Wisdom
The Hebrew word for "wisdom" is "חָכְמָה" (chokmah), which encompasses not only knowledge but also the skillful application of knowledge in daily life. In the biblical context, wisdom is personified as a noble woman, a common literary device in Proverbs, symbolizing divine insight and understanding. This personification invites readers to view wisdom as an active, living force that seeks to guide and nurture humanity. From a conservative Christian perspective, wisdom is seen as a gift from God, essential for righteous living and decision-making.

has built
The verb "built" in Hebrew is "בָּנְתָה" (banah), indicating a deliberate and skillful act of construction. This suggests that wisdom is not passive but actively involved in creating a stable and secure environment. The imagery of building implies a process that requires planning, effort, and purpose. In the spiritual sense, this construction can be seen as the formation of a life or community grounded in godly principles.

her house
The "house" in this context, "בֵּיתָה" (bayit), represents more than a physical structure; it symbolizes a place of dwelling, safety, and community. In ancient Near Eastern culture, a house was a central place for family and social interaction. Spiritually, it can be interpreted as the heart or life of a believer, where wisdom resides and influences every aspect of existence. The house built by wisdom is one of order, peace, and righteousness.

she has carved out
The phrase "carved out" comes from the Hebrew "חָצְבָה" (chatzvah), which implies a process of cutting or hewing with precision and care. This action denotes intentionality and craftsmanship, suggesting that wisdom's work is not haphazard but carefully designed. It reflects the idea that wisdom shapes and refines the moral and spiritual structure of one's life, much like a sculptor chisels a masterpiece from stone.

her seven pillars
The "seven pillars" are "עַמּוּדֶיהָ שִׁבְעָה" (ammudeha shiv'ah) in Hebrew. The number seven often symbolizes completeness or perfection in the Bible, indicating that the house of wisdom is perfectly supported and balanced. Pillars are structural elements that provide strength and stability, suggesting that wisdom's foundation is robust and enduring. Historically, pillars were also seen as symbols of beauty and grandeur, enhancing the house's aesthetic and functional value. In a spiritual sense, these pillars could represent foundational virtues or principles that uphold a life of wisdom, such as integrity, humility, and faithfulness.

She has prepared her meat
The phrase "prepared her meat" signifies a deliberate and thoughtful act of preparation. In the Hebrew context, the word for "prepared" (עָרַךְ, arak) implies arranging or setting in order, suggesting wisdom's meticulous planning and readiness. The "meat" symbolizes sustenance and nourishment, reflecting the richness and depth of wisdom's offerings. In ancient Israel, meat was a luxury, often reserved for special occasions, indicating that wisdom offers something precious and valuable. This preparation is akin to the spiritual nourishment that wisdom provides, inviting believers to partake in the fullness of God's truth and guidance.

she has mixed her wine
The act of "mixing her wine" refers to the ancient practice of diluting wine with water or adding spices to enhance its flavor. The Hebrew word for "mixed" (מָסַךְ, masak) suggests a careful blending, indicating that wisdom's offerings are not only abundant but also refined and enriching. Wine, in biblical times, was a symbol of joy and celebration, and its mixing implies a preparation for a communal experience. This imagery invites believers to partake in the joy and fellowship that comes from living a life guided by divine wisdom, which is both intoxicating and enlightening.

she has also set her table
The phrase "set her table" conveys a sense of readiness and hospitality. The Hebrew word for "set" (עָרַךְ, arak) is the same as used for "prepared," emphasizing order and intention. The "table" represents a place of gathering, fellowship, and sharing. In the biblical context, setting a table was an act of welcoming and providing for guests, symbolizing the open invitation of wisdom to all who seek understanding. This imagery reflects the inclusive and generous nature of divine wisdom, which is available to all who are willing to come and partake. It encourages believers to approach wisdom's table with humility and eagerness, ready to receive the spiritual nourishment and guidance it offers.

She has sent out her maidservants
In this phrase, "she" refers to Wisdom, personified as a woman in the book of Proverbs. The act of sending out maidservants signifies the proactive and intentional effort of Wisdom to reach out to those who are in need of guidance. The Hebrew root for "sent out" (שָׁלַח, shalach) implies a mission or commission, suggesting that these maidservants are entrusted with an important task. Historically, maidservants were often seen as extensions of their mistress's will, indicating that Wisdom's message is authoritative and purposeful. This reflects the divine initiative in seeking humanity, emphasizing that God’s wisdom is not hidden but actively offered to all who are willing to listen.

she calls out
The phrase "she calls out" highlights the vocal and public nature of Wisdom's invitation. The Hebrew word for "calls out" (קָרָא, qara) conveys a sense of urgency and importance. It is not a whisper or a private conversation but a loud proclamation meant to capture attention. This calling is reminiscent of the prophetic tradition in Israel, where prophets would publicly declare God's messages. It underscores the accessibility of divine wisdom and the earnest desire of God for people to heed His guidance. The call is an open invitation, emphasizing that wisdom is available to all who are willing to respond.

from the heights of the city
The "heights of the city" refers to a place of visibility and prominence. In ancient cities, the high places were often where important announcements were made, ensuring that the message reached as many people as possible. The Hebrew term for "heights" (מָרוֹם, marom) can also imply a place of authority or significance. This setting symbolizes the elevated status of Wisdom and the importance of her message. It suggests that the call of Wisdom is not hidden in obscurity but is made from a position of influence, intended to reach the entire community. This imagery reinforces the idea that God's wisdom is not confined to the elite or the secluded but is proclaimed openly for all to hear and embrace.

Whoever is simple
The Hebrew word for "simple" is "פֶּתִי" (pethi), which refers to someone who is naive or inexperienced. In the context of Proverbs, the "simple" are those who are open to instruction and guidance, yet they are also vulnerable to folly. This term is not derogatory but rather descriptive of a state of openness and potential for growth. The simple are those who have not yet committed to wisdom or folly, and thus, they are at a crossroads. The call to the simple is an invitation to choose the path of wisdom, which is a recurring theme in Proverbs. Historically, wisdom literature often addressed the young and inexperienced, urging them to pursue knowledge and understanding.

let him turn in here!
The phrase "let him turn in here" is an invitation to enter a place of learning and wisdom. The Hebrew verb "סוּר" (sur) means to turn aside or depart from one's current path. This implies a conscious decision to change direction, to leave behind the path of ignorance, and to embrace wisdom. In the ancient Near Eastern context, turning into a house or dwelling was symbolic of seeking refuge, counsel, and sustenance. The imagery here is of Wisdom personified, offering a welcoming and nurturing environment for those who seek her. This invitation is a call to action, urging the simple to make a deliberate choice to pursue wisdom.

To him who lacks judgment
The phrase "lacks judgment" translates from the Hebrew "חֲסַר־לֵב" (chaser-lev), literally meaning "lacking heart." In Hebrew thought, the heart (lev) is the seat of understanding, will, and moral character. Thus, to lack heart is to lack discernment and insight. This condition is not permanent but rather a state that can be remedied through the pursuit of wisdom. The Bible often contrasts those who lack judgment with those who possess it, highlighting the transformative power of wisdom. In the historical context of Proverbs, judgment was highly valued as it was essential for leadership, justice, and righteous living.

she says
The "she" in this verse refers to Wisdom, personified as a woman calling out to the simple and those lacking judgment. This personification is a literary device used throughout Proverbs to make the abstract concept of wisdom more relatable and engaging. Wisdom's voice is authoritative and compassionate, offering guidance and instruction. In the broader scriptural context, Wisdom is often associated with the divine, as seen in passages where wisdom is depicted as being present at creation (Proverbs 8:22-31). This portrayal underscores the belief that true wisdom is rooted in the fear of the Lord and is a divine gift to humanity. The historical use of personification in wisdom literature served to emphasize the accessibility and desirability of wisdom, encouraging the audience to heed her call.

Come, eat my bread
This phrase is an invitation to partake in wisdom, symbolized by bread. In the Hebrew context, bread is a staple of life, representing sustenance and nourishment. The Hebrew word for bread, "lechem," is often used in the Old Testament to signify not just physical sustenance but also spiritual nourishment. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, sharing a meal was an act of fellowship and communion. Here, wisdom personified is inviting the simple to partake in a relationship that offers spiritual growth and understanding. This invitation echoes the call of Christ in the New Testament, who is the "bread of life" (John 6:35), offering eternal sustenance to those who come to Him.

and drink the wine I have mixed
Wine in the biblical context often symbolizes joy, celebration, and the covenantal blessings of God. The Hebrew word for wine, "yayin," is associated with both physical and spiritual joy. The act of mixing wine, as mentioned here, suggests preparation and intentionality, indicating that wisdom is not only available but has been carefully prepared for those who seek it. In the ancient world, wine was often mixed with spices or water to enhance its flavor and potency, symbolizing the richness and depth of wisdom's offering. This phrase invites the reader to experience the fullness of life that wisdom provides, much like the abundant life promised by Jesus in John 10:10. The imagery of wine also points to the New Covenant, where Jesus offers His blood as the true drink (Matthew 26:27-28), inviting believers into a deeper relationship with God.

Leave your folly behind
The Hebrew word for "folly" is "kesilut," which implies foolishness or a lack of wisdom. In the context of Proverbs, folly is often associated with moral and spiritual ignorance. The call to "leave" suggests a decisive action, a turning away from a path that leads to destruction. Historically, this reflects the ancient Near Eastern wisdom tradition, where wisdom was seen as a path to life and prosperity. The exhortation is not merely to abandon foolish actions but to renounce a lifestyle that is contrary to God's wisdom.

and you will live
The promise of life is a recurring theme in Proverbs, where "life" often signifies more than mere physical existence. The Hebrew word "chayah" encompasses a fullness of life, including spiritual vitality and well-being. In a conservative Christian perspective, this can be seen as an invitation to experience the abundant life that Jesus speaks of in John 10:10. The assurance of life is contingent upon the rejection of folly, emphasizing the transformative power of wisdom.

walk in the way of understanding
The phrase "walk in the way" is a metaphor for one's conduct or lifestyle. The Hebrew word "halak" means to walk or to go, indicating a continuous, deliberate journey. "Understanding" is translated from the Hebrew "binah," which involves discernment and insight. This is not merely intellectual knowledge but a deep, spiritual comprehension that aligns with God's truth. The historical context of Proverbs, as part of the wisdom literature, underscores the importance of living according to divine principles. Walking in understanding is portrayed as a disciplined, intentional pursuit of God's will, leading to a life marked by peace and righteousness.

He who corrects a mocker
The term "mocker" in Hebrew is "לֵץ" (lets), which refers to someone who is scornful or derisive. In the ancient Near Eastern context, mockers were those who not only rejected wisdom but also ridiculed it. The act of correcting such a person is often futile because their heart is hardened against instruction. This phrase highlights the futility and potential backlash of attempting to impart wisdom to someone who is not open to receiving it. The mocker is not merely ignorant but actively resistant to truth, making correction a source of personal shame for the one who attempts it.

brings shame on himself
The Hebrew word for "shame" is "קָלוֹן" (qalon), which implies disgrace or dishonor. In the cultural context of the Bible, honor and shame were significant social constructs. To bring shame upon oneself by engaging with a mocker suggests a loss of dignity and respect. This phrase serves as a cautionary note, warning the wise to discern when their efforts to correct may lead to personal dishonor rather than constructive change.

he who rebukes a wicked man
The word "rebukes" comes from the Hebrew "יוֹכִיחַ" (yokhiakh), meaning to reprove or correct. The "wicked man" is described by the Hebrew word "רָשָׁע" (rasha), which denotes someone who is morally wrong or guilty. In biblical literature, the wicked are often contrasted with the righteous, and their actions are seen as contrary to God's will. Rebuking a wicked person is portrayed as a challenging endeavor because their hearts are often set against righteousness, making them resistant to correction.

taints himself
The term "taints" is translated from the Hebrew "מוּם" (mum), which can mean to blemish or defile. This phrase suggests that engaging with the wicked in an attempt to correct them can lead to one's own moral or spiritual compromise. The implication is that the wickedness of the person being rebuked can have a contaminating effect on the one who seeks to correct them. This serves as a warning to maintain one's own purity and integrity when dealing with those who are entrenched in wickedness.

Do not rebuke a mocker
The term "mocker" in Hebrew is "לֵץ" (lets), which refers to someone who is scornful or derisive, often rejecting wisdom and instruction. In the ancient Near Eastern context, mockers were seen as those who not only rejected wisdom but actively opposed it, often leading others astray. The instruction here is to avoid engaging in futile arguments with such individuals, as their hearts are hardened against correction. This reflects a broader biblical principle of discerning when to speak and when to remain silent, recognizing that some hearts are not yet ready to receive wisdom.

or he will hate you
The reaction of hatred from the mocker is a predictable outcome when they are confronted with truth they are unwilling to accept. This phrase underscores the futility and potential backlash of attempting to correct someone who is not open to change. In a historical context, this reflects the wisdom literature's emphasis on the importance of understanding human nature and the limits of influence. The Bible often contrasts the responses of the wise and the foolish, highlighting that the latter may respond with animosity when their folly is exposed.

Rebuke a wise man
The Hebrew word for "wise" is "חָכָם" (chakam), which denotes someone who is skilled in living, possessing not just knowledge but the ability to apply it rightly. In the biblical tradition, wisdom is highly valued and is often associated with the fear of the Lord. The wise person is characterized by humility and a willingness to learn and grow. This phrase suggests that correction is not only appropriate but beneficial for those who are wise, as they are open to instruction and eager to improve.

and he will love you
The response of love from the wise man indicates a deep appreciation for truth and growth. This love is not merely emotional but is rooted in gratitude for the opportunity to become better. In the scriptural context, this reflects the biblical ideal of community and mutual edification, where individuals help one another grow in righteousness. The wise person's love for correction is a testament to their character and their commitment to living according to God's principles.

Instruct a wise man
The Hebrew word for "instruct" is "יַסֵּר" (yasser), which implies discipline or correction. In the context of wisdom literature, this instruction is not merely academic but involves moral and spiritual guidance. The "wise man" here is someone who already possesses wisdom, which in the Hebrew context is not just intellectual knowledge but a deep understanding of God's ways and a life lived in accordance with His will. The wise are open to correction and eager to grow, reflecting a humility that is central to biblical wisdom.

and he will be wiser still
The promise here is that wisdom is not static; it is dynamic and ever-growing. The Hebrew root for "wiser" is "חָכַם" (chakam), which suggests skill and expertise. This growth in wisdom is a continuous process, indicating that no matter how wise one becomes, there is always more to learn and understand. This aligns with the biblical principle that the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom (Proverbs 9:10), suggesting that a relationship with God is foundational to true wisdom.

teach a righteous man
The term "teach" comes from the Hebrew "לַמֵּד" (lamed), which means to instruct or train. The "righteous man" is one who lives in right standing with God, adhering to His commandments and living a life of integrity. In the biblical context, righteousness is not just about moral behavior but is deeply connected to one's relationship with God. Teaching a righteous man implies that he is receptive to learning and growing in his understanding of God's truth.

and he will increase his learning
The phrase "increase his learning" suggests an expansion of knowledge and understanding. The Hebrew word for "learning" is "לֶקַח" (leqach), which can also mean insight or doctrine. This increase is not just intellectual but involves a deeper comprehension of spiritual truths. The righteous man's openness to teaching results in a greater capacity to grasp and apply God's wisdom in his life. This reflects the biblical theme that those who seek God with a sincere heart will be rewarded with greater understanding and insight.

The fear of the LORD
The phrase "the fear of the LORD" is central to understanding the wisdom literature of the Bible. In Hebrew, the word for "fear" is "yirah," which encompasses a profound respect, reverence, and awe for God. This is not a fear that paralyzes but one that inspires a deep sense of worship and obedience. Historically, this concept is rooted in the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where reverence for God was foundational to the community's identity and moral framework. In a conservative Christian perspective, this fear is seen as the beginning of a relationship with God, acknowledging His sovereignty and holiness.

is the beginning
The word "beginning" in Hebrew is "reshit," which signifies the starting point or the principal part. It implies that the fear of the LORD is not just an initial step but the foundational principle upon which all wisdom is built. In the ancient Near Eastern context, wisdom was highly valued, and its pursuit was considered essential for a well-ordered life. For believers, this underscores the idea that true wisdom cannot be attained apart from a right relationship with God, as He is the source of all truth and understanding.

of wisdom
"Wisdom" in Hebrew is "chokmah," which refers to skillful living and the application of knowledge in daily life. It is more than intellectual understanding; it is practical and moral insight that aligns with God's will. In the biblical context, wisdom is personified and is seen as a divine attribute that God imparts to those who seek Him. From a conservative Christian viewpoint, wisdom is a gift from God that enables believers to navigate life's complexities in a manner that honors Him.

and knowledge
The term "knowledge" in Hebrew is "da'at," which involves perception, discernment, and understanding. It is closely related to wisdom but emphasizes the cognitive aspect of knowing God's truth. In the scriptural context, knowledge is not merely factual but relational, involving an intimate acquaintance with God's character and purposes. For Christians, this knowledge is deepened through the study of Scripture and the guidance of the Holy Spirit.

of the Holy One
"The Holy One" refers to God, emphasizing His purity, otherness, and moral perfection. In Hebrew, "qadosh" is the word for "holy," highlighting God's distinctness from His creation. This title for God underscores His transcendence and the call for His people to reflect His holiness in their lives. In a conservative Christian understanding, recognizing God as the Holy One is crucial for cultivating a life of holiness and devotion.

is understanding
"Understanding" in Hebrew is "binah," which involves insight and discernment. It is the ability to see things as they truly are, from God's perspective. This understanding is not innate but is developed through a relationship with God and a commitment to His ways. In the biblical narrative, understanding is often linked with obedience, as true comprehension of God's will leads to a life that aligns with His purposes. For believers, this understanding is both a gift and a responsibility, calling them to live in a way that reflects God's wisdom and truth.

For through wisdom
The Hebrew word for "wisdom" here is "חָכְמָה" (chokmah), which encompasses not only knowledge but also the skillful application of knowledge in daily life. In the biblical context, wisdom is often personified and is seen as a divine attribute. It is through this divine wisdom that one can navigate the complexities of life. The phrase suggests that wisdom is not merely an intellectual pursuit but a guiding principle that influences every aspect of life, leading to a more fulfilling and righteous existence.

your days will be multiplied
The concept of days being "multiplied" is deeply rooted in the Hebrew understanding of life as a gift from God. The multiplication of days implies not just a longer life but a life filled with purpose and meaning. In the ancient Near Eastern context, longevity was often seen as a sign of divine favor and blessing. This phrase reassures the believer that living in accordance with God's wisdom brings about a life that is not only extended but enriched.

and years will be added to your life
The addition of years is a promise of longevity, echoing the blessings found in the covenantal relationship between God and His people. The Hebrew word for "added" is "יֹסִיפוּ" (yosifu), which conveys the idea of increase or augmentation. This promise is not merely about the quantity of life but also the quality. In the scriptural context, a life lived in wisdom is one that is aligned with God's will, resulting in peace, prosperity, and spiritual fulfillment. The assurance of added years serves as an encouragement to pursue wisdom diligently, trusting in God's provision and timing.

If you are wise
The Hebrew word for "wise" here is "חָכָם" (chakam), which implies not just possessing knowledge, but applying it skillfully in life. Wisdom in the biblical sense is deeply rooted in the fear of the Lord (Proverbs 9:10). It is a practical, moral, and spiritual understanding that guides one's actions. In the ancient Near Eastern context, wisdom was highly valued and often associated with successful living and leadership. The phrase suggests that wisdom is a personal responsibility and benefit, emphasizing the individual nature of spiritual growth and understanding.

you are wise to your own advantage
This phrase underscores the personal benefit of wisdom. The Hebrew concept here is that wisdom is inherently rewarding. It brings about a life of peace, prosperity, and favor with God and man. The advantage is not merely material but encompasses spiritual and emotional well-being. In a conservative Christian perspective, this aligns with the New Testament teaching that wisdom from above is pure, peace-loving, and full of mercy (James 3:17). The advantage is eternal, impacting one's relationship with God and others.

but if you scoff
The term "scoff" comes from the Hebrew "לוּץ" (luts), meaning to mock or deride. A scoffer is someone who arrogantly dismisses wisdom and instruction. In the biblical context, scoffing is seen as a serious offense because it reflects a heart hardened against God. Historically, scoffers were often those who opposed the prophets and rejected divine truth. This attitude leads to spiritual blindness and separation from God. The conservative Christian view warns against such prideful rejection of God's wisdom, as it leads to spiritual ruin.

you alone will bear the consequences
The phrase highlights personal accountability. The Hebrew root "נָשָׂא" (nasa) implies carrying or bearing a burden. In the biblical worldview, each person is responsible for their actions and attitudes. The consequences of scoffing are not just temporal but eternal, affecting one's soul and standing before God. This reflects the principle of sowing and reaping found throughout Scripture (Galatians 6:7). In a conservative Christian understanding, this serves as a sobering reminder of the importance of humility and the pursuit of godly wisdom, as each individual will ultimately face the consequences of their choices before God.

The woman named Folly
In the Hebrew text, the word for "Folly" is "kesilut," which conveys a sense of foolishness or lack of wisdom. This personification of folly as a woman contrasts with the earlier depiction of wisdom as a noble woman in Proverbs 9:1. The use of a female figure here is not to demean women but to create a vivid contrast between wisdom and folly, both of which are portrayed as women inviting people to follow their paths. Historically, this literary device was common in ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature, where abstract concepts were often personified to make them more relatable and memorable.

is loud
The Hebrew word "hamah" suggests a sense of being boisterous or clamorous. This implies that Folly is not subtle or quiet; rather, she is attention-seeking and disruptive. In the cultural context of ancient Israel, loudness was often associated with a lack of self-control and decorum, traits that were not valued in a society that prized wisdom and understanding. The loudness of Folly serves as a warning to the reader to be cautious of those who make a lot of noise but offer little substance.

she is naive
The term "peti" in Hebrew refers to someone who is simple or gullible, lacking in discernment. This naivety is not merely a lack of knowledge but a willful ignorance, a refusal to seek or accept wisdom. In the scriptural context, naivety is often linked with moral and spiritual immaturity, a state that leaves one vulnerable to deception and sin. The portrayal of Folly as naive underscores the danger of following her path, as it leads to a life devoid of true understanding and insight.

and knows nothing
The phrase "knows nothing" is a strong indictment of Folly's complete lack of wisdom or understanding. In Hebrew, "yada" means to know, and its negation here emphasizes an absolute void of knowledge. This is not just an intellectual deficiency but a spiritual and moral one as well. In the broader biblical narrative, knowledge is often associated with a relationship with God and adherence to His commandments. Thus, to "know nothing" is to be disconnected from the source of true wisdom and life. This serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of rejecting wisdom and embracing folly.

She sits
The phrase "She sits" suggests a position of authority and intentionality. In the Hebrew context, the verb "sits" (יָשַׁב, yashab) often implies dwelling or remaining in a place with purpose. This is not a casual or temporary position; it indicates a settled presence. In the biblical narrative, sitting can also denote teaching or judgment, as seen in the posture of rabbis or judges. Here, it reflects the deliberate and enticing posture of Folly, contrasting with Wisdom, who also calls out to the simple.

at the door of her house
The "door of her house" signifies a place of entrance and invitation. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the door was a significant place for social interaction and decision-making. It was where transactions occurred and where one could observe and engage with passersby. The house represents a domain or sphere of influence. In this context, Folly's house is a metaphor for her realm of influence, where she seeks to lure the unsuspecting. The door is a threshold, symbolizing the choice between entering into folly or seeking wisdom.

on a seat
The "seat" implies a position of prominence and visibility. In Hebrew, the word for seat (כִּסֵּא, kisse) can also mean throne, suggesting authority and power. This imagery conveys that Folly is not hidden; she is prominently displayed, making her allure accessible and appealing. The seat is a place of rest and permanence, indicating that Folly is established and entrenched in her ways, offering a counterfeit sense of stability.

in the heights of the city
The "heights of the city" refers to a place of visibility and influence. Cities in ancient times were often built on elevated ground for defense and prominence. The heights were strategic locations, often associated with places of worship or significant public gatherings. By positioning herself in the heights, Folly seeks to maximize her influence and visibility, mimicking the call of Wisdom, who also positions herself in prominent places (Proverbs 8:2). This highlights the pervasive and competing voices in the world, urging the reader to discern between the call of wisdom and the allure of folly.

calling out
The phrase "calling out" suggests an active and intentional effort to capture attention. In the Hebrew context, the verb used here is "קָרָא" (qara), which means to call, proclaim, or summon. This implies a sense of urgency and importance in the message being delivered. Historically, calling out in public spaces was a common method of communication, especially in ancient cities where town criers or heralds would announce news or warnings. In the spiritual sense, this calling out can be seen as a metaphor for wisdom's persistent invitation to those who are willing to listen and heed its guidance.

to those who pass by
This phrase indicates the target audience of the call—those who are in transit, moving along their life's journey. The Hebrew word "עֹבְרֵי" (ovrei) refers to those who are passing through or crossing over. It suggests a transient state, highlighting the fleeting nature of opportunities to embrace wisdom. In a broader scriptural context, this can be seen as a reminder that life is a journey, and wisdom is available to all who are willing to pause and consider its value, even amidst the busyness of life.

who make their paths straight
The phrase "who make their paths straight" refers to individuals who are actively seeking to live righteously and with purpose. The Hebrew word "יְיַשְּׁרוּ" (yesharu) means to make straight, level, or right. This is often associated with moral and ethical living, aligning one's life with divine principles. In the historical and scriptural context, making one's path straight is akin to preparing the way for the Lord, as seen in Isaiah 40:3. It signifies a life of integrity and intentionality, where one's actions and decisions are aligned with God's will. This phrase serves as an encouragement to pursue a life of wisdom, ensuring that one's journey is directed by divine truth and righteousness.

Whoever is simple, let him turn in here!
Whoever is simple
The term "simple" in this context is derived from the Hebrew word "pethi," which refers to someone who is naive or lacking in judgment. In the book of Proverbs, the "simple" are often portrayed as those who are easily led astray due to their lack of wisdom and discernment. This call to the simple is an invitation to those who are open to instruction and willing to learn. From a conservative Christian perspective, this highlights the importance of humility and the recognition of one's need for divine wisdom. It is a reminder that God’s wisdom is available to all who seek it, regardless of their current state of understanding.

let him turn in here
The phrase "turn in here" suggests a deliberate action or choice to seek wisdom. In the ancient Near Eastern context, turning into a house or a place of gathering was often associated with seeking counsel or hospitality. This invitation is extended by Wisdom herself, personified in the earlier verses of Proverbs 9, who calls out to those who are willing to leave their simple ways behind. The act of turning signifies repentance and a change of direction, which is a central theme in Christian teaching. It underscores the belief that true wisdom begins with the fear of the Lord and a conscious decision to follow His ways. This call to "turn in" is an open invitation to embrace a life of wisdom, which leads to understanding and ultimately, to life itself.

Stolen water
This phrase evokes the imagery of something taken illicitly, suggesting an act of theft or deceit. In the Hebrew context, "water" often symbolizes life, sustenance, and purity. The act of stealing water implies a violation of trust and a pursuit of satisfaction through wrongful means. Historically, water was a precious resource in the arid regions of the ancient Near East, making its theft a serious offense. Spiritually, this phrase warns against seeking fulfillment in ways that are contrary to God's commandments, highlighting the allure of sin and its deceptive promise of satisfaction.

is sweet
The sweetness of stolen water represents the initial pleasure or thrill that comes from engaging in forbidden activities. This sweetness is deceptive, as it masks the eventual bitterness and consequences of sin. The Hebrew word for "sweet" can also imply something pleasant or desirable, which aligns with the human tendency to be drawn to what is forbidden. This phrase serves as a caution against the temporary and misleading nature of sinful pleasures, urging believers to seek true satisfaction in righteousness and obedience to God.

and bread eaten in secret
Bread, a staple of life, symbolizes basic sustenance and provision. Eating it "in secret" suggests an act of concealment, hinting at guilt or shame associated with the action. In the cultural and historical context of the Bible, sharing a meal was a communal and open activity, so eating in secret implies a breach of community and trust. This phrase warns against the isolation and hidden nature of sin, which often leads individuals away from fellowship with God and others.

is pleasant
The word "pleasant" here underscores the temporary enjoyment derived from secretive or sinful actions. However, this pleasure is fleeting and ultimately unsatisfying. The Hebrew root of "pleasant" can also mean agreeable or delightful, which reflects the seductive nature of sin. This phrase serves as a reminder that while sin may seem enjoyable at first, it ultimately leads to spiritual emptiness and separation from God. The verse as a whole encourages believers to seek lasting joy and fulfillment in God's ways, rather than in the deceptive allure of sin.

But they do not know
This phrase highlights the ignorance or lack of awareness of those who are enticed by folly. In the Hebrew text, the word for "know" is "yada," which implies an intimate understanding or recognition. The use of "do not know" suggests a willful ignorance or a spiritual blindness. In a conservative Christian perspective, this can be seen as a warning against the dangers of ignoring divine wisdom and the consequences of sin. The lack of knowledge here is not just intellectual but moral and spiritual, indicating a separation from God's truth.

that the dead are there
The term "dead" in Hebrew is "rephaim," which can refer to shades or spirits of the dead, often associated with a state of powerlessness or inactivity. This phrase serves as a stark warning that those who follow the path of folly are essentially aligning themselves with death. In a broader biblical context, death is often symbolic of separation from God, the source of life. The imagery here is vivid, suggesting that the house of folly is not just a place of poor choices but a realm of spiritual death.

that her guests
The word "guests" implies those who have accepted an invitation, suggesting a voluntary association with folly. In the Hebrew context, a guest is someone who partakes in the hospitality of another, indicating a level of comfort or acceptance. This phrase warns that those who choose to associate with folly are not merely passersby but have become part of her household. From a conservative Christian viewpoint, this serves as a caution against becoming comfortable with sin and the ways of the world.

are in the depths of Sheol
"Sheol" is a Hebrew term often translated as the grave or the abode of the dead. It represents a place of darkness and separation from the living. The "depths of Sheol" suggests the lowest parts, emphasizing the severity and finality of the consequences of following folly. In the biblical narrative, Sheol is often depicted as a place devoid of God's presence, reinforcing the idea that choosing folly leads to spiritual death and eternal separation from God. This serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of seeking wisdom and aligning oneself with God's ways to avoid such a fate.