a scriptural perspective, this highlights the tension between earthly perceptions of success and divine approval. It encourages believers to remain steadfast, trusting that God's purposes transcend immediate circumstances and that ultimate vindication comes from Him alone.