At the beginning of the reign
This phrase sets the historical context for the events that follow. The Hebrew word for "beginning" is "רֵאשִׁית" (reshit), which often signifies the start of something significant. In this context, it marks the commencement of a new era under a new king, Jehoiakim. This period was crucial as it was a time of political and spiritual transition for Judah. The beginning of a reign often brought hope for renewal, but it also came with uncertainty and the potential for both positive and negative changes.

of Jehoiakim son of Josiah
Jehoiakim, whose name means "Yahweh raises up," was the son of Josiah, one of Judah's most righteous kings. However, Jehoiakim's reign was marked by a departure from his father's reforms and a return to idolatry and injustice. This contrast highlights the theme of covenant faithfulness versus unfaithfulness, a recurring theme in Jeremiah's prophecies. The mention of Josiah serves as a reminder of the potential for godly leadership and the consequences of turning away from it.

king of Judah
Judah, the southern kingdom, was the remnant of the once-united Israelite monarchy. The term "king of Judah" signifies the political and spiritual leadership over God's chosen people. During Jehoiakim's reign, Judah faced external threats from powerful empires like Babylon, and internal threats from moral and spiritual decay. This phrase underscores the responsibility of the king to lead the nation in accordance with God's laws and the dire consequences of failing to do so.

this word came from the LORD
The phrase "this word came from the LORD" emphasizes the divine origin and authority of the message that follows. The Hebrew term for "word" is "דָּבָר" (dabar), which can mean a spoken word, command, or matter. In the prophetic context, it signifies a direct communication from God to His people through His prophet. This underscores the role of Jeremiah as a mouthpiece for God, delivering messages that were not his own but were divinely inspired and authoritative.

saying
The word "saying" introduces the specific message that God is about to deliver through Jeremiah. It serves as a transition from the introduction to the content of the prophecy. This word indicates that what follows is not merely a historical account but a divine revelation intended to instruct, warn, and guide the people of Judah. It invites the audience to listen attentively to the words of the LORD, recognizing their significance and urgency.

This is what the LORD says
This phrase introduces a divine oracle, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. In Hebrew, "LORD" is "YHWH," the sacred tetragrammaton, representing God's eternal and unchanging nature. This introduction underscores that the message is not Jeremiah's own but a direct communication from God, demanding attention and reverence.

Stand in the courtyard
The "courtyard" refers to the temple courtyard in Jerusalem, a central place of worship and gathering for the Israelites. This location is significant as it was a public space where people came to seek God, making it an ideal setting for delivering a prophetic message. The Hebrew word for "stand" implies a firm, resolute position, indicating Jeremiah's role as a steadfast messenger of God's word.

of the house of the LORD
The "house of the LORD" is the temple, the spiritual heart of Israel. It symbolizes God's presence among His people and serves as a reminder of the covenant relationship between God and Israel. The temple's significance in Jewish life underscores the gravity of the message Jeremiah is about to deliver.

and speak to all the cities of Judah
This phrase highlights the scope of Jeremiah's mission. "All the cities of Judah" indicates that the message is not just for Jerusalem but for the entire nation. It reflects God's concern for all His people and His desire for them to hear and respond to His word. The Hebrew root for "speak" suggests a proclamation, emphasizing the urgency and importance of the message.

who come to worship there
This phrase identifies the audience as those who are actively seeking God through worship. It implies a level of spiritual openness and responsibility among the hearers. The act of coming to worship signifies a desire for communion with God, making them accountable to heed His message.

all the words I command you to speak to them
Here, the emphasis is on complete obedience to God's instructions. Jeremiah is to deliver "all the words," indicating the fullness and integrity of the divine message. The Hebrew root for "command" conveys a sense of divine authority and obligation, underscoring Jeremiah's role as a faithful prophet who must not alter or omit any part of God's message.

Do not omit a word
This command stresses the importance of delivering God's message in its entirety. The Hebrew word for "omit" suggests leaving something out or holding back. This instruction highlights the seriousness of the prophetic task and the necessity for Jeremiah to convey God's message with precision and faithfulness. It serves as a reminder of the prophet's duty to truthfully represent God's will, regardless of personal cost or public reaction.

Perhaps they will listen
The word "perhaps" indicates a possibility, a hope that the people might heed the warning. In Hebrew, this is "אֻלַּי" (ʾullay), suggesting a divine longing for repentance rather than a certainty. It reflects God's merciful nature, always desiring that none should perish but that all should come to repentance (2 Peter 3:9). The act of listening in the biblical sense goes beyond mere hearing; it implies obedience and a change of heart.

and turn
The Hebrew word for "turn" is "שׁוּב" (shuv), which means to return or repent. This is a central theme in the prophetic literature, emphasizing a complete transformation of life and priorities. Repentance is not just feeling sorry but involves a decisive change in direction, turning away from sin and towards God. This call to repentance is a consistent message throughout the Bible, highlighting God's desire for restoration and reconciliation with His people.

each from his evil way of life
The phrase "each from his evil way of life" underscores personal responsibility. The Hebrew term for "evil" is "רָעָה" (ra'ah), which denotes something harmful or wicked. The emphasis on "each" indicates that repentance is an individual act, requiring personal acknowledgment of one's sins. The "way of life" refers to habitual conduct, suggesting that sin is not just an isolated act but a pattern that needs to be broken.

so that I may relent
The word "relent" in Hebrew is "נָחַם" (nacham), which can mean to be sorry, to console oneself, or to change one's mind. This does not imply that God is capricious but rather that He is responsive to human actions. God's relenting is contingent upon human repentance, demonstrating His justice and mercy. It shows that divine judgment is not inevitable but can be averted through genuine repentance.

of the disaster I am planning to bring upon them
The "disaster" refers to the consequences of sin, often depicted as divine judgment. The Hebrew word "רָעָה" (ra'ah) is used again, indicating calamity or distress. God's "planning" (Hebrew "חָשַׁב" - chashav) suggests a deliberate intention, yet it is not immutable. This reflects the biblical principle that while God is sovereign, He is also relational and responsive to human repentance.

because of the evil of their deeds
The "evil of their deeds" highlights the cause of the impending judgment. The Hebrew word for "deeds" is "מַעֲשֶׂה" (ma'aseh), which refers to actions or works. This phrase underscores the biblical teaching that sin has consequences. It serves as a reminder that God is holy and just, and He cannot overlook sin. However, it also points to the hope that through repentance, individuals can escape the consequences of their actions.

And you are to tell them
This phrase underscores the role of the prophet as a divine messenger. In Hebrew, the word for "tell" is "dabar," which means to speak or declare. Jeremiah's task was not merely to convey information but to deliver a divine mandate. This highlights the responsibility of those called to speak God's truth, emphasizing the importance of faithful proclamation in the face of opposition.

that this is what the LORD says
The phrase establishes the authority of the message. "LORD" in Hebrew is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, signifying His eternal, self-existent nature. This reminds us that the message is not Jeremiah's own but comes from the sovereign Creator, lending it ultimate authority and weight. It calls the audience to recognize the divine source and respond with reverence and obedience.

If you do not listen to Me
Listening in Hebrew is "shama," which implies not just hearing but obeying. This phrase is a conditional warning, indicating that the people's response to God's word is crucial. It reflects the biblical theme that true listening involves a heart posture of submission and readiness to act according to God's will. The call to listen is a call to align one's life with divine instruction.

and walk in My law
The word "walk" in Hebrew is "halak," suggesting a way of life or conduct. "Law" is "torah," which means instruction or teaching. This phrase emphasizes living according to God's revealed will. Walking in God's law is a metaphor for a lifestyle of obedience and faithfulness. It challenges believers to integrate God's commandments into every aspect of their lives, reflecting His character and purposes.

which I set before you
The phrase indicates that God's law is clearly presented and accessible. "Set before" in Hebrew is "natan," meaning to give or place. This suggests that God has graciously provided His guidance and expects His people to choose to follow it. It underscores the idea of divine initiative and human responsibility, reminding us that God's instructions are a gift meant to lead us into a life of blessing and fulfillment.

and to listen
The Hebrew word for "listen" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which implies not just hearing but also obeying and heeding. In the biblical context, listening is an active process that involves a response. God calls His people to not only hear His words but to act upon them. This reflects the covenant relationship where obedience is a sign of faithfulness.

to the words
The term "words" here is "דְּבָרִים" (devarim) in Hebrew, which can mean words, matters, or things. In the prophetic context, these are not mere human words but divine messages. The words of the prophets carry the authority and power of God, demanding respect and adherence.

of My servants
The phrase "My servants" refers to the prophets, who are seen as God's chosen messengers. The Hebrew word "עֲבָדַי" (avaday) indicates a position of service and loyalty. Prophets are not acting on their own accord but are fulfilling a divine commission, serving as intermediaries between God and His people.

the prophets
The prophets, or "נְבִיאִים" (nevi'im), were individuals called by God to deliver His messages. They often faced opposition and persecution, yet their role was crucial in guiding, warning, and correcting the people. The prophetic office is a testament to God's persistent effort to communicate with humanity.

I have been sending you
This phrase underscores God's initiative and persistence. The Hebrew verb "שָׁלַח" (shalach) is in the continuous tense, indicating ongoing action. God repeatedly sends prophets, demonstrating His patience and desire for His people to return to Him. It highlights God's relentless pursuit of a relationship with His people.

again and again
The repetition here emphasizes God's enduring patience and mercy. Despite the people's repeated failures, God continues to reach out. This phrase reflects the Hebrew idiom "שָׁכַם וְשָׁלַח" (shakam v'shalach), which conveys the idea of rising early to send, indicating diligence and urgency in God's actions.

but you have not listened
The contrast introduced by "but" marks the people's stubbornness and rebellion. Despite God's persistent efforts, the people have failed to "שָׁמַע" (shama), or listen and obey. This highlights the tragic reality of human disobedience and the consequences of ignoring divine warnings. It serves as a sobering reminder of the importance of heeding God's call.

then I will make
The phrase "then I will make" indicates a divine action and intention. In Hebrew, the verb used here is "עָשָׂה" (asah), which means to do, make, or accomplish. This verb is often used in the context of God's creative and sovereign acts. It underscores the certainty and authority of God's pronouncement. The use of this verb reminds us of God's power to bring about His will, whether in creation or judgment.

this house
"This house" refers to the temple in Jerusalem, which was the center of Jewish worship and the symbol of God's presence among His people. The temple was a place of sacrifice, prayer, and divine encounter. However, it had become a place of false security for the people, who believed that its mere presence guaranteed God's favor, despite their disobedience. This serves as a warning against placing trust in religious symbols rather than in a genuine relationship with God.

like Shiloh
Shiloh was an ancient city in Israel where the tabernacle was located before the temple was built in Jerusalem. It was a significant religious center until it was destroyed, likely by the Philistines, as a result of Israel's unfaithfulness (1 Samuel 4). The mention of Shiloh serves as a historical reminder of the consequences of turning away from God. It is a sobering example of how even sacred places can be abandoned by God if His people persist in sin.

and I will make this city
The phrase "and I will make this city" extends the warning from the temple to the entire city of Jerusalem. The city, like the temple, was seen as a place of divine protection. However, God's judgment is not limited to religious institutions but encompasses the whole community when it turns away from Him. This highlights the comprehensive nature of divine judgment and the importance of communal faithfulness.

an object of cursing
"An object of cursing" indicates a reversal of fortune for Jerusalem. Instead of being a source of blessing, it would become a byword for disaster and divine judgment. In Hebrew, the word for curse is "קְלָלָה" (qelalah), which conveys the idea of being despised or brought low. This serves as a stark warning of the consequences of disobedience and the seriousness with which God views covenant unfaithfulness.

among all the nations of the earth
The phrase "among all the nations of the earth" emphasizes the global impact of Jerusalem's judgment. It would serve as a testimony to the nations of God's righteousness and the consequences of forsaking Him. This reflects the biblical theme that Israel was to be a light to the nations, but in disobedience, it becomes a warning instead. It underscores the universal scope of God's sovereignty and the call for all nations to recognize His authority.

Now
The use of "Now" serves as a transitional word, indicating a shift in the narrative. It connects the preceding events with the current scene, emphasizing the immediacy and relevance of Jeremiah's message. In Hebrew, the word often used is "וַיְהִי" (vayehi), which is frequently employed in biblical narratives to denote a continuation or a significant moment. This sets the stage for the unfolding drama, highlighting the urgency and importance of the prophetic message.

the priests
The priests were the religious leaders responsible for maintaining the temple rituals and guiding the spiritual life of the people. In the Hebrew context, "הַכֹּהֲנִים" (hakohanim) refers to those who were descendants of Aaron, tasked with the sacred duties of the temple. Their presence in this verse underscores the religious authority and the potential conflict between established religious practices and the prophetic message Jeremiah was delivering.

the prophets
In this context, "the prophets" refers to those who claimed to speak on behalf of God, though not all were true prophets. The Hebrew term "הַנְּבִיאִים" (hanvi'im) can denote both true and false prophets. This highlights the tension between Jeremiah, a true prophet of God, and those who opposed his message, often delivering more palatable or politically convenient prophecies.

and all the people
This phrase emphasizes the inclusivity of the audience. "כָּל־הָעָם" (kol-ha'am) in Hebrew indicates that Jeremiah's message was not just for the religious elite but for the entire community. This reflects the democratic nature of prophetic messages in the Old Testament, where God's word was meant for all, regardless of status or position.

heard
The act of hearing, "שָׁמַע" (shama) in Hebrew, is significant in biblical literature. It implies not just the physical act of listening but also understanding and responding to the message. This word suggests that the audience was actively engaged with Jeremiah's words, setting the stage for their reaction, whether of acceptance or rejection.

Jeremiah
Jeremiah, known as the "weeping prophet," was called by God to deliver messages of warning and hope to Judah. His name in Hebrew, "יִרְמְיָהוּ" (Yirmeyahu), means "Yahweh will exalt" or "Yahweh throws." This reflects his role as a divinely appointed messenger, tasked with delivering difficult truths to a resistant audience.

speaking these words
The phrase "speaking these words" indicates the specific message Jeremiah was delivering. In Hebrew, "דְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה" (devarim ha'eleh) refers to the prophetic declarations that often included calls for repentance and warnings of impending judgment. This highlights the prophetic tradition of verbal proclamation as a means of conveying God's will.

in the house of the LORD
The "house of the LORD," or "בֵּית יְהוָה" (beit Yahweh) in Hebrew, refers to the temple in Jerusalem, the central place of worship and sacrifice. This setting underscores the gravity of Jeremiah's message, as it was delivered in the most sacred space for the Jewish people. It also highlights the irony and tragedy of the situation, as the very place meant for worship and divine encounter becomes a site of confrontation and potential rejection of God's word.

and when Jeremiah had finished saying everything
This phrase marks the completion of a divine mandate. Jeremiah, a prophet chosen by God, was tasked with delivering a message of warning and repentance to the people of Judah. The Hebrew root for "finished" (כָּלָה, kalah) implies a sense of completion or fulfillment. Jeremiah's obedience in delivering the full message, despite its unpopularity, reflects his faithfulness to God's command. This serves as a reminder of the importance of perseverance in fulfilling God's will, even when faced with opposition.

the LORD had commanded him
The phrase underscores the divine origin of Jeremiah's message. The Hebrew word for "commanded" (צָוָה, tsavah) indicates a direct order or charge from God. This highlights the authority and seriousness of the message. In a conservative Christian perspective, it emphasizes the belief in the inerrancy and authority of Scripture, as God's commands are seen as absolute and non-negotiable.

to say to all the people
Jeremiah's audience was not limited to a select few but included "all the people," indicating the universal nature of God's message. The Hebrew word for "people" (עַם, am) often refers to the nation of Israel as a collective entity. This reflects the communal responsibility of the nation to heed God's warnings and the inclusive nature of God's call to repentance.

the priests and prophets
This phrase identifies the religious leaders of the time, who were expected to guide the people in spiritual matters. However, their opposition to Jeremiah reveals a corruption and deviation from true worship. The Hebrew word for "priests" (כֹּהֲנִים, kohanim) and "prophets" (נְבִיאִים, nevi'im) suggests roles of spiritual leadership and guidance. Their resistance to Jeremiah's message serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of religious complacency and the need for leaders to remain true to God's word.

and all the people seized him
The act of seizing Jeremiah indicates a violent and hostile reaction to his message. The Hebrew root for "seized" (תָּפַשׂ, taphas) conveys a sense of forceful capture. This reflects the people's unwillingness to accept God's message and their preference for comfort over truth. It serves as a reminder of the cost of discipleship and the potential for persecution when standing for God's truth.

saying, 'You must surely die!'
This phrase reveals the severity of the people's response to Jeremiah's prophecy. The Hebrew construction (מוֹת תָּמוּת, mot tamut) is emphatic, indicating a determined intent to execute. This reaction underscores the rejection of God's message and the prophet who delivered it. From a conservative Christian perspective, it highlights the spiritual blindness and hardness of heart that can result from persistent disobedience to God. It also foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who, like Jeremiah, faced rejection and death for proclaiming God's truth.

How dare you prophesy in the name of the LORD
This phrase captures the indignation and disbelief of the people and leaders of Judah. The Hebrew root for "prophesy" is נָבָא (naba), which means to speak or sing by inspiration, often with a divine message. In the context of ancient Israel, prophecy was a revered and serious calling, often met with resistance when the message was one of judgment or correction. The phrase "in the name of the LORD" signifies the authority and divine backing of the message. The name of the LORD, יהוה (YHWH), is the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal, self-existent nature and His relationship with Israel. The people's reaction reveals their hardened hearts and unwillingness to accept a message that challenges their current state and calls for repentance.

This house will become like Shiloh
Shiloh was an ancient city in Samaria, significant as the religious center of Israel before the temple was built in Jerusalem. It was the location of the Tabernacle and the Ark of the Covenant during the time of the Judges. The reference to Shiloh serves as a historical warning; it was destroyed due to the people's unfaithfulness, as recounted in 1 Samuel 4. The implication is that Jerusalem and its temple could face a similar fate if the people do not turn back to God. This serves as a powerful reminder of the consequences of disobedience and the importance of faithfulness to God's covenant.

and this city will become a desolate ruin?
The word "desolate" comes from the Hebrew שָׁמֵם (shamem), meaning to be appalled, stunned, or devastated. The term "ruin" is from the Hebrew חָרְבָּה (chorbah), indicating a state of destruction or desolation. Together, these words paint a vivid picture of complete devastation, a stark warning of what could happen to Jerusalem if the people continue in their ways. Historically, this prophecy was fulfilled when Jerusalem was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BC. This serves as a sobering reminder of the seriousness of sin and the reality of divine judgment, while also pointing to the hope of restoration for those who repent and return to God.

And all the people crowded around Jeremiah in the house of the LORD
The phrase "all the people" indicates a collective response from the community, highlighting the widespread impact of Jeremiah's message. The verb "crowded around" suggests a sense of urgency and intensity, as the people gather to confront Jeremiah. This scene takes place "in the house of the LORD," the temple, which was the center of religious life in Jerusalem. The temple was meant to be a place of worship and communion with God, yet here it becomes a place of confrontation and conflict. This setting underscores the tension between true worship and the people's resistance to God's message. It serves as a call to examine our own hearts and ensure that our worship aligns with God's truth and righteousness.

When the officials of Judah heard these things
The "officials of Judah" refers to the leaders and authorities within the kingdom, likely including princes and other high-ranking figures. In Hebrew, the term for "officials" is "śārîm," which can denote rulers or leaders. This phrase sets the stage for a significant reaction from those in power, indicating that the message Jeremiah delivered was of such importance that it reached the ears of the highest authorities. Historically, this reflects the political structure of Judah, where the king and his officials held significant sway over religious and civil matters. The phrase underscores the gravity of Jeremiah's prophecy and the widespread impact it had.

they went up from the king’s palace
The movement "from the king’s palace" to the temple signifies a transition from a place of political power to a place of spiritual authority. The Hebrew word for "palace" is "bêt," which can also mean "house," indicating a place of residence or governance. This movement symbolizes a shift in focus from secular to sacred, highlighting the intertwining of political and religious life in ancient Judah. It suggests that the matters at hand were not merely political but deeply spiritual, requiring the attention of both the state and the religious community.

to the house of the LORD
The "house of the LORD" refers to the temple in Jerusalem, the central place of worship for the Israelites. In Hebrew, "house" is "bêt," and "LORD" is "YHWH," the sacred name of God. This phrase emphasizes the temple's role as the heart of religious life and the ultimate place of divine authority. The officials' movement to the temple indicates their recognition of the need to seek divine guidance and judgment in response to Jeremiah's message. It reflects the belief that true justice and wisdom come from God, and thus, the temple is the appropriate venue for addressing such serious matters.

and sat at the entrance of the New Gate
The "entrance of the New Gate" refers to a specific location within the temple complex. The term "sat" implies a formal assembly or court session, where judgments and decisions were made. The "New Gate" is believed to be a recently constructed or renovated part of the temple, signifying a place of importance and possibly a symbol of renewal or reform. This setting indicates that the officials were preparing to deliberate and make a decision regarding Jeremiah's prophecy. It highlights the procedural aspect of justice in ancient Judah, where leaders would gather at significant locations to discuss and resolve critical issues.

of the LORD’s house
Reiterating the temple as "the LORD’s house" reinforces the idea that this is not just any building, but the dwelling place of God among His people. The repetition of "LORD" (YHWH) underscores the divine authority and presence that permeates the proceedings. It serves as a reminder that the ultimate judge and authority is God Himself, and that all decisions made within this sacred space should align with His will and commandments. This phrase calls the officials, and by extension the readers, to a posture of reverence and submission to God's sovereignty in all matters of life and governance.

Then the priests and prophets
In ancient Israel, priests and prophets held significant religious authority. The priests were responsible for temple rituals and maintaining the law, while prophets were seen as messengers of God. However, in this context, both groups are depicted as opposing Jeremiah, highlighting a period of spiritual decline where religious leaders were more concerned with maintaining their power and status than seeking God's truth. This reflects a broader biblical theme where true prophets often face opposition from established religious authorities.

said to the officials and all the people
The officials and people represent the broader societal structure, including political leaders and the general populace. This phrase indicates that the religious leaders were attempting to sway public opinion and governmental authority against Jeremiah. Historically, this reflects the tension between prophetic messages and political power, where prophets often challenged the status quo, calling for repentance and change.

This man deserves the sentence of death
The call for Jeremiah's death underscores the severity of his message and the threat it posed to the existing order. In Hebrew, the concept of "deserving death" often relates to blasphemy or treason, suggesting that Jeremiah's prophecies were seen as a direct challenge to the nation's identity and security. This echoes the biblical pattern where God's messengers are persecuted for speaking uncomfortable truths.

because he has prophesied against this city
Jeremiah's prophecies were perceived as a direct attack on Jerusalem, the heart of Jewish religious and national identity. The Hebrew word for "prophesied" implies speaking under divine inspiration, yet the leaders viewed it as a threat. This highlights the tension between divine truth and human institutions, where God's messages often confront societal complacency and sin.

as you have heard with your own ears
This phrase emphasizes personal accountability and the undeniable nature of Jeremiah's message. The leaders appeal to the people's direct experience, suggesting that the truth of Jeremiah's words was evident to all. Biblically, hearing is often associated with understanding and responsibility, implying that the people were now accountable for how they responded to God's warning through Jeremiah.

Then Jeremiah said
The phrase begins with "Then," indicating a response or continuation of a previous event. Jeremiah, the prophet, is speaking. His name in Hebrew, "Yirmeyahu," means "Yahweh will exalt." Jeremiah is often called the "weeping prophet" due to his deep emotional connection to the messages he delivered. His role as a prophet was to be a mouthpiece for God, often delivering messages that were unpopular and met with resistance.

to all the officials and all the people
Jeremiah addresses both "officials" and "people," indicating the breadth of his audience. The "officials" were likely the leaders or elders of Judah, those in positions of authority who had the power to influence decisions. The "people" refers to the general populace of Jerusalem. This dual audience underscores the importance and gravity of the message, as it was meant for both the leaders and the common people, emphasizing that God's message is for everyone, regardless of status.

The LORD sent me
"The LORD" here is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, highlighting the personal and relational aspect of God with His people. "Sent me" indicates divine commissioning. Jeremiah did not speak on his own authority but was sent by God. This divine sending is crucial, as it legitimizes Jeremiah's message and mission. It reflects the biblical theme of prophets being chosen and sent by God to deliver His word.

to prophesy against this house and this city
"To prophesy" involves delivering a message from God, often concerning future events or divine judgment. "Against this house" refers to the Temple, the central place of worship for the Israelites, symbolizing their religious life. "This city" refers to Jerusalem, the political and spiritual heart of Judah. The use of "against" indicates a message of warning or judgment, suggesting that both the religious and civic life of the people had strayed from God's ways.

all the words that you have heard
"All the words" emphasizes the completeness and totality of the message. Jeremiah was not selective in his prophecy; he delivered the full counsel of God. "That you have heard" suggests that the message was already known to the audience, possibly through previous warnings or teachings. This phrase underscores the accountability of the people, as they had already been made aware of God's expectations and the consequences of disobedience.

So now
This phrase serves as a call to immediate action. In the Hebrew text, the word "now" (עַתָּה, 'attah) emphasizes urgency. Jeremiah is addressing the people of Judah with a pressing need for change. Historically, this was a time of impending judgment, and the prophet's message was not to be delayed. The urgency reflects God's desire for His people to turn back to Him before it's too late.

correct your ways and deeds
The Hebrew word for "correct" (הֵיטִיבוּ, heytivu) implies making something right or good. "Ways" (דַּרְכֵיכֶם, darkeichem) and "deeds" (מַעַלְלֵיכֶם, ma'aleichem) refer to the totality of one's conduct and actions. This call to correction is not merely about external behavior but a transformation of heart and mind. Biblically, true repentance involves a change in direction, turning away from sin and towards God.

and obey the voice of the LORD your God
Obedience is central to the covenant relationship between God and His people. The Hebrew word for "obey" (שִׁמְעוּ, shimu) is closely related to "hear" (שָׁמַע, shama), indicating that true hearing involves action. The "voice of the LORD" (קוֹל יְהוָה, qol YHWH) is a recurring theme in Scripture, representing God's revealed will. Historically, the Israelites were reminded of their covenant obligations, and obedience was a sign of their faithfulness.

so that He may relent
The Hebrew word for "relent" (וְיִנָּחֵם, veyinnahem) can also mean to have compassion or to change one's mind. This reflects God's merciful nature. While God is just, He is also compassionate and willing to withhold judgment if His people repent. This is consistent with the biblical theme that God does not delight in the death of the wicked but desires that they turn from their ways and live (Ezekiel 18:23).

of the disaster He has pronounced against you
The "disaster" (רָעָה, ra'ah) refers to the impending judgment due to the people's disobedience. The word "pronounced" (דִּבֶּר, dibber) indicates a formal declaration, underscoring the seriousness of the situation. In the historical context, this was a warning of the Babylonian exile. However, the possibility of God relenting shows His willingness to forgive and restore if the people genuinely repent.

As for me
This phrase marks a personal declaration from Jeremiah, emphasizing his individual stance and commitment. In Hebrew, the phrase is often used to denote a contrast or a personal resolution. Jeremiah is setting himself apart from the crowd, highlighting his role as a prophet who stands firm in his calling despite opposition. This reflects the courage and conviction required to follow God's calling, even when it leads to personal risk.

here I am
The Hebrew word "hineni" is a powerful declaration of presence and readiness. It is often used in the Bible by individuals responding to God's call, such as Abraham and Moses. Jeremiah's use of this phrase indicates his willingness to accept whatever comes his way, trusting in God's sovereignty. It is a statement of faith and submission, acknowledging that he is fully present and committed to God's mission.

in your hands
This phrase signifies surrender and vulnerability. In the ancient Near Eastern context, being in someone's hands meant being under their control or authority. Jeremiah acknowledges the power the people have over him, yet he entrusts himself to God's ultimate authority. This reflects a deep trust in God's justice and protection, even when human judgment seems imminent.

do to me
Jeremiah's statement here is one of submission to the will of others, yet it is also a profound act of faith. He is not resisting or fighting back, but rather allowing God's plan to unfold through the actions of those around him. This echoes the Christian principle of turning the other cheek and trusting in God's greater plan, even when it involves personal sacrifice.

what you think
This phrase indicates the subjective nature of human judgment. Jeremiah is aware that the people will act according to their own understanding and perception of what is right. It highlights the contrast between human judgment and divine wisdom, reminding believers to seek God's perspective rather than relying solely on human reasoning.

is good and right
The Hebrew words for "good" (tov) and "right" (yashar) are often used in the context of moral and ethical decisions. Jeremiah challenges the people to consider their actions carefully, urging them to align their decisions with God's standards of righteousness. This serves as a reminder for believers to evaluate their actions against the backdrop of God's Word, striving to live in a way that is pleasing to Him.

But know for certain
This phrase emphasizes the certainty and seriousness of the message Jeremiah is delivering. The Hebrew root for "know" is יָדַע (yada), which implies an intimate understanding or recognition. Jeremiah is urging his audience to grasp the gravity of their potential actions. In a historical context, prophets often faced skepticism, and Jeremiah's insistence on certainty underscores the divine authority behind his words.

if you put me to death
Jeremiah is confronting the threat to his life head-on. The phrase reflects the real danger prophets faced when delivering unpopular messages. The Hebrew verb for "put to death" is מוּת (muth), which is a straightforward term for execution. This highlights the perilous position of a true prophet who must speak God's truth regardless of personal risk.

you will bring innocent blood on yourselves
"Innocent blood" refers to the guilt of shedding the blood of someone who is not deserving of death. The concept of "innocent blood" is significant in the Hebrew Bible, as it brings divine judgment upon those who commit such acts. Jeremiah is warning that his death would not be a mere political act but a moral and spiritual transgression with severe consequences.

and on this city and on its residents
Jeremiah extends the consequences of their actions beyond themselves to the entire city and its inhabitants. This reflects the communal nature of sin and judgment in the Old Testament, where the actions of individuals can impact the broader community. Historically, Jerusalem was the center of religious and political life, and its fate was often seen as intertwined with the spiritual state of its people.

For truly the LORD has sent me
Jeremiah reaffirms his divine commission with the word "truly," which in Hebrew is אָמֵן (amen), a term of affirmation and certainty. This declaration is crucial, as it distinguishes Jeremiah's message from false prophets. The authority of his words comes directly from the LORD, the covenant name of God, emphasizing the seriousness and authenticity of his mission.

to speak all these words in your hearing
The phrase "in your hearing" indicates that the message is meant to be received and understood by the audience. The Hebrew word for "speak" is דָּבַר (dabar), which often implies not just speaking but conveying a message with purpose and authority. Jeremiah's role as a prophet is to communicate God's words faithfully, ensuring that the people are fully aware of the divine message and its implications.

Then the officials and all the people
This phrase highlights the collective response of both the governing authorities and the general populace. In the Hebrew context, "officials" refers to the leaders or princes who held significant influence in decision-making processes. The inclusion of "all the people" indicates a communal consensus, suggesting that Jeremiah's message resonated beyond the elite to the broader community. Historically, this reflects a moment where the societal structure, often divided, comes together in unity, recognizing the truth in Jeremiah's prophetic message.

said to the priests and prophets
The priests and prophets were religious leaders responsible for spiritual guidance. However, in this context, they were antagonistic towards Jeremiah. The Hebrew word for "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) implies a declaration or a decisive statement. This confrontation between the officials and the religious leaders underscores the tension between true prophetic voices and institutionalized religion. It serves as a reminder that God's truth can sometimes challenge established religious norms.

This man is not worthy of death
This declaration is pivotal, as it signifies a turning point in Jeremiah's trial. The phrase "not worthy of death" indicates a legal judgment, suggesting that Jeremiah's actions did not merit the capital punishment that the priests and prophets sought. In the ancient Near Eastern context, prophets often faced severe consequences for delivering unpopular messages. This statement reflects a divine intervention where justice prevails over false accusations, emphasizing God's protection over His messengers.

For he has spoken to us
The phrase acknowledges that Jeremiah's message was directed to the people, implying that it was relevant and necessary for their spiritual condition. The Hebrew root for "spoken" (דָּבַר, dabar) conveys the idea of communication with authority and purpose. This highlights the role of a prophet as God's mouthpiece, tasked with delivering messages that often challenge and convict the audience.

in the name of the LORD our God
This phrase is crucial as it legitimizes Jeremiah's prophetic authority. "In the name of" signifies acting under the authority and commission of someone greater—in this case, the LORD (YHWH), the covenant God of Israel. The use of "our God" personalizes the relationship between the people and YHWH, reminding them of their covenantal obligations. This acknowledgment by the officials and people serves as a testament to Jeremiah's authenticity as a prophet, reinforcing the idea that true prophecy aligns with God's character and purposes.

Some of the elders of the land
The phrase "elders of the land" refers to the respected leaders and wise men within the community of Judah. In ancient Israelite society, elders were often seen as figures of authority and wisdom, responsible for making important decisions and providing guidance. The Hebrew word for "elders" is "זְקֵנִים" (zeqenim), which denotes those who are advanced in age and experience. Their involvement in this narrative highlights the gravity of the situation and the need for seasoned judgment. Historically, elders played a crucial role in maintaining the social and religious order, and their intervention here suggests a moment of significant communal deliberation.

stood up
The act of standing up is symbolic of taking a position or making a declaration. In the context of ancient Near Eastern culture, standing was often associated with authority and the readiness to speak or act. This physical gesture indicates that the elders were prepared to address the assembly with seriousness and intent. It underscores their role as protectors of tradition and justice, ready to intervene in a potentially volatile situation.

and said
The act of speaking, especially by the elders, carries weight and authority. The Hebrew verb "אָמַר" (amar) is used here, which is a common term for speaking or saying. This implies that what follows is of importance and should be heeded by the listeners. In the biblical context, speech is a powerful tool for conveying divine will, wisdom, and instruction. The elders' words are meant to guide the assembly towards a thoughtful and righteous decision.

to the whole assembly of the people
This phrase indicates that the message was directed to the entire community gathered there. The "assembly" (קָהָל, qahal) refers to a formal gathering of the people, often for religious or civic purposes. In the historical context of ancient Israel, such assemblies were convened for significant matters, including legal judgments and communal decisions. The inclusion of "the whole assembly" emphasizes the collective nature of the decision-making process and the importance of communal consensus in matters of justice and prophecy.

Micah the Moreshite
This phrase identifies the prophet Micah, who hailed from Moresheth, a town in Judah. The Hebrew root for "Moreshite" indicates a person from Moresheth, emphasizing Micah's origins and grounding his prophecy in a specific cultural and geographical context. Historically, Micah was a contemporary of Isaiah, and his prophecies were directed towards both Israel and Judah, calling them to repentance and warning of impending judgment.

prophesied in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah
This phrase situates Micah's prophecy during the reign of Hezekiah, a king known for his religious reforms and efforts to return Judah to the worship of Yahweh. The historical context is significant because Hezekiah's reign was marked by both spiritual revival and political turmoil, including the threat from the Assyrian empire. The Hebrew word for "prophesied" (נָבָא, naba) implies speaking under divine inspiration, highlighting the authority and divine origin of Micah's message.

and said to all the people of Judah
This phrase underscores the audience of Micah's prophecy: the people of Judah. It reflects the communal nature of prophetic messages in ancient Israel, where prophets addressed the entire nation or community. The Hebrew term for "people" (עַם, am) often denotes a collective identity, emphasizing the shared responsibility and destiny of the nation in response to God's word.

This is what the LORD of Hosts says
This phrase introduces the divine message with authority. "LORD of Hosts" (יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת, Yahweh Tseva'ot) is a title that emphasizes God's sovereignty and command over the heavenly armies. It conveys a sense of power and majesty, reminding the audience that the prophecy comes from the ultimate authority in the universe. This title is often used in contexts of judgment and deliverance, reinforcing the seriousness of the message.

Zion will be plowed like a field
This phrase uses agricultural imagery to describe the impending destruction of Zion, the hill upon which Jerusalem was built. The Hebrew word for "plowed" (חָרַשׁ, charash) suggests complete devastation, as a field is turned over and prepared for new planting. This imagery conveys the totality of the judgment that would leave no stone unturned, symbolizing the thoroughness of God's impending judgment due to the people's sins.

Jerusalem will become a heap of rubble
This phrase continues the theme of destruction, with "heap of rubble" (עִי, i) indicating ruins or desolation. The historical context of Jerusalem's destruction by the Babylonians in 586 BC provides a vivid backdrop for this prophecy. The imagery of a once-great city reduced to ruins serves as a powerful warning of the consequences of turning away from God.

and the temple mount a wooded ridge
This phrase concludes the prophecy with a stark image of the temple mount, the site of the holy temple, becoming overgrown and abandoned. The Hebrew term for "wooded ridge" (יָעַר, ya'ar) suggests a return to a natural, untamed state, symbolizing the loss of divine presence and the reversal of the land's sanctity. This imagery would have been particularly shocking to the original audience, as the temple was the center of religious life and identity for the people of Judah.

Did Hezekiah king of Judah
Hezekiah, a revered king of Judah, is often remembered for his faithfulness and reforms that led the nation back to the worship of Yahweh. His reign is documented in 2 Kings 18-20 and 2 Chronicles 29-32. Hezekiah's leadership during a time of Assyrian threat and his efforts to restore the temple worship highlight his commitment to God. The mention of Hezekiah here serves as a historical precedent, reminding the people of Judah of a time when their king responded rightly to prophetic warnings.

or anyone else in Judah
This phrase emphasizes the collective responsibility and response of the people of Judah. It suggests that not only the king but also the people had a role in responding to prophetic messages. The historical context here is crucial, as it reflects a time when the nation was united in its reverence for God and willingness to heed His warnings, contrasting with the current situation in Jeremiah's time.

put him to death?
The rhetorical question refers to the prophet Micah, who prophesied during Hezekiah's reign. Instead of executing Micah for his dire prophecies, Hezekiah and the people listened and repented. This historical reference serves as a lesson, urging the current generation to consider the consequences of rejecting God's messengers.

Did not Hezekiah fear the LORD
The "fear of the LORD" is a recurring biblical theme, denoting reverence, awe, and obedience to God. Hezekiah's fear of the LORD led him to seek divine guidance and favor, resulting in God's mercy. This phrase underscores the importance of a heart posture that acknowledges God's sovereignty and righteousness.

and seek the LORD’s favor?
Seeking the LORD's favor involves prayer, repentance, and a sincere desire to align with God's will. Hezekiah's actions, such as restoring temple worship and celebrating Passover, were tangible expressions of seeking God's favor. This serves as an inspirational call to prioritize a relationship with God, especially in times of crisis.

And did not the LORD relent
The Hebrew root for "relent" (נָחַם, nacham) conveys a change of mind or heart, often in response to human repentance. God's relenting is not a sign of weakness but of His compassion and willingness to forgive. This highlights the dynamic relationship between divine justice and mercy, encouraging believers to trust in God's readiness to forgive when they turn back to Him.

concerning the disaster He had pronounced against them?
The disaster refers to the impending judgment due to the nation's sins. However, God's pronouncements are often conditional, allowing room for repentance and change. This phrase serves as a reminder of God's justice but also His mercy, offering hope that sincere repentance can avert disaster.

We are about to bring great harm on ourselves!”
This concluding warning is a sobering reminder of the consequences of rejecting God's word. The speaker acknowledges the self-inflicted nature of the impending judgment, urging the people to learn from history and avoid repeating past mistakes. It serves as a call to action, encouraging a return to faithfulness and obedience to God to prevent self-destruction.

Now there was another man
This phrase introduces us to a parallel figure to Jeremiah, emphasizing that Jeremiah was not alone in his prophetic mission. The Hebrew word for "man" here is "אִישׁ" (ish), which can denote a person of significance or standing. This introduction sets the stage for understanding that God often raises multiple voices to confirm His message, underscoring the seriousness of the prophetic warnings given to Judah.

who prophesied in the name of the LORD
The act of prophesying "in the name of the LORD" signifies speaking with divine authority. The Hebrew term for "prophesied" is "נִבָּא" (naba), which means to speak or sing by inspiration. This phrase highlights the legitimacy and divine backing of Uriah's message, aligning him with the true prophets who spoke God's words, as opposed to false prophets who spoke from their own imaginations.

Uriah son of Shemaiah
Uriah, whose name means "Yahweh is my light," is identified here, along with his lineage, which was a common practice to establish identity and credibility. The mention of his father, Shemaiah, whose name means "heard by Yahweh," may suggest a family known for their faithfulness to God. This personal detail adds depth to Uriah's character, presenting him as a legitimate and recognized prophet.

from Kiriath-jearim
Kiriath-jearim was a city in the territory of Judah, known historically as a place where the Ark of the Covenant was kept for a time (1 Samuel 7:1-2). This geographical reference situates Uriah within the cultural and religious landscape of Judah, suggesting that he was familiar with the spiritual heritage and the gravity of his prophetic mission.

He prophesied against this city and this land
The phrase "against this city and this land" indicates the content and direction of Uriah's prophecy. The Hebrew word for "against" is "עַל" (al), which can mean "concerning" or "regarding," but in this context, it implies a message of warning or judgment. This mirrors the prophetic tradition of calling out the sins of the people and warning of impending judgment if they do not repent.

just as Jeremiah did
This comparison to Jeremiah underscores the consistency and unity of the prophetic message. The Hebrew word "כְּ" (ke) means "like" or "as," indicating that Uriah's message was in harmony with Jeremiah's, reinforcing the truth of the warnings given to Judah. This parallel serves to validate both prophets' messages, showing that God was speaking clearly and consistently through His chosen messengers.

King Jehoiakim
Jehoiakim was the son of Josiah and became king of Judah after the death of his father. His reign is marked by a return to idolatry and a rejection of the reforms his father had instituted. Historically, Jehoiakim is known for his oppressive rule and his alliance with Egypt, which ultimately led to conflict with Babylon. His actions often reflect a heart hardened against God's messages, as seen in his response to the prophet Jeremiah.

and all his mighty men and officials
This phrase indicates the presence of the king's court and military leaders, who were influential in the governance of Judah. The "mighty men" were likely warriors or commanders, while the "officials" were those who held administrative power. Their inclusion in this verse underscores the collective rejection of prophetic warnings, highlighting a systemic resistance to God's word within the leadership of Judah.

heard his words
The "words" refer to the prophetic messages delivered by Jeremiah, which called for repentance and warned of impending judgment. The Hebrew root for "heard" (שָׁמַע, shama) implies not just auditory reception but also an understanding and acknowledgment of the message. However, in this context, it suggests a refusal to heed the warning, as evidenced by their subsequent actions.

and the king sought to put him to death
This phrase reveals the extreme hostility of Jehoiakim towards the prophetic message. The king's desire to kill the prophet reflects a broader theme in Scripture where God's messengers face persecution for speaking truth to power. It also illustrates the spiritual blindness and rebellion of Jehoiakim, who chooses to silence the voice of God rather than repent.

But Uriah heard and fled in fear to Egypt
Uriah, another prophet, serves as a parallel to Jeremiah, showing the real danger faced by those who spoke God's truth. His flight to Egypt signifies a desperate attempt to escape persecution. Egypt, historically a place of refuge, also symbolizes a return to worldly solutions rather than trusting in God's protection. Uriah's fear and subsequent actions highlight the human struggle between faith and fear, a theme that resonates throughout the Bible.

Then King Jehoiakim
King Jehoiakim was a ruler of Judah, known for his disobedience to God and his oppressive reign. His name, meaning "Yahweh will raise," stands in stark contrast to his actions, which often defied God's commands. Historically, Jehoiakim's reign was marked by political turmoil and subjugation to foreign powers, reflecting the spiritual decline of Judah. His decision-making often prioritized political expediency over spiritual fidelity, illustrating the dangers of forsaking divine guidance for worldly alliances.

sent men to Egypt
The act of sending men to Egypt signifies a political maneuver, as Egypt was a significant power during this period. This reflects the geopolitical landscape of the time, where Judah was caught between the dominant empires of Egypt and Babylon. Biblically, Egypt often symbolizes reliance on human strength rather than divine support. Jehoiakim's reliance on Egypt underscores a recurring theme in Scripture: the futility of trusting in worldly powers instead of God.

Elnathan son of Achbor
Elnathan, whose name means "God has given," was a prominent figure in Jehoiakim's court. His father, Achbor, was also a notable figure, suggesting a family of influence. The mention of Elnathan highlights the involvement of high-ranking officials in Jehoiakim's plans, indicating the king's reliance on trusted advisors. This reflects the broader biblical narrative of leaders surrounding themselves with counselors, for better or worse, and the impact of such counsel on their reign.

along with some other men
The inclusion of "some other men" suggests a delegation, emphasizing the seriousness of the mission to Egypt. This phrase indicates that Jehoiakim's actions were not isolated but involved a collective effort, possibly to negotiate or secure support. In a biblical context, the gathering of men for a mission often signifies the importance of the task and the communal aspect of leadership decisions. It serves as a reminder of the collective responsibility in governance and the consequences of collective actions.

They brought Uriah out of Egypt
The name "Uriah" is significant, meaning "Yahweh is my light" in Hebrew. Uriah was a prophet who fled to Egypt to escape King Jehoiakim's wrath. Egypt, in biblical history, often symbolizes a place of refuge but also of bondage. The act of bringing Uriah out of Egypt highlights the relentless pursuit of those who speak God's truth, even when they seek safety in foreign lands. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's prophets facing persecution.

and took him to King Jehoiakim
King Jehoiakim, son of Josiah, is depicted in the Bible as a ruler who did evil in the sight of the Lord (2 Kings 23:37). His reign was marked by a disregard for prophetic warnings and a tendency to suppress dissent. The act of taking Uriah to Jehoiakim underscores the king's authority and his role in opposing God's messengers. Historically, this reflects the political climate of Judah, where prophetic voices were often silenced by those in power.

who had him put to the sword
The phrase "put to the sword" is a euphemism for execution, indicating a violent and unjust end for Uriah. In Hebrew culture, the sword often symbolizes judgment and warfare. This act of execution by Jehoiakim is a stark reminder of the cost of prophetic ministry and the reality of martyrdom for those who faithfully deliver God's message. It serves as a sobering reflection on the consequences of rejecting divine warnings.

and his body thrown into the burial place of the common people
The "burial place of the common people" signifies a dishonorable burial, reserved for those deemed unworthy of a proper resting place. In ancient Israel, burial practices were significant, with proper burials being a sign of respect and honor. By denying Uriah a dignified burial, Jehoiakim not only sought to erase his memory but also to dishonor him posthumously. This act reflects the ultimate rejection and disdain for God's prophet, yet it also foreshadows the vindication of the righteous, as God remembers and honors those who are faithful to Him, regardless of human actions.

Nevertheless
This word serves as a pivotal transition, indicating a contrast to the preceding events. In the context of Jeremiah 26, the prophet faced severe opposition and threats of death due to his bold proclamation of God's message. The Hebrew root for "nevertheless" often conveys a sense of divine intervention or a turning point orchestrated by God. It reminds us that despite human plans, God's purposes prevail, offering hope and assurance that He is sovereign over all circumstances.

Ahikam son of Shaphan
Ahikam, whose name means "my brother has risen," was a significant figure in the court of King Josiah and later under King Jehoiakim. His father, Shaphan, was a scribe who played a crucial role in the discovery of the Book of the Law during Josiah's reign (2 Kings 22:8-14). The mention of Ahikam highlights the importance of godly heritage and influence. Ahikam's support for Jeremiah reflects the continuation of his family's commitment to God's word and justice, serving as a reminder of the impact of righteous leadership and legacy.

supported Jeremiah
The Hebrew term used here implies a strong, protective support, akin to a pillar or foundation. Ahikam's support was not merely passive but active and decisive, ensuring Jeremiah's safety. This phrase underscores the importance of standing firm in faith and action, especially when God's messengers face persecution. It inspires believers to be courageous advocates for truth, providing protection and encouragement to those who speak God's word.

so he was not handed over
This phrase indicates a deliberate act of intervention. The potential handing over of Jeremiah to the people symbolizes the threat of mob justice and the dangers faced by prophets who challenged the status quo. The historical context reveals a time of political and spiritual turmoil in Judah, where true prophets often faced hostility. This intervention by Ahikam serves as a testament to God's providence, ensuring that His purposes for Jeremiah's ministry were fulfilled.

to the people
The "people" here refers to the general populace of Judah, who were incited against Jeremiah due to his prophecies of impending judgment. This highlights the tension between the prophetic message and popular opinion. In a broader scriptural context, it reflects the recurring theme of God's prophets standing against the tide of public sentiment, calling for repentance and faithfulness to God.

to be put to death
The threat of death was a real and present danger for Jeremiah, as it was for many prophets who faithfully delivered God's messages. This phrase emphasizes the cost of discipleship and the reality of persecution for those who stand for truth. Historically, prophets often faced martyrdom, yet their faithfulness laid the groundwork for God's redemptive plan. It serves as an inspiration for believers to remain steadfast, trusting in God's ultimate justice and deliverance.