In the seventh year of Jehu
The phrase "In the seventh year of Jehu" situates the beginning of Joash's reign within the broader historical context of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. Jehu was a king known for his zealous eradication of Baal worship, as recorded in 2 Kings 10. This timeframe indicates a period of significant religious reform and upheaval. The number seven often symbolizes completeness or divine perfection in the Bible, suggesting that Joash's ascension to the throne was part of God's sovereign plan to restore true worship in Judah.

Joash became king
The name "Joash" (Hebrew: יְהוֹאָשׁ, Yeho'ash) means "given by the Lord" or "fire of Yahweh." This name reflects the divine intervention in his life, as Joash was hidden and protected by Jehoiada the priest from the murderous intentions of Athaliah, his grandmother. Joash's kingship represents a continuation of the Davidic line, which God promised to establish forever (2 Samuel 7:16). His reign is a testament to God's faithfulness in preserving His covenant with David.

and he reigned in Jerusalem
Jerusalem, the city of David, is the political and spiritual heart of Judah. It is the location of the Temple, the center of Jewish worship. Joash's reign in Jerusalem underscores the importance of maintaining the Davidic dynasty in the city chosen by God for His name to dwell. The mention of Jerusalem highlights the centrality of worship and the need for a king who would lead the people in faithfulness to the covenant.

forty years
The duration of Joash's reign, "forty years," is significant in biblical numerology. The number forty often symbolizes a period of testing, trial, or probation (e.g., the Israelites' forty years in the wilderness). Joash's long reign provided an opportunity for religious reform and the restoration of the Temple, which had fallen into disrepair. It was a time for Judah to return to the worship of Yahweh and to renew their covenantal relationship with Him.

His mother’s name was Zibiah
The mention of Joash's mother, "Zibiah," whose name means "gazelle" or "beauty," highlights the importance of maternal influence in the king's life. In the biblical narrative, mothers often play crucial roles in shaping the character and faith of their children. Zibiah's inclusion in the text may suggest her significance in Joash's upbringing and possibly in his adherence to the faith of his ancestors.

she was from Beersheba
Beersheba, located in the southern part of Judah, is a place of historical and spiritual significance. It was a site where the patriarchs Abraham and Isaac had encounters with God (Genesis 21:31-33; 26:23-25). The mention of Beersheba connects Joash's lineage to the patriarchal promises and underscores the continuity of God's covenantal faithfulness from the time of the patriarchs to the Davidic kings. It serves as a reminder of God's enduring presence and guidance throughout Israel's history.

And Jehoash
Jehoash, also known as Joash, was the king of Judah who began his reign at a young age. His name means "given by the LORD" or "fire of Yahweh," reflecting the divine favor and potential that surrounded his kingship. Historically, Jehoash's reign is significant as it represents a period of restoration and reform in Judah, particularly in the context of temple worship and the covenantal relationship with God.

did what was right
This phrase indicates moral and spiritual alignment with God's commandments. In the Hebrew context, "right" (יָשָׁר, yashar) implies a straightness or uprightness, suggesting that Jehoash's actions were in accordance with divine standards. This is a recurring theme in the Deuteronomistic history, where the kings of Israel and Judah are evaluated based on their adherence to God's law.

in the eyes of the LORD
This expression underscores the divine perspective as the ultimate measure of righteousness. It emphasizes that true obedience and moral conduct are not merely external or societal but are evaluated by God Himself. The phrase invites readers to consider their own actions in light of divine scrutiny, encouraging a life that seeks to please God above all.

all the days
This suggests a sustained period of faithfulness during Jehoash's reign. It highlights the importance of perseverance in righteousness, not just isolated acts of obedience. The phrase serves as a reminder of the need for continual commitment to God's ways throughout one's life.

he was instructed
The Hebrew root for "instructed" (יָרָה, yarah) can also mean "to teach" or "to direct." This indicates that Jehoash's righteousness was not inherent but cultivated through guidance and mentorship. It underscores the value of godly instruction and the role of spiritual leaders in shaping the character and decisions of those they lead.

by Jehoiada the priest
Jehoiada was a high priest and a pivotal figure in Jehoash's life, serving as a mentor and spiritual guide. His influence was crucial in maintaining the king's faithfulness to God. This highlights the importance of godly leadership and the impact that a faithful mentor can have on an individual's spiritual journey. Jehoiada's role also reflects the broader biblical theme of the priesthood as a mediator between God and His people, guiding them in righteousness and covenantal faithfulness.

Nevertheless
This word serves as a pivot in the narrative, indicating a contrast or exception to what has been previously stated. In the context of 2 Kings 12, it highlights the tension between the reforms initiated by King Jehoash and the persistent idolatrous practices of the people. The Hebrew word used here, "אַךְ" (akh), often introduces a limitation or exception, reminding us that human efforts, even those of a righteous king, are often incomplete without divine intervention.

the high places
The term "high places" refers to elevated sites used for worship, often associated with pagan rituals. In Hebrew, "בָּמוֹת" (bamot) denotes these locations, which were originally intended for the worship of Yahweh but became corrupted by idolatry. Archaeological findings have uncovered such sites, revealing altars and cultic objects, underscoring the syncretism that plagued Israel. The persistence of these high places symbolizes the struggle between true worship and cultural compromise.

were not removed
This phrase indicates a failure to fully eradicate idolatrous practices. The Hebrew verb "סוּר" (sur) means to turn aside or remove, suggesting that despite Jehoash's reforms, the people’s hearts were not fully turned back to God. This serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of complete obedience and the dangers of partial reform, reminding believers of the need for thorough spiritual cleansing.

the people continued sacrificing
The act of sacrificing, "זָבַח" (zabach) in Hebrew, was central to worship in ancient Israel. However, the continuation of sacrifices on the high places indicates a misdirected devotion. This persistence highlights the challenge of cultural and religious inertia, where people cling to familiar practices despite divine commandments. It serves as a reminder of the need for discernment and alignment with God’s will in worship.

and burning incense
Burning incense, "קָטַר" (qatar) in Hebrew, was a ritual act meant to symbolize prayers ascending to God. However, when performed on high places, it represented a deviation from prescribed worship. This practice underscores the human tendency to blend true worship with personal preferences or cultural influences. It calls believers to examine their own worship practices, ensuring they are rooted in Scripture and pleasing to God.

on the high places
Reiterating the location of these practices, this phrase emphasizes the entrenched nature of idolatry in Israel. The repetition serves as a literary device to stress the seriousness of the issue. Historically, these high places were often associated with Canaanite worship, and their persistence reflects the ongoing spiritual battle within Israel. It challenges believers to identify and dismantle any "high places" in their own lives that compete with their devotion to God.

Then Jehoash said to the priests
Jehoash, also known as Joash, was a king of Judah who reigned during a time of spiritual and political restoration. His directive to the priests signifies a moment of leadership and reform. The Hebrew root for "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) often implies a command or authoritative speech, indicating Jehoash's active role in initiating temple repairs. This highlights the importance of godly leadership in guiding religious and communal life.

Collect all the money brought as sacred offerings
The act of collecting money for sacred offerings underscores the communal responsibility in maintaining the house of the LORD. The Hebrew word for "sacred" (קֹדֶשׁ, qodesh) denotes something set apart for divine purposes. This phrase emphasizes the holiness of the contributions and the collective effort required to sustain worship and temple activities.

to the house of the LORD
The "house of the LORD" refers to the temple in Jerusalem, a central place of worship and sacrifice for the Israelites. The temple was not only a physical structure but also a symbol of God's presence among His people. This phrase reminds us of the importance of maintaining places of worship as centers of spiritual life and community.

the census money
The "census money" refers to a specific tax collected during a census, as outlined in Exodus 30:11-16. This tax was a half-shekel offering required of every Israelite male over the age of twenty. The Hebrew term for "census" (פְּקוּדָה, pequdah) can also mean "numbering" or "appointment," indicating a divinely ordained practice. This highlights the principle of equal contribution and responsibility among the people of God.

the money from personal vows
Personal vows were voluntary commitments made by individuals to the LORD, often involving monetary gifts. The Hebrew word for "vow" (נֶדֶר, neder) signifies a solemn promise or pledge. This phrase illustrates the personal devotion and willingness of individuals to support the temple, reflecting a heart of gratitude and dedication to God.

and all the money voluntarily given
Voluntary offerings were gifts given out of free will, beyond any required tithes or taxes. The Hebrew root for "voluntarily" (נָדַב, nadab) conveys the idea of generosity and spontaneity. This phrase highlights the spirit of cheerful giving, which is highly valued in Scripture, as seen in 2 Corinthians 9:7, where God loves a cheerful giver.

to the house of the LORD
Reiterating the destination of these offerings, this phrase underscores the purpose of the collected funds: to support the temple's upkeep and the worship conducted there. It serves as a reminder of the centrality of the temple in Israelite worship and the communal effort required to sustain it. This reflects the broader biblical principle of stewardship and the call for believers to invest in the work of the Lord.

Let every priest receive it
This phrase indicates a decentralized system of collection, where each priest is responsible for gathering funds from their own community or constituency. The Hebrew root for "receive" is "laqach," which implies taking possession or acquiring something. This reflects a trust in the priests' integrity and their direct relationship with the people. Historically, this system underscores the communal responsibility in maintaining the temple, emphasizing the role of the priesthood as both spiritual and administrative leaders.

from his constituency
The term "constituency" refers to the local community or district from which the priest would collect funds. In the Hebrew context, this would be the "yada," meaning a familiar or known group. This highlights the personal connection between the priests and their communities, suggesting a system where the needs of the temple are met through local contributions. It reflects the biblical principle of stewardship and the importance of community involvement in religious life.

and let it be used
This phrase indicates the purpose of the collected funds. The Hebrew word "asah," meaning to do or make, is used here, suggesting action and purpose. The funds are not to be hoarded or misused but are designated for a specific task. This reflects a biblical principle of accountability and transparency in the use of resources, aligning with the broader scriptural theme of faithful stewardship.

to repair any damage
The focus here is on restoration and maintenance. The Hebrew word "chazaq," meaning to strengthen or repair, is used, indicating a proactive approach to preserving the temple's integrity. This reflects the importance of maintaining the physical space where worship and sacrifices occur, symbolizing the need for spiritual renewal and the upkeep of one's faith and relationship with God.

found in the temple
The temple, or "bayith" in Hebrew, is the central place of worship and the dwelling place of God's presence among His people. The emphasis on repairing damage found in the temple underscores the sacredness of this space. It serves as a reminder of the importance of maintaining the holiness and purity of the places dedicated to God, reflecting the broader biblical theme of reverence for the divine and the spaces set apart for worship.

But by the twenty-third year
This phrase marks a significant passage of time, indicating that Joash had been reigning for over two decades. The Hebrew word for "year" is "שָׁנָה" (shanah), which often signifies a complete cycle or a period of time. The mention of the "twenty-third year" underscores a sense of urgency and expectation. Joash began his reign with a commitment to restore the temple, yet this passage of time without progress suggests a lapse in diligence or priority. It serves as a reminder of the importance of perseverance and accountability in fulfilling God-given responsibilities.

of the reign of Joash
Joash, also known as Jehoash, was a king of Judah who ascended to the throne as a child. His reign is noted for the initial zeal in restoring the temple, a task he was influenced to undertake by Jehoiada the priest. The Hebrew name "יְהוֹאָשׁ" (Yeho'ash) means "Yahweh has given," reflecting the divine favor and purpose bestowed upon him. However, this verse highlights a period of stagnation, suggesting that even those with divine calling can falter without steadfast commitment and guidance.

the priests
The priests were the spiritual leaders and custodians of the temple, responsible for its upkeep and the proper conduct of worship. The Hebrew word "כֹּהֲנִים" (kohanim) refers to those set apart for sacred duties. Their failure to repair the temple indicates a neglect of their spiritual and practical responsibilities. This serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of complacency in spiritual leadership and the need for integrity and action in fulfilling one's divine duties.

had not yet repaired
The phrase "had not yet repaired" suggests a delay or failure in action. The Hebrew root "חָזַק" (chazaq) can mean to strengthen or repair, implying that the temple was in need of restoration. This lack of progress highlights the consequences of procrastination and the importance of timely action in addressing spiritual and physical decay. It calls believers to be proactive in maintaining and restoring their spiritual lives and places of worship.

the damage to the house
The "house" refers to the temple, the central place of worship and the dwelling place of God's presence among His people. The Hebrew word "בַּיִת" (bayit) signifies not just a physical structure but a place of familial and communal significance. The "damage" indicates neglect and deterioration, both physically and spiritually. This serves as a metaphor for the state of the people's relationship with God, emphasizing the need for continual renewal and restoration in one's spiritual walk. The verse challenges believers to prioritize the upkeep of their spiritual "house," ensuring it remains a worthy dwelling for God's presence.

Therefore King Joash summoned
The word "summoned" indicates a call to action, a directive from a position of authority. In Hebrew, the root word often implies a gathering or assembly for a specific purpose. King Joash, as a ruler, exercises his authority to address a pressing issue. Historically, Joash became king at a young age and was mentored by Jehoiada, the priest. This summoning reflects his growing independence and responsibility as a leader.

Jehoiada the priest
Jehoiada was a significant figure in the spiritual and political life of Judah. His name means "Yahweh knows," highlighting his role as a mediator between God and the people. As a priest, Jehoiada was responsible for maintaining the temple's sanctity and ensuring the proper worship of Yahweh. His relationship with Joash was pivotal, as he guided the young king in his early years, emphasizing the importance of godly mentorship.

and the other priests
The inclusion of "other priests" suggests a collective responsibility among the religious leaders. In the Levitical system, priests were tasked with various duties, including temple maintenance. This phrase underscores the communal aspect of religious service and the shared accountability in upholding the house of God.

and said to them
This phrase introduces a direct communication, emphasizing the importance of clear and authoritative instruction. In the biblical narrative, direct speech often signifies a moment of decision or change. Joash's words are not merely suggestions but commands that require immediate attention and action.

Why have you not repaired the damage in the house?
The question posed by Joash is both an inquiry and a rebuke. The "house" refers to the temple, the central place of worship and symbol of God's presence among His people. The Hebrew root for "repaired" implies restoration and making whole. Joash's concern reflects a desire to honor God by maintaining the temple's integrity, highlighting the spiritual neglect that had occurred.

Do not take any more money from your donors
This directive addresses the misuse or misallocation of funds intended for temple repairs. The phrase "from your donors" indicates that there was a system of contributions in place, likely from the people of Judah. Joash's command to cease taking money suggests a need for transparency and accountability in handling sacred resources.

but hand it over for the repair of the house
The phrase "hand it over" implies a transfer of responsibility and resources. Joash insists that the funds be used for their intended purpose: the repair of the temple. This highlights the importance of stewardship and the proper use of resources in service to God. The "repair of the house" signifies not just physical restoration but also a renewal of spiritual commitment and worship.

So the priests agreed
The Hebrew word for "agreed" here is "יּוֹאֵל" (yo'el), which implies a willing consent or a deliberate decision. This agreement among the priests reflects a significant moment of unity and purpose. In the context of ancient Israel, the priesthood held a sacred responsibility to maintain the spiritual and physical integrity of the temple. Their agreement signifies a collective acknowledgment of their limitations and a readiness to adapt for the greater good of the temple's restoration. This moment can inspire modern believers to seek unity and collaboration in their spiritual communities, recognizing that sometimes stepping back can allow for greater progress.

that they would not receive money from the people
The phrase "receive money" in Hebrew is "לָקַח כֶּסֶף" (laqach keseph), which literally means to take or collect silver. In the ancient Near Eastern context, silver was a common medium of exchange, and the temple's maintenance often relied on such contributions. The priests' decision to stop collecting money from the people indicates a shift in responsibility and perhaps a response to previous mismanagement or inefficiency. This decision underscores the importance of integrity and transparency in handling communal resources, a principle that remains relevant in today's faith communities.

and that they would not repair the temple themselves
The Hebrew word for "repair" is "חָזַק" (chazaq), which means to strengthen or make firm. The temple, as the center of worship and the dwelling place of God's presence, required careful and skilled maintenance. By choosing not to repair the temple themselves, the priests acknowledged their need for specialized skills and perhaps external assistance. This humility and recognition of one's limitations can serve as a powerful lesson for believers today, emphasizing the value of seeking help and expertise when needed to fulfill God's work effectively.

Then Jehoiada the priest
Jehoiada, whose name means "Yahweh knows," was a pivotal figure in the history of Judah. As a high priest, he played a crucial role in the preservation of the Davidic line and the spiritual reformation of the nation. His actions were not just administrative but deeply spiritual, reflecting his commitment to God's covenant. In the Hebrew context, the priesthood was a sacred office, and Jehoiada's leadership exemplified the ideal of a priest who not only served in the temple but also guided the nation in righteousness.

took a chest
The chest, or "aron" in Hebrew, signifies a container or box. In the ancient Near Eastern context, such chests were often used for storing valuable items. Here, it becomes a symbol of integrity and transparency in the collection of funds for the temple's repair. The use of a chest underscores the importance of accountability in handling resources dedicated to God's work, a principle that remains relevant in modern Christian stewardship.

bored a hole in its lid
This practical action ensured that the chest could be used as a secure collection box. The act of boring a hole signifies preparation and intentionality. It reflects a proactive approach to solving the problem of temple disrepair, demonstrating that faith often requires practical steps and solutions. This detail highlights the importance of planning and foresight in the administration of God's house.

and set it beside the altar
Placing the chest beside the altar, a sacred space, imbues the act of giving with spiritual significance. The altar was central to Israelite worship, symbolizing God's presence and the people's devotion. By positioning the chest here, Jehoiada connects the act of giving with worship, reminding the people that their contributions are an integral part of their relationship with God.

on the right side as one enters the house of the LORD
The right side, often associated with strength and favor in biblical symbolism, suggests a place of honor and prominence. This strategic placement ensured that the chest was visible and accessible, encouraging the people to contribute. It reflects the principle that giving to God's work should be a priority and a visible part of communal life.

And the priests who guarded the threshold
The priests at the threshold served as gatekeepers, a role that involved both protection and facilitation of worship. Their involvement in collecting the money underscores the importance of trust and integrity in those who handle sacred resources. It also highlights the collaborative effort required in maintaining the house of the LORD, with each person playing a vital role.

put into the chest all the money
The act of putting money into the chest represents the collective responsibility of the community to support the temple. It signifies a communal investment in the spiritual and physical upkeep of the place of worship. This phrase reminds believers of the biblical principle of generosity and the call to contribute to the needs of the church.

that was brought into the house of the LORD
The house of the LORD, or the temple, was the center of Israelite worship and national identity. Bringing money into the temple signifies dedication to God's work and the communal commitment to maintaining a place where God's presence dwells. This phrase serves as a reminder of the importance of the church as a spiritual home and the responsibility of believers to support its mission and ministry.

Whenever they saw
This phrase indicates a regular practice or routine. The Hebrew root for "saw" is רָאָה (ra'ah), which means to see, perceive, or understand. This suggests a diligent oversight by those responsible, ensuring transparency and accountability in the handling of funds. In a spiritual sense, it reflects the importance of vigilance and integrity in stewardship, a principle that resonates throughout Scripture.

there was a large amount of money
The presence of a "large amount" signifies the generosity and faithfulness of the people in supporting the temple. Historically, this reflects a period of religious reform and revival under King Joash, where the temple's restoration was prioritized. The Hebrew word for "money" is כֶּסֶף (kesef), often associated with silver, indicating the value and preciousness of the contributions.

in the chest
The "chest" was a secure place for collecting offerings, akin to a treasury box. Archaeological findings have uncovered similar chests used in ancient Near Eastern temples, underscoring the historical accuracy of the text. This chest symbolizes the heart of worship, where offerings are gathered for God's work, reminding believers of the importance of giving as an act of worship.

the royal scribe and the high priest
The involvement of both the "royal scribe" and the "high priest" highlights a system of checks and balances. The scribe, representing the king's authority, and the high priest, representing religious authority, worked together to ensure honesty. This collaboration reflects the biblical principle of accountability and the need for integrity in both civil and religious spheres.

would come, count the money
The act of counting the money signifies careful management and stewardship. The Hebrew verb סָפַר (safar) means to count or recount, emphasizing precision and accuracy. This practice ensured that the funds were used appropriately for the temple's restoration, illustrating the biblical call for faithful stewardship of resources.

that had been brought into the house of the LORD
The "house of the LORD" refers to the temple, the central place of worship for Israel. This phrase underscores the sacred purpose of the funds, dedicated to maintaining and restoring the temple. It serves as a reminder of the importance of dedicating resources to God's work and the upkeep of places of worship.

and tie it up in bags
Tying the money in bags was a practical measure for securing and transporting the funds. The Hebrew word צָרַר (tsarar) means to bind or wrap, indicating careful handling. This action reflects the biblical principle of safeguarding what is entrusted to us, ensuring that resources are protected and used wisely for God's purposes.

Then they would give the money
The act of giving money here is significant in the context of temple restoration. The Hebrew root for "give" is "nathan," which implies a deliberate and purposeful action. This reflects the dedication and responsibility of the leaders in ensuring that the funds were used appropriately for the sacred task of restoring the temple. Historically, this demonstrates the organized approach to temple maintenance, emphasizing the importance of stewardship in God's work.

weighed out
The phrase "weighed out" indicates a careful and honest handling of resources. In ancient times, weighing money was a common practice to ensure fairness and accuracy. This reflects the integrity expected in the management of God's resources. The Hebrew word "shaqal" suggests a meticulous process, underscoring the importance of transparency and accountability in financial matters, especially in religious contexts.

into the hands of those doing the work
This phrase highlights the direct involvement of skilled laborers in the temple's restoration. The Hebrew word "yad" for "hands" symbolizes power and capability. By placing the money directly into the hands of the workers, the passage emphasizes trust and empowerment. It reflects a biblical principle of equipping and enabling individuals to fulfill their God-given tasks, ensuring that the work is done efficiently and effectively.

those who had been appointed
The appointment of workers signifies a structured and organized approach to the temple's restoration. The Hebrew root "paqad" implies a sense of oversight and responsibility. This reflects the biblical principle of leadership and delegation, where individuals are chosen based on their skills and reliability to carry out specific tasks. It underscores the importance of order and planning in accomplishing God's work.

to the house of the LORD
The "house of the LORD" refers to the temple, a central place of worship and the dwelling place of God's presence among His people. The Hebrew word "bayith" for "house" signifies not just a physical structure but a sacred space dedicated to God. This highlights the significance of maintaining and honoring places of worship, as they are vital for communal and individual spiritual life.

They used it to pay the carpenters and builders
This phrase indicates the practical use of funds for compensating skilled laborers. The Hebrew word "karash" for "carpenters" and "banah" for "builders" reflect the specialized skills required for temple restoration. It underscores the biblical value of fair compensation for work done, recognizing the dignity and worth of labor in the service of God.

working on the house of the LORD
The ongoing work on the temple signifies a continuous commitment to maintaining and enhancing the place of worship. The Hebrew root "abad" for "working" implies diligent and dedicated service. This reflects the biblical call to perseverance and excellence in serving God, ensuring that His house remains a place of beauty and reverence for generations to come.

the masons and stonecutters
This phrase refers to skilled laborers essential in the construction and repair of significant structures. In ancient Israel, masons and stonecutters were highly valued for their expertise in working with stone, a primary building material. The Hebrew word for "masons" is "חָרָשׁ" (charash), which can also mean craftsmen or artisans, indicating their skill level. Stonecutters, or "גָּזַר" (gazar), were responsible for shaping stones to fit perfectly in construction, a task requiring precision and artistry. This highlights the importance of skilled labor in maintaining the sanctity and functionality of the temple, a central place of worship and community life.

to buy timber and dressed stone
Timber and dressed stone were crucial materials for temple repairs. Timber, often cedar from Lebanon, was prized for its durability and quality. The Hebrew word for "timber" is "עֵץ" (etz), which signifies not just wood but also strength and endurance. "Dressed stone" refers to stones that have been cut and smoothed for construction, ensuring a perfect fit. The Hebrew term "מַסָּע" (massa) implies stones that are prepared and ready for use. This phrase underscores the care and resources invested in maintaining the temple, reflecting the reverence for God's dwelling place.

to repair the damage to the house of the LORD
The "house of the LORD" refers to the temple in Jerusalem, a sacred place where God's presence dwelt among His people. The Hebrew word for "repair" is "חָזַק" (chazaq), meaning to strengthen or restore. This indicates not just physical repairs but a spiritual renewal, as the temple's condition often mirrored the spiritual state of the nation. The phrase emphasizes the commitment to restoring the temple to its former glory, ensuring it remains a fitting place for worship and divine encounter.

and for all that was laid out for the temple repairs
This phrase suggests a comprehensive plan and allocation of resources for the temple's restoration. The Hebrew word "יָצָא" (yatsa) means to go out or extend, indicating that the repairs were extensive and well-planned. It reflects a dedication to stewardship and the proper use of resources for God's glory. This commitment to maintaining the temple serves as a reminder of the importance of caring for places of worship and the spiritual heritage they represent.

However
This word introduces a contrast or exception to what has been previously stated. In the context of 2 Kings 12, King Joash had initiated repairs for the temple, but this verse highlights a specific limitation or decision regarding the use of funds. The Hebrew word used here often serves to pivot the narrative, drawing attention to a significant detail that might otherwise be overlooked.

no silver basins
Silver basins were commonly used in temple rituals and services. The absence of new silver basins being made suggests a prioritization of structural repairs over the creation of new ceremonial objects. Historically, basins were essential for purification rites, indicating that the focus was on restoring the temple's physical integrity rather than enhancing its ritualistic elements.

wick trimmers
Wick trimmers were tools used to maintain the lamps in the temple, ensuring that the light burned brightly and steadily. The decision not to make new wick trimmers implies that existing tools were deemed sufficient, or that the funds were better allocated elsewhere. This reflects a practical approach to temple maintenance, emphasizing function over form.

sprinkling bowls
These bowls were used in various sacrificial and purification rites, essential for the daily operations of the temple. The Hebrew term for these bowls often denotes their use in sacred contexts. The choice not to produce new ones suggests a focus on the temple's infrastructure rather than its ceremonial accoutrements, highlighting a period of financial stewardship and prioritization.

trumpets
Trumpets played a significant role in Israelite worship, used in both religious ceremonies and as signals in battle. The absence of new trumpets being made could indicate that the existing instruments were adequate, or that the emphasis was on the temple's physical restoration rather than its musical or ceremonial enhancement. This decision underscores a period of practical resource management.

or any articles of gold or silver
Gold and silver articles were symbols of wealth and divine favor, often used in the temple to reflect the glory and majesty of God. The decision not to create new articles of gold or silver suggests a shift in focus from opulence to necessity. This reflects a period of economic prudence, where the available resources were directed towards essential repairs rather than ornamental enhancements.

were made for the house of the LORD
The "house of the LORD" refers to the temple in Jerusalem, the central place of worship for the Israelites. This phrase emphasizes the sacred purpose of the funds collected, underscoring the temple's role as the dwelling place of God's presence among His people. The focus on repairs rather than new articles highlights a commitment to preserving the temple's sanctity and functionality.

from the money brought into the house of the LORD
This phrase indicates that the funds used were offerings brought by the people, reflecting their devotion and commitment to maintaining the temple. The careful allocation of these resources demonstrates a responsible stewardship, ensuring that the contributions were used effectively to preserve the temple's structure and purpose. This highlights a communal effort in sustaining the spiritual heart of Israel.

Instead
This word indicates a contrast or a change in direction from what was previously mentioned. In the context of 2 Kings 12, King Joash had initially intended for the funds collected to be used for specific purposes, but here we see a redirection. This highlights the importance of divine priorities over human plans. The Hebrew root for "instead" often implies a substitution or a shift, reminding us that God's plans may differ from ours, and His purposes are ultimately for the greater good.

it was paid
The phrase signifies the act of transferring funds or resources. In the Hebrew context, the act of payment was not merely transactional but covenantal, reflecting a commitment to fulfill a promise or duty. This payment was a fulfillment of the king's commitment to restore the temple, emphasizing the importance of stewardship and accountability in the use of resources for God's work.

to the workmen
The workmen were skilled laborers tasked with the physical restoration of the temple. Historically, these individuals were craftsmen who played a crucial role in maintaining the sacred space where God was worshiped. The Hebrew term for "workmen" underscores the dignity of labor and the value of using one's skills for the glory of God. It reminds us that every vocation, when dedicated to the Lord, is honorable and significant.

and with it they repaired
This phrase highlights the action taken with the resources provided. The Hebrew root for "repaired" conveys the idea of restoring something to its original condition or even improving it. This act of repair is symbolic of spiritual renewal and restoration, a theme prevalent throughout Scripture. It serves as a metaphor for God's redemptive work in our lives, where He takes what is broken and makes it whole.

the house of the LORD
The temple, referred to here as "the house of the LORD," was the central place of worship for the Israelites. It was not just a physical structure but a symbol of God's presence among His people. The Hebrew term for "house" can also mean "household" or "family," indicating that the temple was a place where the community gathered to encounter God. This phrase reminds us of the importance of maintaining our places of worship and ensuring they reflect the holiness and majesty of God. It also calls us to be mindful of our own bodies as temples of the Holy Spirit, as taught in the New Testament, urging us to live lives that honor God.

No accounting was required
This phrase highlights a remarkable level of trust and integrity in the administration of the temple repairs. In the Hebrew context, the word for "accounting" (חֶשְׁבּוֹן, cheshbon) implies a detailed reckoning or audit. The absence of such a requirement suggests a system where honesty was assumed, reflecting a period of spiritual renewal and ethical leadership under King Joash. This trust is a testament to the moral climate fostered by the king and the high priest, Jehoiada, emphasizing the importance of integrity in stewardship.

from the men who received the money
The "men" referred to here were likely skilled workers or overseers responsible for the temple's restoration. The Hebrew term for "received" (קָחַת, qachath) implies a formal acceptance or entrustment of funds. This indicates a structured and organized approach to the temple repairs, where specific individuals were designated to handle financial resources. Historically, this reflects a well-managed project, underscoring the importance of accountability and trustworthiness in handling sacred finances.

to pay the workmen
The phrase "to pay the workmen" underscores the practical aspect of the temple restoration project. The Hebrew root for "pay" (נָתַן, nathan) means to give or bestow, indicating a fair and just compensation for labor. This reflects the biblical principle of fair wages and the dignity of work, as seen in other scriptures like Leviticus 19:13. The workmen, likely skilled artisans and laborers, were essential to the temple's upkeep, highlighting the value of each individual's contribution to the community's spiritual life.

because they acted with integrity
The word "integrity" (אֱמוּנָה, emunah) in Hebrew conveys faithfulness, reliability, and truthfulness. This phrase is a powerful testament to the character of those involved in the temple's restoration. Their integrity was so evident that it eliminated the need for external audits or checks. This reflects a broader biblical theme where integrity is a hallmark of godly leadership and community life, as seen in Proverbs 11:3. The verse inspires believers to cultivate integrity in all aspects of life, trusting that such character will be recognized and honored by God and others.

The money
In the context of ancient Israel, "money" often referred to silver or other valuable commodities used in trade and religious offerings. The Hebrew word used here is "kesef," which can mean silver or money. This highlights the tangible resources that were dedicated to the service of God, reflecting the community's commitment to maintaining the temple and supporting the priesthood.

from the guilt offerings and sin offerings
Guilt offerings ("asham") and sin offerings ("chatat") were specific sacrifices outlined in Levitical law (Leviticus 5-7) for atonement and purification. These offerings were integral to the Israelites' covenant relationship with God, emphasizing the need for repentance and reconciliation. The distinction between these offerings and other contributions underscores their sacred purpose and the seriousness with which sin and guilt were addressed in the community.

was not brought into the house of the LORD
The "house of the LORD" refers to the temple in Jerusalem, the central place of worship and sacrifice for the Israelites. The decision not to bring this money into the temple indicates a specific allocation of resources, possibly to ensure that the priests, who facilitated these offerings, were adequately provided for. This separation of funds highlights the practical aspects of temple administration and the care taken to maintain the spiritual and physical needs of the religious leaders.

it belonged to the priests
The phrase "it belonged to the priests" signifies the provision for the Levitical priesthood, who were responsible for performing the sacrifices and maintaining the temple rituals. According to the Mosaic Law, priests did not have a territorial inheritance like the other tribes of Israel (Numbers 18:20-21). Instead, they were supported by the offerings and tithes of the people. This arrangement underscores the community's responsibility to sustain those who serve in spiritual leadership, ensuring that they can dedicate themselves fully to their sacred duties.

At that time
This phrase situates the events within a specific historical context. The period referred to is during the reign of Jehoash (Joash) of Judah, a time marked by both internal reforms and external threats. Historically, this was a tumultuous period for the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, with frequent conflicts and shifting alliances. The phrase underscores the immediacy and urgency of the events that follow, highlighting the constant threat faced by the kingdom of Judah.

Hazael king of Aram
Hazael was a significant figure in the history of the Near East, known for his aggressive military campaigns. The Arameans, under Hazael's leadership, were a formidable power. Hazael's rise to power is noted in 2 Kings 8:13, where he is anointed by the prophet Elisha, fulfilling God's judgment against the house of Ahab. His mention here emphasizes the fulfillment of prophetic words and the sovereignty of God over the nations.

went up and fought against Gath
Gath was one of the five major Philistine cities, often mentioned in the context of Israel's enemies. The phrase "went up" indicates a military campaign, as Gath was located in the lowlands, requiring an ascent from Aram. The capture of Gath by Hazael signifies a strategic victory, as controlling Gath would have provided a foothold for further incursions into Judah and Israel. This highlights the persistent threat of surrounding nations and the vulnerability of the Israelite territories.

and captured it
The capture of Gath demonstrates Hazael's military prowess and the weakening state of the Philistine cities. This event is a reminder of the cyclical nature of conquest and loss in the ancient Near East, where cities frequently changed hands. It also serves as a backdrop to the subsequent threat to Jerusalem, illustrating the expanding influence of Aram under Hazael.

Then Hazael turned to attack Jerusalem
Jerusalem, the capital of Judah, was the spiritual and political center of the kingdom. Hazael's decision to turn his attention to Jerusalem indicates a direct threat to the heart of Judah. This phrase underscores the gravity of the situation faced by Jehoash and his people. Historically, Jerusalem was a well-fortified city, but the mention of an impending attack would have been a cause for alarm, prompting reliance on divine intervention and strategic diplomacy, as seen in the subsequent verses.

But King Joash of Judah
King Joash, also known as Jehoash, was the king of Judah who began his reign at a young age. His rule is marked by a period of restoration and reform, particularly in the temple. The Hebrew root for "Joash" means "given by the Lord," indicating his divine appointment and the hope placed in his leadership. Historically, Joash's reign is significant as it represents a time when Judah was under threat from external forces, yet he was expected to uphold the covenant with God.

took all the sacred objects dedicated by his fathers
The sacred objects were items set apart for worship and service to God, often symbolizing the covenant relationship between God and His people. The dedication by his fathers—Jehoshaphat, Jehoram, and Ahaziah—reflects a lineage of kings who, despite their flaws, recognized the importance of maintaining a connection with the divine. The Hebrew term for "sacred" (קדש, qodesh) implies holiness and separation for God's purposes, underscoring the gravity of Joash's actions in using these items for political purposes.

Jehoshaphat, Jehoram, and Ahaziah, the kings of Judah
These kings represent a lineage with varying degrees of faithfulness to God. Jehoshaphat is often remembered for his reforms and attempts to bring Judah back to God, while Jehoram and Ahaziah had more troubled reigns. Their mention here serves as a reminder of the mixed legacy Joash inherited, highlighting the tension between faithfulness and political expediency.

and his own sacred gifts
Joash's own contributions to the temple and its service indicate his initial commitment to God. The Hebrew word for "gifts" (מנחה, minchah) often refers to offerings that express devotion and gratitude. This phrase suggests that Joash, at least at one point, had a personal investment in the spiritual life of Judah, making his later actions more poignant.

and all the gold found in the treasuries of the house of the LORD and of the royal palace
Gold, a symbol of wealth and divine favor, was abundant in the temple and palace treasuries. The use of these resources for tribute rather than worship reflects a shift in priorities, from spiritual devotion to political survival. The treasuries of the "house of the LORD" (בית יהוה, Beit Yahweh) were meant to support the temple's function as a place of worship and divine encounter, emphasizing the sacrilege of Joash's decision.

And he sent them to Hazael king of Aram
Hazael, the king of Aram, was a formidable adversary of Israel and Judah. His campaigns against Judah were part of a larger geopolitical struggle in the region. By sending these treasures to Hazael, Joash sought to buy peace, a common practice in ancient Near Eastern diplomacy. However, this act of appeasement reflects a lack of faith in God's protection and a reliance on human solutions.

who had marched up to fight against Jerusalem
The threat against Jerusalem, the city of God, underscores the gravity of the situation. Jerusalem was not only the political capital but also the spiritual heart of Judah. The Hebrew verb for "marched up" (עלה, alah) conveys a sense of impending danger and urgency. This context highlights the pressure Joash faced and the choices he made under duress, serving as a cautionary tale about the consequences of compromising faith for security.

As for the rest of the acts of Joash
This phrase introduces a summary statement about King Joash's reign. The Hebrew word for "acts" is "ma'aseh," which can refer to deeds, works, or accomplishments. Joash's reign was marked by significant events, including the repair of the Temple, which was a major religious reform. His acts are a testament to his leadership and the impact he had on Judah's spiritual and political life. The phrase suggests that there is more to Joash's account than what is recorded in this particular passage, inviting readers to explore further.

along with all that he did
This phrase emphasizes the comprehensive nature of Joash's actions during his reign. The Hebrew word "kol" means "all" or "everything," indicating that Joash's reign was filled with numerous activities and decisions. Historically, Joash's reign was a time of both religious reform and political challenges. His efforts to restore the Temple highlight his commitment to the worship of Yahweh, yet his reign also faced difficulties, including threats from external enemies and internal strife.

are they not written
This rhetorical question implies that the detailed records of Joash's reign are documented elsewhere. The use of rhetorical questions in Hebrew literature often serves to affirm the certainty of a statement. It suggests that the reader can find a more detailed account of Joash's reign in another source, underscoring the importance of written records in preserving history and ensuring accountability.

in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah
This phrase refers to a historical record that chronicled the reigns of the kings of Judah. The "Book of the Chronicles" is not the same as the biblical books of 1 and 2 Chronicles but was likely an official royal archive. The existence of such records highlights the importance of documentation in ancient Israelite society. It also points to the meticulous nature of historical recording in the ancient Near East, where kings' deeds were preserved for posterity. This phrase reassures the reader that Joash's full account is preserved, even if not all details are included in the biblical narrative.

So his servants conspired against him
The phrase "his servants conspired" indicates a betrayal from within, a theme recurrent in the narratives of the kings of Israel and Judah. The Hebrew root for "conspired" is "קָשַׁר" (qashar), meaning to bind or tie together, often used in the context of forming a secret plan. This highlights the treachery and deceit that can arise even among those closest to a leader. Historically, such conspiracies were not uncommon in ancient Near Eastern monarchies, where power struggles and political intrigue were prevalent. This serves as a reminder of the fallen nature of humanity and the need for divine wisdom and protection in leadership.

and killed Joash
The act of killing Joash, the king of Judah, marks a tragic end to his reign. Joash, also known as Jehoash, began his rule with promise, having been saved from the massacre of the royal family by his aunt Jehosheba and raised under the guidance of the priest Jehoiada. However, after Jehoiada's death, Joash's reign deteriorated as he turned away from God. The Hebrew word for "killed" is "הָרַג" (harag), which conveys a sense of violent death. This reflects the severe consequences of turning away from God's commandments and the instability that can ensue when a leader forsakes divine guidance.

at Beth-millo
Beth-millo is a location whose exact identification remains uncertain, though it is believed to be a part of the fortifications of Jerusalem. The name "Millo" is derived from the Hebrew "מִלּוֹא" (millo), meaning "fill" or "rampart," suggesting a place of strategic importance. This setting underscores the vulnerability of Joash, who, despite being in a fortified area, could not escape the consequences of his actions. It serves as a metaphor for the false security that earthly power and defenses can provide when one is not aligned with God's will.

on the road that goes down to Silla
The mention of "the road that goes down to Silla" provides a geographical context, though the exact location of Silla is not definitively known. The road signifies a path or journey, often used metaphorically in Scripture to represent one's spiritual journey or life choices. The descent to Silla can symbolize Joash's spiritual decline and the downward trajectory of his reign. It is a poignant reminder of the importance of staying on the path of righteousness and the dangers of deviating from God's ways.

Jozabad son of Shimeath and Jehozabad son of Shomer, his servants
This phrase introduces the assassins of King Joash. The names "Jozabad" and "Jehozabad" are of Hebrew origin, meaning "Yahweh has bestowed" and "Yahweh has given," respectively. These names reflect a common practice in ancient Israel of incorporating the name of God (Yahweh) into personal names, signifying a cultural and religious acknowledgment of divine providence. The mention of their lineage, "son of Shimeath" and "son of Shomer," provides a historical context, indicating their familial ties and possibly their roles within the royal household. The term "his servants" suggests that these men were close to the king, highlighting the theme of betrayal from within, a recurring motif in the narratives of the kings of Israel and Judah.

struck him down and he died
This phrase succinctly describes the assassination of King Joash. The Hebrew root for "struck" (נכה, nakah) often implies a violent or decisive blow, indicating the severity and finality of the act. The phrase "and he died" confirms the success of their conspiracy, marking the end of Joash's reign. This act of regicide reflects the turbulent and often dangerous nature of monarchical rule in ancient Israel, where political power struggles frequently led to violent outcomes.

And they buried him with his fathers in the City of David
The burial "with his fathers" signifies Joash's inclusion in the royal lineage, despite his assassination. The "City of David" refers to Jerusalem, specifically the area known as the City of David, which was the original settlement of King David and his successors. This burial location underscores the continuity of the Davidic line, a significant theme in the biblical narrative, emphasizing God's covenant with David and the enduring legacy of his dynasty.

and his son Amaziah reigned in his place
The transition of power to "his son Amaziah" highlights the dynastic succession typical of the Davidic line. Amaziah's ascension to the throne represents the continuation of the Davidic covenant, despite the political upheaval. The name "Amaziah" means "Yahweh is mighty," reflecting the hope and expectation placed upon him to restore stability and faithfulness to the kingdom. This phrase encapsulates the biblical theme of divine sovereignty and providence, where despite human failings and political machinations, God's purposes and promises continue to unfold through the lineage of David.