Job 31:17
New International Version
if I have kept my bread to myself, not sharing it with the fatherless—

New Living Translation
Have I been stingy with my food and refused to share it with orphans?

English Standard Version
or have eaten my morsel alone, and the fatherless has not eaten of it

Berean Standard Bible
if I have eaten my morsel alone, not sharing it with the fatherless—

King James Bible
Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten thereof;

New King James Version
Or eaten my morsel by myself, So that the fatherless could not eat of it

New American Standard Bible
Or have eaten my morsel alone, And the orphan has not shared it

NASB 1995
Or have eaten my morsel alone, And the orphan has not shared it

NASB 1977
Or have eaten my morsel alone, And the orphan has not shared it

Legacy Standard Bible
Or have eaten my morsel alone, And the orphan has not eaten from it

Amplified Bible
Or have eaten my morsel [of food] alone, And did not share it with the orphan

Christian Standard Bible
if I have eaten my few crumbs alone without letting the fatherless eat any of it —

Holman Christian Standard Bible
if I have eaten my few crumbs alone without letting the fatherless eat any of it—

American Standard Version
Or have eaten my morsel alone, And the fatherless hath not eaten thereof

Contemporary English Version
and I have always shared my food with orphans.

English Revised Version
Or have eaten my morsel alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten thereof;

GOD'S WORD® Translation
or have eaten my food alone without letting the orphan eat any of it....

Good News Translation
or let orphans go hungry while I ate.

International Standard Version
if I ate my meals by myself without feeding orphans,

Majority Standard Bible
if I have eaten my morsel alone, not sharing it with the fatherless?

NET Bible
If I ate my morsel of bread myself, and did not share any of it with orphans--

New Heart English Bible
or have eaten my morsel alone, and the fatherless has not eaten of it

Webster's Bible Translation
Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten of it;

World English Bible
or have eaten my morsel alone, and the fatherless has not eaten of it
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And I eat my morsel by myself, "" And the orphan has nothing [to] eat of it,

Young's Literal Translation
And I do eat my morsel by myself, And the orphan hath not eat of it,

Smith's Literal Translation
And eating my morsel alone, and the orphan ate not from it;
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
If I have eaten my morsel alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten thereof:

Catholic Public Domain Version
if I have eaten my morsel of food alone, while orphans have not eaten from it;

New American Bible
While I ate my portion alone, with no share in it for the fatherless,

New Revised Standard Version
or have eaten my morsel alone, and the orphan has not eaten from it—
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Or have eaten my bread alone, and the orphans did not eat of it

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
If I ate my bread alone and the orphan did not eat of it
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, And the fatherless hath not eaten thereof--

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And if too I ate my morsel alone, and did not impart of it to the orphan;

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Job's Final Appeal
16If I have denied the desires of the poor or allowed the widow’s eyes to fail, 17if I have eaten my morsel alone, not sharing it with the fatherless— 18though from my youth I reared him as would a father, and from my mother’s womb I guided the widow—…

Cross References
Isaiah 58:7
Isn’t it to share your bread with the hungry, to bring the poor and homeless into your home, to clothe the naked when you see him, and not to turn away from your own flesh and blood?

Proverbs 22:9
A generous man will be blessed, for he shares his bread with the poor.

Deuteronomy 15:11
For there will never cease to be poor in the land; that is why I am commanding you to open wide your hand to your brother and to the poor and needy in your land.

Matthew 25:35-40
For I was hungry and you gave Me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave Me something to drink, I was a stranger and you took Me in, / I was naked and you clothed Me, I was sick and you looked after Me, I was in prison and you visited Me.’ / Then the righteous will answer Him, ‘Lord, when did we see You hungry and feed You, or thirsty and give You something to drink? ...

James 2:15-16
Suppose a brother or sister is without clothes and daily food. / If one of you tells him, “Go in peace; stay warm and well fed,” but does not provide for his physical needs, what good is that?

Luke 3:11
John replied, “Whoever has two tunics should share with him who has none, and whoever has food should do the same.”

1 John 3:17-18
If anyone with earthly possessions sees his brother in need, but withholds his compassion from him, how can the love of God abide in him? / Little children, let us love not in word and speech, but in action and truth.

Proverbs 19:17
Kindness to the poor is a loan to the LORD, and He will repay the lender.

Galatians 2:10
They only asked us to remember the poor, the very thing I was eager to do.

Acts 20:35
In everything, I showed you that by this kind of hard work we must help the weak, remembering the words of the Lord Jesus Himself: ‘It is more blessed to give than to receive.’”

Ezekiel 18:7
He does not oppress another, but restores the pledge to the debtor. He does not commit robbery, but gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with clothing.

Isaiah 58:10
and if you give yourself to the hungry and satisfy the afflicted soul, then your light will go forth in the darkness, and your night will be like noonday.

Matthew 14:16-21
“They do not need to go away,” Jesus replied. “You give them something to eat.” / “We have here only five loaves of bread and two fish,” they answered. / “Bring them here to Me,” Jesus said. ...

Romans 12:13
Share with the saints who are in need. Practice hospitality.

Hebrews 13:16
And do not neglect to do good and to share with others, for with such sacrifices God is pleased.


Treasury of Scripture

Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless has not eaten thereof;

have

Deuteronomy 15:11,14
For the poor shall never cease out of the land: therefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt open thine hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy, in thy land…

Nehemiah 8:10
Then he said unto them, Go your way, eat the fat, and drink the sweet, and send portions unto them for whom nothing is prepared: for this day is holy unto our Lord: neither be ye sorry; for the joy of the LORD is your strength.

Luke 11:41
But rather give alms of such things as ye have; and, behold, all things are clean unto you.

the fatherless

Job 29:13-16
The blessing of him that was ready to perish came upon me: and I caused the widow's heart to sing for joy…

Ezekiel 18:7,16
And hath not oppressed any, but hath restored to the debtor his pledge, hath spoiled none by violence, hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment; …

Romans 12:13
Distributing to the necessity of saints; given to hospitality.

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Job 31
1. Job makes a solemn protestation of his integrity in several duties














if I have eaten
The phrase "if I have eaten" suggests a personal reflection and introspection by Job. In the Hebrew text, the verb "eaten" (אָכַל, 'akal) implies not just the act of consuming food but also the broader concept of partaking in sustenance and blessings. Job is examining his actions to ensure that he has not selfishly consumed his resources. This introspection is a hallmark of Job's righteousness, as he is concerned with the moral implications of his actions.

my morsel alone
The term "morsel" (פַּת, path) refers to a small portion of food, indicating modesty and simplicity. The emphasis on "alone" highlights the potential sin of selfishness and neglect of community responsibility. In ancient Near Eastern culture, sharing food was a significant social and religious duty. Job's concern here reflects the biblical principle of hospitality and generosity, which is a recurring theme throughout Scripture, emphasizing the importance of community and care for others.

without letting
This phrase underscores the intentionality behind Job's actions. The Hebrew root (חָסֵר, chaser) can imply a lack or deprivation. Job is asserting that he has not deprived others, particularly the vulnerable, of what they need. This reflects a proactive approach to righteousness, where one actively seeks to include and provide for others, aligning with the biblical call to love one's neighbor.

the fatherless
The "fatherless" (יָתוֹם, yathom) represents one of the most vulnerable groups in ancient society. Orphans were often without protection or provision, making them a primary concern in biblical justice. Job's mention of the fatherless indicates his awareness and compassion for those who are marginalized. This aligns with the broader biblical mandate to care for orphans and widows, as seen in passages like James 1:27, which defines pure religion as caring for the vulnerable.

eat of it
The act of allowing the fatherless to "eat of it" signifies sharing and community. In the Hebrew context, eating together was a sign of fellowship and acceptance. By ensuring that the fatherless could partake in his meal, Job demonstrates a heart aligned with God's justice and mercy. This act of sharing is not just about meeting physical needs but also about restoring dignity and community to those who are often excluded.

Verse 17. - Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten thereof. With the widow, the fatherless is usually conjoined, as an equal object of compassion (see Exodus 22:22; Deuteronomy 10:18; Psalm 68:5; Isaiah 1:17; Jeremiah 22:3; Ezekiel 22:7; Zechariah 7:10, etc.). Eliphaz had specially charged Job with oppression of the fatherless (Job 22:9), and his charge had been denied by Job (Job 29:12). He now claims to have always shared his bread with orphans, and made them partakers or his abundance.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
if I have eaten
וְאֹכַ֣ל (wə·’ō·ḵal)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - first person common singular
Strong's 398: To eat

my morsel
פִּתִּ֣י (pit·tî)
Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular
Strong's 6595: Fragment, bit, morsel

alone,
לְבַדִּ֑י (lə·ḇad·dî)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular
Strong's 905: Separation, a part of the body, branch of a, tree, bar for, carrying, chief of

not
וְלֹא־ (wə·lō-)
Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

sharing
אָכַ֖ל (’ā·ḵal)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 398: To eat

it
מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ (mim·men·nāh)
Preposition | third person feminine singular
Strong's 4480: A part of, from, out of

with the fatherless—
יָת֣וֹם (yā·ṯō·wm)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3490: A bereaved person


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OT Poetry: Job 31:17 Or have eaten my morsel alone (Jb)
Job 31:16
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