Some time later
This phrase indicates a passage of time since the events of Esther 1, where King Xerxes (Ahasuerus) held a grand banquet and subsequently deposed Queen Vashti. The Hebrew phrase used here, "אַחַר הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה" (achar ha-devarim ha-eleh), suggests a significant interval, allowing for reflection and the unfolding of God's providential plan. In the context of the narrative, this time lapse sets the stage for the introduction of Esther, highlighting the divine orchestration behind the scenes.

when King Xerxes’ rage had subsided
The calming of King Xerxes' anger is crucial to the narrative. His rage, which led to Vashti's removal, is now replaced by a more reflective state. The Hebrew word for "rage" here is "חֵמָה" (chemah), which conveys intense fury. The subsiding of this anger suggests a divine intervention, preparing the king's heart for the events to follow. This change in demeanor is pivotal, as it opens the door for Esther's rise to prominence, demonstrating God's sovereignty over human emotions and decisions.

he remembered Vashti
The act of remembering Vashti indicates a moment of reflection and perhaps regret. The Hebrew verb "זָכַר" (zakar) implies more than mere recollection; it suggests a consideration of past actions and their consequences. This remembrance is significant as it underscores the king's humanity and the potential for repentance and change. It also sets the stage for the search for a new queen, which is central to the unfolding of God's plan for the Jewish people.

and what she had done
This phrase refers to Vashti's refusal to appear before the king and his guests, an act of defiance that led to her removal. The Hebrew text emphasizes her actions, "וְאֵת אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂתָה" (ve-et asher asatah), highlighting the cause of the king's initial anger. This reflection on Vashti's actions serves as a reminder of the consequences of disobedience, yet also points to the possibility of redemption and new beginnings, as seen in the introduction of Esther.

and what had been decreed about her
The decree against Vashti, as recorded in Esther 1:19, was irrevocable according to the laws of the Medes and Persians. The Hebrew phrase "וְאֵת אֲשֶׁר נִגְזַר עָלֶיהָ" (ve-et asher nigzar aleha) underscores the finality of the king's decision. This irrevocable decree sets a legal precedent that influences the narrative, emphasizing the unchangeable nature of royal edicts. However, it also highlights the contrast with God's ultimate authority, as His plans for Esther and the Jewish people unfold despite human laws. This serves as a powerful reminder of God's sovereignty and the assurance that His purposes will prevail.

Then the king's attendants
This phrase introduces us to the royal court of King Ahasuerus, also known as Xerxes I, who ruled the Persian Empire. The "attendants" were likely high-ranking officials or advisors who had the king's ear. In the Hebrew text, the word used here is "na'ar," which can mean young men or servants. These attendants played a crucial role in the administration of the kingdom and were often involved in significant decisions. Historically, the Persian court was known for its opulence and complex bureaucracy, reflecting the vastness of the empire.

who served him
This phrase emphasizes the loyalty and duty of the attendants to the king. The Hebrew word "sharat" is used here, which means to minister or serve. This service was not merely about fulfilling tasks but involved a deep commitment to the king's well-being and the prosperity of his reign. In a broader biblical context, service is a recurring theme, highlighting the importance of faithfulness and dedication, whether to God or earthly authorities.

said, 'Let a search be made
The attendants propose a proactive solution to the king's predicament following Queen Vashti's dismissal. The phrase "let a search be made" indicates a systematic and thorough process. The Hebrew root "baqash" means to seek or search diligently. This reflects the organized nature of the Persian administration and their ability to execute large-scale operations, such as the search for a new queen.

for beautiful young virgins
This phrase sets the criteria for the search. The emphasis on "beautiful" and "young virgins" highlights the cultural values of the time, where physical beauty and purity were highly prized, especially in a royal context. The Hebrew word for "beautiful" is "yapheh," and "virgins" is "betulah," both of which carry connotations of desirability and suitability for the royal position. This reflects the societal norms and expectations of women in ancient Persia, where beauty and virtue were often seen as prerequisites for positions of influence.

for the king
The ultimate purpose of the search is to find a suitable companion for the king. This phrase underscores the centrality of the king's desires and needs in the decision-making process. In the broader biblical narrative, kingship often symbolizes authority and governance, and the search for a queen can be seen as a metaphor for seeking what is best and most fitting for leadership. The king's choice would not only affect his personal life but also have implications for the entire kingdom, highlighting the interconnectedness of personal and political realms in ancient times.

Let the king appoint commissioners
This phrase indicates the authority and organizational structure of the Persian Empire. The king, likely King Xerxes (Ahasuerus), had the power to appoint officials throughout his vast empire. The Hebrew root for "appoint" suggests a deliberate and authoritative action, reflecting the king's absolute rule. Historically, the Persian Empire was known for its efficient administration, with a network of officials ensuring the king's decrees were implemented across diverse regions.

in every province of his kingdom
The Persian Empire was extensive, stretching from India to Ethiopia, comprising 127 provinces. This phrase underscores the vastness and diversity of the empire. Each province had its own local customs and governance, yet all were subject to the king's authority. The historical context reveals the logistical challenge of such a decree, highlighting the empire's sophisticated communication and administrative systems.

to bring all the beautiful young virgins
This phrase reflects the cultural and societal norms of the time, where beauty and youth were highly valued, especially in royal courts. The Hebrew word for "virgins" implies purity and eligibility for marriage, which was crucial for the selection process. This practice, though foreign to modern sensibilities, was a common way for ancient monarchs to secure alliances and ensure the continuation of their lineage.

to the citadel of Susa
Susa was one of the Persian Empire's capitals, known for its grandeur and strategic importance. Archaeological findings have uncovered the opulence of the royal palace, providing a backdrop for the events in Esther. The citadel served as a symbol of Persian power and a central location for royal decisions and festivities.

to the harem under the supervision of Hegai
The harem was a secluded part of the royal palace where the king's wives and concubines resided. Hegai, the king's eunuch, was entrusted with overseeing the harem, indicating his trusted position. Eunuchs often held significant roles in ancient courts due to their perceived loyalty and inability to challenge the king's lineage. This arrangement reflects the structured and hierarchical nature of the Persian court.

the king’s eunuch, custodian of the women
This phrase highlights the role of eunuchs in ancient Near Eastern societies. As custodians, they were responsible for the care and management of the women in the harem. The term "custodian" implies a protective and managerial role, ensuring the women were prepared for their potential presentation to the king.

And let them be given beauty treatments
Beauty treatments were an essential part of preparation for women in the royal court, emphasizing the importance of physical appearance. The Hebrew term suggests a regimen of oils, perfumes, and cosmetics, reflecting the luxurious lifestyle of the Persian elite. This practice illustrates the cultural emphasis on beauty and the lengths to which individuals would go to gain favor in the king's eyes.

Then let the young woman
The phrase "young woman" in Hebrew is "na'arah," which often refers to a girl of marriageable age. In the context of ancient Persia, this highlights the cultural practice of selecting young women for royal service or marriage. The emphasis on youth underscores the king's desire for vitality and beauty, which were highly prized attributes in a queen.

who pleases the king
The Hebrew word for "pleases" is "yatav," meaning to be good, pleasing, or agreeable. This reflects the king's subjective criteria for choosing a queen, focusing on personal satisfaction and favor. It suggests a superficial standard based on appearance and demeanor rather than character or virtue, which contrasts with the biblical ideal of inner beauty and godliness.

be queen in place of Vashti
The phrase "in place of Vashti" indicates a replacement, highlighting the consequences of Vashti's disobedience to King Xerxes. Vashti's removal serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of obedience and submission within the royal court. Historically, this reflects the absolute authority of the king and the precarious position of women in ancient monarchies.

This advice appealed to the king
The word "appealed" in Hebrew is "yatav," the same root as "pleases," indicating that the proposal was agreeable and satisfactory to the king. This repetition emphasizes the king's self-centered decision-making process, driven by personal desires rather than moral or ethical considerations.

and he acted accordingly
The king's immediate action upon receiving the advice demonstrates the swift execution of royal decrees in ancient Persia. It underscores the king's authority and the lack of checks and balances in his decision-making. This historical context highlights the vulnerability of individuals under autocratic rule and sets the stage for Esther's rise, which will ultimately serve God's providential plan for His people.

Now there was
This phrase sets the stage for the introduction of a significant character in the narrative. The use of "now" indicates a transition in the story, drawing attention to a new development. In the Hebrew text, the word "וַיְהִי" (vayehi) often introduces a narrative sequence, suggesting the unfolding of God's providential plan. It reminds us that God is always at work, orchestrating events for His purposes.

at the citadel of Susa
Susa, known as Shushan in Hebrew, was one of the ancient capitals of the Persian Empire. Archaeological excavations have revealed its grandeur and significance as a political and administrative center. The citadel, a fortified area, symbolizes power and authority. The mention of Susa situates the account within a historical and geopolitical context, highlighting the Jewish diaspora's presence in foreign lands and God's sovereignty over all nations.

a Jew
The term "Jew" (יְהוּדִי, Yehudi) identifies Mordecai's ethnic and religious identity. It signifies his belonging to the people of God, who were set apart by their covenant relationship with Yahweh. This identity is crucial in the narrative, as it underscores the tension between the Jewish people and their surrounding cultures. It also foreshadows the theme of divine deliverance and protection for God's chosen people.

of the tribe of Benjamin
The tribe of Benjamin holds historical significance in Israel's history. Benjamin was the youngest son of Jacob and Rachel, and the tribe played a prominent role in the formation of the nation of Israel. King Saul, Israel's first king, was from the tribe of Benjamin, as was the Apostle Paul. This lineage connects Mordecai to a rich heritage of leadership and faithfulness, emphasizing God's continued work through the tribes of Israel.

named Mordecai
The name "Mordecai" (מָרְדֳּכַי, Mordokhai) is of Babylonian origin, possibly derived from the god Marduk. This reflects the cultural assimilation experienced by Jews in exile. Despite his foreign name, Mordecai's actions demonstrate his unwavering commitment to God and his people. His name serves as a reminder that God can use individuals from diverse backgrounds to fulfill His purposes.

son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish
This genealogical detail establishes Mordecai's lineage and connection to the tribe of Benjamin. Kish, mentioned here, is also the name of King Saul's father, suggesting a noble ancestry. The inclusion of these names highlights the importance of heritage and identity in the Jewish tradition. It also reinforces the idea that God works through families and generations to accomplish His divine plan.

who had been carried into exile
This phrase refers to the forced relocation of the Jewish people from their homeland to Babylon. The Hebrew root for "exile" is "גָּלָה" (galah), which means to uncover or remove. This exile was a significant event in Jewish history, marking a period of profound loss and transformation. It serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and the consequences of disobedience, yet also His faithfulness in preserving His people even in foreign lands.

from Jerusalem
Jerusalem, the holy city, was the center of Jewish worship and identity. Its mention here underscores the gravity of the exile, as it was not just a physical displacement but a spiritual and cultural upheaval. Jerusalem symbolizes God's presence and the covenant with His people, making the exile a poignant moment of reflection on the nation's relationship with God.

by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon
Nebuchadnezzar was the powerful ruler of Babylon who conquered Jerusalem. His name in Akkadian, "Nabu-kudurri-usur," means "Nabu, protect my boundary." Historically, he is known for his military conquests and the grandeur of Babylon. His role in the exile highlights the theme of God's use of foreign powers to fulfill divine purposes, demonstrating that even mighty kings are under God's ultimate authority.

among those taken captive
This phrase emphasizes the collective experience of the Jewish people during the exile. The Hebrew word "שָׁבָה" (shabah) means to take captive or to lead away. It reflects the shared suffering and identity of the exiles, who were bound together by their faith and heritage despite their displacement. This collective identity would later play a crucial role in their return and restoration.

with Jeconiah king of Judah
Jeconiah, also known as Jehoiachin, was the king of Judah at the time of the exile. His reign was short, and he was taken captive by Nebuchadnezzar. The mention of Jeconiah ties the narrative to the Davidic line, reminding readers of God's promises to David's descendants. Despite the apparent end of his reign, Jeconiah's inclusion in the genealogy of Jesus (Matthew 1:11) signifies hope and the continuation of God's redemptive plan through the lineage of David.

And Mordecai had brought up Hadassah (that is, Esther)
The name "Mordecai" is of Babylonian origin, possibly linked to the god Marduk, reflecting the Jewish diaspora's integration into Persian society. "Hadassah" is Esther's Hebrew name, meaning "myrtle," a plant symbolizing peace and thanksgiving. The dual naming signifies her dual identity as a Jew and a Persian subject. Esther, derived from the Persian word for "star," highlights her destined prominence. Mordecai's role as her guardian underscores the Jewish tradition of family loyalty and care for orphans, reflecting God's command to protect the vulnerable (Deuteronomy 10:18).

the daughter of his uncle
This phrase indicates Esther's familial connection to Mordecai, emphasizing the close-knit nature of Jewish families. In ancient Jewish culture, family lineage was crucial, and this connection highlights the importance of kinship and responsibility within the Jewish community. The mention of "uncle" situates Esther within a broader family network, which was vital for survival and identity in exile.

for she had neither father nor mother
This phrase poignantly underscores Esther's vulnerability and the precariousness of her situation. Orphanhood in ancient times often meant a lack of protection and provision. However, it also sets the stage for God's providential care through Mordecai. The absence of her parents highlights the theme of divine intervention and the community's role in caring for the orphaned, as seen in James 1:27, which calls believers to look after orphans.

The young woman was lovely in form and appearance
This description of Esther's beauty is significant in the narrative, as it becomes a key factor in her selection as queen. The Hebrew words used here, "yapheh" (beautiful) and "to'ar" (form), suggest not only physical attractiveness but also a gracefulness that captures attention. In the biblical context, beauty often signifies God's favor, as seen with figures like Joseph and David, whose appearances were noted alongside their divine missions.

and when her father and mother died, Mordecai had taken her in as his own daughter
This act of adoption by Mordecai is a profound demonstration of covenantal love and responsibility. The Hebrew concept of "go'el" (kinsman-redeemer) is echoed here, where family members are expected to support and redeem their kin. Mordecai's actions reflect God's heart for adoption and care, as seen in Psalm 68:5, where God is described as a "father to the fatherless." This adoption not only provides Esther with a home but also positions her within God's redemptive plan for His people.

When the king’s command and edict had been proclaimed
This phrase sets the stage for the unfolding events in the narrative. The "king's command and edict" refers to the decree issued by King Xerxes (Ahasuerus) to gather all the beautiful young virgins in the kingdom to find a new queen. Historically, this reflects the absolute power of Persian monarchs, whose decrees were irrevocable. The Hebrew word for "command" (פִּקּוּד, piqqud) often implies a directive that must be followed, underscoring the authority of the king and the seriousness of the situation.

many young women were brought to the citadel of Susa
The "citadel of Susa" was a fortified palace complex, serving as one of the capitals of the Persian Empire. Archaeological excavations have revealed its grandeur, which included a royal palace and administrative buildings. The phrase "many young women were brought" indicates the vastness of the search for a new queen, highlighting the king's desire for the most beautiful and suitable candidate. The Hebrew verb for "brought" (אָסַף, asaph) suggests a gathering or assembling, emphasizing the involuntary nature of the women's relocation.

and entrusted to Hegai, who was in charge of the harem
Hegai, a eunuch, was responsible for the care and preparation of the women. Eunuchs often held significant positions in royal courts due to their perceived loyalty and inability to threaten the royal lineage. The term "entrusted" (נָתַן, nathan) implies a transfer of responsibility, indicating that Hegai was a trusted official. The "harem" was a secluded part of the palace where the king's wives and concubines lived, reflecting the cultural practices of the time regarding royal households.

Esther also was taken to the king’s palace
Esther's inclusion in this group marks the beginning of her pivotal role in the narrative. The phrase "was taken" (לָקַח, laqach) can imply being seized or captured, suggesting that Esther's participation was not by choice. This highlights the theme of divine providence, as Esther's presence in the palace sets the stage for her future influence. The "king's palace" symbolizes the center of power and authority, where Esther's destiny will unfold.

and entrusted to the care of Hegai, the custodian of the women
Reiterating Hegai's role, this phrase emphasizes the structured and hierarchical nature of the Persian court. The repetition of "entrusted" underscores the careful management of the women, as they underwent a year-long beautification process. The "custodian of the women" (שֹׁמֵר, shomer) indicates a guardian or protector, highlighting Hegai's duty to prepare the women for their potential presentation to the king. This preparation process reflects the cultural emphasis on beauty and readiness for royal service.

And the girl pleased him
The phrase "pleased him" indicates a favorable impression that Esther made on Hegai, the custodian of the women. The Hebrew root word here is "yatab," which means to be good, pleasing, or well. This suggests that Esther's demeanor, character, or perhaps even divine favor, made her stand out. In a historical context, this favor is significant as it sets the stage for Esther's rise in a foreign court, highlighting God's providence and the unfolding of His plan through seemingly ordinary events.

and gained his favor
"Gained his favor" is a critical phrase that underscores the divine orchestration in Esther's life. The Hebrew word "chesed" often translated as "favor" or "loving-kindness," implies a deeper, covenantal love and mercy. This favor is not merely human preference but suggests a divine intervention where God inclines the hearts of others towards His chosen instruments. In the broader scriptural context, this reflects the theme of God's sovereignty and grace working through human affairs.

So he quickly provided her
The word "quickly" indicates urgency and eagerness in Hegai's actions. The Hebrew root "mahar" conveys a sense of haste, suggesting that Hegai was not only impressed but also motivated to act swiftly on Esther's behalf. This rapid provision can be seen as a reflection of God's timely intervention, ensuring that Esther is prepared for her future role in saving her people.

with beauty treatments and special food
"Beauty treatments" and "special food" refer to the preparations necessary for a woman to be presented to the king. The Hebrew term for "beauty treatments" is "tamruq," which involves purification and adornment processes. This preparation is symbolic of the spiritual and physical readiness required for a significant calling. The "special food" indicates nourishment that sets Esther apart, possibly reflecting the favor and provision of God in her life, ensuring she is equipped for her destiny.

He assigned to her seven chosen maidens
The number "seven" in biblical terms often symbolizes completeness or perfection. The assignment of "seven chosen maidens" suggests a fullness of support and resources provided to Esther. This provision can be seen as God's perfect arrangement, ensuring Esther is surrounded by the necessary support system. Historically, this also reflects the opulence and structure of the Persian court, where such arrangements were a sign of honor and status.

from the king’s palace
The phrase "from the king’s palace" indicates the origin of the maidens, emphasizing their quality and the honor bestowed upon Esther. Being from the palace suggests that these maidens were well-trained and accustomed to royal protocols, further highlighting the special favor Esther received. This detail underscores the theme of divine elevation from humble beginnings to a place of influence and authority.

and moved her and her maids to the best place in the harem
"Moved her and her maids to the best place" signifies a strategic positioning within the harem. The "best place" implies a place of prominence and favor, setting Esther apart from the other women. This relocation is a physical manifestation of the favor she has found, both with Hegai and ultimately with God. In a broader theological context, it reflects the biblical theme of God positioning His people for His purposes, often in ways that are beyond human understanding or expectation.

Esther did not reveal
The phrase "Esther did not reveal" indicates a deliberate choice of concealment. The Hebrew root for "reveal" is "גָּלָה" (galah), which means to uncover or disclose. In the context of the Persian Empire, where Esther found herself, revealing her Jewish identity could have led to prejudice or danger. This decision reflects wisdom and obedience, as Esther heeds the counsel of Mordecai, her guardian. It underscores the theme of divine providence, where God’s plans often unfold through seemingly ordinary decisions and actions.

her people or her kindred
The terms "her people" and "her kindred" refer to Esther's Jewish heritage. The Hebrew word for "people" is "עַם" (am), and "kindred" is "מוֹלֶדֶת" (moledet), which can mean family or lineage. This dual reference emphasizes the importance of identity and belonging. In a foreign land, Esther's connection to her people is a source of strength and identity, even as she conceals it. Historically, the Jewish people have often faced the challenge of maintaining their identity amidst assimilation pressures, and Esther's account is a testament to the resilience of faith and culture.

for Mordecai had instructed her
The phrase "for Mordecai had instructed her" highlights the role of Mordecai as a wise and protective figure in Esther's life. The Hebrew root for "instructed" is "צָוָה" (tsavah), meaning to command or charge. Mordecai's guidance is pivotal, reflecting the biblical principle of honoring and heeding wise counsel. In the broader scriptural context, Mordecai's instruction is not just a protective measure but also a strategic one, setting the stage for Esther's future role in God's deliverance of His people.

not to do so
The phrase "not to do so" underscores the importance of discretion and timing. In the Hebrew text, the negative particle "לֹא" (lo) is used, indicating a clear prohibition. This instruction is crucial, as it allows Esther to navigate the complexities of the Persian court without immediate prejudice. It also illustrates a broader biblical theme of waiting on God's timing and the wisdom of restraint. Esther's obedience to this instruction is a testament to her character and faith, trusting in God's plan even when it is not fully visible.

And every day
The phrase "and every day" emphasizes the consistency and dedication of Mordecai's actions. In Hebrew, the word for "day" is "yom," which can signify not just a literal day but also a period of time marked by specific activities. Mordecai's daily routine reflects his unwavering commitment and concern for Esther, highlighting the importance of persistence and faithfulness in relationships. This constancy can be seen as a model for believers, encouraging them to remain steadfast in their duties and care for others.

Mordecai walked back and forth
The action of "walked back and forth" suggests a sense of vigilance and restlessness. The Hebrew root "halak" means to walk or go, often implying a purposeful movement. Mordecai's pacing indicates his deep concern and protective nature towards Esther. This imagery can inspire believers to be proactive and attentive in their roles as guardians and supporters of those they love, mirroring God's watchful care over His people.

in front of the courtyard of the harem
The "courtyard of the harem" situates the narrative within the Persian royal palace, a place of both privilege and isolation. The harem was a secluded area where the king's wives and concubines resided, often cut off from the outside world. Mordecai's presence outside this space underscores his determination to remain connected to Esther despite the barriers. Historically, this setting reflects the complexities of life in the Persian Empire, where political and personal dynamics were intricately intertwined. For believers, it serves as a reminder of the importance of maintaining connections and support systems, even in challenging circumstances.

to learn about Esther’s welfare
Mordecai's intent "to learn about Esther’s welfare" reveals his deep care and concern for her well-being. The Hebrew word for "welfare" is "shalom," which encompasses peace, completeness, and prosperity. Mordecai's desire to know about Esther's shalom indicates his holistic concern for her physical, emotional, and spiritual state. This reflects the biblical principle of seeking the well-being of others, encouraging believers to be mindful of the comprehensive needs of those around them.

and what was happening to her
The phrase "and what was happening to her" suggests an awareness of the unfolding events and circumstances affecting Esther. The Hebrew verb "karah" can mean to happen or occur, often implying unforeseen or significant events. Mordecai's vigilance in understanding Esther's situation highlights the importance of being informed and responsive to the changes in the lives of loved ones. This attentiveness can inspire believers to be discerning and proactive in their support, trusting in God's sovereignty over all circumstances.

In the twelve months
The phrase "in the twelve months" indicates a period of preparation that was both extensive and deliberate. In the ancient Persian Empire, this time frame reflects the importance placed on readiness and transformation. The number twelve often symbolizes completeness or perfection in the Bible, suggesting that this period was designed to fully prepare the women for their potential role as queen.

before her turn to go in to King Xerxes
This phrase highlights the anticipation and significance of the moment when each woman would meet the king. King Xerxes, known historically as Ahasuerus, was a powerful ruler of the Persian Empire. The phrase underscores the gravity of the occasion, as each woman’s future depended on this encounter. It also reflects the hierarchical and patriarchal nature of the society, where the king's favor determined one's destiny.

the girl had to complete
The requirement that "the girl had to complete" these treatments emphasizes the obligatory nature of the process. It was not optional but a mandated preparation. This reflects the cultural norms and expectations of the time, where women were often subject to the authority and decisions of others, particularly in royal contexts.

the prescribed twelve months of beauty treatments
The "prescribed twelve months of beauty treatments" indicates a structured and possibly ritualistic process. The use of the word "prescribed" suggests that these treatments were standardized and possibly rooted in tradition or law. This reflects the Persian emphasis on beauty and appearance, which were highly valued in the royal court.

six months with oil of myrrh
Myrrh, a resin used for its fragrance and medicinal properties, was highly prized in ancient times. The "six months with oil of myrrh" suggests a period of purification and beautification. Myrrh is mentioned in other biblical contexts, often associated with anointing and preparation, symbolizing a process of sanctification and readiness.

and six with perfumes and cosmetics
The additional "six with perfumes and cosmetics" further emphasizes the importance of physical appearance in the royal selection process. Perfumes and cosmetics were used to enhance beauty and allure, reflecting the cultural values of the Persian Empire. This preparation was not merely about physical beauty but also about presenting oneself in a manner befitting the royal court.

Then the young woman
This phrase refers to the virgins selected for King Xerxes' consideration. In the Hebrew text, the word for "young woman" is "na'arah," which denotes a young, unmarried woman. This highlights the innocence and purity expected of those brought before the king. Historically, these women were chosen from across the Persian Empire, emphasizing the vastness of Xerxes' rule and the diverse backgrounds of the women.

would go to the king
The phrase indicates the culmination of a year-long preparation process. The Hebrew verb "bo" (to go) suggests a formal and significant event. This was not a casual meeting but a moment of great importance, as each woman had the opportunity to become queen. The king's chamber was a place of power and decision, reflecting the gravity of this encounter.

and she was given whatever she requested
This phrase underscores the generosity and freedom granted to each woman before meeting the king. The Hebrew word "nathan" (to give) implies a bestowal of favor. This provision allowed the women to present themselves in the best possible light, symbolizing the king's wealth and the importance of the occasion. It also reflects the cultural practices of the time, where appearance and presentation were highly valued.

to take with her from the harem
The harem, or "beit hanashim" in Hebrew, was a secluded part of the palace where the women lived. This phrase indicates that the women could choose items that would enhance their appeal to the king. The harem was a place of both privilege and confinement, reflecting the dual nature of their situation—honored yet restricted.

to the palace
The palace, or "beit hamelech" in Hebrew, was the center of royal authority and power. This phrase signifies the transition from the harem to the king's presence, a journey from preparation to potential elevation. The palace was not just a physical location but a symbol of the king's dominion and the possibility of becoming part of the royal household. This journey represents a pivotal moment in each woman's life, filled with hope and uncertainty.

In the evening
This phrase sets the scene for the events that unfold in the narrative. The evening was a time of transition, often associated with rest and reflection in ancient cultures. In the context of Esther, the evening signifies a moment of change and potential new beginnings. The Hebrew word for evening, "ereb," can also imply a mingling or mixing, which is fitting as Esther's life is about to intermingle with the king's court in a significant way.

she would go in
This phrase indicates the action Esther would take, entering into the presence of King Xerxes. The Hebrew verb "bo" is used here, which means to come or go. It suggests a deliberate and purposeful movement, highlighting Esther's courage and the gravity of the situation. Her entry into the king's presence was not just a physical act but a pivotal moment in her life and the history of her people.

and in the morning
The morning represents a new day, a fresh start, and the unfolding of God's plans. In the Hebrew context, "boker" signifies the breaking of dawn, a time when darkness gives way to light. This transition from evening to morning symbolizes hope and the potential for divine intervention, as Esther's fate and the fate of her people hang in the balance.

she would return
The act of returning implies a cycle or routine, yet for Esther, it was a return to uncertainty. The Hebrew word "shuv" means to turn back or return, often used in the context of repentance or restoration. Esther's return signifies the completion of one phase and the anticipation of what is to come, underscoring the theme of waiting on God's timing.

to a second harem
The mention of a second harem highlights the structured and hierarchical nature of the Persian court. The Hebrew term "beit hanashim" refers to the house of women, indicating a place set apart for those who had been with the king. This separation underscores the exclusivity and control within the royal system, yet it also sets the stage for Esther's unique rise to prominence.

under the supervision of Shaashgaz
Shaashgaz, a name of Persian origin, was the eunuch in charge of the second harem. His role was one of authority and oversight, ensuring the king's interests were maintained. The presence of such figures in the narrative highlights the complex bureaucracy of the Persian empire and the layers of influence that Esther had to navigate.

the king’s eunuch in charge of the concubines
This phrase emphasizes the eunuch's responsibility and the structured nature of the king's household. Eunuchs were often trusted officials in ancient courts, valued for their loyalty and ability to manage sensitive affairs. The mention of concubines reflects the king's wealth and power, yet it also underscores the vulnerability of women in such a system, making Esther's eventual rise all the more remarkable.

She would not return to the king
This statement underscores the finality and exclusivity of Esther's initial encounter with the king. The Hebrew construction implies a conditional return, dependent on the king's favor. It highlights the precariousness of Esther's position and the importance of divine favor in her journey.

unless he delighted in her
The king's delight was the determining factor for Esther's future. The Hebrew word "chaphets" conveys pleasure or desire, indicating that Esther's fate rested on the king's personal preference. This phrase underscores the theme of favor, both human and divine, as a critical element in the unfolding of God's plan.

and summoned her by name
Being summoned by name signifies recognition and personal attention. In the Hebrew context, a name carries deep significance, often reflecting one's character or destiny. For Esther, being called by name would mean she had found favor in the king's eyes, a pivotal moment that would ultimately lead to her role in God's deliverance of her people.

Now Esther
The name "Esther" is derived from the Persian word for "star," and it is also related to the Hebrew word "Hadassah," meaning "myrtle." The myrtle tree is a symbol of peace and thanksgiving in Jewish tradition. Esther's dual names reflect her unique position as a Jewish woman in a Persian court, embodying both her cultural heritage and her role in a foreign land. Her account is a testament to God's providence and the way He uses individuals to fulfill His purposes.

was the daughter of Abihail
Abihail, meaning "my father is might," signifies the strength and heritage from which Esther comes. Although her parents are not central figures in the narrative, their mention underscores the importance of lineage and identity in Jewish culture. Esther's connection to Abihail roots her in a legacy of faith and courage, which she embodies throughout the story.

the uncle of Mordecai
Mordecai, whose name may be derived from the Babylonian god Marduk, is a pivotal figure in Esther's life. As her cousin and adoptive father, Mordecai represents the Jewish community's resilience and faithfulness. His guidance and wisdom are instrumental in Esther's development and her eventual role as a savior of her people.

who had adopted her as his own daughter
The act of adoption here is significant, highlighting themes of family, loyalty, and divine orchestration. Mordecai's adoption of Esther is a reflection of God's adoption of His people, providing care, protection, and purpose. This relationship sets the stage for Esther's rise to prominence and her ability to influence the king.

When her turn came to go to the king
This phrase marks a pivotal moment in Esther's life, a transition from obscurity to influence. The timing of events in the Book of Esther is a recurring theme, emphasizing God's sovereignty and perfect timing. Esther's preparation and her moment before the king are orchestrated by divine providence, underscoring the belief that God is in control of history.

she did not ask for anything except what Hegai, the king’s eunuch in charge of the harem, had recommended
Esther's humility and wisdom are evident in her decision to rely on Hegai's guidance. Hegai, as the king's eunuch, had insight into what would please the king, and Esther's trust in his advice demonstrates her discernment and strategic thinking. This choice reflects a deeper spiritual truth about reliance on God's wisdom rather than human understanding.

And Esther found favor in the eyes of everyone who saw her
The favor Esther receives is a recurring theme in her story, symbolizing God's grace and blessing upon her life. This favor is not merely human admiration but a divine endorsement of her mission. Esther's beauty and character win the hearts of those around her, preparing the way for her to fulfill her God-given purpose in saving her people.

She was taken
This phrase indicates a passive action, suggesting that Esther did not go to the king of her own volition but was brought to him as part of a larger plan. The Hebrew root for "taken" is "לָקַח" (laqach), which can mean to take, seize, or capture. This reflects the lack of agency women often had in ancient times, especially in royal contexts. Esther's journey to the palace was not just a personal account but part of God's providential plan for His people.

to King Xerxes
Xerxes, known in Hebrew as Ahasuerus, was the ruler of the Persian Empire, a vast and powerful kingdom. Historically, Xerxes is known for his ambitious military campaigns and grandiose building projects. His reign is well-documented in both biblical and secular history, providing a backdrop of opulence and authority against which Esther's account unfolds. The mention of Xerxes highlights the significant power dynamics at play and sets the stage for Esther's courageous actions later in the narrative.

in the royal palace
The royal palace was not just a residence but a symbol of power, wealth, and authority. Archaeological findings at Susa, the location of Xerxes' palace, reveal the grandeur and splendor of the Persian court. This setting emphasizes the dramatic shift in Esther's life from a Jewish orphan to a queen in the most powerful empire of the time, underscoring the theme of divine providence and favor.

in the tenth month, the month of Tebeth
The month of Tebeth corresponds to December-January in the Gregorian calendar. The specificity of the timing indicates the historical accuracy and attention to detail in the narrative. It also situates Esther's account within the Jewish calendar, reminding readers of the cultural and religious context of the events. This timing is significant as it marks a new beginning for Esther and foreshadows the unfolding of God's plan for deliverance.

in the seventh year of his reign
The seventh year of Xerxes' reign places the events around 479-478 BC. This chronological marker provides historical context and aligns with other known events of the Persian Empire. The number seven often symbolizes completeness or perfection in biblical literature, suggesting that the timing of Esther's rise to queenship was divinely orchestrated. This detail reassures believers of God's perfect timing and sovereignty in the affairs of nations and individuals.

And the king loved Esther
The phrase "the king loved Esther" signifies a deep affection and preference that King Xerxes (Ahasuerus) had for Esther. The Hebrew word for "loved" here is "אָהַב" (ahav), which conveys a sense of strong emotional attachment and favor. This love is not merely romantic but also indicative of divine providence, as God orchestrates events to place Esther in a position of influence. Historically, this love is significant because it sets the stage for Esther's role in the deliverance of the Jewish people.

more than all the other women
This phrase emphasizes Esther's unique position among the women in the king's harem. The Hebrew word for "more than" is "מִכָּל" (mikkol), indicating a comparison that elevates Esther above all others. This distinction is crucial, as it highlights God's favor upon Esther, setting her apart for a divine purpose. In the historical context of the Persian Empire, where many women vied for the king's attention, Esther's elevation is remarkable and underscores the theme of God's sovereignty.

and she won his favor and approval
The words "favor and approval" are translated from the Hebrew "חֵן" (chen) and "חֶסֶד" (chesed), respectively. "Chen" refers to grace or charm, while "chesed" often denotes loving-kindness or steadfast love. Esther's ability to win the king's favor and approval suggests a divine endowment of grace that enabled her to stand out. This favor is not just personal but also providential, as it positions Esther to act on behalf of her people.

more than any of the other virgins
This phrase reiterates Esther's exceptional status among the young women brought to the palace. The term "virgins" (בְּתוּלוֹת, betulot) refers to unmarried young women, highlighting the cultural and historical practice of selecting a queen from among the most eligible women. Esther's surpassing of all others is a testament to her unique qualities and God's hand in her life.

So he set the royal crown on her head
The act of setting "the royal crown" on Esther's head is symbolic of her official recognition as queen. The Hebrew word for "crown" is "כֶּתֶר" (keter), which signifies authority and honor. This crowning is not only a personal elevation for Esther but also a pivotal moment in the narrative, as it marks the beginning of her influence in the Persian court. Archaeologically, crowns were significant symbols of power and legitimacy in ancient Near Eastern cultures.

and made her queen in place of Vashti
This final phrase underscores the transition of power and favor from Vashti to Esther. The Hebrew word for "made" is "וַיַּמְלִיכֶהָ" (vayamliekha), which means to enthrone or install as queen. Esther's rise to queenship in place of Vashti, who was deposed for her disobedience, highlights the theme of divine reversal and the fulfillment of God's purposes through unlikely means. Historically, this change in queenship reflects the volatile nature of royal favor and the precarious position of women in ancient courts. Esther's ascent is a powerful reminder of God's ability to elevate the humble and use them for His glory.

Then the king gave a great banquet
The phrase "great banquet" signifies more than just a feast; it represents a significant event in the Persian Empire. In the ancient Near East, banquets were often used to display wealth, power, and to celebrate important events. The Hebrew word for "banquet" (מִשְׁתֶּה, mishteh) implies a gathering for drinking, which was a common practice in Persian culture. This banquet underscores the king's approval and acceptance of Esther as queen, marking a pivotal moment in the narrative.

Esther’s banquet
Naming the banquet after Esther highlights her newfound status and favor in the eyes of the king. It is a public acknowledgment of her position as queen. This is significant because it shows the king's willingness to honor Esther, a Jewish woman, in a predominantly Persian court. The personal nature of the banquet's name indicates the king's affection and the importance of Esther's role in the royal court.

for all his officials and servants
The inclusion of "all his officials and servants" suggests the comprehensive nature of the celebration. It was not limited to the elite but included a wide range of attendees, reflecting the king's desire to publicly affirm Esther's position. This inclusivity also served to solidify Esther's acceptance and legitimacy among the various ranks within the empire, ensuring that her queenship was recognized and respected.

He proclaimed a holiday in the provinces
The proclamation of a holiday throughout the provinces indicates the extent of the celebration. The Hebrew word for "holiday" (הַנָּחָה, hanachah) can also mean "rest" or "relief," suggesting a time of joy and festivity for the entire empire. This act of declaring a holiday demonstrates the king's authority and the importance of Esther's ascension to the throne, as it was significant enough to warrant a break from normal activities across the vast empire.

and gave gifts with royal generosity
The giving of gifts "with royal generosity" reflects the king's wealth and his willingness to share it in celebration of Esther. The phrase implies an abundance and liberality in the distribution of gifts, which would have been seen as a sign of the king's favor and benevolence. In the ancient world, such acts of generosity were often used to secure loyalty and goodwill among subjects, further establishing Esther's position and the king's approval of her.

When the virgins were assembled a second time
This phrase indicates a continuation of the process that began in Esther 2:8, where young women were gathered for King Xerxes' selection of a new queen. The "second time" suggests that this was a recurring event, possibly to replenish the harem or to find additional candidates for the king's favor. Historically, Persian kings were known for their large harems, and this practice aligns with the customs of the time. The gathering of virgins underscores the king's authority and the societal norms that placed women in positions of subservience, highlighting the cultural backdrop against which Esther's account unfolds.

Mordecai
Mordecai is a central figure in the Book of Esther, a Jew living in Susa, the Persian capital. His presence in the narrative is significant, as he is both Esther's cousin and her adoptive father. The name "Mordecai" is believed to be of Babylonian origin, possibly linked to the god Marduk, reflecting the Jewish diaspora's integration into Persian society. Mordecai's role is pivotal, as he not only guides Esther but also plays a crucial part in the deliverance of the Jewish people. His character exemplifies faithfulness, wisdom, and courage, serving as an inspirational model for believers.

was sitting at the king’s gate
The "king’s gate" was more than just an entrance; it was a place of official business and legal transactions in ancient Persia. Sitting at the gate implies that Mordecai held a position of some authority or responsibility, possibly as an official or a judge. This location is significant in the narrative, as it is where Mordecai overhears the plot against the king, leading to a series of events that ultimately result in the salvation of the Jewish people. The gate symbolizes a place of vigilance and duty, where Mordecai's faithfulness and integrity are on display. His presence there is a reminder of God's providence and the importance of being in the right place at the right time to fulfill one's divine purpose.

Esther still had not revealed her lineage or her people
This phrase highlights Esther's continued discretion and obedience. The Hebrew word for "revealed" is "נָגַד" (nagad), which means to make known or declare. Esther's silence about her Jewish identity is significant in the context of the Persian Empire, where Jews were a minority and often faced prejudice. Her restraint reflects wisdom and strategic patience, qualities that are crucial for her future role in God's plan for the deliverance of her people. Historically, this secrecy underscores the precarious position of Jews in exile, emphasizing the need for discernment and divine timing.

just as Mordecai had instructed
The phrase underscores the influence and authority Mordecai held in Esther's life. The Hebrew root for "instructed" is "צָוָה" (tsavah), meaning to command or charge. Mordecai's guidance is pivotal, reflecting a deep trust and respect between him and Esther. This relationship is a model of godly mentorship and familial responsibility, where Mordecai acts not only as a guardian but as a spiritual guide. His instructions are not arbitrary but are rooted in a protective wisdom that anticipates future challenges.

She obeyed Mordecai's command
The word "obeyed" comes from the Hebrew "שָׁמַע" (shama), which means to hear, listen, or give heed. Esther's obedience is not passive but an active, willing submission to Mordecai's wisdom. This obedience is a testament to her character and her understanding of the importance of following godly counsel. In a broader scriptural context, obedience is a recurring theme, often linked to blessings and divine favor. Esther's compliance is a reflection of her humility and her recognition of Mordecai's God-given authority in her life.

as she had done under his care
This phrase indicates a continuity of behavior and character. The Hebrew for "care" is "אָמַן" (aman), which can mean to support or nurture. It suggests a nurturing relationship where Mordecai's care was not just physical but also spiritual and emotional. Esther's consistent obedience under Mordecai's care highlights the importance of godly upbringing and the impact of a stable, faith-filled environment. It also points to the formative influence of Mordecai's guidance, which prepared Esther for her future role as queen and deliverer of her people.

In those days
This phrase sets the historical context for the events that are about to unfold. "In those days" refers to the time when Esther had become queen and Mordecai was sitting at the king's gate. This was during the reign of King Xerxes (Ahasuerus) of Persia, a period marked by political intrigue and the consolidation of power. The phrase reminds us that God's providence is at work in specific historical contexts, orchestrating events according to His divine plan.

while Mordecai was sitting at the king’s gate
The "king's gate" was not merely a physical location but a place of significant administrative and judicial activity. Mordecai's presence there indicates his role in the Persian court, possibly as an official or a judge. This position allowed him to be privy to important information and events, demonstrating how God places His people in strategic positions to fulfill His purposes. Mordecai's vigilance and loyalty to the king also reflect his integrity and faithfulness, qualities that God honors and uses for His glory.

Bigthan and Teresh, two of the king’s eunuchs
The mention of "Bigthan and Teresh" provides specific details about the individuals involved in the plot against the king. Eunuchs often held positions of trust and influence in ancient royal courts, yet these two conspired against the king. Their names being recorded in Scripture highlights the personal nature of the threat and the reality of human sinfulness and betrayal. It serves as a reminder that God is aware of all human actions and intentions, and He can use even the schemes of the wicked to accomplish His purposes.

who guarded the entrance
This phrase indicates the responsibility and authority entrusted to Bigthan and Teresh. As guardians of the entrance, they had access to the king and were responsible for his safety. Their betrayal underscores the theme of misplaced trust and the potential for corruption within positions of power. It also illustrates the vulnerability of earthly rulers and the need for divine protection and wisdom.

became angry
The anger of Bigthan and Teresh suggests a personal grievance or dissatisfaction that led to their conspiracy. This emotion, unchecked, resulted in a plot to harm the king. The Bible often warns against the dangers of anger and bitterness, which can lead to destructive actions. This serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of guarding one's heart and seeking reconciliation and peace.

and conspired to assassinate King Xerxes
The conspiracy to "assassinate King Xerxes" reveals the gravity of the threat and the potential for upheaval in the Persian Empire. Assassination plots were not uncommon in ancient courts, where power struggles were frequent. This plot, however, was thwarted by God's providence through Mordecai's intervention. It highlights the sovereignty of God over the affairs of nations and His ability to protect His chosen instruments for His purposes. The thwarting of this plot also sets the stage for the elevation of Mordecai and the deliverance of the Jewish people, demonstrating God's faithfulness to His covenant promises.

But Mordecai
This phrase introduces Mordecai, a central figure in the Book of Esther. Mordecai is a Jew living in exile in Persia, and his presence in the narrative is pivotal. The name "Mordecai" is of Babylonian origin, possibly derived from the god Marduk, which reflects the cultural assimilation of Jews in exile. His role as a guardian to Esther and his position at the king's gate indicate his influence and proximity to power, setting the stage for his significant impact on the unfolding events.

learned of the plot
The phrase indicates Mordecai's awareness of a conspiracy. The Hebrew root for "learned" suggests a deep understanding or insight, implying that Mordecai was not only informed but also discerning. This insight is crucial, as it demonstrates God's providence in placing Mordecai in a position to protect the king, which ultimately serves a greater purpose for the Jewish people.

and he reported it
Mordecai's decision to report the plot shows his integrity and loyalty to the king, despite being a foreigner in exile. The act of reporting is significant, as it reflects a commitment to justice and righteousness. This action aligns with the biblical principle of standing for truth and protecting life, even when it involves personal risk.

to Queen Esther
Esther, Mordecai's cousin and adopted daughter, is now queen, a position of influence and authority. Her ascent to queenship is a testament to God's sovereignty and the fulfillment of His plans through unlikely means. Esther's role as a mediator between Mordecai and the king highlights her strategic importance and the trust Mordecai places in her.

who informed the king
Esther's communication with the king underscores her pivotal role in the narrative. Her ability to inform the king reflects her wisdom and the favor she has gained in the royal court. This action is a turning point, as it not only saves the king's life but also sets in motion a series of events that will lead to the deliverance of the Jewish people.

in Mordecai’s name
The mention of Mordecai's name is crucial, as it ensures that he receives credit for his loyalty and bravery. This detail is significant in the unfolding story, as it later becomes a key factor in Mordecai's rise to honor and the downfall of Haman, the antagonist. It highlights the biblical theme of justice and the eventual recognition of righteousness.

And when the report was investigated
This phrase highlights the diligence and thoroughness of the Persian court in matters of security and justice. The Hebrew root for "investigated" is "בָּקַר" (baqar), which means to search or examine. This reflects a culture that valued truth and justice, ensuring that accusations were substantiated before action was taken. In a spiritual sense, it reminds believers of the importance of discernment and seeking truth in all matters.

and found to be true
The phrase underscores the outcome of the investigation, emphasizing the integrity of the process. The Hebrew word for "true" is "אֱמֶת" (emet), which conveys not only factual accuracy but also faithfulness and reliability. This serves as a reminder of God's nature as the ultimate source of truth and the call for His followers to live in truth.

the two officials were hanged on the gallows
This phrase describes the execution of justice. The term "gallows" is translated from the Hebrew "עֵץ" (etz), which can mean tree or wood, indicating a wooden structure used for execution. Historically, this reflects the Persian practice of impalement or hanging as a form of capital punishment. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin and betrayal, and the ultimate justice of God.

This was recorded in the Book of the Chronicles
The recording of events in the "Book of the Chronicles" signifies the importance of documentation and remembrance in the Persian Empire. The Hebrew word "סֵפֶר" (sefer) means book or scroll, indicating an official record. This practice ensured that significant events were preserved for posterity, highlighting the value of remembering God's providence and justice throughout history.

in the presence of the king
This phrase indicates that the recording was done with the king's knowledge and authority, underscoring the transparency and accountability in the administration. The presence of the king signifies the ultimate authority and oversight, reminding believers of God's sovereign rule over all earthly powers and His omnipresence in the affairs of humanity.