Then I saw
The phrase "Then I saw" indicates a continuation of the visionary experience of John, the author of Revelation. The Greek word for "saw" is "εἶδον" (eidon), which implies not just physical sight but also spiritual insight or revelation. This suggests that what follows is not merely a physical event but a spiritual reality being unveiled. In the context of Revelation, this phrase marks a transition to a new vision, emphasizing the sequential nature of the apocalyptic narrative.

an angel
The term "angel" comes from the Greek "ἄγγελος" (angelos), meaning "messenger." In the biblical context, angels are often seen as divine messengers or agents of God's will. This particular angel is depicted as having significant authority and power, as indicated by the tasks he is about to perform. The presence of an angel underscores the divine origin and authority of the actions described, reminding readers of the heavenly orchestration behind earthly events.

coming down from heaven
The phrase "coming down from heaven" signifies the divine origin and authority of the angel. Heaven, in biblical terms, is often seen as the dwelling place of God and the source of divine intervention. The descent of the angel from heaven indicates that the events about to unfold are initiated by God and are part of His sovereign plan. This descent also symbolizes the bridging of the heavenly and earthly realms, a common theme in apocalyptic literature.

with the key to the Abyss
The "key" symbolizes authority and control. In the ancient world, keys were a symbol of power, as they granted access and control over locked spaces. The "Abyss" (Greek: "ἄβυσσος," abyssos) is often understood as a deep, bottomless pit or a place of confinement for evil spirits. The angel's possession of the key indicates that he has been granted authority by God to control the Abyss, highlighting the theme of divine sovereignty over evil.

and a great chain in his hand
The "great chain" represents the means by which the angel will bind and restrain Satan, as described in the following verses. Chains in biblical literature often symbolize restriction and imprisonment. The imagery of a "great chain" emphasizes the strength and effectiveness of the restraint, suggesting that the power of evil is limited and subject to God's control. This serves as a powerful reminder of the ultimate victory of good over evil, a central theme in the book of Revelation.

He seized
The phrase "He seized" indicates a powerful and authoritative action. The Greek word used here is "ἐκράτησεν" (ekratēsen), which conveys the idea of taking hold with strength and control. This action is performed by an angel, demonstrating the divine authority and power over evil. In the context of Revelation, this seizing is a pivotal moment in the cosmic battle between good and evil, showcasing God's ultimate sovereignty.

the dragon
The term "the dragon" is symbolic and refers to a formidable and fearsome creature. In the book of Revelation, the dragon represents chaos and opposition to God. The imagery of a dragon is rooted in ancient Near Eastern mythology, where dragons often symbolized evil and disorder. In the biblical narrative, the dragon is a representation of Satan, the adversary of God and His people.

that ancient serpent
The phrase "that ancient serpent" directly connects the dragon to the serpent in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3). The Greek word "ὄφις" (ophis) is used for serpent, emphasizing the continuity of Satan's deceptive and destructive role throughout biblical history. This connection highlights the ongoing battle between God and Satan, from the beginning of creation to the end times.

who is the devil and Satan
This phrase identifies the dragon explicitly as "the devil and Satan." The Greek word for devil is "διάβολος" (diabolos), meaning accuser or slanderer, while "Σατανᾶς" (Satanas) means adversary. These titles reveal the character and mission of Satan as the one who opposes God and accuses His people. The dual naming underscores the comprehensive nature of Satan's opposition and the clarity of his identity in the spiritual realm.

and bound him
The action "and bound him" signifies the restriction and limitation of Satan's power. The Greek word "ἔδησεν" (edēsen) means to bind or tie up, indicating a loss of freedom and ability to act. This binding is a significant event in eschatological terms, as it marks the beginning of a period where Satan's influence is curtailed, allowing for a time of peace and righteousness.

for a thousand years
The phrase "for a thousand years" introduces the concept of the Millennium, a period of time in which Christ reigns on earth. The number "thousand" in Greek is "χίλια" (chilia), often interpreted literally or symbolically. In conservative Christian theology, this millennium is seen as a literal future event where Christ's kingdom is established on earth, fulfilling God's promises and demonstrating His ultimate victory over evil. This period is characterized by peace, justice, and the restoration of creation under Christ's rule.

He threw him into the Abyss
The phrase "He threw him" refers to the angel who seizes Satan, demonstrating the authority and power of God over evil. The Greek word for "threw" is "ebalen," indicating a forceful action, emphasizing the decisive nature of God's judgment. The "Abyss" (Greek: "abussos") is a place of confinement for demonic forces, often associated with chaos and the deep. In biblical context, it represents a temporary holding place for Satan, highlighting God's control over the forces of darkness.

shut it and sealed it over him
The act of shutting and sealing the Abyss signifies the complete and secure confinement of Satan. The Greek word for "sealed" is "esphragisen," which conveys the idea of a mark of authority and finality. This imagery is reminiscent of the sealing of the tomb of Jesus, but in contrast, it underscores the impotence of Satan against God's sovereign will. The sealing ensures that Satan's influence is entirely curtailed during this period.

so that he would not deceive the nations any longer
This phrase underscores the primary activity of Satan: deception. The Greek word for "deceive" is "planaō," meaning to lead astray or cause to wander. Historically, Satan's deception has been a recurring theme throughout Scripture, beginning with the Garden of Eden. The cessation of his deception marks a significant shift in the spiritual landscape, allowing for a time of peace and truth.

until the thousand years were complete
The "thousand years" is often referred to as the Millennium, a period of Christ's reign on earth. The number "thousand" (Greek: "chilioi") can be interpreted literally or symbolically, representing a long, divinely appointed period. This era is characterized by righteousness and peace, as prophesied in various Old Testament passages, such as Isaiah 11. The completion of this period signifies the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan.

After that, he must be released for a brief period of time
The necessity of Satan's release, as indicated by "must" (Greek: "dei"), suggests a divine purpose in God's plan. This brief period (Greek: "mikron chronon") serves as a final test for humanity, revealing the true nature of those who have lived under Christ's reign. It underscores the persistent reality of free will and the ultimate triumph of God's justice and righteousness.

Then I saw thrones
The imagery of "thrones" in Revelation is significant, symbolizing authority and judgment. In the Greek, "thronos" refers to a seat of power, often associated with divine or kingly rule. Historically, thrones have been a symbol of sovereignty and governance. In the context of Revelation, these thrones represent the divine authority granted to the saints, emphasizing the fulfillment of God's promise that believers will share in Christ's reign (2 Timothy 2:12).

and those seated on them had been given authority to judge
The phrase "authority to judge" underscores the role of believers in the eschatological judgment. The Greek word "krisis" implies a judicial decision or verdict. This authority is not self-derived but granted by God, reflecting the biblical theme that judgment is ultimately a divine prerogative. The saints' participation in judgment highlights their vindication and the triumph of righteousness over evil, as promised in 1 Corinthians 6:2-3.

And I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded for their testimony of Jesus and for the word of God
The "souls" here refer to the martyrs who have suffered for their faith. The Greek term "psuchē" can denote life or the essence of a person. The specific mention of "beheaded" indicates the severe persecution faced by early Christians. Historically, beheading was a common form of execution in the Roman Empire. These martyrs are honored for their unwavering "testimony of Jesus" and adherence to "the word of God," reflecting the high value placed on faithfulness and witness in the Christian life (Matthew 5:10-12).

and those who had not worshiped the beast or its image
This phrase highlights the steadfastness of believers who resisted idolatry and allegiance to the "beast," a symbol of oppressive, anti-Christian powers. The refusal to worship the beast signifies a commitment to God above all else, echoing the first commandment (Exodus 20:3). Historically, this resistance would have been a direct challenge to the Roman imperial cult, which demanded emperor worship.

and had not received its mark on their foreheads or hands
The "mark" symbolizes allegiance and identity. In the ancient world, marks or seals were used to denote ownership or loyalty. The refusal to accept this mark signifies a rejection of the beast's authority and a commitment to God's sovereignty. This imagery contrasts with the "seal of God" on the foreheads of believers (Revelation 7:3), emphasizing the distinction between those who belong to God and those aligned with evil.

And they came to life and reigned with Christ for a thousand years
The phrase "came to life" signifies resurrection and the fulfillment of God's promise of eternal life. The Greek word "ezēsan" implies a return to life, underscoring the hope of resurrection. The "thousand years" is often interpreted as the millennial reign of Christ, a period of peace and righteousness. This reign with Christ reflects the ultimate victory of good over evil and the establishment of God's kingdom, as foretold in Daniel 7:27. The believers' participation in this reign is a testament to their faithfulness and God's faithfulness to His promises.

The rest of the dead
This phrase refers to those who did not partake in the "first resurrection." In the context of Revelation, these are individuals who have not been resurrected to reign with Christ during the millennial kingdom. Theologically, this suggests a distinction between the righteous and the unrighteous dead. The Greek word for "dead" here is "nekros," which implies those who are physically deceased but also spiritually separated from God. This separation underscores the importance of spiritual readiness and faithfulness in the Christian life.

did not come back to life
The phrase indicates a delay in resurrection for these individuals. The Greek word "anazō" is used here, meaning to live again or be revived. This suggests that there is a future hope of resurrection, but it is not immediate for "the rest of the dead." This delay serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of spiritual choices made in this life and the hope of eventual resurrection for all.

until the thousand years were complete
The "thousand years" refers to the millennial reign of Christ, a period of peace and righteousness on earth. The term "chilioi" in Greek signifies a literal or symbolic thousand-year period. This millennium is a time when Christ's authority is fully realized on earth, and it serves as a fulfillment of God's promises to His people. The completion of this period marks a transition in God's redemptive plan, emphasizing the temporality of earthly life and the eternal nature of God's kingdom.

This is the first resurrection
The "first resurrection" is a term that signifies the resurrection of the righteous who will reign with Christ during the millennium. The Greek word "prōtos" means first in time or rank, indicating the preeminence and blessedness of this resurrection. It is a reward for those who have remained faithful to Christ, highlighting the hope and assurance of eternal life for believers. This resurrection is a pivotal event in eschatological teachings, offering encouragement and motivation for Christians to persevere in their faith.

Blessed and holy
The Greek word for "blessed" is "makarios," which conveys a sense of divine favor and happiness. In the context of Revelation, it signifies a state of spiritual prosperity and joy that comes from being in right standing with God. "Holy" is derived from the Greek "hagios," meaning set apart or consecrated. This dual description emphasizes the unique and privileged status of those who partake in the first resurrection, highlighting their sanctification and the divine favor bestowed upon them.

is the one who shares in the first resurrection
The phrase "shares in the first resurrection" refers to the participation in the initial resurrection of the righteous. The Greek term "anastasis" for "resurrection" implies a rising up or standing again, signifying the victory over death through Christ. This first resurrection is a pivotal event in eschatological teachings, marking the beginning of eternal life for believers. It underscores the hope and assurance of eternal life promised to those who are in Christ.

The second death has no power over them
"Second death" is a term that appears in Revelation to describe eternal separation from God, often associated with the lake of fire. The Greek word "thanatos" for "death" here signifies not just physical death but a spiritual and eternal demise. The assurance that this second death has no power over those in the first resurrection highlights the complete and eternal security believers have in Christ, emphasizing the finality of their salvation and victory over sin and death.

but they will be priests of God and of Christ
The role of "priests" in this context is significant, as it denotes a position of service, worship, and mediation. The Greek word "hiereus" for "priest" indicates a sacred duty and privilege. In the Old Testament, priests were mediators between God and the people, and here, believers are granted this honor in the millennial reign. This priesthood signifies a direct and intimate relationship with God and Christ, reflecting the fulfillment of God's promise to make His people a kingdom of priests.

and will reign with Him for a thousand years
The concept of reigning "for a thousand years" is central to millennial theology. The Greek word "basileuo" for "reign" implies authority and governance. This millennial reign is a period of peace and righteousness where Christ, alongside His saints, exercises divine rule over the earth. The "thousand years" symbolizes a complete and perfect period in God's redemptive plan, where His kingdom is fully realized on earth as it is in heaven. This reign is a testament to the ultimate victory of Christ and His followers, fulfilling the promises of Scripture regarding the restoration and renewal of creation.

When the thousand years are complete
This phrase refers to the culmination of the millennial reign of Christ, a period described earlier in Revelation 20:4-6. The "thousand years" is often interpreted as a literal or symbolic period of time during which Christ reigns on earth with His saints. The Greek word for "thousand" is "chilioi," which can denote a large, complete number, symbolizing a perfect period of divine order. Historically, this millennium has been a subject of much debate among theologians, with interpretations ranging from premillennialism, postmillennialism, to amillennialism. Each perspective offers a different understanding of how God's kingdom is realized on earth and in heaven.

Satan will be released
The release of Satan signifies a pivotal moment in eschatological events. The Greek word for "released" is "lythēsetai," which means to be set free or loosed. This release is not a sign of Satan's power but rather a part of God's sovereign plan, demonstrating His ultimate authority over all creation, including the forces of evil. Theologically, this release serves to test the nations and reveal the true nature of humanity's allegiance to God, even after a prolonged period of peace and righteousness under Christ's reign.

from his prison
The "prison" refers to the abyss or bottomless pit where Satan was bound during the millennium, as described in Revelation 20:1-3. The Greek word "phylakēs" is used here, meaning a place of confinement or a guarded place. This imagery underscores the temporary nature of Satan's binding and the ultimate control God has over him. Historically, this concept of a divine holding place for evil beings is consistent with Jewish apocalyptic literature, which often depicted a cosmic struggle between good and evil, with God ultimately victorious. The release from this prison sets the stage for the final confrontation between good and evil, leading to Satan's ultimate defeat and the establishment of God's eternal kingdom.

and will go out
This phrase indicates a movement or action initiated by Satan after being released from his prison. The Greek word used here is "ἐξελεύσεται" (exeleusetai), which implies a purposeful departure with intent. Historically, this reflects the recurring theme of evil attempting to disrupt God's plan, reminiscent of Satan's earlier deceptions throughout biblical history.

to deceive
The Greek word "πλανῆσαι" (planēsai) is used here, meaning to lead astray or cause to wander. Deception is a central tactic of Satan, as seen throughout Scripture, beginning with the deception of Eve in Genesis. This highlights the ongoing spiritual battle between truth and falsehood, emphasizing the need for discernment and faithfulness among believers.

the nations
The term "nations" (Greek: "τὰ ἔθνη," ta ethnē) refers to the peoples or ethnic groups of the world. In the biblical context, it often denotes those outside the covenant community of Israel, representing the broader world that is susceptible to Satan's influence. This underscores the universal scope of the final conflict and the pervasive reach of Satan's deception.

in the four corners of the earth
This phrase symbolizes the entirety of the earth, drawing from the ancient understanding of the world as having four cardinal points. It signifies the global nature of the deception and the widespread rebellion against God. The imagery suggests completeness and totality, indicating that no part of the world is immune to this final uprising.

Gog and Magog
These names are drawn from Ezekiel 38-39, where Gog is a leader of a great army from the land of Magog. Historically, these terms have been associated with enemies of God's people. In Revelation, they symbolize the ultimate adversaries of God, representing the forces of evil gathered for the final battle. This connection to Ezekiel emphasizes the prophetic fulfillment and the continuity of God's redemptive plan.

to gather them for battle
The Greek word "συναγαγεῖν" (synagagein) means to assemble or bring together. This gathering for battle is a recurring motif in apocalyptic literature, symbolizing the climactic confrontation between good and evil. It reflects the culmination of spiritual warfare, where God's sovereignty will ultimately triumph over all opposition.

Their number is like the sand of the seashore
This simile, rooted in the Hebrew Scriptures, often denotes an innumerable multitude (e.g., Genesis 22:17). It emphasizes the vastness of the forces arrayed against God, yet also serves to highlight the futility of their rebellion. Despite their overwhelming numbers, they are ultimately powerless against the omnipotent God, reinforcing the assurance of divine victory and the hope for believers.

And they marched
The phrase "and they marched" indicates a deliberate and organized movement. The Greek word used here is "ἀνέβησαν" (anebēsan), which conveys the idea of ascending or going up. This suggests a determined advance, possibly reflecting the final rebellion against God. Historically, this can be seen as the culmination of human defiance, echoing the organized opposition seen throughout biblical history, such as the Tower of Babel or the armies against Israel.

across the broad expanse of the earth
The "broad expanse of the earth" signifies the vastness of the rebellion. The Greek term "πλάτος" (platos) refers to width or breadth, emphasizing the widespread nature of this uprising. This imagery recalls the global scope of humanity's rebellion against God, reminiscent of the days of Noah when wickedness was pervasive. It serves as a reminder of the persistent nature of sin and the ultimate need for divine intervention.

and surrounded the camp of the saints
"Surrounded the camp of the saints" highlights the strategic and hostile intent of the forces of evil. The word "παρεμβολήν" (parembolēn) refers to a military encampment, suggesting a siege-like scenario. Historically, the "saints" have often been under threat, from the Israelites in the Old Testament to the early Christians facing persecution. This phrase reassures believers that, despite appearances, God is aware and in control of the situation.

and the beloved city
The "beloved city" is traditionally understood as Jerusalem, a city with profound biblical significance. The Greek word "ἠγαπημένην" (ēgapēmenēn) denotes deep affection, reflecting God's enduring love for His chosen people and the city that symbolizes His covenant. Jerusalem has been central to God's redemptive plan, from the reign of King David to the ministry of Jesus, and it remains a focal point in eschatological prophecies.

But fire came down from heaven
"But fire came down from heaven" signifies divine judgment and intervention. The imagery of fire is often associated with God's holiness and purifying judgment, as seen in the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah or Elijah's confrontation with the prophets of Baal. The Greek "πῦρ" (pyr) underscores the sudden and overwhelming nature of God's response, affirming His sovereignty and the futility of opposing His will.

and consumed them
The phrase "and consumed them" indicates total and decisive destruction. The Greek word "κατέφαγεν" (katephagen) means to devour or consume completely, leaving no trace. This final act of judgment underscores the ultimate victory of God over evil, fulfilling the promises of Scripture that righteousness will prevail. It serves as a powerful reminder of the hope and assurance believers have in God's ultimate plan for redemption and justice.

And the devil
The term "devil" comes from the Greek word "diabolos," meaning "slanderer" or "accuser." In the biblical narrative, the devil is the ultimate adversary of God and humanity, embodying evil and opposition to divine purposes. Historically, the devil's role as a deceiver is consistent with his actions throughout Scripture, beginning with the temptation of Eve in Genesis. This verse marks the culmination of his defeat, fulfilling the promise of his ultimate judgment.

who had deceived them
The phrase highlights the devil's primary method of operation: deception. The Greek word "planao" means "to lead astray" or "to cause to wander." This deception is a recurring theme in Revelation, where the devil misleads nations and individuals away from God's truth. The historical context of the early church, facing false teachings and persecution, underscores the importance of discernment and faithfulness to God's Word.

was thrown into the lake of fire and sulfur
The "lake of fire" is a symbol of final judgment and eternal separation from God. The imagery of fire and sulfur, reminiscent of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, conveys the severity and permanence of this punishment. In the Greek, "limne tou pyros" emphasizes a place of intense purification and judgment. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of rebellion against God.

where the beast and the false prophet are
The "beast" and the "false prophet" represent the forces of political and religious opposition to God, as described earlier in Revelation. Their presence in the lake of fire signifies the complete overthrow of all powers that stand against God's kingdom. Historically, these figures have been interpreted as symbols of oppressive regimes and false ideologies that challenge the truth of the Gospel.

and they will be tormented
The Greek word "basanizo" means "to torture" or "to vex with grievous pains." This phrase indicates the conscious and ongoing nature of the punishment. From a conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the reality of eternal judgment for those who reject God's authority and persist in rebellion.

day and night
This expression emphasizes the unending nature of the torment. In the biblical context, "day and night" signifies continuity and perpetuity. The phrase reassures believers of the finality of God's victory over evil, as there will be no respite or escape for those who oppose Him.

forever and ever
The Greek phrase "eis tous aionas ton aionon" translates to "unto the ages of the ages," underscoring the eternal duration of the judgment. This serves as a powerful reminder of the eternal nature of both God's kingdom and the consequences of rejecting His grace. It calls believers to a life of holiness and perseverance, knowing that God's justice will ultimately prevail.

Then I saw
The phrase "Then I saw" indicates a continuation of John's visionary experience. The Greek word for "saw" is "εἶδον" (eidon), which implies not just physical sight but a deeper, spiritual perception. This is a reminder that Revelation is a book of visions, where John is given insight into divine mysteries. The sequence of visions underscores the unfolding of God's ultimate plan for humanity and the cosmos.

a great white throne
The "great white throne" is symbolic of God's ultimate authority and purity. The Greek word for "great" is "μέγας" (megas), emphasizing the throne's significance and majesty. "White" (λευκός, leukos) symbolizes purity, holiness, and righteousness. In the ancient world, a throne was a symbol of power and judgment, and this imagery conveys the finality and seriousness of the judgment to come. The throne's whiteness assures us of the just and fair nature of God's judgment.

and the One seated on it
This phrase refers to God Himself, the ultimate Judge. The Greek word "καθήμενος" (kathēmenos) means "seated," indicating a position of authority and sovereignty. In the biblical context, being seated on a throne signifies the completion of work and the exercise of judgment. This imagery assures believers that God is in control and that His judgments are righteous and true.

Earth and heaven fled from His presence
The imagery of "earth and heaven" fleeing suggests the overwhelming power and holiness of God. The Greek word for "fled" is "ἔφυγον" (ephygon), indicating a sudden and complete departure. This reflects the idea that nothing impure or imperfect can stand before God's holiness. The dissolution of the current creation prepares the way for the new heaven and new earth, as described later in Revelation.

and no place was found for them
This phrase emphasizes the total transformation that God's judgment brings. The Greek word "τόπος" (topos) means "place," and its absence signifies the end of the current order. This is a powerful reminder of the transient nature of the physical world and the eternal nature of God's kingdom. It inspires believers to focus on eternal realities rather than temporary, earthly concerns.

And I saw
The phrase "And I saw" is a common introductory formula in the Book of Revelation, used by John to describe his visionary experiences. The Greek word for "saw" is "εἶδον" (eidon), which implies not just physical sight but also spiritual insight. This emphasizes the revelatory nature of John's vision, suggesting that what he is witnessing is divinely revealed truth, not merely a dream or imagination.

the dead, great and small
This phrase underscores the universality of the final judgment. The "dead" refers to all who have died, regardless of their earthly status or achievements. The terms "great and small" highlight that no one is exempt from this judgment, whether they were powerful or insignificant in life. This reflects the biblical teaching that God shows no partiality (Romans 2:11) and that all humanity is accountable to Him.

standing before the throne
The imagery of standing before the throne signifies a position of judgment. In ancient times, standing before a throne was a common depiction of appearing before a king or judge. The "throne" here represents God's sovereign authority and justice. This scene is a powerful reminder of the ultimate accountability every person has before God, the righteous Judge.

and books were opened
The "books" symbolize the records of human deeds. In Jewish and early Christian thought, it was believed that God kept a record of every person's actions. The opening of these books signifies the revealing of all deeds, both good and bad, for divine judgment. This concept is echoed in Daniel 7:10 and Malachi 3:16, where books are also mentioned in the context of divine judgment.

Another book was opened, which is the book of life
The "book of life" is a recurring biblical motif representing those who belong to God and have eternal life (Philippians 4:3, Revelation 3:5). The opening of this book signifies the final confirmation of those who are saved. It serves as a contrast to the other books, emphasizing that salvation is not based on deeds alone but on one's relationship with God through faith in Jesus Christ.

And the dead were judged according to their deeds
This phrase highlights the principle of divine justice, where individuals are judged based on their actions. The Greek word for "deeds" is "ἔργα" (erga), which encompasses all aspects of a person's life and conduct. While salvation is by grace through faith (Ephesians 2:8-9), this judgment reflects the biblical teaching that genuine faith is evidenced by works (James 2:14-26).

as recorded in the books
The phrase "as recorded in the books" reinforces the idea of a meticulous and comprehensive divine record. It assures believers that God's judgment is fair and just, based on an accurate account of each person's life. This serves as both a warning and an encouragement, reminding us of the importance of living a life that honors God and reflects His righteousness.

The sea gave up its dead
The phrase "the sea" in biblical literature often symbolizes chaos, mystery, and the unknown. In ancient times, the sea was seen as a formidable force, representing the depths of the earth and the unknown. The Greek word used here is "θάλασσα" (thalassa), which can refer to a literal body of water or metaphorically to the realm of the dead. This imagery suggests that no place is beyond God's reach, and even those who perished in the sea will be resurrected for judgment. The sea giving up its dead signifies the comprehensive nature of the resurrection, where all who have died, regardless of where or how, will be brought forth.

and Death and Hades gave up their dead
"Death" and "Hades" are personified here, indicating their temporary dominion over humanity. "Death" (Greek: "θάνατος," thanatos) is the state of physical cessation of life, while "Hades" (Greek: "ᾅδης," hades) refers to the abode of the dead, akin to the Hebrew "Sheol." In the context of Revelation, these entities are not ultimate powers but are subject to God's authority. The act of them giving up their dead underscores the temporary nature of their hold over humanity. It reflects the Christian belief in the resurrection, where death is not the end but a transition to eternal life or judgment.

and each one was judged according to his deeds
This phrase emphasizes individual accountability before God. The Greek word for "judged" is "κρίσις" (krisis), which implies a decision or verdict. The concept of being judged "according to his deeds" aligns with the biblical teaching that while salvation is by grace through faith, deeds are evidence of one's faith and relationship with God. This judgment is not about earning salvation but about the demonstration of faith through actions. It serves as a reminder of the moral and ethical responsibilities of believers, encouraging a life that reflects the teachings of Christ.

Then
The word "then" serves as a chronological marker, indicating a sequence of events in the apocalyptic vision. In the Greek, "τότε" (tote) is used, which often signifies a transition to a significant event. This word connects the preceding judgments and the finality of God's plan, emphasizing the culmination of divine justice.

Death and Hades
In the Greek, "θάνατος" (thanatos) and "ᾅδης" (hades) are personified entities representing the state of physical death and the abode of the dead, respectively. Historically, Hades is understood as the realm of the dead, akin to Sheol in Hebrew thought. Theologically, this phrase signifies the ultimate defeat of death itself, as prophesied in 1 Corinthians 15:26, "The last enemy to be destroyed is death."

were thrown
The Greek verb "ἐβλήθησαν" (eblēthēsan) is in the aorist passive tense, indicating a completed action performed by an external force, namely God. This action underscores the sovereignty and authority of God in executing final judgment, emphasizing that death and Hades have no power to resist His will.

into the lake of fire
The "lake of fire" is a vivid image of eternal judgment and separation from God. The Greek "λίμνη τοῦ πυρός" (limnē tou pyros) conveys a place of perpetual punishment. This imagery is consistent with Jewish apocalyptic literature, where fire often symbolizes divine wrath and purification. Theologically, it represents the final abode of all that opposes God, including Satan, his followers, and all forms of evil.

This is the second death
The phrase "second death" is a key eschatological concept, contrasting with the first death, which is physical. The Greek "ὁ δεύτερος θάνατος" (ho deuteros thanatos) refers to eternal separation from God. This concept is rooted in the understanding that while believers may experience physical death, they are spared from the second death through faith in Christ, as promised in Revelation 2:11.

the lake of fire
Reiterating the finality and severity of God's judgment, the repetition of "the lake of fire" serves to emphasize its significance. It is the ultimate destination for all that is unredeemed, highlighting the stark contrast between the fate of the righteous and the wicked. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of rejecting God's grace and the eternal nature of His justice.

And if anyone
This phrase introduces a conditional statement, emphasizing the universality of the judgment. The Greek word for "anyone" (τις, tis) is indefinite, indicating that no one is exempt from this scrutiny. It underscores the impartiality of God's judgment, where every individual, regardless of status or background, is subject to the same divine standard.

was found
The Greek word for "found" (εὑρέθη, heurethē) implies a discovery or revelation of truth. This suggests a thorough examination, where nothing is hidden from God's sight. It reflects the biblical theme that God knows the hearts of all people and that His judgment is based on truth and righteousness.

whose name was not written
The concept of names being "written" (γεγραμμένον, gegrammenon) in a book is a powerful biblical metaphor for divine record-keeping. In ancient times, important records were meticulously inscribed on scrolls or tablets. This imagery conveys the idea of a permanent and unalterable record, highlighting the seriousness of one's eternal destiny.

in the Book of Life
The "Book of Life" is a significant biblical symbol representing those who belong to God and have eternal life. This concept appears throughout Scripture, notably in Exodus 32:32-33 and Philippians 4:3. It signifies God's intimate knowledge of His people and His sovereign choice in salvation. The assurance of having one's name in this book is a source of hope and security for believers.

he was thrown
The act of being "thrown" (ἐβλήθη, eblēthē) into the lake of fire is a forceful and deliberate action, indicating the finality and severity of divine judgment. This verb conveys the idea of being cast away from God's presence, a theme consistent with the biblical portrayal of hell as a place of separation from God.

into the lake of fire
The "lake of fire" is a vivid and terrifying image of eternal punishment. In the biblical context, fire often symbolizes judgment and purification. However, in this passage, it represents the ultimate consequence of rejecting God. The lake of fire is described elsewhere in Revelation as the second death, a place of eternal torment for those who do not have their names in the Book of Life. This imagery serves as a solemn warning of the reality of hell and the importance of faith in Christ for salvation.