This is the word
The phrase "This is the word" signifies a divine communication, a message directly from God. In Hebrew, the term for "word" is "dabar," which implies not just a spoken word but an active, dynamic force. It is a reminder of the power and authority of God's word, which is living and effective. This introduction sets the stage for a prophetic message that carries the weight of divine authority and purpose.

that came to Jeremiah
Jeremiah, known as the "weeping prophet," was chosen by God to deliver messages to the people of Judah. His name in Hebrew, "Yirmeyahu," means "Yahweh will exalt" or "Yahweh throws," indicating his role as a messenger of God's exaltation and judgment. Jeremiah's life and ministry were marked by obedience and perseverance amidst persecution, reflecting the cost of being a true prophet of God.

from the LORD
The term "LORD" in all capital letters represents the sacred name of God, "YHWH" or "Yahweh." This name is deeply significant, denoting God's eternal, self-existent nature and His covenant relationship with Israel. It emphasizes that the message Jeremiah received was not of human origin but from the sovereign Creator and Sustainer of all.

when Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon
Nebuchadnezzar, a historical figure, was the powerful king of Babylon, known for his military conquests and the expansion of the Babylonian Empire. His name, derived from the Akkadian "Nabu-kudurri-usur," means "Nabu, protect my boundary." His role in biblical history is significant as an instrument of God's judgment against Judah, fulfilling the prophecies of Jeremiah.

all his army
The mention of "all his army" highlights the formidable military force of Babylon. This phrase underscores the overwhelming power and might that Nebuchadnezzar wielded, which was used to execute God's judgment. It serves as a reminder of the futility of relying on human strength against the divine will.

and all the kingdoms and peoples in his dominion
This phrase indicates the vastness of Nebuchadnezzar's empire, which included various kingdoms and peoples. It reflects the historical reality of Babylon's dominance during this period and the fulfillment of God's warning that many nations would serve Babylon. It also illustrates the theme of God's sovereignty over nations and rulers.

were fighting against Jerusalem
The siege of Jerusalem was a pivotal event in biblical history, marking the culmination of Judah's disobedience and the fulfillment of prophetic warnings. The Hebrew term for "fighting" conveys a sense of ongoing conflict and struggle. This phrase serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of turning away from God and the reality of divine judgment.

and all its surrounding cities
The inclusion of "all its surrounding cities" emphasizes the widespread impact of Babylon's campaign. It was not only Jerusalem that faced destruction but also the neighboring cities, highlighting the comprehensive nature of the judgment. This detail underscores the seriousness of the situation and the thoroughness of God's discipline.

This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says
This phrase establishes the divine authority and origin of the message. The Hebrew word for "LORD" is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. "The God of Israel" highlights the special relationship between God and His chosen people, Israel. This introduction serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and His ongoing communication with His people, underscoring the importance of the message that follows.

Go and speak to Zedekiah king of Judah
The command to "go and speak" indicates a direct and personal communication from God to the prophet Jeremiah. Zedekiah, the last king of Judah, reigned during a tumultuous period marked by political instability and impending judgment. His reign is historically significant as it leads to the Babylonian exile. This phrase highlights the role of prophets as God's messengers, tasked with delivering His word to leaders and nations, regardless of the potential danger or unpopularity of the message.

Tell him that this is what the LORD says
Repetition of "this is what the LORD says" reinforces the divine origin and authority of the message. It serves as a solemn reminder that the words spoken by Jeremiah are not his own but are directly from God. This phrase underscores the prophet's role as a mouthpiece for God, emphasizing the seriousness and urgency of the message being delivered to Zedekiah.

Behold, I am about to deliver this city into the hand of the king of Babylon
The word "Behold" is a call to attention, urging the listener to pay close heed to the forthcoming declaration. The phrase "I am about to deliver" indicates God's active role in the unfolding events, affirming His control over history. "This city" refers to Jerusalem, the spiritual and political center of Judah. The "king of Babylon" is Nebuchadnezzar, whose conquest of Jerusalem marks a pivotal moment in biblical history. This phrase serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of disobedience and the fulfillment of prophetic warnings.

and he will burn it down
The phrase "he will burn it down" conveys the totality of the impending destruction. Fire, in biblical terms, often symbolizes judgment and purification. The burning of Jerusalem signifies not only the physical destruction of the city but also the spiritual and moral decay that led to such judgment. This phrase serves as a stark warning of the consequences of turning away from God, while also pointing to the hope of eventual restoration and renewal through repentance and faith.

You will not escape from his grasp
This phrase speaks to the certainty of God's prophetic word through Jeremiah. The Hebrew root for "escape" is "מָלַט" (malat), which often implies a narrow or miraculous deliverance. In this context, it underscores the inevitability of the judgment pronounced by God. Historically, this reflects the siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar, where escape was impossible due to the Babylonian military might. Spiritually, it serves as a reminder of the inescapability of divine justice when one is in rebellion against God.

but will surely be captured and delivered into his hand
The phrase "surely be captured" uses the Hebrew "תָּפַשׂ" (taphas), meaning to seize or take hold of. This emphasizes the certainty and completeness of the capture. "Delivered into his hand" suggests a transfer of power and control, indicating that God is allowing this as part of His divine plan. Historically, this was fulfilled when King Zedekiah was captured and brought before Nebuchadnezzar. Theologically, it illustrates the consequences of disobedience to God's commands.

You will see the king of Babylon eye to eye
The phrase "eye to eye" is a Hebrew idiom that implies a direct and personal encounter. This was a significant prophecy because it foretold the humiliation and personal confrontation Zedekiah would face. In the ancient Near Eastern context, seeing a conqueror "eye to eye" often meant submission and defeat. Spiritually, it serves as a metaphor for the unavoidable confrontation with the consequences of one's actions.

and he will speak with you face to face
"Face to face" further emphasizes the personal nature of the encounter. The Hebrew "פָּנִים" (panim) for "face" suggests presence and personal interaction. This encounter would not be through intermediaries, highlighting the gravity of the situation. Historically, this was a moment of reckoning for Zedekiah, and spiritually, it reminds believers of the personal nature of accountability before God.

and you will go to Babylon
This phrase is a direct prophecy of exile. The Hebrew "בָּבֶל" (Bavel) for Babylon was synonymous with judgment and captivity for the Israelites. Going to Babylon was not just a physical relocation but a spiritual and cultural exile, representing the consequences of turning away from God. Historically, this was fulfilled when Zedekiah was taken to Babylon after the fall of Jerusalem. Theologically, it serves as a warning of the consequences of persistent disobedience and the hope of eventual restoration, as God’s plans always include redemption for those who return to Him.

Yet hear the word of the LORD
This phrase serves as a divine imperative, emphasizing the importance and authority of God's message. The Hebrew word for "hear" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which implies not just listening but also obeying. In the context of ancient Israel, hearing the word of the LORD was a call to action and repentance. It underscores the seriousness of the prophetic message and the expectation that Zedekiah should heed God's warning and guidance.

O Zedekiah king of Judah!
Zedekiah was the last king of Judah before the Babylonian exile. His reign was marked by political instability and spiritual decline. The mention of his name and title highlights the personal nature of God's message. Historically, Zedekiah was a vassal king under Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, and his decisions had significant consequences for the nation. This address serves as a reminder of his responsibility and the weight of his leadership in the eyes of God.

This is what the LORD says concerning you
This phrase introduces a direct and personal message from God to Zedekiah. The use of "the LORD" (YHWH) signifies the covenantal relationship between God and His people. It is a reminder that God is actively involved in the affairs of nations and individuals. The phrase "concerning you" indicates that God is aware of Zedekiah's specific situation and has a tailored message for him, reflecting God's omniscience and personal care.

You will not die by the sword
This promise is significant in the context of impending judgment and war. The Hebrew word for "sword" is "חֶרֶב" (chereb), often symbolizing warfare and divine judgment. Historically, Jerusalem was under siege by Babylon, and death by the sword was a common fate for defeated kings. However, God's assurance to Zedekiah that he would not die by the sword is a demonstration of divine mercy amidst judgment. It suggests that while Zedekiah would face consequences, God had a specific plan for his end, which would not include a violent death. This promise can be seen as a call to trust in God's sovereignty and mercy, even in dire circumstances.

you will die in peace
This phrase is a promise from God to King Zedekiah, despite the impending doom of Jerusalem. The Hebrew word for "peace" here is "shalom," which encompasses not just the absence of conflict but a sense of completeness, welfare, and tranquility. In the context of Zedekiah's life, this promise is significant because it contrasts with the violent and tumultuous events surrounding the fall of Jerusalem. Historically, Zedekiah's reign was marked by rebellion against Babylon, leading to the city's destruction. Yet, God's assurance of a peaceful death suggests a measure of divine grace and mercy, even amidst judgment. This reflects the broader biblical theme that God's plans for His people ultimately aim for their welfare and restoration, even when they face consequences for their actions.

And as spices were burned for your fathers, the former kings who preceded you
The burning of spices was a customary practice in ancient Near Eastern funerary rites, symbolizing honor and reverence for the deceased. The Hebrew term for "spices" is "besamim," which refers to aromatic substances used in burial ceremonies. This practice is indicative of the respect and dignity afforded to kings, even in death. The mention of "your fathers, the former kings" situates Zedekiah within the Davidic lineage, highlighting the continuity of God's covenant with David's house. Despite Zedekiah's failures, this phrase underscores the enduring nature of God's promises and the honor that accompanies being part of His chosen lineage.

so they will burn spices for you
This continuation of the promise assures Zedekiah that he will receive the same honor in death as his predecessors. The act of burning spices signifies a respectful and ceremonious burial, which was a significant aspect of royal funerals. In the context of ancient Israel, where burial practices were deeply tied to one's legacy and honor, this assurance would have been profoundly comforting. It suggests that despite the political and personal failures of Zedekiah's reign, he would not be deprived of the dignity due to a king of Judah. This reflects the biblical principle that God's grace can extend beyond our failures, offering redemption and honor even when we fall short.

and they will lament for you, ‘Alas, O master!’
The lamentation, "Alas, O master!" is a traditional expression of mourning and respect. The Hebrew word "hoy" is an exclamation of woe or grief, often used in funeral dirges. This public expression of sorrow indicates that Zedekiah's death would be recognized and mourned by his people, affirming his status and the loss felt by the nation. In the broader biblical narrative, lamentation is a powerful expression of communal grief and acknowledgment of loss. It serves as a reminder of the human condition and the need for divine intervention and comfort. This phrase highlights the respect and affection that Zedekiah would receive, despite the circumstances of his reign, pointing to the hope of restoration and reconciliation with God.

For I have spoken the word, declares the LORD
This declaration underscores the authority and certainty of God's promise. The phrase "I have spoken the word" is a divine affirmation that what God has decreed will come to pass. The Hebrew word "dabar" for "word" signifies not just a spoken utterance but a powerful, creative force that accomplishes what it intends. In the context of Jeremiah's prophecies, this assurance from the LORD serves as a reminder of His sovereignty and faithfulness. Despite the impending judgment on Jerusalem, God's word remains steadfast and true. This reflects the conservative Christian belief in the inerrancy and reliability of Scripture, emphasizing that God's promises are trustworthy and will be fulfilled in His perfect timing.

Jeremiah the prophet
The name "Jeremiah" in Hebrew is "Yirmeyahu," meaning "Yahweh will exalt" or "Yahweh throws." Jeremiah was a major prophet in the Old Testament, known for his messages of warning and hope. His role as a prophet was to be a mouthpiece for God, delivering divine messages to the people of Judah. Jeremiah's ministry was marked by his deep emotional connection to his message and his people, often referred to as the "weeping prophet" due to his lamentations over the impending judgment on Judah. His life and work remind us of the importance of faithfulness to God's calling, even in the face of adversity.

relayed all this
The act of relaying or delivering a message is central to the role of a prophet. In Hebrew, the word for "relayed" can be understood as "to speak" or "to declare." This emphasizes the responsibility of the prophet to accurately convey God's words without alteration. Jeremiah's faithfulness in relaying God's message underscores the importance of obedience and integrity in communicating divine truth. It serves as a reminder that God's messages are not to be taken lightly, and those who are called to speak on His behalf must do so with diligence and reverence.

to Zedekiah king of Judah
Zedekiah, whose name means "Yahweh is my righteousness," was the last king of Judah before the Babylonian exile. His reign was marked by political instability and spiritual decline. Despite his name, Zedekiah struggled with faithfulness to God, often vacillating between allegiance to Babylon and rebellion. Jeremiah's interactions with Zedekiah highlight the tension between divine sovereignty and human authority. The king's failure to heed Jeremiah's warnings ultimately led to the fall of Jerusalem, illustrating the consequences of ignoring God's prophetic word.

in Jerusalem
Jerusalem, the city of David, holds significant historical and theological importance in the Bible. It was the center of Jewish worship, the location of the Temple, and the political capital of Judah. In Jeremiah's time, Jerusalem was under threat from Babylonian forces, and its impending destruction was a central theme of Jeremiah's prophecies. The mention of Jerusalem serves as a poignant reminder of the city's spiritual significance and the tragic consequences of the nation's disobedience. It also foreshadows the hope of restoration and renewal that would come through God's promises, ultimately fulfilled in the New Jerusalem described in Revelation.

as the army of the king of Babylon
The phrase highlights the formidable military force of Babylon, led by King Nebuchadnezzar. Historically, Babylon was a dominant power in the ancient Near East, known for its military prowess and strategic conquests. The Hebrew term for "army" (חַיִל, chayil) often denotes strength and valor, emphasizing the might of Babylon's forces. This context underscores the dire situation for Judah, facing an overwhelming adversary.

was fighting against Jerusalem
Jerusalem, the spiritual and political heart of Judah, was under siege. The Hebrew root for "fighting" (לָחַם, lacham) conveys a sense of intense struggle and warfare. This siege was a fulfillment of prophetic warnings given by Jeremiah, illustrating the consequences of Judah's disobedience to God. The city's resistance symbolizes the last stand of a nation that had repeatedly turned away from divine guidance.

and the remaining cities of Judah
This phrase indicates that much of Judah had already fallen to Babylon. The "remaining cities" were the last bastions of hope for the kingdom. Historically, Judah's landscape was dotted with fortified cities, but by this time, most had succumbed to Babylonian might. This remnant status serves as a poignant reminder of the nation's diminished state due to its spiritual and moral decline.

against Lachish and Azekah
Lachish and Azekah were significant fortified cities in Judah, strategically important due to their locations. Archaeological excavations at Lachish have uncovered evidence of the Babylonian siege, including the famous Lachish Letters, which provide insight into the desperate situation. Azekah, mentioned in other biblical accounts, was also a key defensive site. These cities' mention highlights their role as critical defensive outposts, now under severe threat.

For these were the only fortified cities remaining in Judah
This statement underscores the gravity of Judah's situation. The Hebrew word for "fortified" (בָּצוּר, batsur) implies strength and protection, yet only these cities remained as such. The emphasis on "only" indicates the near-total conquest of Judah, with Jerusalem, Lachish, and Azekah as the last holdouts. This scenario reflects the fulfillment of Jeremiah's prophecies and serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of forsaking God's covenant. The historical context of these sieges illustrates the relentless advance of Babylon and the impending judgment upon Judah, calling for reflection on the importance of faithfulness and obedience to God.

After King Zedekiah had made a covenant
The phrase "After King Zedekiah had made a covenant" introduces us to a significant moment in the history of Judah. The Hebrew word for "covenant" is "בְּרִית" (berit), which implies a solemn agreement or promise, often with divine implications. In the ancient Near Eastern context, covenants were binding and sacred, often sealed with rituals or sacrifices. King Zedekiah, the last king of Judah, is attempting to align his actions with the will of God, reflecting a moment of potential repentance and reform. This covenant is a pivotal point, as it shows Zedekiah's acknowledgment of the need for change and obedience to God's laws, particularly concerning the treatment of Hebrew slaves.

with all the people in Jerusalem
The phrase "with all the people in Jerusalem" indicates that this covenant was not a private or isolated event but involved the entire community. The inclusion of "all the people" suggests a communal responsibility and a collective return to the covenantal laws given by God. Jerusalem, the spiritual and political center of Judah, is the focal point of this reform. This highlights the importance of community in the biblical narrative, where the actions of the leaders and the people are intertwined. The covenant's communal nature underscores the biblical principle that societal change requires collective commitment and action.

to proclaim liberty
The phrase "to proclaim liberty" is rooted in the Hebrew word "דְּרוֹר" (deror), which means freedom or release. This proclamation is reminiscent of the Year of Jubilee described in Leviticus 25, where liberty was to be proclaimed throughout the land, and slaves were to be set free. This act of proclaiming liberty is a powerful symbol of God's desire for justice and freedom for His people. It reflects the heart of God, who hears the cries of the oppressed and calls for their liberation. In a spiritual sense, this liberty points to the ultimate freedom found in Christ, who liberates us from the bondage of sin.

to the slaves
The phrase "to the slaves" refers to the Hebrew slaves who were to be set free as part of this covenant. In the ancient world, slavery was a common practice, but the Mosaic Law provided specific regulations to protect Hebrew slaves, including their release in the seventh year (Exodus 21:2). The mention of "slaves" here highlights the social injustices that had crept into Judah, as the people had failed to observe these laws. This call to free the slaves is a call to return to God's righteous standards and to restore dignity and freedom to those who had been oppressed. It serves as a reminder of God's compassion and justice, urging His people to reflect His character in their societal structures.

that each man should free his Hebrew slaves, both male and female
This phrase underscores a significant moment in the history of Israel, where the Lord commands the release of Hebrew slaves. The Hebrew word for "free" is "שָׁלַח" (shalach), which means to let go or send away. This command reflects God's desire for justice and mercy, emphasizing the importance of freedom and dignity for every individual. The historical context here is crucial; during this time, slavery was a common practice, yet God called His people to a higher standard, reminding them of their own deliverance from Egypt.

so that no one should hold his fellow Jew in bondage
The phrase "hold his fellow Jew in bondage" highlights the relational aspect among the Israelites. The Hebrew word for "bondage" is "עֲבֹדָה" (avodah), which can also mean service or labor. This command is a call to remember the covenant community, where each person is a brother or sister, not merely a servant. It reflects the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor as oneself, a theme that runs throughout Scripture. Historically, this was a radical departure from the norms of surrounding nations, showcasing the distinctiveness of God's people and His laws.

So all the officials and all the people who entered into the covenant
This phrase highlights the collective commitment of both the leaders and the general populace. The Hebrew word for "officials" (שָׂרִים, sarim) often refers to those in positions of authority or leadership. In the context of ancient Judah, these were likely the king's advisors or nobles who had significant influence over national decisions. The inclusion of "all the people" (כָּל־הָעָם, kol-ha'am) emphasizes a communal action, suggesting a widespread acknowledgment of the covenant's importance. Historically, covenants were solemn agreements, often sealed with religious rituals, indicating a deep spiritual and social commitment.

agreed that everyone should free his Hebrew slaves, male and female
The phrase "agreed that everyone should free his Hebrew slaves" reflects a return to the Mosaic Law, specifically the laws concerning the release of Hebrew slaves after six years of service (Exodus 21:2). The Hebrew word for "free" (שָׁלַח, shalach) implies sending away or releasing, which in this context is an act of liberation. This action was not merely a social reform but a spiritual renewal, aligning the people with God's commandments. The inclusion of "male and female" underscores the comprehensive nature of this liberation, ensuring that both genders were granted freedom, reflecting God's impartial justice.

so that no one should enslave his fellow Jew
The phrase "so that no one should enslave his fellow Jew" highlights the ethical and spiritual dimensions of the covenant. The term "fellow Jew" (אָחִיו, achiv) is significant, as it denotes a brotherly relationship among the Israelites, rooted in their shared covenant with God. This reflects the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor and treating others with dignity and respect. Historically, this was a radical move towards social equality and justice, challenging the prevailing norms of the time. It serves as a reminder of the Israelites' own deliverance from slavery in Egypt, calling them to emulate God's mercy and justice in their own society.

but later they changed their minds
This phrase highlights the fickle nature of human commitment and the struggle between divine commands and human desires. The Hebrew root for "changed their minds" is "שׁוּב" (shuv), which means to turn back or return. This word is often used in the context of repentance or turning back to God, but here it is used negatively, indicating a regression to previous sinful behavior. Historically, this reflects the Israelites' repeated pattern of disobedience despite God's clear instructions, showcasing the tension between divine law and human will.

and took back the male and female slaves
The act of taking back the slaves signifies a breach of covenant and a failure to uphold justice and mercy, which are central themes in the prophetic literature. The Hebrew word for "took back" is "שׁוּב" (shuv), the same as "changed their minds," emphasizing the reversal of their initial righteous decision. The mention of "male and female slaves" underscores the comprehensive nature of their sin, affecting all individuals regardless of gender. This reflects the broader societal norms of the time, where slavery was a common practice, yet God called His people to a higher standard of freedom and equality.

they had freed
The initial act of freeing the slaves was in obedience to God's command, reflecting a moment of alignment with divine will. The Hebrew word for "freed" is "שָׁלַח" (shalach), meaning to send away or release. This act was supposed to be a reflection of the Jubilee laws found in Leviticus 25, where slaves were to be released every seventh year. The failure to maintain this freedom highlights the Israelites' struggle to live out God's laws consistently, serving as a reminder of the importance of perseverance in righteousness.

and forced them back into slavery
This phrase illustrates the coercive power dynamics at play and the moral failure of the leaders. The Hebrew word for "forced" is "כָּבַשׁ" (kabash), which means to subdue or bring into bondage. This action is a direct violation of God's covenant, as it disregards the dignity and freedom of individuals. The historical context reveals a society grappling with issues of power, control, and justice, where God's call for liberation and compassion was often overshadowed by human greed and self-interest. This serves as a powerful reminder of the need for integrity and faithfulness in following God's commands.

Then the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying
Then the word of the LORD
This phrase signifies a divine communication, emphasizing the authority and sacredness of the message. In Hebrew, "word" is "dabar," which implies not just a spoken word but an active, dynamic force. The "word of the LORD" is a recurring theme in the prophetic books, indicating that the message is not of human origin but divinely inspired. This underscores the belief in the Bible as the infallible Word of God, a cornerstone of Conservative Christian theology.

came to Jeremiah
The verb "came" suggests a direct and personal encounter between God and the prophet. Jeremiah, whose name means "Yahweh exalts," was chosen by God to deliver His messages to the people of Judah. This personal communication highlights the intimate relationship between God and His prophets, who are called to be His mouthpieces. It also reflects the historical context of the Babylonian threat, where God used Jeremiah to warn and guide His people.

from the LORD
The repetition of "the LORD" (YHWH) emphasizes the source of the message. YHWH is the covenant name of God, reminding the Israelites of His eternal and unchanging nature. This repetition serves to reinforce the divine authority behind the message, leaving no doubt that it is God Himself who speaks. In a historical context, this was crucial for the Israelites, who were often tempted to follow other gods.

saying
The word "saying" introduces the content of the divine message. It prepares the reader for the specific instructions or revelations that follow. In the prophetic tradition, this often includes calls to repentance, warnings of judgment, or promises of hope. The use of "saying" indicates that what follows is not merely a suggestion but a command or declaration from God, demanding attention and obedience. This aligns with the Conservative Christian view that Scripture is authoritative and demands a response from its hearers.

Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel
This phrase establishes the divine authority behind the message. The Hebrew word for "LORD" is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. "The God of Israel" underscores the special relationship between God and His chosen people, Israel. This introduction serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and His role as the ultimate lawgiver and judge. Historically, this phrase would have been a powerful reminder to the Israelites of their unique covenant with God, calling them to obedience and faithfulness.

I made a covenant with your fathers
The word "covenant" in Hebrew is "berit," which signifies a solemn agreement or promise. This covenant refers to the Mosaic Covenant, established at Mount Sinai, where God gave the Law to the Israelites. It was a binding agreement that required Israel's obedience in exchange for God's protection and blessing. The mention of "your fathers" connects the current generation to their ancestors, reminding them of their shared history and responsibilities. This historical context highlights the continuity of God's promises and the enduring nature of His expectations for His people.

when I brought them out of the land of Egypt
This phrase recalls the Exodus, a foundational event in Israel's history. The deliverance from Egypt was not just a physical liberation but a spiritual one, symbolizing God's power and faithfulness. The Hebrew word for "brought" is "yatsa," meaning to go out or come forth, emphasizing God's active role in their deliverance. This historical context serves as a reminder of God's past faithfulness and His ability to save, encouraging the Israelites to trust in His promises and commands.

out of the house of slavery
The "house of slavery" refers to the Israelites' bondage in Egypt, a period of suffering and oppression. The Hebrew word for "slavery" is "avadim," which can also mean servants or workers. This phrase highlights the contrast between their past condition and the freedom God provided. It serves as a reminder of the transformation God brought about, urging the Israelites to live in accordance with the freedom and identity He bestowed upon them. This context underscores the importance of gratitude and obedience in response to God's deliverance.

saying
The word "saying" introduces the specific content of God's message. In Hebrew, it is "lemor," a common term used to indicate direct speech. This signals that what follows is a direct command or instruction from God, carrying His authority and requiring careful attention and obedience. The use of "saying" emphasizes the clarity and intentionality of God's communication, reminding the Israelites of the importance of listening to and heeding His words.

Every seventh year
This phrase refers to the sabbatical year, a concept rooted in the Mosaic Law, specifically in Exodus 21:2 and Deuteronomy 15:12. The Hebrew word for "seventh" is "שְׁבִיעִי" (shevi'i), which signifies completion and rest, echoing the creation narrative where God rested on the seventh day. The sabbatical year was a time of release and renewal, reflecting God's provision and mercy. It was a reminder to the Israelites of their dependence on God and His sovereignty over time and resources.

you must free
The command to "free" is derived from the Hebrew word "שָׁלַח" (shalach), meaning to send away or release. This directive underscores the importance of liberty and justice in God's covenant community. It reflects God's deliverance of Israel from Egypt, serving as a perpetual reminder of His grace and the call to emulate His compassion by releasing those in bondage.

any fellow Hebrew
The term "fellow Hebrew" emphasizes the communal and familial nature of the Israelite society. The Hebrew word "עִבְרִי" (ivri) denotes a member of the Hebrew people, highlighting the shared identity and covenant relationship among the Israelites. This phrase calls for solidarity and mutual care within the community, recognizing each person as a brother or sister in faith.

who has sold himself to you
This phrase addresses the practice of indentured servitude, where an individual might sell themselves due to debt or poverty. The Hebrew word "מָכַר" (makar) means to sell, indicating a transaction that, while legal, was not meant to be permanent. This practice was regulated by the Law to ensure humane treatment and eventual freedom, reflecting God's justice and mercy.

When he has served you six years
The six-year period of service is a test of faithfulness and endurance, both for the servant and the master. The number six, represented by the Hebrew word "שֵׁשׁ" (shesh), often symbolizes human effort and labor. This timeframe allowed for the servant to work off their debt while also providing the master with labor, but it was always meant to culminate in liberation.

you must let him go free
The repetition of the command to "let him go free" reinforces the importance of liberation and the ethical obligation to honor God's law. The Hebrew word "חָפְשִׁי" (chofshi) means free or released, signifying a return to autonomy and dignity. This act of release is a powerful testament to God's redemptive plan and His desire for His people to live in freedom and justice.

from your service
The phrase "from your service" indicates the end of the servant's obligation and the restoration of their independence. The Hebrew word "עֲבֹדָה" (avodah) means service or labor, and its cessation marks a new beginning for the freed individual. This release is a reflection of God's deliverance and a call to His people to practice mercy and justice in their relationships.

But your fathers did not listen
This phrase serves as a lament and a warning. The Hebrew word "שָׁמַע" (shama) means to hear or listen, implying not just auditory reception but obedience and response. The failure of the ancestors to heed God's command highlights the recurring theme of disobedience and its consequences. It serves as a cautionary tale for future generations to learn from past mistakes and to align their actions with God's will.

or incline their ear
The expression "incline their ear" is a Hebrew idiom that conveys attentiveness and willingness to obey. The word "הִטָּה" (hittah) means to stretch out or extend, suggesting an active effort to understand and comply. This phrase underscores the importance of being receptive to God's voice and the necessity of aligning one's heart and actions with His commands.

Recently you repented
The phrase "Recently you repented" indicates a change of heart or mind that had occurred shortly before the events being described. The Hebrew root for "repented" is "שׁוּב" (shuv), which means to turn back or return. This word is often used in the context of turning back to God, suggesting a spiritual renewal or recommitment. Historically, this repentance was likely in response to a prophetic warning or a realization of wrongdoing. In the context of Jeremiah, the people of Judah had made a covenant to release their Hebrew slaves, an act of obedience to God's law, which they initially followed but later reneged on. This highlights the theme of repentance as a necessary step towards reconciliation with God, emphasizing the importance of genuine and sustained commitment to His commands.

and did what was right in My sight
The phrase "and did what was right in My sight" underscores the importance of aligning one's actions with God's standards. The Hebrew word for "right" is "יָשָׁר" (yashar), meaning straight or upright. This suggests that the people had temporarily aligned their actions with divine expectations, which is a recurring theme in the Old Testament where obedience to God's law is equated with righteousness. The historical context here is crucial; the act of releasing slaves was a direct command from God, reflecting His justice and mercy. This phrase serves as a reminder that true righteousness is measured by God's standards, not human ones, and that our actions should reflect His character and commands.

each of you proclaimed freedom for his neighbor
This phrase refers to the specific act of proclaiming liberty, which was a significant and symbolic gesture. The Hebrew word for "proclaimed" is "קָרָא" (qara), meaning to call out or announce. This act of proclaiming freedom was a public declaration, reflecting the Year of Jubilee concept found in Leviticus 25, where slaves were to be set free and debts forgiven. This was not just a social or economic act but a deeply spiritual one, symbolizing God's deliverance and the restoration of His people. The historical context of this proclamation was during a time of national crisis, likely the siege of Jerusalem, where the leaders sought to appease God by obeying His laws. This phrase highlights the biblical principle of freedom and justice, reminding believers of the importance of living out God's commands in tangible ways.

You made a covenant before Me
The phrase "You made a covenant before Me" emphasizes the solemn and binding nature of the agreement made in the presence of God. The Hebrew word for "covenant" is "בְּרִית" (berit), which signifies a formal agreement or treaty. In biblical terms, a covenant is a sacred promise that involves commitments and responsibilities. Making a covenant "before Me" indicates that this was not just a human agreement but one made with divine witness and accountability. Historically, covenants were central to Israel's relationship with God, serving as the foundation for their identity and mission. This phrase serves as a reminder of the seriousness with which God views our promises and the expectation that we will honor our commitments, especially those made in His name.

in the house that bears My Name
The phrase "in the house that bears My Name" refers to the temple in Jerusalem, which was the physical and spiritual center of Jewish worship. The temple was considered the dwelling place of God's presence on earth, and actions taken there were of utmost significance. The phrase "bears My Name" signifies ownership and representation; the temple was not just a building but a symbol of God's covenant relationship with His people. Historically, the temple was where significant religious and communal decisions were made, and making a covenant there underscored its sacredness. This phrase highlights the importance of the temple as a place of worship, commitment, and divine encounter, reminding believers of the reverence due to places dedicated to God's name and the seriousness of vows made in His presence.

But now you have turned around
This phrase indicates a reversal of action or intention. In the Hebrew context, the word used here is "שׁוּב" (shuv), which means to turn back or return. This is significant in the biblical narrative as it often denotes repentance or a change of heart. However, in this context, it is used negatively, highlighting the people's failure to maintain their commitment to God. Historically, this reflects the cyclical nature of Israel's faithfulness and rebellion, a theme prevalent throughout the Old Testament.

and profaned My name
To profane means to treat something sacred with irreverence or disrespect. The Hebrew word "חָלַל" (chalal) is used here, which conveys the idea of defiling or polluting. God's name represents His character and authority, and to profane it is to act in a way that dishonors Him. This phrase underscores the seriousness of the people's actions, as they not only broke a covenant but also disrespected the holiness of God, which is a grave offense in the biblical context.

Each of you has taken back
This phrase suggests a retraction or withdrawal of a previous action. The people had initially released their Hebrew slaves, as commanded by God, but then reneged on their promise. This act of taking back what was given is a direct violation of the covenant they made, reflecting a lack of integrity and faithfulness. It serves as a reminder of the importance of keeping one's word, especially in matters of justice and mercy.

the male and female slaves
The mention of both male and female slaves highlights the comprehensive nature of the people's disobedience. In the ancient Near Eastern context, slavery was a common practice, but the Law of Moses provided specific regulations for the humane treatment and eventual release of Hebrew slaves (Exodus 21:2-6, Deuteronomy 15:12-18). By taking back the slaves, the people not only disobeyed God's law but also perpetuated injustice and oppression.

whom you had set free to go where they wished
This phrase emphasizes the freedom that was initially granted to the slaves. The act of setting them free was a fulfillment of God's command and a reflection of His desire for justice and liberation. The freedom to "go where they wished" signifies autonomy and dignity, which were stripped away when the people reneged on their promise. This highlights the theme of liberation that runs throughout Scripture, pointing ultimately to the spiritual freedom found in Christ.

You have forced them to return
The use of the word "forced" indicates coercion and compulsion, which are contrary to the principles of justice and mercy. This action reflects a hardening of heart and a disregard for the well-being of others. In the biblical narrative, such behavior is often met with divine judgment, as it contradicts God's character and His commands for His people to act justly and love mercy (Micah 6:8).

to slavery
Slavery in the biblical context often symbolizes bondage and oppression. The return to slavery for these individuals represents a regression into a state of subjugation and loss of freedom. This act of forcing people back into slavery is a direct affront to God's redemptive purposes, which are aimed at liberation and restoration. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of disobedience and the importance of aligning our actions with God's will.

Therefore this is what the LORD says
This phrase introduces a divine pronouncement, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. In Hebrew, "LORD" is "YHWH," the covenant name of God, underscoring His unchanging nature and His relationship with Israel. This introduction sets the stage for a serious and consequential message from God, highlighting His role as the ultimate judge and lawgiver.

You have not obeyed Me
The Hebrew root for "obeyed" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), meaning to hear or listen with the intent to act. This phrase indicates a failure to heed God's commands, reflecting a deeper spiritual rebellion. Historically, Israel's disobedience often led to dire consequences, as their covenant with God required adherence to His laws.

by proclaiming freedom
The word "freedom" here is "דְּרוֹר" (deror) in Hebrew, which signifies release or liberty, often associated with the Jubilee year when slaves were to be freed. This was a command from God to ensure social justice and equality among His people. The failure to proclaim freedom was a direct violation of God's law, reflecting a societal breakdown in compassion and justice.

each one for his fellow Hebrew and for his neighbor
This phrase emphasizes the communal responsibility among the Israelites. The term "fellow Hebrew" highlights the shared identity and covenant relationship among the people of Israel. "Neighbor" extends this responsibility to all within their community, underscoring the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor as oneself, a command reiterated by Jesus in the New Testament.

So now I proclaim 'freedom' for you
Here, God uses irony to convey judgment. The "freedom" He proclaims is not liberation but rather a release to face the consequences of their actions. This reflects the biblical principle of reaping what one sows, as their failure to grant freedom results in their own loss of freedom.

declares the LORD—'freedom' to fall by the sword, by plague, and by famine!
The repetition of "freedom" underscores the severity of the judgment. The "sword," "plague," and "famine" are common instruments of divine judgment in the Old Testament, representing war, disease, and scarcity. These calamities are often seen as consequences of covenant unfaithfulness, serving as a call to repentance and return to God.

I will make you a horror to all the kingdoms of the earth
This phrase indicates the extent of the judgment, as Israel's downfall would serve as a warning to other nations. The word "horror" suggests something shocking and terrifying, reflecting the gravity of their disobedience. Historically, Israel's exile and suffering became a testament to the seriousness of breaking covenant with God, serving as a somber reminder of the importance of faithfulness and obedience.

And I will give the men
This phrase indicates a divine action where God is actively involved in delivering judgment. The Hebrew word for "give" here is "נָתַן" (natan), which often implies granting or delivering something, whether it be a blessing or a curse. In this context, it is a foreboding promise of judgment. The men referred to are those who have broken a solemn agreement with God, highlighting the seriousness of covenantal faithfulness in the biblical narrative.

who have transgressed My covenant
The word "transgressed" comes from the Hebrew "עָבַר" (avar), meaning to pass over or to violate. This indicates a deliberate act of disobedience against God's established covenant. The covenant, in biblical terms, is a sacred agreement between God and His people, often accompanied by specific stipulations and promises. The violation of such a covenant is seen as a grave sin, reflecting a breach of trust and relationship with God.

who have not fulfilled the terms of the covenant
This phrase underscores the failure to uphold the obligations of the covenant. The Hebrew word for "fulfilled" is "קָיָם" (qayam), which means to establish or maintain. The covenant terms were not just legalistic requirements but were meant to be a reflection of the people's commitment to God. The failure to fulfill these terms indicates a deeper spiritual failure and a lack of integrity in their relationship with God.

they made before Me
The phrase "before Me" emphasizes the presence and witness of God in the making of the covenant. It is a reminder that all covenants are made in the sight of God, who is the ultimate witness and judge. This adds a layer of accountability, as the covenant is not just a human agreement but a divine one, with God as an active participant.

when they cut the calf in two and passed between its pieces
This refers to an ancient Near Eastern ritual of covenant-making, where animals were cut in half, and the parties of the covenant would walk between the pieces. This act symbolized the seriousness of the covenant, implying that breaking it would result in a fate similar to that of the animals. The imagery is powerful, serving as a stark reminder of the consequences of covenant unfaithfulness. The ritual underscores the gravity and solemnity of entering into a covenant with God, who expects His people to honor their commitments fully.

The officials of Judah and Jerusalem
This phrase refers to the leaders and governing authorities of both the southern kingdom of Judah and its capital, Jerusalem. In the Hebrew context, "officials" (Hebrew: שָׂרִים, sarim) often denotes those in positions of power and responsibility. Historically, these leaders were expected to uphold the covenant with God and lead the people in righteousness. Their mention here underscores their accountability in the covenantal breach that Jeremiah is addressing.

The court officials
These individuals were part of the royal court, serving the king and managing the affairs of the kingdom. The Hebrew term for "court officials" (Hebrew: עֲבָדִים, avadim) can also mean "servants," indicating their role in executing the king's commands. Their inclusion highlights the widespread nature of the covenant violation, extending even to those who were supposed to be close advisors to the king.

The priests
The priests held a sacred duty to mediate between God and the people, offering sacrifices and teaching the law. In Hebrew, "priests" (כֹּהֲנִים, kohanim) were expected to be exemplars of holiness and obedience. Their failure to uphold the covenant is particularly grievous, as they were entrusted with maintaining the spiritual integrity of the nation.

All the people of the land
This phrase encompasses the general populace of Judah. The Hebrew term for "people" (עַם, am) signifies the collective community. The inclusion of "all the people" indicates that the covenant breach was not limited to the leaders but was a national issue, affecting every stratum of society.

Who passed between the pieces of the calf
This refers to an ancient covenant-making ritual, where parties would walk between the halves of a sacrificed animal, symbolizing the seriousness of the agreement and the consequences of breaking it. The imagery here is reminiscent of Genesis 15, where God makes a covenant with Abraham. The Hebrew word for "passed" (עָבְרוּ, avru) suggests a deliberate action, emphasizing the solemnity of the covenant they entered. This act was a vivid reminder that breaking the covenant would result in severe consequences, akin to the fate of the divided animal.

I will hand them over
This phrase signifies a divine judgment and relinquishment of protection. In the Hebrew context, the verb "hand over" (נָתַן, natan) often implies a transfer of power or control. Historically, this reflects God's sovereignty and justice, where He allows consequences to unfold due to the people's disobedience. It is a sobering reminder of the seriousness of covenant faithfulness and the reality of divine retribution.

to their enemies
The term "enemies" (אֹיֵב, oyev) in Hebrew denotes adversaries or those who are hostile. In the historical context of Jeremiah, this refers to the Babylonians, who were instruments of God's judgment. This highlights the theme of God using even those outside the covenant community to fulfill His purposes, emphasizing His control over all nations and peoples.

who seek their lives
This phrase underscores the intent and determination of the enemies. The Hebrew word for "seek" (בָּקַשׁ, baqash) implies a diligent pursuit. It reflects the dire situation of the people, where their very existence is under threat. This serves as a warning of the consequences of turning away from God, where protection is withdrawn, and adversaries are allowed to prevail.

Their dead bodies
The imagery of "dead bodies" (פֶּגֶר, peger) is stark and graphic, emphasizing the totality of the judgment. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the treatment of the dead was significant, and leaving bodies unburied was a sign of utter disgrace and defeat. This phrase serves as a powerful symbol of the ultimate consequence of rebellion against God.

will become food
The phrase "will become food" (לְמַאֲכָל, lema'akal) indicates a complete and utter defeat. In the biblical context, this is a curse, as seen in Deuteronomy 28:26, where it is listed among the curses for disobedience. It signifies not only physical death but also a lack of honor in death, further emphasizing the severity of divine judgment.

for the birds of the air
The "birds of the air" (ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם, oph hashamayim) are often depicted in Scripture as agents of desecration when they consume unburied bodies. This imagery is used to convey the completeness of the judgment and the removal of divine protection. It serves as a vivid reminder of the consequences of forsaking God's covenant.

and the beasts of the earth
The "beasts of the earth" (בְּהֵמַ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ, behemah ha'aretz) further emphasize the theme of disgrace and abandonment. In the ancient world, being left for scavengers was a fate reserved for the most dishonored. This phrase underscores the totality of the judgment and serves as a call to repentance, highlighting the need for faithfulness to God to avoid such a fate.

I will deliver
The phrase "I will deliver" signifies God's sovereign control and judgment. In Hebrew, the word used is "נָתַן" (natan), meaning to give or deliver. This reflects God's active role in the unfolding events, emphasizing His authority over nations and leaders. It serves as a reminder of God's power to execute justice and fulfill His prophetic word, underscoring the theme of divine retribution for disobedience.

Zedekiah king of Judah
Zedekiah was the last king of Judah before the Babylonian exile. His reign was marked by rebellion against Babylon and disobedience to God's commands through the prophet Jeremiah. Historically, Zedekiah's failure to heed prophetic warnings led to the fall of Jerusalem. His mention here highlights the consequences of ignoring God's word and the inevitable downfall that follows unfaithfulness.

and his officials
The officials, or "שָׂרִים" (sarim) in Hebrew, were the leaders and advisors in Zedekiah's court. Their inclusion in this judgment indicates collective responsibility and the widespread corruption within the leadership of Judah. It serves as a cautionary tale about the influence of leaders and the importance of righteous governance.

into the hands of their enemies
This phrase signifies total defeat and subjugation. The Hebrew word for "enemies" is "אוֹיֵב" (oyev), which conveys hostility and opposition. The imagery of being delivered into the hands of enemies underscores the severity of God's judgment and the complete reversal of fortune for those who oppose His will.

who seek their lives
The phrase "who seek their lives" emphasizes the mortal danger and intent of the Babylonians. It reflects the dire consequences of Judah's rebellion and the relentless pursuit by their adversaries. This serves as a sobering reminder of the seriousness of sin and the peril of defying God's commands.

into the hands of the army of the king of Babylon
The "army of the king of Babylon" refers to the formidable military force of Nebuchadnezzar, the Babylonian king. Historically, Babylon was a dominant power, and its army was known for its strength and strategic prowess. This phrase highlights the inevitability of Judah's defeat due to their spiritual and political missteps.

which has withdrawn from you
The withdrawal of the Babylonian army was a temporary reprieve for Jerusalem, possibly due to external threats or strategic regrouping. However, this phrase serves as a prophetic warning that the threat is not eliminated but merely postponed. It underscores the futility of false hope and the certainty of God's judgment if repentance is not forthcoming.

Behold
The word "Behold" is a call to attention, often used in the Bible to emphasize the importance of what follows. In Hebrew, it is "הִנֵּה" (hinneh), which serves as a divine alert, urging the listener to pay close attention to God's pronouncement. It signifies the gravity and certainty of the message, underscoring that what is about to be declared is of utmost importance and divine origin.

I will give the command
This phrase indicates God's sovereign authority and control over the events that are to unfold. The Hebrew root "צָוָה" (tsavah) means to command or order, reflecting God's active role in the orchestration of history. It reassures believers of God's ultimate power and the fulfillment of His divine will, even in judgment.

declares the LORD
The phrase "declares the LORD" is a prophetic formula that authenticates the message as coming directly from Yahweh, the covenant God of Israel. The Hebrew "נְאֻם־יְהוָה" (ne'um-YHWH) is a solemn affirmation of divine authority, reminding the audience of God's unchanging nature and His faithfulness to His word.

I will bring them back to this city
This phrase speaks of God's intention to return the Babylonian forces to Jerusalem. The Hebrew verb "שׁוּב" (shuv) means to return or restore, often used in contexts of repentance or restoration. Here, it signifies God's control over nations and His use of them as instruments of His judgment, fulfilling the prophetic warnings given to Judah.

They will fight against it
The phrase indicates the impending military action against Jerusalem. The Hebrew "נִלְחָם" (nilcham) means to fight or wage war, highlighting the physical and spiritual conflict that Jerusalem faces due to its disobedience. It serves as a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God's commandments.

capture it
This phrase foretells the successful siege and conquest of Jerusalem. The Hebrew "לָכַד" (lakad) means to capture or seize, emphasizing the inevitability of the city's fall. It reflects the fulfillment of God's warnings through Jeremiah, demonstrating the certainty of divine prophecy.

burn it down
The phrase "burn it down" describes the destruction that will befall Jerusalem. The Hebrew "שָׂרַף" (saraph) means to burn or destroy with fire, symbolizing complete devastation. Fire is often a symbol of judgment and purification in Scripture, indicating the severity of God's response to sin.

I will make the cities of Judah a desolation
This phrase conveys the extent of the judgment that will extend beyond Jerusalem to the entire region of Judah. The Hebrew "שְׁמָמָה" (shemamah) means desolation or ruin, illustrating the totality of the destruction. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of national disobedience and the seriousness of covenant unfaithfulness.

without inhabitant
The phrase "without inhabitant" underscores the complete emptiness and abandonment that will result from the judgment. The Hebrew "מֵאֵין יוֹשֵׁב" (me'eyn yoshev) indicates a total absence of life, reflecting the thoroughness of God's judgment. It serves as a call to repentance and a warning of the dire consequences of forsaking God's ways.