Proverbs 4:17
New International Version
They eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence.

New Living Translation
They eat the food of wickedness and drink the wine of violence!

English Standard Version
For they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence.

Berean Standard Bible
For they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence.

King James Bible
For they eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the wine of violence.

New King James Version
For they eat the bread of wickedness, And drink the wine of violence.

New American Standard Bible
For they eat the bread of wickedness, And drink the wine of violence.

NASB 1995
For they eat the bread of wickedness And drink the wine of violence.

NASB 1977
For they eat the bread of wickedness, And drink the wine of violence.

Legacy Standard Bible
For they eat the bread of wickedness And drink the wine of violence.

Amplified Bible
For they eat the bread of wickedness And drink the wine of violence.

Christian Standard Bible
They eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
They eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence.

American Standard Version
For they eat the bread of wickedness, And drink the wine of violence.

Contemporary English Version
Their food and drink are cruelty and wickedness.

English Revised Version
For they eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the wine of violence.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
They eat food obtained through wrongdoing and drink wine obtained through violence.

Good News Translation
Wickedness and violence are like food and drink to them.

International Standard Version
For they eat the bread of wickedness, and they drink the wine of violence.

Majority Standard Bible
For they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence.

NET Bible
For they eat bread gained from wickedness and drink wine obtained from violence.

New Heart English Bible
For they eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the wine of violence.

Webster's Bible Translation
For they eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the wine of violence.

World English Bible
For they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
For they have eaten bread of wickedness, "" And they drink wine of violence.

Young's Literal Translation
For they have eaten bread of wickedness, And wine of violence they drink.

Smith's Literal Translation
For they ate the bread of injustice, and they will drink the wine of violences:
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
They eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the wine of iniquity.

Catholic Public Domain Version
They eat the bread of impiety, and they drink the wine of iniquity.

New American Bible
For they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence.

New Revised Standard Version
For they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
For they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Because their food is the food of evil and they drink the wine of depravity.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
For they eat the bread of wickedness, And drink the wine of violence.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
For these live upon the bread of ungodliness, and are drunken with wine of transgression.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
A Father's Instruction
16For they cannot sleep unless they do evil; they are deprived of slumber until they make someone fall. 17For they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence. 18The path of the righteous is like the first gleam of dawn, shining brighter and brighter until midday.…

Cross References
Isaiah 59:7
Their feet run to evil; they are swift to shed innocent blood. Their thoughts are sinful thoughts; ruin and destruction lie in their wake.

Micah 3:2-3
You hate good and love evil. You tear the skin from my people and strip the flesh from their bones. / You eat the flesh of my people after stripping off their skin and breaking their bones. You chop them up like flesh for the cooking pot, like meat in a cauldron.”

Romans 3:15-17
“Their feet are swift to shed blood; / ruin and misery lie in their wake, / and the way of peace they have not known.”

Isaiah 5:22-23
Woe to those who are heroes in drinking wine and champions in mixing strong drink, / who acquit the guilty for a bribe and deprive the innocent of justice.

Habakkuk 2:15-16
Woe to him who gives drink to his neighbors, pouring it from the wineskin until they are drunk, in order to gaze at their nakedness! / You will be filled with shame instead of glory. You too must drink and expose your uncircumcision! The cup in the LORD’s right hand will come around to you, and utter disgrace will cover your glory.

Jeremiah 22:13
“Woe to him who builds his palace by unrighteousness, and his upper rooms without justice, who makes his countrymen serve without pay, and fails to pay their wages,

Matthew 23:25
Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You clean the outside of the cup and dish, but inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence.

Isaiah 28:7-8
These also stagger from wine and stumble from strong drink: Priests and prophets reel from strong drink and are befuddled by wine. They stumble because of strong drink, muddled in their visions and stumbling in their judgments. / For all their tables are covered with vomit; there is not a place without filth.

1 Corinthians 6:9-10
Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor men who submit to or perform homosexual acts, / nor thieves, nor the greedy, nor drunkards, nor verbal abusers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God.

Isaiah 1:23
Your rulers are rebels, friends of thieves. They all love bribes and chasing after rewards. They do not defend the fatherless, and the plea of the widow never comes before them.

Amos 2:8
They lie down beside every altar on garments taken in pledge. And in the house of their God, they drink wine obtained through fines.

Ephesians 5:18
Do not get drunk on wine, which leads to reckless indiscretion. Instead, be filled with the Spirit.

Isaiah 10:1-2
Woe to those who enact unjust statutes and issue oppressive decrees, / to deprive the poor of fair treatment and withhold justice from the oppressed of My people, to make widows their prey and orphans their plunder.

1 Peter 4:3
For you have spent enough time in the past carrying out the same desires as the Gentiles: living in debauchery, lust, drunkenness, orgies, carousing, and detestable idolatry.

Ezekiel 22:12
In you they take bribes to shed blood. You engage in usury, take excess interest, and extort your neighbors. But Me you have forgotten, declares the Lord GOD.


Treasury of Scripture

For they eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the wine of violence.

Proverbs 9:17
Stolen waters are sweet, and bread eaten in secret is pleasant.

Proverbs 20:17
Bread of deceit is sweet to a man; but afterwards his mouth shall be filled with gravel.

Job 24:5,6
Behold, as wild asses in the desert, go they forth to their work; rising betimes for a prey: the wilderness yieldeth food for them and for their children…

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Acts Bread Drink Eat Eaten Evil-Doing Food Violence Violent Wickedness Wine
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Proverbs 4
1. persuades to wisdom
14. and to show wickedness
20. He exhorts to sanctification














For they eat
The phrase "For they eat" suggests a habitual action, indicating a lifestyle or pattern of behavior. In the Hebrew context, eating is often symbolic of taking in or internalizing something. Here, it implies that the individuals are consuming or partaking in something that is inherently corrupt. The act of eating in biblical times was not just about sustenance but also about fellowship and agreement. Thus, this phrase suggests a deep-seated acceptance and integration of wickedness into one's life.

the bread of wickedness
"the bread of wickedness" uses "bread" as a metaphor for sustenance or what one relies on for life. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, bread was a staple food, essential for survival. By describing it as "bread of wickedness," the verse highlights that these individuals are nourishing themselves with evil, allowing it to sustain and define them. The Hebrew word for wickedness, "רֶשַׁע" (resha), conveys a sense of moral wrongness and injustice. This phrase warns against allowing evil to become a fundamental part of one's life, as bread is to physical life.

and drink
The word "and drink" complements the previous phrase, indicating another form of consumption. Drinking, like eating, is a necessary act for survival, but here it is associated with something negative. In biblical symbolism, drinking can represent taking in spiritual or moral influences. This phrase suggests that the individuals are not only consuming wickedness but are also quenching their thirst with violence, further emphasizing their complete immersion in sin.

the wine of violence
"the wine of violence" uses "wine" as a metaphor for indulgence and pleasure. Wine in the Bible often symbolizes joy and celebration, but here it is twisted to represent something destructive. The Hebrew word for violence, "חָמָס" (chamas), implies cruelty, injustice, and oppression. This phrase indicates that the individuals derive pleasure and satisfaction from acts of violence, much like one would enjoy wine. It serves as a stark warning against finding delight in harmful and oppressive behaviors, as it leads to spiritual and moral decay.

(17) The bread of wickedness.--i.e., acquired by wickedness, as (Proverbs 10:2) "treasures of wickedness."

Verse 17. - For (ki, equivalent to the Greek γὰρ) is here explanatory. It serves not so much to introduce another independent statement, as one which accounts for the statement made in the preceding verse, that the wicked sleep not unless they have done mischief, i.e. it states the reason why they are so conditioned. There is no comparison expressed in the original, as the rendering adopted by Schultens and others implies, "For wickedness do they eat as bread, and violence do they drink as wine," which is evidently based on Job 15:16, "Which drinketh up iniquity like water," and Job 34:7, "Who drinketh up scorning like water." The literal rendering is, for they eat the bread of wickedness, and the wine of violence do they drink. The bread of wickedness (lekhem resha) is not bread which consists in wickedness, but bread which is obtained by wickedness, just as the wine of violence (yiyin khamasim) is not the wine which produces violence, but the wine that is procured by violent dee,is. Their support, what they eat and drink, is obtained by wickedness and injustice. They live by wrong. For such expressions as "the bread of wickedness" and "the wine of violence," cf. Deuteronomy 16:3, "the bread of affliction;" Psalm 127:2, "the bread of sorrows;" and Amos 2:8, "the wine of the condemned." There is a charade of tense in the verbs, the first being perfect, "they have eaten," and the second future, "they shall drink," which Delitzsch explains as representing the twofold act - first eating the bread, and then washing it down with wine.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
since
כִּ֣י (kî)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

they eat
לָ֭חֲמוּ (lā·ḥă·mū)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 3898: To feed on, to consume, to battle

the bread
לֶ֣חֶם (le·ḥem)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3899: Food, bread, grain

of wickedness
רֶ֑שַׁע (re·ša‘)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7562: Wickedness

and drink
יִשְׁתּֽוּ׃ (yiš·tū)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 8354: To imbibe

the wine
וְיֵ֖ין (wə·yên)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3196: Wine, intoxication

of violence.
חֲמָסִ֣ים (ḥă·mā·sîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 2555: Violence, wrong, by meton, unjust gain


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OT Poetry: Proverbs 4:17 For they eat the bread of wickedness (Prov. Pro Pr)
Proverbs 4:16
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