After the Sabbath
This phrase marks a significant transition from the Jewish Sabbath, a day of rest and worship, to the dawn of a new era. The Sabbath, observed from Friday evening to Saturday evening, was a cornerstone of Jewish life, symbolizing rest and covenant with God. The Greek word for Sabbath, "sabbaton," reflects this period of rest. The mention of "after the Sabbath" indicates the completion of the old covenant and the beginning of a new creation in Christ, as the resurrection ushers in a new covenant of grace and eternal rest in Jesus.

at dawn on the first day of the week
The phrase "at dawn" signifies the early morning, a time of new beginnings and hope. The Greek word "epiphosko" suggests the breaking of light, symbolizing the light of Christ overcoming the darkness of death. "The first day of the week" refers to Sunday, which became the Lord's Day for Christians, commemorating Jesus' resurrection. This day marks a shift from the Jewish Sabbath to a new day of worship and celebration, highlighting the transformative power of the resurrection in Christian faith.

Mary Magdalene and the other Mary
Mary Magdalene is a prominent figure in the Gospels, known for her devotion to Jesus. Her presence at the tomb underscores her role as a faithful disciple. The "other Mary" is likely Mary the mother of James and Joseph, as mentioned in Matthew 27:56. The inclusion of women as the first witnesses to the resurrection is significant, as it challenges the cultural norms of the time, where women's testimonies were often undervalued. This highlights the inclusive nature of the Gospel and the elevation of women in the early Christian community.

went to see the tomb
The act of going to the tomb demonstrates the women's courage and devotion. Despite the potential danger and uncertainty, they sought to honor Jesus, reflecting their deep love and commitment. The Greek word "erchomai," meaning "to come" or "to go," indicates a purposeful action. Their journey to the tomb is a testament to their faith and sets the stage for the revelation of the resurrection. This moment of seeking becomes a pivotal point in the Gospel narrative, as it leads to the discovery of the empty tomb and the announcement of Jesus' victory over death.

And behold
The word "behold" is a call to attention, urging the reader to focus on the extraordinary event that is about to be described. In the Greek, "ἰδοὺ" (idou) serves as an imperative, drawing the audience into the narrative with a sense of immediacy and wonder. This word sets the stage for the miraculous, inviting believers to witness the power of God in action.

there was a great earthquake
The phrase "great earthquake" is significant both symbolically and literally. The Greek word for earthquake, "σεισμός" (seismos), indicates a powerful shaking of the earth. Historically, earthquakes in the Bible often accompany divine revelation or intervention, such as at Mount Sinai (Exodus 19:18). This seismic event underscores the magnitude of the resurrection, marking it as a pivotal moment in salvation history.

for an angel of the Lord
The presence of "an angel of the Lord" signifies divine action and authority. Angels, or "ἄγγελος" (angelos) in Greek, are messengers of God, often appearing at critical moments to deliver God's word or enact His will. This angel's involvement highlights the heavenly endorsement of the resurrection, affirming its divine origin and purpose.

descended from heaven
The phrase "descended from heaven" emphasizes the angel's divine origin and mission. In biblical cosmology, heaven is the dwelling place of God and His angels. The descent signifies a direct intervention from the divine realm into the earthly sphere, bridging the gap between God and humanity through the resurrection of Jesus.

and rolled away the stone
The action of "rolled away the stone" is both literal and symbolic. The Greek verb "ἀποκυλίω" (apokylio) means to roll away or remove. This act not only physically opens the tomb but also symbolizes the removal of barriers between humanity and God. It signifies the triumph over death and the opening of the way to eternal life through Christ.

and sat on it
The angel "sat on it," indicating a position of authority and completion. In ancient times, sitting was a posture of teaching or judgment. By sitting on the stone, the angel demonstrates the finality of Christ's victory over death. It is a visual proclamation that the work of salvation is accomplished, and the power of the grave is defeated. This act reassures believers of the certainty and permanence of the resurrection.

His appearance
The Greek word used here is "εἶδος" (eidos), which refers to the outward appearance or form. In the context of Matthew 28:3, this word emphasizes the extraordinary and divine nature of the angel's presence. The appearance of the angel is not merely human but reflects the glory and majesty of heaven. This aligns with other biblical accounts where divine messengers are described with awe-inspiring appearances, underscoring the holiness and power of God. The angel's appearance serves as a visual testament to the divine intervention and the miraculous nature of the resurrection event.

was like lightning
The comparison to "lightning" (Greek: "ἀστραπή" - astrapē) conveys a sense of suddenness, brilliance, and overwhelming power. Lightning is often associated with divine revelation and the presence of God throughout Scripture, such as in Exodus 19:16 during the giving of the Law at Mount Sinai. This imagery suggests that the angel's presence is both awe-inspiring and fear-inducing, reflecting the majesty and authority of God. The use of "lightning" also symbolizes the purity and holiness of the angelic being, as well as the transformative power of the resurrection.

and his clothing
The Greek term "ἔνδυμα" (enduma) refers to garments or attire. In biblical times, clothing often symbolized one's status, role, or identity. The description of the angel's clothing in this verse highlights the heavenly origin and purity of the messenger. It serves as a visual representation of the angel's divine mission and the sacredness of the message being delivered. The emphasis on clothing also draws a parallel to the transfiguration of Jesus, where His garments became dazzling white, signifying His divine nature and glory.

was white as snow
The phrase "white as snow" (Greek: "λευκὸν ὡς χιών" - leukon hōs chiōn) is a powerful symbol of purity, holiness, and righteousness. Snow, in its untouched form, is one of the purest substances found in nature, and its whiteness is often used in Scripture to represent moral and spiritual purity. This imagery reinforces the idea that the angel is a holy messenger from God, bringing a message of hope and redemption. The whiteness of the angel's clothing also serves as a stark contrast to the darkness of the tomb, symbolizing the victory of light over darkness and life over death through the resurrection of Jesus Christ.

The guards
The term "guards" refers to the Roman soldiers assigned to watch over Jesus' tomb. Historically, Roman guards were known for their discipline and bravery, making their reaction in this verse particularly significant. The presence of Roman guards underscores the importance the authorities placed on ensuring Jesus' body remained in the tomb, as they were aware of His prophecy about rising on the third day. This detail highlights the divine power at work, as even the most disciplined soldiers were overwhelmed.

trembled
The Greek word used here is "eseisthēsan," which conveys a sense of shaking or quaking. This trembling is not merely a physical reaction but also an emotional and spiritual one, indicating the profound impact of the angelic presence. In the biblical context, trembling often accompanies encounters with the divine, reflecting the awe and reverence due to God's power and holiness.

in fear of him
The phrase "in fear of him" points to the angel of the Lord, whose appearance was like lightning, as described in the preceding verses. The fear experienced by the guards is a common biblical response to angelic appearances, which often signify God's intervention in human affairs. This fear is not just terror but a recognition of the divine authority and the supernatural event unfolding before them.

and became like dead men
This expression indicates a state of paralysis or unconsciousness, suggesting that the guards were so overwhelmed by the angel's presence that they were rendered immobile. In a broader theological sense, this reaction symbolizes the powerlessness of human strength and authority in the face of God's sovereign will. The imagery of becoming "like dead men" contrasts with the resurrection life that Jesus embodies, emphasizing the transformative power of the resurrection event.

The angel said to the women
In this phrase, the presence of "the angel" is significant. Angels in the Bible are messengers of God, often bringing divine revelation or guidance. The Greek word for angel, "ἄγγελος" (angelos), means messenger. This highlights the divine authority and the importance of the message being delivered. The fact that the angel speaks "to the women" is also noteworthy. Women were the first to witness the resurrection, which underscores the inclusive nature of the Gospel and the breaking of societal norms, as women were not typically considered reliable witnesses in the first-century Jewish context.

Do not be afraid
The phrase "Do not be afraid" is a common reassurance found throughout Scripture when divine beings appear to humans. The Greek phrase "μὴ φοβεῖσθε" (mē phobeisthe) is a command to release fear. This reflects God's understanding of human nature and His desire to comfort and assure His people. The resurrection of Jesus is a pivotal moment in Christian faith, and the angel's reassurance is a reminder that God's plans are for hope and not fear.

for I know that you are looking for Jesus
The angel acknowledges the women's intent, "for I know that you are looking for Jesus." This demonstrates God's omniscience and personal involvement in the lives of believers. The Greek word "οἶδα" (oida) implies a deep, intimate knowledge. The women’s search for Jesus is symbolic of the spiritual quest of all believers seeking truth and salvation. It also highlights the importance of seeking Jesus with sincerity and devotion.

who was crucified
The phrase "who was crucified" is a direct reference to the recent events of Jesus' crucifixion. The Greek term "σταυρόω" (stauroō) means to crucify, and it was a method of execution reserved for the most serious offenders. This underscores the gravity of Jesus' sacrifice and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies regarding the Messiah's suffering. It also serves as a reminder of the cost of sin and the depth of God's love for humanity, as Jesus willingly endured crucifixion for the redemption of mankind.

He is not here
This phrase marks the profound reality of the resurrection. The Greek word for "here" is "hōde," indicating a specific location. The angel's declaration that Jesus is not in the tomb signifies the defeat of death and the fulfillment of prophecy. Historically, the empty tomb is a cornerstone of Christian faith, affirming that Jesus has risen, as He promised. This absence from the tomb is not a loss but a victory, a testament to the power of God over the grave.

He has risen
The Greek term "ēgerthē" is used here, meaning "to rise" or "to awaken." This word is pivotal, as it encapsulates the miracle of the resurrection. In the Jewish context, resurrection was a future hope, but Jesus' rising from the dead brings that future hope into the present reality. This event is the foundation of Christian belief, affirming Jesus as the Son of God and the Savior of humanity. It is a call to faith, a confirmation of Jesus' divine nature, and a promise of eternal life for believers.

just as He said
This phrase underscores the reliability and truth of Jesus' words. The Greek "kathōs eipen" emphasizes that Jesus had foretold His resurrection, and it happened exactly as He had declared. This fulfillment of prophecy is crucial, as it validates Jesus' teachings and His identity as the Messiah. It reassures believers that God's promises are trustworthy and that His word is unchanging. Historically, this serves as a reminder of the consistency and faithfulness of God's plan throughout Scripture.

Come, see the place
The invitation to "come" and "see" is significant. The Greek "deute" (come) and "idete" (see) are commands that invite personal investigation and witness. This is an invitation to experience the reality of the resurrection firsthand. Archaeologically, the empty tomb has been a subject of study and pilgrimage, symbolizing the tangible evidence of Jesus' victory over death. This call to witness is also a call to faith, encouraging believers to explore and affirm the truth of the resurrection in their own lives.

where He lay
The phrase "where He lay" refers to the physical location of Jesus' body before the resurrection. The Greek "ekeito" indicates a past state, emphasizing the change that has occurred. Historically, the burial practices of the time involved placing bodies in tombs carved from rock, often sealed with a stone. The fact that Jesus is no longer lying there is a powerful testament to the resurrection. This empty space is a symbol of hope and new life, a reminder that Jesus has conquered death and offers eternal life to all who believe.

Then go quickly
The phrase "Then go quickly" is a directive given by the angel to the women at the tomb. The Greek word for "quickly" is "ταχέως" (tacheōs), which implies urgency and immediacy. This urgency reflects the importance of the message they are to deliver. In the context of the resurrection, the speed of their action symbolizes the transformative power of the resurrection, which demands a swift response. Historically, the resurrection was a pivotal event that required immediate dissemination, as it was the cornerstone of the Christian faith.

and tell His disciples
The instruction to "tell His disciples" underscores the role of the women as the first evangelists of the resurrection. The Greek word for "tell" is "εἴπατε" (eipate), which means to announce or proclaim. This highlights the importance of verbal testimony in the spread of the Gospel. The disciples, who were in hiding and in despair after the crucifixion, needed this message of hope and victory. This directive also emphasizes the inclusivity of the Gospel message, as women were chosen to be the first to share the news, challenging the cultural norms of the time.

He has risen from the dead
This phrase is the core of the Christian message. The Greek word for "risen" is "ἠγέρθη" (ēgerthē), which is in the passive voice, indicating that Jesus was raised by the power of God. This resurrection is not just a return to life but a victory over death itself, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies and Jesus' own predictions. The resurrection is the validation of Jesus' divine nature and the assurance of eternal life for believers. Historically, this event transformed the disciples from a group of frightened followers into bold proclaimers of the Gospel.

and is going ahead of you into Galilee
The phrase "is going ahead of you into Galilee" indicates Jesus' leadership and the fulfillment of His promise to meet His disciples there. Galilee, being the region where Jesus began His ministry, symbolizes a return to the roots of His mission and a new beginning for the disciples. The Greek word "προάγει" (proagei) means to lead or go before, suggesting that Jesus is the shepherd leading His flock. This also serves as a reassurance to the disciples that Jesus is alive and actively guiding them.

There you will see Him
The promise "There you will see Him" offers hope and assurance to the disciples. The Greek word for "see" is "ὄψεσθε" (opsesthe), which implies not just physical sight but also understanding and recognition. This encounter in Galilee would be a moment of revelation and confirmation of Jesus' teachings and promises. It signifies the personal relationship that Jesus offers to His followers, as they will see Him not just as a resurrected figure but as their Lord and Savior.

as He has told you
The phrase "as He has told you" serves as a reminder of Jesus' faithfulness and the reliability of His words. The Greek word "εἶπον" (eipon) is used here, which means to say or speak. This emphasizes that Jesus had previously foretold His resurrection and meeting in Galilee, reinforcing the trustworthiness of His promises. It also serves as a call to remember and trust in Jesus' words, encouraging believers to hold fast to His teachings and prophecies. This assurance is foundational for the faith of the disciples and for all Christians who follow.

So they hurried away
The phrase "hurried away" indicates a sense of urgency and immediacy in the actions of the women who visited the tomb. The Greek word used here is "ἐξελθοῦσαι" (exelthousai), which means to go out or depart. This reflects their immediate response to the angel's message, emphasizing their obedience and eagerness to share the news. In a historical context, this urgency underscores the importance of the resurrection message, which was to be spread quickly and widely.

from the tomb
The "tomb" refers to the burial place of Jesus, which was a new tomb hewn out of rock, as described earlier in the Gospel. The empty tomb is a central symbol of the resurrection, signifying that Jesus has conquered death. Archaeologically, such tombs were common in the region, often sealed with a large stone. The fact that the women left the tomb empty highlights the miraculous nature of the resurrection.

in fear and great joy
The juxtaposition of "fear and great joy" captures the complex emotional response of the women. The Greek word for fear, "φόβος" (phobos), can denote reverence or awe, not just terror. Their fear likely stemmed from the awe-inspiring encounter with the angel and the supernatural event of the resurrection. "Great joy" (χαρὰ μεγάλη, chara megale) reflects the overwhelming happiness and hope that the resurrection brings. This duality of emotions is a common biblical theme, where divine encounters often evoke both fear and joy.

and ran
The action of running signifies the urgency and excitement of the women. The Greek verb "τρέχω" (trecho) implies swift movement, indicating their eagerness to share the news. This urgency is a testament to the transformative power of the resurrection, compelling the witnesses to spread the message without delay.

to tell His disciples
The directive to "tell His disciples" highlights the role of the women as the first messengers of the resurrection. In the cultural and historical context of the time, women were not typically considered reliable witnesses, yet God chose them to be the first to proclaim the risen Christ. This choice underscores the inclusivity of the Gospel message and the breaking of societal norms through divine action. The disciples, who would later become the apostles, were to be the foundation of the early Church, and this message was crucial for their mission.

Suddenly Jesus met them
The word "suddenly" indicates an unexpected and immediate appearance, emphasizing the miraculous nature of Jesus' resurrection. In the Greek, the word used is "ἰδοὺ" (idou), which is often translated as "behold" or "lo," drawing attention to the significance of the event. This encounter is pivotal, as it marks the first appearance of the risen Christ to the women, underscoring the fulfillment of His promise to rise again. The historical context here is crucial; women were not considered reliable witnesses in the first-century Jewish culture, yet Jesus first reveals Himself to them, highlighting the transformative nature of His kingdom.

Jesus met them
The Greek verb "ὑπαντάω" (hupantaō) implies a meeting or encounter, often with a sense of purpose or divine appointment. This meeting is not coincidental but orchestrated by Jesus Himself, demonstrating His intentionality in revealing His resurrected form. Theologically, this signifies the personal nature of Christ's relationship with His followers, as He seeks them out to provide comfort and confirmation of His victory over death.

and said, 'Greetings!'
The term "Greetings" is translated from the Greek "χαίρετε" (chairete), which is a common greeting meaning "rejoice" or "be glad." This is not merely a casual salutation but a profound invitation to joy in the light of the resurrection. The resurrection is the ultimate cause for rejoicing, as it confirms Jesus' divinity and the hope of eternal life for believers. Historically, this greeting would have been understood as a call to celebrate the new reality inaugurated by Christ's victory over the grave.

They came to Him
This phrase indicates the women's immediate response to Jesus' presence. The Greek "προσελθόντες" (proselthontes) suggests an approach or coming near, reflecting their eagerness and reverence. In the cultural context, approaching a rabbi or teacher was an act of respect, and here it signifies their recognition of Jesus' authority and divinity.

grasped His feet
The act of grasping His feet is significant both culturally and theologically. In the ancient Near East, touching someone's feet was a gesture of submission and reverence. The Greek "ἐκράτησαν" (ekratēsan) implies a firm hold, indicating their desire to cling to the reality of the risen Christ. This physical act confirms the bodily resurrection of Jesus, countering any notion that He was merely a spirit or apparition.

and worshiped Him
The Greek word "προσεκύνησαν" (prosekynēsan) means to prostrate oneself in worship, a posture of deep reverence and adoration. This response is appropriate only for deity, affirming the women's recognition of Jesus as Lord and God. In the scriptural context, worship is due to God alone, and their worship of Jesus underscores His divine identity. This moment encapsulates the heart of Christian faith: the worship of the risen Christ as the living God who has triumphed over sin and death.

Do not be afraid
This phrase is a comforting command from Jesus, spoken to the women who encountered Him after His resurrection. The Greek word for "afraid" is "φοβέομαι" (phobeomai), which means to fear or be frightened. In the context of the resurrection, this command reassures the women that the power of death has been conquered. Historically, fear was a common reaction to divine encounters, as seen throughout the Old Testament. Jesus' words here echo the angelic message given to Mary at the Annunciation (Luke 1:30) and to the shepherds at Jesus' birth (Luke 2:10), emphasizing that God's presence brings peace, not fear.

Go and tell My brothers
The instruction to "go and tell" signifies the beginning of the Great Commission, where the message of the resurrection is to be shared. The term "brothers" (Greek: "ἀδελφοί," adelphoi) is significant as it denotes a familial relationship, indicating that Jesus considers His disciples as part of His family. This is a profound statement of inclusion and love, especially considering the disciples' earlier abandonment during His crucifixion. It reflects the forgiving and restorative nature of Jesus' ministry.

to go to Galilee
Galilee is not just a geographical location but a place of great significance in Jesus' ministry. It is where He called His first disciples and performed many miracles. By instructing His disciples to go to Galilee, Jesus is directing them back to the place where their journey with Him began. This return to Galilee symbolizes a new beginning and the continuation of His mission. Historically, Galilee was a region known for its diverse population and was often looked down upon by the Judean elite, yet it is here that Jesus chose to reveal Himself post-resurrection, highlighting the inclusive nature of His message.

There they will see Me
The promise that "they will see Me" is a powerful assurance of Jesus' physical resurrection and His continued presence with His followers. The Greek word "ὄψονται" (opsontai) means "they will see," indicating a future, tangible encounter. This promise is not just for the disciples but extends to all believers, affirming the hope of seeing Jesus in His glorified state. Scripturally, this aligns with the numerous post-resurrection appearances of Jesus, which serve to strengthen the faith of His followers and confirm the truth of His victory over death.

While the women were on their way
This phrase sets the scene immediately after the resurrection of Jesus. The women, who were the first to witness the empty tomb, are on their way to deliver the news to the disciples. The Greek word for "women" here is "γυναῖκες" (gynaikes), emphasizing their role as the first evangelists of the resurrection. In a historical context, this is significant because women were not considered reliable witnesses in Jewish culture at the time. Yet, God chose them to be the first to proclaim the risen Christ, highlighting the inclusivity and transformative power of the Gospel.

some of the guards
The guards mentioned here were Roman soldiers assigned to watch over Jesus' tomb to prevent His disciples from stealing the body. The Greek term "κουστωδία" (koustodia) refers to a guard or watch, indicating a group of soldiers. Their presence underscores the miraculous nature of the resurrection, as a Roman guard would have been a formidable deterrent to any tampering with the tomb. The fact that these guards witnessed the events and were still unable to prevent the resurrection speaks to the divine power at work.

went into the city
The guards' decision to go into the city, specifically Jerusalem, is significant. Jerusalem was the center of Jewish religious life and the location of the temple. By going into the city, the guards are entering the heart of the Jewish leadership's power, which had orchestrated Jesus' crucifixion. This movement from the tomb to the city symbolizes the transition of the resurrection message from a secluded event to a public declaration.

and reported to the chief priests
The chief priests were the religious leaders of the Jewish people, responsible for maintaining the temple and overseeing religious practices. The Greek word "ἀρχιερεῖς" (archiereis) denotes their high status and authority. The guards reporting to them indicates the seriousness of the situation, as the chief priests were the ones who had requested the guard in the first place. This report sets the stage for the chief priests' subsequent actions to suppress the truth of the resurrection, highlighting the conflict between human authority and divine truth.

all that had happened
This phrase encompasses the miraculous events surrounding Jesus' resurrection. The guards witnessed the angelic appearance, the rolling away of the stone, and the empty tomb. The Greek word "πάντα" (panta) means "all" or "everything," suggesting that the guards left nothing out in their report. This comprehensive testimony from the guards, who were not followers of Jesus, serves as an unwitting confirmation of the resurrection. It underscores the truth that the resurrection was a historical event witnessed by multiple parties, both believers and non-believers alike.

After the chief priests had met with the elders
This phrase indicates a gathering of the Jewish religious leaders, specifically the chief priests and the elders. The chief priests were part of the Sanhedrin, the highest Jewish council and court in Jerusalem. Historically, the Sanhedrin was responsible for religious decisions and maintaining order. The elders were respected leaders within the community, often involved in decision-making processes. This meeting signifies a concerted effort by the Jewish leadership to address the situation of Jesus' resurrection, which they perceived as a threat to their authority and the status quo.

and formed a plan
The Greek word for "plan" here is "συμβούλιον" (symboulion), which implies a deliberate and strategic decision. This was not a spontaneous reaction but a calculated move to counteract the implications of the resurrection. The religious leaders were aware of the potential for Jesus' resurrection to validate His claims as the Messiah, which could undermine their power and influence. This plan reflects their determination to suppress the truth and maintain control over the narrative.

they gave the soldiers a large sum of money
The act of giving money, or bribery, is significant in this context. The Greek term for "large sum of money" is "ἀργύρια ἱκανά" (argyria hikana), indicating a substantial bribe. This financial incentive was intended to ensure the soldiers' cooperation in spreading a false report about the disciples stealing Jesus' body. The use of money to manipulate the truth highlights the moral corruption and desperation of the religious leaders. It also contrasts with the integrity and truth of Jesus' resurrection, emphasizing the lengths to which the leaders would go to deny the miraculous event. This act of bribery is a testament to the fulfillment of Jesus' prophecy about His resurrection and the opposition it would face.

“You are to say”
This phrase indicates a directive or command given to the guards by the chief priests. In the Greek, the verb used here is "εἴπατε" (eipate), which is an imperative form, emphasizing the authority and urgency behind the instruction. The religious leaders were determined to control the narrative surrounding Jesus' resurrection, highlighting their continued resistance to accepting Jesus as the Messiah. This reflects a broader theme in the Gospels of human attempts to suppress divine truth.

“His disciples came by night”
The phrase suggests a clandestine operation, implying deceit and stealth. The Greek word for "night" is "νυκτός" (nyktos), which often symbolizes darkness and evil in biblical literature. This accusation against the disciples is ironic, as it was the religious leaders who were engaging in deception. Historically, this reflects the tension between the early Christian community and the Jewish authorities, who were trying to discredit the resurrection.

“and stole Him away”
The verb "stole" in Greek is "ἔκλεψαν" (eklepsan), which means to take secretly or by stealth. This accusation was intended to undermine the miraculous nature of the resurrection by suggesting a human explanation. Theologically, this reflects the ongoing spiritual battle between truth and falsehood, as the resurrection is a cornerstone of Christian faith, affirming Jesus' victory over death.

“while we were asleep”
This phrase is crucial because it implies negligence on the part of the guards, which would have been a serious offense. The Greek word for "asleep" is "κοιμωμένων" (koimomenon), which can also mean to be dead or inactive. This highlights the absurdity of the claim, as it would be unlikely for all guards to be asleep simultaneously. Theologically, it underscores the futility of human efforts to thwart God's plans.

If this report
The phrase "If this report" refers to the fabricated account concocted by the chief priests and elders to explain the empty tomb of Jesus. The Greek word for "report" is "logos," which can mean word, message, or account. In this context, it underscores the importance of narrative and testimony in the early Christian community. The leaders were concerned about controlling the narrative to prevent the spread of the truth of the resurrection, highlighting the power of testimony in the Christian faith.

reaches the governor
The "governor" here refers to Pontius Pilate, the Roman official overseeing Judea. Historically, Pilate was known for his political acumen and his sometimes ruthless governance. The Jewish leaders were aware of the potential political ramifications if Pilate learned of the missing body, as it could suggest a failure in Roman oversight. This phrase underscores the tension between the Jewish authorities and the Roman government, and the precarious balance they sought to maintain.

we will satisfy him
The promise "we will satisfy him" indicates the Jewish leaders' confidence in their ability to appease Pilate. The Greek word "peitho" is used here, meaning to persuade or convince. This reflects their willingness to use influence, possibly through bribery or political maneuvering, to ensure Pilate's cooperation. It highlights the lengths to which they were willing to go to suppress the truth of the resurrection.

and keep you out of trouble
The phrase "and keep you out of trouble" is directed towards the soldiers who were guarding the tomb. The Greek word "amerimnos" implies being free from care or anxiety. The leaders assured the soldiers that they would not face repercussions for the disappearance of Jesus' body. This reflects the leaders' understanding of the soldiers' fear of Roman punishment and their attempt to maintain control over the situation by offering protection.

So the soldiers took the money
This phrase highlights the actions of the Roman soldiers who were guarding Jesus' tomb. The Greek word for "soldiers" here is "στρατιῶται" (stratiōtai), which refers to the Roman military personnel. These soldiers were likely part of a cohort assigned to maintain order in Jerusalem during the Passover. The act of taking money suggests a transaction that involves bribery, a common practice in the ancient world to ensure silence or complicity. This action underscores the human tendency towards corruption and the lengths to which the chief priests were willing to go to suppress the truth of the resurrection.

and did as they were instructed
The phrase "did as they were instructed" indicates obedience to authority, albeit in a morally questionable context. The Greek word "ἐδιδάχθησαν" (edidachthēsan) implies being taught or instructed, suggesting that the soldiers were following orders from the Jewish leaders. This reflects the hierarchical nature of both Roman and Jewish societies, where orders from superiors were expected to be followed without question. It also highlights the conflict between human authority and divine truth, as the soldiers' actions were in direct opposition to the miraculous event they had witnessed.

And this account has been circulated
The phrase "this account has been circulated" refers to the spreading of a false narrative. The Greek word "διεφημίσθη" (diephēmísthē) means to spread abroad or to publish. This suggests a deliberate effort to disseminate misinformation, a tactic used by the religious leaders to maintain control over the populace and to prevent the spread of Christianity. Historically, this reflects the early challenges faced by the nascent Christian community in proclaiming the truth of the resurrection amidst opposition and falsehoods.

among the Jews
The term "among the Jews" indicates the target audience of the false narrative. In the first-century context, "Jews" refers to the Jewish people living in Judea and the surrounding regions. This phrase highlights the cultural and religious tensions of the time, as the Jewish leaders sought to protect their authority and religious traditions from the perceived threat of Jesus' followers. It also underscores the early Christian movement's roots within Judaism and the initial resistance it faced from the established religious order.

to this very day
The phrase "to this very day" suggests the enduring nature of the false narrative. The Greek "μέχρι τῆς σήμερον" (mechri tēs sēmeron) implies continuity up to the present time of the Gospel's writing. This indicates that the misinformation persisted for a significant period, reflecting the ongoing struggle between truth and falsehood. It serves as a reminder of the challenges faced by the early Church in preserving and proclaiming the truth of the resurrection, and it encourages believers to remain steadfast in their faith despite opposition.

Meanwhile
This word serves as a transitional phrase, connecting the events of the resurrection with the subsequent actions of the disciples. It implies continuity and progression in the narrative. In the Greek, the word used is "δέ" (de), which often serves as a conjunction to indicate a shift or continuation in the story. This highlights the unfolding of God's redemptive plan, moving from the resurrection to the commissioning of the disciples.

the eleven disciples
The number eleven is significant, as it reflects the absence of Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Jesus and subsequently died. This group, once twelve, now stands incomplete, yet they are the chosen ones to carry forward Jesus' mission. The Greek term "μαθηταί" (mathētai) refers to learners or followers, emphasizing their role as students of Jesus who are now transitioning into leaders and teachers themselves.

went to Galilee
Galilee is a region rich in biblical history and significance. It is where Jesus began His ministry and performed many miracles. The disciples' return to Galilee symbolizes a return to the roots of Jesus' earthly ministry. The Greek word "Γαλιλαία" (Galilaia) evokes memories of Jesus' teachings and miracles, serving as a reminder of His power and authority.

to the mountain
Mountains in biblical literature often represent places of divine revelation and encounter. This particular mountain, though not named, is a designated place of meeting between Jesus and His disciples. The Greek "ὄρος" (oros) suggests a place set apart, a sacred space where significant events unfold, reminiscent of Moses receiving the Law on Mount Sinai.

Jesus had designated
This phrase underscores Jesus' authority and foreknowledge. The Greek "ἐτάξατο" (etaxato) implies an appointment or command, indicating that Jesus had preordained this meeting. It reflects His sovereign control over the events following His resurrection and His intentional preparation of the disciples for their mission. This designation is a testament to His continued guidance and leadership, even after His resurrection.

When they saw Him
This phrase marks a pivotal moment of recognition and revelation. The Greek word for "saw" is "εἶδον" (eidon), which implies more than just physical sight; it suggests a deeper understanding or perception. The disciples are not merely seeing Jesus with their eyes; they are perceiving His resurrected form, which confirms His victory over death. This moment is a fulfillment of Jesus' promise that He would rise again, and it serves as a testament to His divine nature. Historically, this sighting is significant as it occurs in Galilee, a region where Jesus spent much of His ministry, symbolizing a return to the roots of His earthly mission.

they worshiped Him
The act of worship here is profound. The Greek word "προσεκύνησαν" (prosekynēsan) indicates an act of reverence and adoration, often involving bowing or prostration. This worship is directed towards Jesus, acknowledging His divinity and lordship. In a Jewish context, worship is reserved for God alone, so this act by the disciples is a clear recognition of Jesus as God incarnate. This moment is a culmination of their journey with Him, transitioning from followers of a teacher to worshipers of the risen Lord. It reflects the early Christian understanding of Jesus' divine identity and the foundation of Christian worship practices.

but some doubted
The presence of doubt among some disciples is a candid acknowledgment of human frailty and the struggle to comprehend the miraculous. The Greek word "ἐδίστασαν" (edistasan) suggests hesitation or uncertainty. This doubt does not necessarily imply disbelief but rather a struggle to fully grasp the reality of the resurrection. It highlights the authenticity of the Gospel accounts, as they do not shy away from depicting the disciples' initial struggles with faith. This moment of doubt serves as an encouragement to believers who may also wrestle with questions and uncertainties, reminding them that faith is a journey and that Jesus meets us in our doubts, offering reassurance and understanding.

Then Jesus came to them
This phrase marks a significant moment of transition and revelation. The Greek word for "came" (προσελθών, proselthōn) indicates an intentional approach, suggesting Jesus' deliberate action to engage with His disciples. This moment follows His resurrection, a pivotal event that confirms His victory over death and sin. Historically, this setting is on a mountain in Galilee, a place of previous teachings and miracles, symbolizing a return to the roots of His ministry and a new beginning for His followers.

and said
The act of speaking here is not merely conversational but authoritative. The Greek word "said" (εἶπεν, eipen) implies a declaration or proclamation. Jesus is about to impart a foundational truth, underscoring the importance of His words. In the context of Scripture, divine speech often precedes significant actions or covenants, as seen throughout the Old Testament, where God speaks to His people through prophets and leaders.

All authority
The term "authority" (ἐξουσία, exousia) in Greek encompasses power, right, and jurisdiction. It signifies not just the ability to act but the rightful power to command and govern. In a biblical context, this authority is comprehensive, extending beyond earthly realms to the spiritual and heavenly. Historically, authority was a central theme in Jesus' ministry, as He demonstrated power over nature, illness, and spiritual forces, affirming His divine identity.

in heaven and on earth
This phrase emphasizes the totality of Jesus' dominion. "Heaven" and "earth" together represent the entire created order, both visible and invisible. Theologically, this reflects the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the Messiah's reign (e.g., Daniel 7:14). It also echoes the Lord's Prayer, where God's will is sought "on earth as it is in heaven," highlighting the unity of divine purpose across realms.

has been given to Me
The passive construction "has been given" (ἐδόθη, edothē) indicates that this authority is conferred by God the Father, affirming the Trinitarian relationship and the divine plan of salvation. This bestowal is not a new acquisition but a confirmation of Jesus' pre-existing divine status, now fully realized and recognized post-resurrection. Scripturally, this echoes the promises of Psalm 2:8 and Isaiah 9:6-7, where the Messiah is granted dominion and everlasting rule.

Therefore go
The word "go" in Greek is "πορευθέντες" (poreuthentes), which is a participle that implies action. It suggests not just a passive existence but an active movement towards fulfilling a mission. This command is a call to action, urging believers to step out of their comfort zones and engage with the world. Historically, this reflects the early church's expansion beyond Jewish communities into Gentile territories, emphasizing the universal scope of the Gospel.

make disciples
The Greek term "μαθητεύσατε" (mathēteusate) is derived from "μαθητής" (mathētēs), meaning "learner" or "pupil." This indicates a process of teaching and nurturing, not merely converting. The emphasis is on creating followers who are committed to learning and living out the teachings of Jesus. In a historical context, this reflects the rabbinic tradition where disciples would closely follow their teacher, absorbing their teachings and lifestyle.

of all nations
The phrase "πάντα τὰ ἔθνη" (panta ta ethnē) signifies the inclusivity of the Gospel message. "Ethnē" can be translated as "nations" or "peoples," indicating that the message of Christ transcends ethnic, cultural, and geographical boundaries. This was revolutionary in a time when religious practices were often confined to specific ethnic groups. It underscores the Great Commission's call to reach every corner of the earth.

baptizing them
The act of baptism, "βαπτίζοντες" (baptizontes), is a significant ritual symbolizing purification and initiation into the Christian faith. In the early church, baptism was a public declaration of faith and a rite of passage into the community of believers. It represents dying to the old self and rising anew in Christ, a powerful testament to the transformative power of the Gospel.

in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit
This Trinitarian formula is foundational to Christian doctrine, emphasizing the unity and co-equality of the Godhead. The use of "name" (singular) rather than "names" highlights the oneness of the three Persons. This reflects the early church's understanding of the Trinity, a mystery that is central to Christian faith. Theologically, it affirms the full divinity of Jesus and the Holy Spirit, alongside the Father, as essential to the believer's faith and practice.

And surely
The phrase "And surely" in the Berean Standard Bible conveys a sense of certainty and assurance. The Greek word used here is "ἰδοὺ" (idou), which is often translated as "behold" or "lo." It is an imperative that draws attention to what follows, emphasizing the importance and truth of the statement. In the context of Jesus' final words to His disciples, it underscores the reliability and significance of His promise. This assurance is foundational for believers, reminding them of the steadfastness of Christ's words and His unwavering commitment to His followers.

I am with you
The phrase "I am with you" is deeply rooted in the biblical narrative of God's presence with His people. The Greek phrase "ἐγώ εἰμι μεθ' ὑμῶν" (egō eimi meth' humōn) echoes the divine name "I AM" revealed to Moses in Exodus 3:14, signifying God's eternal presence and self-existence. This declaration by Jesus assures His disciples of His continual presence, echoing the covenantal promise found throughout Scripture where God reassures His people of His abiding presence, such as in Joshua 1:9 and Isaiah 41:10. It is a profound reminder that Jesus, as Emmanuel—"God with us"—remains with His followers, providing comfort, guidance, and strength.

always
The word "always" translates the Greek "πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας" (pasas tas hēmeras), which literally means "all the days." This phrase emphasizes the constancy and perpetuity of Jesus' presence with His disciples. It is not limited to certain times or conditions but is an unending promise that spans every moment of their lives. This assurance is particularly comforting in times of uncertainty or trial, as it affirms that there is never a moment when believers are without the presence of Christ. Historically, this has been a source of strength for Christians facing persecution or hardship, knowing that Jesus is with them every day.

to the very end of the age
The phrase "to the very end of the age" translates the Greek "ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος" (heōs tēs synteleias tou aiōnos). The term "synteleia" refers to the consummation or completion of a period, and "aiōnos" denotes an age or era. This phrase indicates that Jesus' promise of presence extends until the culmination of the current age, which in Christian eschatology refers to His second coming and the establishment of His eternal kingdom. This assurance provides hope and perspective for believers, encouraging them to remain faithful and diligent in their mission, knowing that Christ's presence will sustain them until the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan. Historically, this has been a cornerstone of Christian hope, inspiring believers to live with an eternal perspective and a sense of mission.