Now Aaron’s sons Nadab and Abihu
The mention of "Aaron’s sons Nadab and Abihu" immediately sets the stage for a significant event in the priestly lineage. Nadab and Abihu were the eldest sons of Aaron, the first high priest of Israel, and nephews of Moses. Their position was one of great privilege and responsibility, as they were part of the priestly family chosen to serve in the tabernacle. Historically, the priesthood was a sacred office, and those who held it were expected to adhere strictly to God’s commands. The Hebrew names "Nadab" and "Abihu" mean "generous" and "he is my father," respectively, which may reflect the expectations placed upon them as leaders and representatives of the people before God.

took their censers
The "censers" were vessels used to hold burning coals and incense, integral to the worship practices in the tabernacle. In the Hebrew context, the censer (מַחְתָּה, "machtah") was a tool of mediation between the divine and the human, symbolizing the prayers of the people rising to God. The act of taking their censers indicates a deliberate action, suggesting that Nadab and Abihu were fully aware of their actions and the sacredness of the items they were handling.

put fire in them and added incense
The process of putting "fire in them and added incense" was a ritual act meant to create a fragrant offering to the Lord. In the ancient Near Eastern context, incense was often used in religious ceremonies to symbolize the presence of the divine and to purify the space. The Hebrew word for incense, קְטֹרֶת ("qetoreth"), is associated with the idea of a pleasing aroma, which was meant to be acceptable to God. This act was supposed to be done according to specific divine instructions, highlighting the importance of obedience in worship.

and they offered unauthorized fire before the LORD
The phrase "unauthorized fire" (אֵשׁ זָרָה, "esh zarah") is critical in understanding the gravity of Nadab and Abihu's actions. The term "unauthorized" implies that the fire was not sanctioned by God, suggesting a deviation from the prescribed method of worship. In the conservative Christian perspective, this act represents a serious breach of divine command, emphasizing the holiness of God and the necessity of approaching Him with reverence and obedience. The "fire" symbolizes the presence and power of God, and offering it in an unauthorized manner was a direct affront to His holiness.

contrary to His command
The phrase "contrary to His command" underscores the disobedience of Nadab and Abihu. In the Hebrew text, the word for "command" (צִוָּה, "tzivah") conveys the idea of a direct order or decree from God. This highlights the importance of following God's instructions precisely, as they are expressions of His will and character. The historical context of Leviticus is one of establishing a covenant relationship between God and His people, where obedience to His commands was paramount. This incident serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of disregarding God's holiness and authority.

So fire came out
The phrase "fire came out" is significant in the context of divine judgment and presence. In Hebrew, the word for fire is "esh" (אֵשׁ), which often symbolizes God's holiness and purifying power. This fire is not merely a natural phenomenon but a direct manifestation of God's response to disobedience. The fire's emergence from the divine presence underscores the immediacy and seriousness of God's holiness. In the broader biblical narrative, fire frequently represents God's presence, as seen in the burning bush (Exodus 3:2) and the pillar of fire (Exodus 13:21). This fire is a reminder of the consuming nature of God's holiness, which cannot coexist with sin.

from the presence of the LORD
The "presence of the LORD" refers to the Shekinah glory, the visible manifestation of God's presence among His people. In the Hebrew context, this presence was often associated with the Tabernacle, where God dwelt among the Israelites. The Hebrew word for presence, "panim" (פָּנִים), can also mean "face," indicating a personal and direct encounter with God. This phrase emphasizes that the judgment was not arbitrary but came directly from God's holy presence, highlighting the seriousness of approaching God with reverence and obedience. The presence of the LORD is both a source of blessing and a place of judgment, depending on one's obedience to His commands.

and consumed them
The word "consumed" in Hebrew is "akal" (אָכַל), which means to eat or devour. This term indicates total destruction, leaving nothing behind. The consuming fire signifies the complete and irreversible nature of God's judgment on Nadab and Abihu for their unauthorized offering. This act serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of disobedience and the importance of adhering to God's instructions. The consuming nature of the fire also reflects the seriousness with which God views the sanctity of worship and the priestly duties.

and they died before the LORD
The phrase "they died before the LORD" underscores the immediacy and finality of the judgment. In Hebrew, "died" is "muth" (מוּת), which signifies physical death. The addition of "before the LORD" indicates that their death was not just a physical end but a spiritual judgment in the presence of God. This serves as a powerful reminder of the holiness of God and the seriousness of approaching Him with the proper reverence and obedience. The phrase also highlights the accountability of those who serve in God's presence, emphasizing that their actions are directly observed by the LORD.

Then Moses said to Aaron
This phrase sets the stage for a critical moment of communication between Moses, the leader and prophet, and Aaron, the high priest. The Hebrew root for "said" is "אָמַר" (amar), which often implies a declaration or proclamation. This is not merely a casual conversation but a significant pronouncement. Moses, as God's spokesperson, is conveying a divine message, emphasizing the gravity of the situation following the tragic events involving Aaron's sons, Nadab and Abihu.

This is what the LORD meant
The phrase underscores the authority and intentionality of God's words. The Hebrew term for "LORD" is "יהוה" (YHWH), the sacred name of God, indicating His eternal and self-existent nature. The use of "meant" suggests a deeper understanding or revelation of God's will and purpose. It implies that the events that transpired were not random but were within the sovereign plan of God, serving as a teaching moment for Israel.

when He said
This phrase points back to previous divine instructions or warnings. It suggests that God had already communicated His standards and expectations, likely referring to earlier commands about holiness and the sanctity of the priestly duties. The emphasis is on the continuity and consistency of God's word, which remains unchanging and authoritative.

I will show My holiness
The Hebrew root for "holiness" is "קָדֹשׁ" (qadosh), meaning set apart, sacred, or consecrated. God's holiness is a central theme in Leviticus, highlighting His purity and moral perfection. By stating "I will show," God is asserting His active role in demonstrating His distinct nature. This serves as a reminder that those who approach God must do so with reverence and obedience, acknowledging His supreme holiness.

to those who are near Me
This phrase refers to the priests, particularly Aaron and his sons, who were given the privilege and responsibility of serving in God's presence. The Hebrew word for "near" is "קָרוֹב" (qarov), indicating proximity or closeness. It underscores the special relationship and accountability of those who minister before God. Their nearness to God requires a higher standard of conduct and purity.

and I will reveal My glory
The Hebrew word for "glory" is "כָּבוֹד" (kavod), which conveys the idea of weightiness, honor, and splendor. God's glory is His manifest presence and the visible expression of His divine attributes. By revealing His glory, God is making His power and majesty known to the people, reinforcing His authority and the seriousness of His commands.

before all the people
This phrase indicates that God's actions and the consequences of disobedience are meant to be a public demonstration. The community of Israel is to witness and learn from these events. It serves as a powerful reminder that God's holiness and glory are not confined to the priesthood but are to be acknowledged and revered by the entire nation.

But Aaron remained silent
Aaron's silence is profound and speaks volumes. The Hebrew root for "silent" is "דָּמַם" (damam), which can mean to be still or to cease. In the face of personal tragedy and divine judgment, Aaron's silence reflects submission and acceptance of God's will. It is an acknowledgment of God's righteousness and a demonstration of humility and reverence in the presence of His holiness.

Moses summoned
The act of summoning by Moses signifies his leadership and authority as the mediator between God and the Israelites. In Hebrew, the word for "summoned" is קָרָא (qara), which means to call or proclaim. This highlights Moses' role as a divinely appointed leader who acts according to God's instructions. Historically, Moses' leadership was crucial in guiding the Israelites through the wilderness, and his actions often served as a direct link between God and His people.

Mishael and Elzaphan
These individuals are identified as the sons of Uzziel, Aaron's uncle. Their mention here is significant as it underscores the importance of family and tribal connections within the Israelite community. The names Mishael and Elzaphan, meaning "Who is what God is?" and "God has protected," respectively, reflect the deep spiritual heritage and the belief in God's sovereignty and protection. Their role in this narrative also emphasizes the communal responsibility in maintaining the sanctity of the worship space.

the sons of Aaron’s uncle Uzziel
This phrase situates Mishael and Elzaphan within the Levitical family, highlighting the importance of lineage and priestly duties. Uzziel, being Aaron's uncle, places these men within the broader context of the Levitical priesthood, which was responsible for the spiritual leadership of Israel. The Levitical lineage was crucial for maintaining the purity and order of worship, as prescribed by God.

and said to them
Moses' directive to Mishael and Elzaphan is a command that carries both authority and urgency. The Hebrew verb אָמַר (amar) is used here, which means to say or speak. This indicates a clear and direct communication, reflecting the seriousness of the situation following the deaths of Nadab and Abihu. Moses' words are not merely suggestions but authoritative instructions that must be followed to uphold the sanctity of the sanctuary.

'Come here, carry your brothers
The phrase "Come here" is an imperative, calling for immediate action. The instruction to "carry your brothers" is both literal and symbolic. It involves the physical act of removing the bodies of Nadab and Abihu, but it also signifies the responsibility of the community to deal with sin and its consequences. The Hebrew word נָשָׂא (nasa) for "carry" can also mean to lift or bear, suggesting the burden of maintaining holiness within the camp.

outside the camp
This directive to move the bodies "outside the camp" is significant in maintaining the purity of the Israelite community. The camp represented the dwelling place of God among His people, and anything unclean or defiled was to be removed to preserve the sanctity of the space. This practice is rooted in the holiness code of Leviticus, which emphasizes separation from impurity and sin.

away from the front of the sanctuary
The sanctuary was the central place of worship and the dwelling place of God's presence among the Israelites. The need to remove the bodies "away from the front of the sanctuary" underscores the holiness of this space. The Hebrew term מִפְּנֵי (mipnei) means "from the presence of," indicating the necessity of keeping the sanctuary free from defilement. This action reflects the broader biblical theme of God's holiness and the requirement for His people to approach Him with reverence and purity.

So they came forward
This phrase indicates an immediate response to a command, reflecting obedience and reverence for divine instruction. The Hebrew root for "came forward" is "qarab," which often implies drawing near with purpose or intent. In the context of Leviticus, this action signifies the priests' role in maintaining holiness and order within the camp. Historically, the Israelites were a community bound by covenant, and their actions were to reflect God's holiness.

and carried them
The act of carrying here is significant, as it involves the removal of Nadab and Abihu's bodies. The Hebrew word "nasa" means to lift or bear, often used in contexts of bearing burdens or responsibilities. This reflects the gravity of the situation, where the consequences of disobedience to God's commands are physically borne by the community. It underscores the seriousness of maintaining purity and obedience in worship.

still in their tunics
The mention of "tunics" highlights the priestly garments, which were symbols of their consecration and service to God. The Hebrew word "kutonet" refers to a long shirt-like garment, part of the priestly attire described in Exodus. Despite their sin, the tunics remained, symbolizing the enduring nature of God's calling and the sacredness of their office, even in judgment. This serves as a reminder of the holiness required in approaching God.

outside the camp
This phrase is crucial in understanding the concept of holiness and separation in Israelite worship. The camp represented the dwelling place of God's presence among His people. To be taken "outside the camp" was to be removed from the community and the presence of God, often associated with impurity or sin. This action reflects the need to maintain the sanctity of the camp and the seriousness of sin in the community.

as Moses had directed
Moses, as the leader and mediator between God and Israel, gave instructions that were to be followed precisely. The Hebrew root "tsavah" means to command or charge, emphasizing the authority of Moses' leadership and the importance of obedience to God's appointed leaders. This phrase underscores the theme of divine order and the necessity of following God's commands through His chosen servants.

Then Moses said
The phrase "Then Moses said" indicates a direct communication from Moses, who serves as the intermediary between God and the Israelites. Moses, as a prophet and leader, is delivering God's instructions. The Hebrew root for "said" is "אָמַר" (amar), which often implies a command or authoritative speech. This highlights the gravity and divine authority behind the instructions being given.

to Aaron and his sons Eleazar and Ithamar
Aaron, the high priest, and his sons Eleazar and Ithamar are addressed directly. This is significant because they are the remaining priests after the death of Nadab and Abihu. The mention of their names underscores their roles and responsibilities in maintaining the sanctity of the priesthood. Historically, the priesthood was a sacred office, and those who held it were expected to adhere strictly to God's commands.

Do not let your hair become unkempt
This phrase refers to a specific mourning practice in ancient Israel, where letting one's hair become unkempt was a sign of grief. The Hebrew word "פָּרַע" (para) means to let loose or neglect. In this context, the priests are instructed to maintain their appearance, signifying their continued service and dedication to God despite personal loss. This command emphasizes the need for the priests to prioritize their divine duties over personal mourning.

and do not tear your clothes
Tearing one's clothes was another traditional expression of mourning and distress. The Hebrew word "קָרַע" (qara) means to rend or tear. By prohibiting this act, God is instructing the priests to maintain their composure and fulfill their roles without outward displays of grief. This reflects the principle that the service to God and the community takes precedence over individual sorrow.

or you will die
This warning underscores the seriousness of the command. The Hebrew word for "die" is "מוּת" (muth), which conveys the finality and severity of the consequence. It serves as a reminder of the holiness required in the priestly office and the dire consequences of disobedience. The gravity of this warning reflects the sanctity of God's presence and the need for absolute reverence.

and the LORD will be angry with the whole congregation
The phrase highlights the communal aspect of sin and disobedience. The Hebrew word for "angry" is "קָצַף" (qatsaph), which indicates a fierce wrath. This suggests that the actions of the priests have implications for the entire community, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the Israelites and the collective responsibility to uphold God's commands.

But your relatives, all the house of Israel
This part of the verse acknowledges the broader community of Israel, who are permitted to mourn. The phrase "all the house of Israel" indicates the collective identity and shared experiences of the Israelites. It reflects the communal nature of their faith and the shared responsibility in upholding God's laws.

may mourn for those the LORD has destroyed by fire
The phrase "destroyed by fire" refers to the divine judgment that befell Nadab and Abihu. The Hebrew word "שָׂרַף" (saraph) means to burn or consume, indicating the consuming fire of God's holiness. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of approaching God without reverence and obedience. The allowance for mourning by the community acknowledges the human aspect of loss while maintaining the sanctity of the priestly duties.

You shall not go outside
This command underscores the sanctity and seriousness of the priestly duties. The Hebrew root for "go outside" is "yatsa," which often implies leaving a designated place or role. In the context of the priesthood, it emphasizes the importance of remaining within the boundaries set by God. The priests were to remain in the holy space, symbolizing their dedication and separation for divine service.

the entrance to the Tent of Meeting
The "Tent of Meeting" was the sacred space where God met with His people, particularly through the mediation of the priests. The Hebrew term "ohel moed" signifies a place of divine appointment. This was not merely a physical location but a spiritual one, where the presence of God was manifest. The entrance was a threshold between the common and the holy, a place of transition into the presence of God.

or you will die
This phrase is a stark reminder of the holiness of God and the seriousness of approaching Him improperly. The Hebrew word "muth" for "die" indicates the severe consequences of disobedience. In the context of Leviticus, it serves as a warning that God's holiness cannot be compromised. The death of Nadab and Abihu earlier in the chapter illustrates the reality of this warning.

for the anointing oil of the LORD is on you
The anointing oil was a symbol of consecration and the presence of the Holy Spirit. The Hebrew word "mashach" means to anoint, and it signifies being set apart for God's purposes. The oil represented the empowerment and sanctification of the priests for their sacred duties. It was a physical sign of a spiritual reality, marking them as holy unto the Lord.

So they did as Moses instructed
This phrase highlights the obedience of Aaron and his remaining sons. The Hebrew root "asah" for "did" implies action and compliance. Their obedience is a model for all believers, demonstrating the importance of following God's commands through His appointed leaders. Moses, as God's chosen leader, conveyed God's will, and their compliance ensured the continuation of their priestly service.

Then
The word "Then" serves as a temporal marker, indicating a sequence of events. In the context of Leviticus 10, it follows the tragic incident involving Nadab and Abihu, Aaron's sons, who offered unauthorized fire before the Lord and were consumed by divine fire. This moment is pivotal, as it transitions from judgment to instruction, underscoring God's continued communication and guidance despite human failure.

the LORD
The term "the LORD" is a translation of the Hebrew name Yahweh, the covenantal name of God revealed to Moses at the burning bush (Exodus 3:14). It emphasizes God's eternal, self-existent nature and His personal relationship with Israel. In this context, Yahweh's direct communication with Aaron highlights His authority and the seriousness of the instructions that follow, as well as His desire for holiness among His people.

said
The verb "said" indicates direct speech from God, which is a common feature in the Pentateuch, where God often communicates His will to His chosen leaders. This divine speech acts as a reminder of God's active involvement in guiding His people and setting standards for worship and conduct. It also reflects the prophetic role of Aaron as a recipient of God's revelation.

to Aaron
Aaron, the brother of Moses, is the first high priest of Israel. His role is central to the Levitical priesthood and the sacrificial system established by God. By addressing Aaron directly, God reaffirms Aaron's leadership and responsibility in maintaining the sanctity of the priesthood. This personal address also serves to comfort and instruct Aaron after the loss of his sons, emphasizing the importance of obedience and reverence in the priestly office.

You and your sons
This phrase directly addresses Aaron and his sons, the appointed priests of Israel. The Hebrew word for "sons" is "בָּנִים" (banim), which signifies not only immediate offspring but also descendants. This highlights the generational responsibility and the sacred duty of the priesthood, emphasizing the continuity of God's commandments through lineage and the importance of maintaining holiness in service.

are not to drink wine or strong drink
The Hebrew word for "wine" is "יַיִן" (yayin), and "strong drink" is "שֵׁכָר" (shekar). These terms refer to fermented beverages that could impair judgment. The prohibition underscores the necessity for priests to remain sober-minded and fully aware while performing their sacred duties. This commandment reflects the broader biblical principle of sobriety and self-control, especially for those in positions of spiritual leadership.

when you enter the Tent of Meeting
The "Tent of Meeting," or "אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד" (Ohel Moed), was the sacred space where God met with His people through the mediation of the priests. This phrase emphasizes the holiness of the place and the seriousness of approaching God. The Tent of Meeting was a precursor to the Temple and symbolizes the presence of God among His people, requiring utmost reverence and purity.

or else you will die
This severe consequence underscores the gravity of the command. The Hebrew word for "die" is "מוּת" (muth), which conveys the ultimate penalty for disobedience. This warning serves as a sobering reminder of the holiness of God and the serious nature of the priestly office. It reflects the broader biblical theme that sin leads to death, both physically and spiritually.

This is a permanent statute
The phrase "permanent statute" translates the Hebrew "חֻקַּת עוֹלָם" (chukat olam), indicating an everlasting ordinance. This underscores the timeless nature of God's commandments and the enduring principles of holiness and reverence in worship. It reflects the unchanging character of God and His expectations for His people across generations.

for the generations to come
This phrase, "לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם" (ledoroteichem), emphasizes the continuity and perpetuity of the commandment. It highlights the responsibility of each generation to uphold God's standards and pass them on to the next. This reflects the biblical principle of teaching and preserving God's laws within the community of faith, ensuring that His ways are known and followed throughout history.

You must distinguish
The phrase "You must distinguish" is a directive that emphasizes the active role of the Israelites, particularly the priests, in discerning and making judgments. The Hebrew root word here is "בדל" (badal), which means to separate or divide. This concept of separation is foundational in the Levitical law, underscoring the importance of discernment in maintaining holiness. Historically, this was crucial for the Israelites as they were called to be a distinct people, set apart for God. The act of distinguishing is not merely a ritualistic practice but a spiritual discipline that reflects one's commitment to God's standards.

between the holy and the common
The distinction "between the holy and the common" is central to the Levitical code. The Hebrew word for "holy" is "קדש" (qodesh), which signifies something set apart for God, sacred and consecrated. In contrast, "common" refers to the ordinary or profane, things not set apart for divine purposes. This separation is not just about physical objects or rituals but extends to the moral and ethical life of the community. Archaeological findings, such as temple artifacts and altars, often reveal the meticulous care taken to maintain this separation, highlighting its significance in ancient Israelite worship and daily life.

between the clean and the unclean
The phrase "between the clean and the unclean" further elaborates on the need for discernment. The Hebrew words "טהור" (tahor) for clean and "טמא" (tamei) for unclean are used extensively in Leviticus to describe states of ritual purity. This distinction was vital for maintaining the community's spiritual health and their relationship with God. The clean and unclean laws covered various aspects of life, including food, disease, and bodily functions, serving as a constant reminder of God's holiness and the need for purity. Scripturally, these laws pointed to the deeper spiritual truth of sin and redemption, foreshadowing the ultimate cleansing through Christ. The historical context shows that these laws helped preserve the identity and sanctity of the Israelite community amidst surrounding pagan cultures.

and so as to teach
The Hebrew root for "teach" is "yarah," which means to instruct or direct. This word is often used in the context of imparting wisdom or guidance. In the ancient Israelite society, teaching was not merely an academic exercise but a sacred duty. The priests were responsible for ensuring that the people understood God's laws, which were integral to maintaining a covenant relationship with Him. This highlights the importance of spiritual education and the transmission of divine truth from one generation to the next.

the Israelites
The term "Israelites" refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel. This designation is significant as it underscores the covenant relationship between God and the people of Israel. Historically, the Israelites were chosen to be a holy nation and a kingdom of priests (Exodus 19:6). This calling required them to live according to God's statutes, setting them apart from other nations. The identity of the Israelites as God's chosen people is central to understanding their unique role in redemptive history.

all the statutes
The word "statutes" comes from the Hebrew "choq," which refers to decrees or laws that are prescribed by God. These statutes were not arbitrary rules but were designed to reflect God's holy character and to guide the Israelites in righteous living. The comprehensive nature of "all the statutes" emphasizes the completeness and sufficiency of God's law. It serves as a reminder that every aspect of life is to be governed by divine principles, ensuring that the community remains in harmony with God's will.

that the LORD
The name "LORD" in all capital letters represents the Tetragrammaton, YHWH, which is the personal name of God revealed to Moses at the burning bush (Exodus 3:14). This name signifies God's eternal, self-existent nature and His covenant faithfulness. The use of "LORD" in this context reinforces the authority and divine origin of the statutes. It is a reminder that the laws given to Israel are not human inventions but are commands from the sovereign Creator.

has given them
The phrase "has given" indicates the divine initiative in the communication of the law. The Hebrew verb "natan" means to give or bestow, highlighting God's gracious act of providing His statutes to the Israelites. This gift of the law is an expression of God's love and care for His people, providing them with a framework for living in a way that pleases Him and leads to blessing.

through Moses
Moses is the mediator through whom God delivered His laws to the Israelites. As a prophet and leader, Moses holds a unique position in Israel's history. His role as the lawgiver is foundational, as he is the one who received the commandments on Mount Sinai and communicated them to the people. This underscores the importance of faithful leadership and the responsibility of those who are called to convey God's truth to others. Moses' life and ministry serve as a model of obedience and dedication to God's purposes.

Then Moses said to Aaron and his remaining sons, Eleazar and Ithamar
This phrase sets the context of the aftermath of a significant event—the death of Nadab and Abihu, Aaron's other sons, due to their offering of unauthorized fire before the Lord. The Hebrew root for "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) implies a directive or command, emphasizing Moses' role as a mediator of God's instructions. The mention of "remaining sons" underscores the gravity of the situation and the continuation of priestly duties despite personal loss. Historically, this highlights the importance of obedience and reverence in the priestly office, a theme that resonates throughout Leviticus.

Take the grain offering that remains from the offerings made by fire to the LORD
The "grain offering" (מִנְחָה, minchah) is a significant element of the Levitical sacrificial system, symbolizing dedication and thanksgiving to God. The phrase "that remains" indicates the portion of the offering not consumed by fire, reserved for the priests. This reflects God's provision for His servants, ensuring their sustenance through the offerings of the people. The "offerings made by fire" (אִשֶּׁה, ishsheh) denote sacrifices wholly or partially burned on the altar, signifying the complete devotion required in worship.

and eat it without leaven beside the altar
The command to "eat it without leaven" (חָמֵץ, chametz) is crucial, as leaven often symbolizes sin or corruption in biblical typology. Consuming the offering "beside the altar" signifies the sanctity and immediacy of the act, reinforcing the holiness required in the priestly service. This practice serves as a reminder of the purity and separation from sin expected of those who serve God, a principle that extends to all believers in their spiritual walk.

for it is most holy
The designation "most holy" (קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים, qodesh qodashim) elevates the grain offering to the highest level of sanctity. This classification demands a higher standard of treatment and reverence, reflecting the seriousness with which God views His commands and the offerings made to Him. In a broader theological context, this underscores the holiness of God and the call for His people to reflect that holiness in their lives and worship practices.

You shall eat it
The directive to "eat it" refers to the consumption of the sacrificial offerings, specifically the portions designated for the priests. In the Hebrew context, the act of eating is not merely a physical necessity but a sacred duty. The Hebrew word for "eat" (אָכַל, 'akal) implies a communal and covenantal act, signifying participation in the divine provision and sustenance. This consumption is an act of obedience and reverence, acknowledging God's provision and the priestly role in mediating between God and Israel.

in a holy place
The phrase "in a holy place" underscores the sanctity required in the consumption of the offerings. The Hebrew term for "holy" (קֹדֶשׁ, qodesh) denotes something set apart for divine purposes. The holy place, likely the tabernacle or a designated area within the sanctuary, is where the presence of God dwells. Eating in this sacred space signifies the priests' unique relationship with God and their role in maintaining the holiness of the community.

because it is your portion and your sons’ portion
The "portion" (חֵלֶק, cheleq) refers to the share of the offerings allocated to the priests and their families. This allocation is a divine provision for those who serve in the temple, emphasizing God's care and sustenance for His servants. The inclusion of "your sons’ portion" highlights the hereditary nature of the priesthood and the continuity of God's provision across generations, ensuring that the priestly line is sustained.

from the fire offerings to the LORD
The "fire offerings" (אִשֶּׁה, ishsheh) are sacrifices made by fire, symbolizing the complete dedication and consecration to God. These offerings, consumed by fire, represent the people's devotion and atonement. The priests' consumption of a portion signifies their role in facilitating this divine-human interaction, acting as intermediaries who partake in the sacred act of offering to God.

for this is what I have been commanded
The phrase "I have been commanded" (צִוָּה, tzivah) reflects the divine authority behind the instructions given to the priests. This command underscores the importance of obedience to God's directives, which are not arbitrary but purposeful, ensuring the proper functioning of the sacrificial system and the maintenance of holiness. The priests' adherence to these commands is a testament to their faithfulness and dedication to their divine calling.

And you shall eat it
The directive to "eat it" refers to the consumption of the sacrificial offerings, specifically the portions designated for the priests. In the Hebrew context, the act of eating is not merely a physical necessity but a sacred act of participation in the divine provision. The Hebrew word for "eat" (אָכַל, 'akal) implies a communal sharing in the blessings and sustenance provided by God. This act signifies the priests' role in mediating between God and the people, partaking in the holiness of the offerings.

in a holy place
The phrase "in a holy place" underscores the sanctity required in the consumption of the offerings. The Hebrew term for "holy" (קֹדֶשׁ, qodesh) denotes something set apart for divine purposes. The holy place, likely the Tabernacle or its courtyard, is where God's presence dwells, emphasizing the need for reverence and purity. This requirement reflects the broader biblical theme of holiness, where God calls His people to be set apart and pure in their worship and daily lives.

because it is your portion
The "portion" refers to the part of the sacrificial offerings allocated to the priests. The Hebrew word for "portion" (חֵלֶק, cheleq) signifies an inheritance or share. This allocation is a divine provision for the priests, who do not have a land inheritance like the other tribes of Israel. It highlights God's care and provision for those who serve Him, ensuring their needs are met through the offerings of the people.

and your sons’ portion
The inclusion of "your sons’ portion" indicates the hereditary nature of the priestly office. The sons of Aaron, as future priests, are also beneficiaries of the sacrificial system. This provision ensures the continuity of the priestly line and the sustenance of those dedicated to serving God. It reflects the biblical principle of generational blessing and responsibility within the covenant community.

from the fire offerings to the LORD
The "fire offerings" are sacrifices made by fire, symbolizing the complete dedication and consecration to God. The Hebrew term (אִשֶּׁה, ishsheh) refers to offerings that are burnt, signifying the transformation and ascent of the offering to God. These offerings are a fragrant aroma to the LORD, representing the people's devotion and the priests' role in facilitating this worship.

for this is what I have been commanded
The phrase "I have been commanded" reflects the divine authority behind the instructions given to the priests. The Hebrew verb (צָוָה, tsavah) indicates a command or charge, emphasizing the importance of obedience to God's directives. This command underscores the seriousness of the priestly duties and the need for adherence to God's established order, reflecting the broader biblical theme of obedience as a response to God's covenantal relationship with His people.

You are to bring
This phrase indicates a directive from God, emphasizing the active participation of the priests in the sacrificial system. The Hebrew root for "bring" is "בּוֹא" (bo), which means to come or to bring. This action signifies obedience and the fulfillment of divine instructions, highlighting the importance of following God's commands precisely.

the thigh of the contribution
The "thigh" refers to a specific part of the sacrificial animal, often associated with strength and support. In Hebrew, "thigh" is "שׁוֹק" (shoq). The "contribution" (תְּרוּמָה, terumah) is a portion set aside for the priests, symbolizing the support and sustenance provided by God through the offerings of the people. This reflects the principle of giving God the best and supporting those who serve Him.

and the breast of the wave offering
The "breast" (חָזֶה, chazeh) is another significant part of the animal, symbolizing affection and care. The "wave offering" (תְּנוּפָה, tenuphah) involved a ritualistic motion of lifting and waving before the LORD, signifying the offering's dedication to God. This act of waving represents the acknowledgment of God's sovereignty and the offering's sanctification.

together with the offerings of fat portions made by fire
The "offerings of fat portions" (חֶלֶב, chelev) were considered the richest and best parts of the animal, reserved for God. "Made by fire" (אִשֶּׁה, ishsheh) indicates that these portions were burned on the altar, symbolizing the complete consumption and dedication to God. This act of burning represents purification and the pleasing aroma to the LORD, as seen throughout Levitical sacrifices.

to wave as a wave offering before the LORD
The repetition of "wave offering" underscores its importance. "Before the LORD" (לִפְנֵי יְהוָה, lifnei YHWH) signifies the presence of God, reminding the priests and the people that their actions are performed in His sight. This phrase emphasizes the personal relationship and accountability to God in worship.

It will belong to you and your sons
This phrase establishes the provision for the priests and their families. The Hebrew word for "belong" (יְהִי, yehi) implies possession and inheritance. This provision underscores God's care for those who serve Him, ensuring their needs are met through the community's offerings.

as a permanent portion
The term "permanent" (עוֹלָם, olam) indicates an enduring, everlasting ordinance. This highlights the continuity and unchanging nature of God's provision and covenant with the priesthood. It serves as a reminder of the eternal principles established by God for His people.

as the LORD has commanded
This phrase reaffirms the divine authority behind the instructions. "Commanded" (צִוָּה, tzivah) reflects God's sovereign will and the necessity of obedience. It underscores the importance of adhering to God's laws as an expression of faith and devotion, ensuring the proper functioning of the sacrificial system and the community's relationship with God.

Later, Moses searched carefully
The phrase "Later, Moses searched carefully" indicates a diligent and thorough investigation by Moses. The Hebrew root for "searched carefully" is "דָּרַשׁ" (darash), which implies an earnest seeking or inquiring. This reflects Moses' deep commitment to ensuring that God's commandments were followed precisely. In the historical context, Moses, as the leader and mediator between God and Israel, had the responsibility to maintain the sanctity and order of worship. His careful search underscores the seriousness with which the Israelites were to approach their covenant relationship with God.

for the goat of the sin offering
The "goat of the sin offering" refers to a specific sacrifice prescribed in Levitical law for atonement of sin. The Hebrew word for "sin offering" is "חַטָּאת" (chatta'ath), which signifies a sacrifice made to atone for sin and restore the relationship between the people and God. The sin offering was a crucial part of the sacrificial system, symbolizing the need for purification and forgiveness. In the broader scriptural context, this offering foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who, as the Lamb of God, takes away the sin of the world (John 1:29).

but it had been burned up
The phrase "but it had been burned up" indicates that the goat, which was supposed to be eaten by the priests as part of the ritual, was instead completely consumed by fire. This deviation from the prescribed ritual highlights the importance of obedience to God's instructions. The burning of the offering, rather than its consumption by the priests, could symbolize a complete offering to God, yet it also points to a failure in following the divine command. This incident serves as a reminder of the need for careful adherence to God's laws.

so he was angry with Eleazar and Ithamar
Moses' anger towards "Eleazar and Ithamar" reflects his concern for maintaining the holiness and order of the priestly duties. Eleazar and Ithamar, as Aaron's remaining sons, were responsible for carrying out the priestly functions after the death of their brothers, Nadab and Abihu. Moses' reaction underscores the gravity of their role and the expectation of strict compliance with God's commands. In a broader theological sense, this highlights the accountability of spiritual leaders and the importance of their example in guiding the community in faithfulness to God.

Aaron’s remaining sons
The phrase "Aaron’s remaining sons" emphasizes the continuity of the priestly line despite the tragic loss of Nadab and Abihu. Eleazar and Ithamar were now the bearers of the priestly mantle, tasked with upholding the sacred duties and responsibilities. This continuity is crucial in the biblical narrative, as it ensures the ongoing mediation between God and His people. The priesthood, established through Aaron's lineage, is a precursor to the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who intercedes on behalf of humanity.

and asked
The word "asked" signifies Moses' inquiry into the situation, seeking an explanation for the deviation from the prescribed ritual. This inquiry is not merely a question but a call to accountability and understanding. In the Hebrew context, asking questions was a method of teaching and ensuring comprehension of God's laws. Moses' questioning serves as a model for seeking clarity and truth, encouraging believers to engage deeply with God's Word and to seek understanding in their walk of faith.

Why did you not eat
This phrase is a direct question posed by Moses to Aaron and his remaining sons, Eleazar and Ithamar. The act of eating the sin offering was a commandment given to the priests as part of their duties. In the Hebrew context, the verb "eat" (אָכַל, 'akal) signifies not just physical consumption but also participation in the sacred rites. The priests were to partake in the offering as a means of internalizing the atonement process, symbolizing their role in mediating between God and the people.

the sin offering
The "sin offering" (חַטָּאת, chatta't) was a crucial part of the sacrificial system established in Leviticus. It was designed to atone for unintentional sins and restore the relationship between the Israelites and God. The offering was most holy, indicating its sacredness and the seriousness of sin. The sin offering's purpose was to cleanse and purify, reflecting the holiness required to approach God.

in the sanctuary area
The "sanctuary area" refers to the holy place within the Tabernacle where the priests performed their duties. This area was set apart for divine service, emphasizing the separation between the sacred and the profane. The Hebrew term for sanctuary (מִקְדָּשׁ, miqdash) underscores the concept of holiness and the presence of God. Eating the offering in this area signified the sanctification of the priests and their work.

It is most holy
The phrase "most holy" (קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים, qodesh qodashim) elevates the sin offering to the highest level of sanctity. This designation required the priests to handle the offering with utmost reverence and care. The holiness of the offering reflects God's nature and the need for purity in worship. It also highlights the gravity of sin and the necessity of atonement.

it was given to you
This phrase indicates that the sin offering was a divine provision for the priests. The offering was not just a ritual but a gift from God, entrusted to the priests for the purpose of atonement. The Hebrew verb "given" (נָתַן, natan) implies a transfer of responsibility and privilege, underscoring the priestly role as mediators.

to take away the guilt
The purpose of the sin offering was "to take away the guilt" (לָשֵׂאת אֶת־עֲוֹן, lase't et-avon) of the congregation. The Hebrew word for guilt (עָוֹן, avon) encompasses sin, iniquity, and the resulting burden. The offering symbolized the removal of this burden, allowing the people to stand blameless before God. This act of atonement was central to maintaining the covenant relationship.

of the congregation
The "congregation" (עֵדָה, edah) refers to the entire assembly of Israel. The sin offering was not just for individual sins but for the collective transgressions of the people. This communal aspect highlights the interconnectedness of the Israelites and their shared responsibility in upholding the covenant with God.

by making atonement for them
The process of "making atonement" (לְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיהֶם, lekhapper alehem) involved covering or purging sin. The Hebrew root (כָּפַר, kaphar) conveys the idea of reconciliation and restoration. Atonement was essential for maintaining the holiness of the community and ensuring God's continued presence among them.

before the LORD
The phrase "before the LORD" (לִפְנֵי יְהוָה, lifnei YHWH) signifies the divine audience and approval of the sacrificial act. The offerings were made in the presence of God, emphasizing His sovereignty and the need for His acceptance. This phrase reminds the Israelites of their accountability to God and the importance of aligning their worship with His commands.

Since its blood was not brought inside the holy place
The phrase "its blood was not brought inside the holy place" refers to the specific instructions given for certain offerings. In the Hebrew context, the word for "blood" is "dam," which is central to the sacrificial system, symbolizing life and atonement (Leviticus 17:11). The "holy place" is the sacred area within the tabernacle where God's presence dwelt. The blood of certain sacrifices, like the sin offering, was to be brought into the holy place to make atonement. This highlights the importance of following God's precise instructions for worship and the seriousness of the priestly duties.

you should have eaten it in the sanctuary area
The command "you should have eaten it in the sanctuary area" underscores the priestly privilege and responsibility. The Hebrew word for "sanctuary" is "miqdash," meaning a consecrated place. Eating the offering in the sanctuary signifies the priests' participation in the holiness of the sacrifice. It was a communal act of worship and obedience, reflecting the covenant relationship between God and His people. This practice also served to sustain the priests physically and spiritually, as they were set apart for service to God.

as I commanded
The phrase "as I commanded" emphasizes the authority and sovereignty of God in giving the law. The Hebrew root "tsavah" means to command or charge, indicating a divine directive that is not to be taken lightly. This reflects the broader biblical theme of obedience to God's word as a demonstration of faith and reverence. The priests' failure to adhere to God's command in this instance serves as a reminder of the need for careful observance of God's instructions, highlighting the holiness and order that God requires in worship.

But Aaron replied to Moses
This phrase introduces Aaron's response to Moses, highlighting a moment of tension and explanation. The Hebrew root for "replied" (עָנָה, 'anah) suggests a thoughtful or considered response, indicating Aaron's need to justify his actions. Historically, Aaron, as the high priest, held a significant role in mediating between God and the Israelites, and his reply reflects the weight of his responsibilities and the gravity of the situation.

Behold, today they presented
The word "Behold" (הִנֵּה, hinneh) is an attention-grabbing term, often used in Scripture to emphasize the importance of what follows. It signals a shift in focus to the day's events. The phrase "today they presented" underscores the immediacy and significance of the offerings made. In the context of Levitical law, presenting offerings was a sacred duty, and the day's events were pivotal in the consecration of the priesthood.

their sin offering and their burnt offering
These offerings were central to the Levitical sacrificial system. The "sin offering" (חַטָּאת, chatat) was meant for atonement, symbolizing purification from sin. The "burnt offering" (עֹלָה, olah) represented complete surrender to God, as it was wholly consumed by fire. Together, these offerings illustrate the dual aspects of atonement and dedication, foundational to Israel's covenant relationship with God.

before the LORD
This phrase signifies the offerings' presentation in the presence of God, emphasizing the sacredness of the act. The Hebrew term for "before" (לִפְנֵי, lifnei) conveys the idea of being in the presence or face of someone, in this case, the LORD (יְהוָה, Yahweh). It underscores the direct relationship between the Israelites and their God, highlighting the divine approval sought through these offerings.

and such things as these have happened to me
Aaron refers to the tragic events of the day, specifically the death of his sons Nadab and Abihu. The phrase "such things as these" (כָּאֵלֶּה, ka'eleh) points to the unexpected and grievous nature of the events. This context reveals Aaron's deep personal grief and the emotional burden he carries, which impacts his ability to perform his priestly duties.

If I had eaten the sin offering today
Eating the sin offering was a prescribed duty for the priests, symbolizing their role in bearing the people's sins. However, Aaron questions the appropriateness of performing this ritual in his state of mourning. The conditional "If" (אִם, im) introduces a hypothetical scenario, reflecting Aaron's internal conflict and his concern for maintaining the sanctity of the ritual.

would it have been acceptable in the sight of the LORD?
Aaron's question reveals his deep reverence for God's holiness and his fear of offending the divine presence. The term "acceptable" (טוֹב, tov) in Hebrew conveys the idea of goodness or favor. Aaron's concern is whether his actions, under the circumstances, would align with God's will and be pleasing to Him. This highlights the tension between ritual obligation and personal integrity in worship.

And when Moses heard this
The phrase begins with "And," indicating a continuation of a narrative or a response to a preceding event. In the context of Leviticus 10, this follows the tragic incident involving Nadab and Abihu, Aaron's sons, who offered unauthorized fire before the Lord and were consumed by fire as a result. The Hebrew root for "heard" is שָׁמַע (shama), which implies not just the act of hearing but also understanding and obeying. Moses, as the leader and prophet, is attentive to the words and actions of those around him, especially in matters concerning God's commandments. This highlights the importance of spiritual leaders being receptive and discerning, ensuring that they are aligned with God's will.

it was acceptable to him
The word "acceptable" in Hebrew is יָשַׁר (yashar), which means to be right, straight, or pleasing. This indicates that Moses found the explanation or action taken by Aaron and his remaining sons to be in accordance with God's will, despite the earlier tragedy. The context here is Aaron's response to Moses regarding the consumption of the sin offering. Moses' acceptance signifies a moment of grace and understanding, recognizing the sincerity and reverence in Aaron's heart despite the deviation from the prescribed ritual. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's mercy and the importance of the heart's intention in worship and obedience. It serves as a reminder that while God desires obedience, He also values the sincerity and humility of His people.