Esther 1:5
New International Version
When these days were over, the king gave a banquet, lasting seven days, in the enclosed garden of the king’s palace, for all the people from the least to the greatest who were in the citadel of Susa.

New Living Translation
When it was all over, the king gave a banquet for all the people, from the greatest to the least, who were in the fortress of Susa. It lasted for seven days and was held in the courtyard of the palace garden.

English Standard Version
And when these days were completed, the king gave for all the people present in Susa the citadel, both great and small, a feast lasting for seven days in the court of the garden of the king’s palace.

Berean Standard Bible
At the end of this time, in the garden court of the royal palace, the king held a seven-day feast for all the people in the citadel of Susa, from the least to the greatest.

King James Bible
And when these days were expired, the king made a feast unto all the people that were present in Shushan the palace, both unto great and small, seven days, in the court of the garden of the king's palace;

New King James Version
And when these days were completed, the king made a feast lasting seven days for all the people who were present in Shushan the citadel, from great to small, in the court of the garden of the king’s palace.

New American Standard Bible
When these days were finished, the king held a banquet lasting seven days for all the people who were present at the citadel in Susa, from the greatest to the least, in the courtyard of the garden of the king’s palace.

NASB 1995
When these days were completed, the king gave a banquet lasting seven days for all the people who were present at the citadel in Susa, from the greatest to the least, in the court of the garden of the king’s palace.

NASB 1977
And when these days were completed, the king gave a banquet lasting seven days for all the people who were present in Susa the capital, from the greatest to the least, in the court of the garden of the king’s palace.

Legacy Standard Bible
And when these days were fulfilled, the king held a feast lasting seven days for all the people who were present at the citadel in Susa, from the greatest to the least, in the court of the garden of the king’s palace.

Amplified Bible
When these days were completed, the king held a banquet for all the people who were present at the citadel in Susa [the capital], from the greatest [in importance] to the least, a seven-day feast in the courtyard of the garden of the king’s palace.

Christian Standard Bible
At the end of this time, the king held a week-long banquet in the garden courtyard of the royal palace for all the people, from the greatest to the least, who were present in the fortress of Susa.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
At the end of this time, the king held a week-long banquet in the garden courtyard of the royal palace for all the people, from the greatest to the least, who were present in the fortress of Susa.

American Standard Version
And when these days were fulfilled, the king made a feast unto all the people that were present in Shushan the palace, both great and small, seven days, in the court of the garden of the king's palace.

Contemporary English Version
At the end of this time, King Xerxes gave another dinner and invited everyone in the city of Susa, no matter who they were. The eating and drinking lasted seven days in the beautiful palace gardens.

English Revised Version
And when these days were fulfilled, he king made a feast unto all the people that were present in Shushan the palace, both great and small, seven days, in the court of the garden of the king's palace;

GOD'S WORD® Translation
When those days were over, the king held a banquet lasting seven days. This banquet was held in the enclosed garden of the king's palace for all people in the fortress of Susa, whatever their rank.

Good News Translation
After that, the king gave a banquet for all the people in the capital city of Susa, rich and poor alike. It lasted a whole week and was held in the gardens of the royal palace.

International Standard Version
When those days were over, the king held a seven-day banquet in the courtyard of the garden of his palace for all the people who were present in Susa the capital, from the greatest to the least important.

Majority Standard Bible
At the end of this time, in the garden court of the royal palace, the king held a seven-day feast for all the people in the citadel of Susa, from the least to the greatest.

NET Bible
When those days were completed, the king then provided a seven-day banquet for all the people who were present in Susa the citadel, for those of highest standing to the most lowly. It was held in the court located in the garden of the royal palace.

New Heart English Bible
When these days were fulfilled, the king made a seven day feast for all the people who were present in Shushan the palace, both great and small, in the court of the garden of the king's palace.

Webster's Bible Translation
And when these days had expired, the king made a feast for all the people that were present in Shushan the palace, both for great and small, seven days, in the court of the garden of the king's palace;

World English Bible
When these days were fulfilled, the king made a seven day feast for all the people who were present in Susa the palace, both great and small, in the court of the garden of the king’s palace.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And at the fullness of these days the king has made a banquet to all the people who are found in Shushan the palace, from great even to small, [for] seven days, in the court of the garden of the house of the king—

Young's Literal Translation
And at the fulness of these days hath the king made to all the people who are found in Shushan the palace, from great even unto small, a banquet, seven days, in the court of the garden of the house of the king --

Smith's Literal Translation
And in these days being completed the king made to all the people being found in Shushan the fortress, a drinking to the great and even to the small, seven days, in the enclosure of the garden of the king's house;
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And when the days of the feast were expired, he invited all the people that were found in Susan, from the greatest to the least: and commanded a feast to be made seven days in the court of the garden, and of the wood, which was planted by the care and the hand of the king.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And when the days of the feast were nearly completed, he invited all the people, who had been found in Susa, from the greatest even to the least, and he commanded a feast to be prepared, for seven days, in the court of the garden and the arboretum, which had been planted by the care and by the hand of the king.

New American Bible
At the end of this time the king gave a feast of seven days in the garden court of the royal palace for all the people, great and small, who were in the royal precinct of Susa.

New Revised Standard Version
When these days were completed, the king gave for all the people present in the citadel of Susa, both great and small, a banquet lasting for seven days, in the court of the garden of the king’s palace.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And when these days were completed, the king made a feast to all the people who were present in Shushan the palace, both great and small, seven days, in the court of the garden of the king's palace;

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And when those days were finished, the King made a feast seven days for all the people that were found in Shushan the Palace, from the little one and unto the great, in the court of the garden of the palace of the King.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And when these days were fulfilled, the king made a feast unto all the people that were present in Shushan the castle, both great and small, seven days, in the court of the garden of the king's palace;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
when, I say, the days of the marriage feast were completed, the king made a banquet to the nations who were present in the city six days, in the court of the king's house,

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Xerxes' Royal Feast
4And for a full 180 days he displayed the glorious riches of his kingdom and the magnificent splendor of his greatness. 5At the end of this time, in the garden court of the royal palace, the king held a seven-day feast for all the people in the citadel of Susa, from the least to the greatest. 6Hangings of white and blue linen were fastened with cords of fine white and purple material to silver rings on the marble pillars. Gold and silver couches were arranged on a mosaic pavement of porphyry, marble, mother-of-pearl, and other costly stones.…

Cross References
Daniel 5:1-4
Later, King Belshazzar held a great feast for a thousand of his nobles, and he drank wine with them. / Under the influence of the wine, Belshazzar gave orders to bring in the gold and silver vessels that Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken from the temple in Jerusalem, so that the king could drink from them, along with his nobles, his wives, and his concubines. / Thus they brought in the gold vessels that had been taken from the temple, the house of God in Jerusalem, and the king drank from them, along with his nobles, his wives, and his concubines. ...

1 Kings 3:15
Then Solomon awoke, and indeed it had been a dream. So he returned to Jerusalem, stood before the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. Then he held a feast for all his servants.

Nehemiah 8:9-12
Nehemiah the governor, Ezra the priest and scribe, and the Levites who were instructing the people said to all of them, “This day is holy to the LORD your God. Do not mourn or weep.” For all the people were weeping as they heard the words of the Law. / Then Nehemiah told them, “Go and eat what is rich, drink what is sweet, and send out portions to those who have nothing prepared, since today is holy to our Lord. Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength.” / And the Levites calmed all the people, saying, “Be still, since today is holy. Do not grieve.” ...

2 Chronicles 30:21-23
The Israelites who were present in Jerusalem celebrated the Feast of Unleavened Bread for seven days with great joy, and the Levites and priests praised the LORD day after day, accompanied by loud instruments of praise to the LORD. / And Hezekiah encouraged all the Levites who performed skillfully before the LORD. For seven days they ate their assigned portion, sacrificing peace offerings and giving thanks to the LORD, the God of their fathers. / The whole assembly agreed to observe seven more days, so they observed seven days with joy.

Luke 14:13-14
But when you host a banquet, invite the poor, the crippled, the lame, and the blind, / and you will be blessed. Since they cannot repay you, you will be repaid at the resurrection of the righteous.”

Matthew 22:2-4
“The kingdom of heaven is like a king who prepared a wedding banquet for his son. / He sent his servants to call those he had invited to the banquet, but they refused to come. / Again, he sent other servants and said, ‘Tell those who have been invited that I have prepared my dinner. My oxen and fattened cattle have been killed, and everything is ready. Come to the wedding banquet.’

John 2:1-10
On the third day a wedding took place at Cana in Galilee. Jesus’ mother was there, / and Jesus and His disciples had also been invited to the wedding. / When the wine ran out, Jesus’ mother said to Him, “They have no more wine.” ...

Genesis 40:20
On the third day, which was Pharaoh’s birthday, he held a feast for all his officials, and in their presence he lifted up the heads of the chief cupbearer and the chief baker.

1 Samuel 25:36
When Abigail returned to Nabal, there he was in the house, holding a feast fit for a king, in high spirits and very drunk. So she told him nothing until morning light.

2 Samuel 6:19
Then he distributed to every man and woman among the multitude of Israel a loaf of bread, a date cake, and a raisin cake. And all the people departed, each to his own home.

1 Kings 8:65-66
So at that time Solomon and all Israel with him—a great assembly of people from Lebo-hamath to the Brook of Egypt—kept the feast before the LORD our God for seven days and seven more days—fourteen days in all. / On the fifteenth day Solomon sent the people away. So they blessed the king and went home, joyful and glad in heart for all the good things that the LORD had done for His servant David and for His people Israel.

2 Chronicles 7:8-10
So at that time Solomon and all Israel with him—a very great assembly of people from Lebo-hamath to the Brook of Egypt—kept the feast for seven days. / On the eighth day they held a solemn assembly, for the dedication of the altar had lasted seven days, and the feast seven days more. / On the twenty-third day of the seventh month, Solomon sent the people away to their homes, joyful and glad of heart for the good things that the LORD had done for David, for Solomon, and for His people Israel.

Isaiah 25:6
On this mountain the LORD of Hosts will prepare a lavish banquet for all the peoples, a feast of aged wine, of choice meat, of finely aged wine.

Jeremiah 52:33-34
So Jehoiachin changed out of his prison clothes, and he dined regularly at the king’s table for the rest of his life. / And the king of Babylon provided Jehoiachin a daily portion for the rest of his life, until the day of his death.

Mark 6:21-22
On Herod’s birthday, her opportunity arose. Herod held a banquet for his nobles and military commanders and the leading men of Galilee. / When the daughter of Herodias came and danced, she pleased Herod and his guests, and the king said to the girl, “Ask me for whatever you wish, and I will give it to you.”


Treasury of Scripture

And when these days were expired, the king made a feast to all the people that were present in Shushan the palace, both to great and small, seven days, in the court of the garden of the king's palace;

present.

2 Chronicles 7:8,9
Also at the same time Solomon kept the feast seven days, and all Israel with him, a very great congregation, from the entering in of Hamath unto the river of Egypt…

2 Chronicles 30:21-25
And the children of Israel that were present at Jerusalem kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days with great gladness: and the Levites and the priests praised the LORD day by day, singing with loud instruments unto the LORD…

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Banquet Citadel Completed Court Enclosed Expired Feast Fulfilled Garden Great Greatest King's Lasting Palace Present Seven Shushan Small Susa
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Banquet Citadel Completed Court Enclosed Expired Feast Fulfilled Garden Great Greatest King's Lasting Palace Present Seven Shushan Small Susa
Esther 1
1. Xerxes makes royal feasts.
10. Vashti, sent for, refuses to come.
13. Xerxes, by the counsel of Memucan, puts away Vashti, and decrees men's sovereignty.














And when the days of the feast were completed
This phrase marks the conclusion of an extensive celebration, indicating a time of fulfillment and completion. The Hebrew root for "completed" is "מָלֵא" (male'), which often signifies fullness or accomplishment. This completion suggests a sense of satisfaction and fulfillment, reflecting the king's desire to celebrate his wealth and power. Historically, Persian feasts were known for their opulence and grandeur, often lasting several days, which underscores the king's authority and the prosperity of his reign.

the king held a banquet lasting seven days
The "king" here refers to King Ahasuerus, known historically as Xerxes I. The "banquet" is a significant cultural event, a time of feasting and merriment. The number "seven" in biblical terms often symbolizes completeness or perfection, suggesting that this banquet was meant to be a perfect expression of the king's generosity and hospitality. The seven-day duration also reflects the king's desire to extend his favor and demonstrate his wealth to all his subjects.

in the courtyard of the palace garden
The "courtyard" and "palace garden" indicate a setting of beauty and luxury. Persian palaces were renowned for their elaborate gardens, which were symbols of paradise and divine blessing. The use of the garden for the banquet suggests a setting that is both intimate and grand, a place where the king could display his power and the splendor of his kingdom. This setting also reflects the biblical theme of gardens as places of peace and abundance.

for all the people from the least to the greatest
This phrase emphasizes the inclusivity of the king's generosity. "From the least to the greatest" indicates that the banquet was open to everyone, regardless of social status. This inclusivity reflects a biblical principle of equality before God, where all are invited to partake in the king's bounty. It also highlights the king's desire to unify his people and demonstrate his benevolence across all levels of society.

who were in the citadel of Susa
"Susa" was one of the major cities of the Persian Empire, serving as a royal residence and administrative center. The "citadel" refers to the fortified part of the city, indicating a place of security and power. By hosting the banquet in Susa, the king is not only showcasing his wealth but also reinforcing his authority and the strength of his empire. The historical and archaeological significance of Susa provides a backdrop of imperial power and cultural richness, setting the stage for the events that unfold in the Book of Esther.

(5) All the people.--So we find Cyrus feasting "all the Persians" (Herod. i. 126).

Verse 5. - A feast unto all the people that were found in Susa. The males only are intended, as appears from ver. 9. So Cyrus on one occasion feasted "the entire Persian army," slaughtering for them all his father's flocks, sheep, goats, and oxen (Herod., 1:126). In the court of the garden. The "court of the garden" is probably the entire space surrounding the central hall of thirty-six pillars at Susa, including the three detached porticoes of twelve pillars each, described by Mr. Loftus in his 'Chaldaea and Susiana' (pp. 365-372). This is a space nearly 350 feet long by 250 wide, with a square of 145 feet taken out of it for the central building. The area exceeds 60,000 square feet.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
At the end
וּבִמְל֣וֹאת ׀ (ū·ḇim·lō·wṯ)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 4390: To fill, be full of

of this
הָאֵ֗לֶּה (hā·’êl·leh)
Article | Pronoun - common plural
Strong's 428: These, those

time,
הַיָּמִ֣ים (hay·yā·mîm)
Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 3117: A day

in the garden
גִּנַּ֥ת (gin·naṯ)
Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 1594: A garden

courtyard
בַּחֲצַ֕ר (ba·ḥă·ṣar)
Preposition-b | Noun - common singular construct
Strong's 2691: A yard, a hamlet

of the royal
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ (ham·me·leḵ)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4428: A king

palace,
בִּיתַ֖ן (bî·ṯan)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1055: House, palace

the king
הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ (ham·me·leḵ)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4428: A king

held
עָשָׂ֣ה (‘ā·śāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6213: To do, make

a seven-day
שִׁבְעַ֣ת (šiḇ·‘aṯ)
Number - masculine singular construct
Strong's 7651: Seven, seven times, a week, an indefinite number

feast
מִשְׁתֶּ֖ה (miš·teh)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4960: Drink, drinking, a banquet, feast

for all
לְכָל־ (lə·ḵāl)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

the people
הָעָ֣ם (hā·‘ām)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5971: A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock

in the citadel
הַבִּירָ֜ה (hab·bî·rāh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 1002: A castle, palace

of Susa,
בְּשׁוּשַׁ֨ן (bə·šū·šan)
Preposition-b | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 7800: Susa -- residence of person kings

from the least
קָטָ֛ן (qā·ṭān)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 6996: Small, young, unimportant

to
וְעַד־ (wə·‘aḏ-)
Conjunctive waw | Preposition
Strong's 5704: As far as, even to, up to, until, while

the greatest.
לְמִגָּ֧דוֹל (lə·mig·gā·ḏō·wl)
Preposition-l, Preposition-m | Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 1419: Great, older, insolent


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OT History: Esther 1:5 When these days were fulfilled the king (Est Esth. Es)
Esther 1:4
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