Joshua 23:2
New International Version
summoned all Israel—their elders, leaders, judges and officials—and said to them: “I am very old.

New Living Translation
called together all the elders, leaders, judges, and officers of Israel. He said to them, “I am now a very old man.

English Standard Version
Joshua summoned all Israel, its elders and heads, its judges and officers, and said to them, “I am now old and well advanced in years.

Berean Standard Bible
he summoned all Israel, including its elders, leaders, judges, and officers. “I am old and well along in years,” he said,

King James Bible
And Joshua called for all Israel, and for their elders, and for their heads, and for their judges, and for their officers, and said unto them, I am old and stricken in age:

New King James Version
And Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders, for their heads, for their judges, and for their officers, and said to them: “I am old, advanced in age.

New American Standard Bible
that Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders, their heads, their judges, and their officers, and said to them, “I am old, advanced in years.

NASB 1995
that Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and their heads and their judges and their officers, and said to them, “I am old, advanced in years.

NASB 1977
that Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and their heads and their judges and their officers, and said to them, “I am old, advanced in years.

Legacy Standard Bible
that Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and their heads and their judges and their officers, and said to them, “I am old, advanced in years.

Amplified Bible
that Joshua called all Israel, their elders and their heads and their judges and their officers, and said to them, “I am old and advanced in years.

Christian Standard Bible
So Joshua summoned all Israel, including its elders, leaders, judges, and officers, and said to them, “I am old, advanced in age,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
So Joshua summoned all Israel, including its elders, leaders, judges, and officers, and said to them, “I am old, getting on in years,

American Standard Version
that Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and for their heads, and for their judges and for their officers, and said unto them, I am old and well stricken in years:

Contemporary English Version
One day he called a meeting of the leaders of the tribes of Israel, including the old men, the judges, and the officials. Then he told them: I am now very old.

English Revised Version
that Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and for their heads, and for their judges and for their officers, and said unto them, I am old and well stricken in years:

GOD'S WORD® Translation
So he called all the leaders, chiefs, judges, and officers of Israel together. He said to them, "I am old, near the end of my life.

Good News Translation
so he called all Israel, the elders, leaders, judges, and officers of the people, and said, "I am very old now.

International Standard Version
Joshua called together all Israel, including their leaders, officials, judges, and tribal officers. He told them, "I am old now after having lived many years.

Majority Standard Bible
he summoned all Israel, including its elders, leaders, judges, and officers. ?I am old and well along in years,? he said,

NET Bible
So Joshua summoned all Israel, including the elders, rulers, judges, and leaders, and told them: "I am very old.

New Heart English Bible
that Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and for their heads, and for their judges and for their officers, and said to them, "I am old and well advanced in years.

Webster's Bible Translation
And Joshua called for all Israel, and for their elders, and for their heads, and for their judges, and for their officers, and said to them, I am old and advanced in age:

World English Bible
Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and for their heads, and for their judges and for their officers, and said to them, “I am old and well advanced in years.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and Joshua calls for all Israel, for his elderly, and for his heads, and for his judges, and for his authorities, and says to them, “I have become old; I have entered into days;

Young's Literal Translation
and Joshua calleth for all Israel, for its elders, and for its heads, and for its judges, and for its authorities, and saith unto them, 'I have become old; I have entered into days;

Smith's Literal Translation
And Joshua will call to all Israel, to his old men and to his heads and to his judges and to his scribes, and he will say to them, I have become old; I came into days:
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Josue called for all Israel, and for the elders, and for the princes, and for the judges, and for the masters, and said to them: I am old, and far advanced in years:

Catholic Public Domain Version
Joshua called all of Israel, and those greater by birth, and the leaders and rulers and teachers, and he said to them: “I am elderly and advanced in age.

New American Bible
he summoned all Israel, including their elders, leaders, judges, and officers, and said to them: “I am old and advanced in years.

New Revised Standard Version
Joshua summoned all Israel, their elders and heads, their judges and officers, and said to them, “I am now old and well advanced in years;
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And Joshua summoned all Israel, their elders, their heads, their judges, and their scribes, and said to them, I am old and well advanced in years;

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Yeshua called all Israel, its Elders and its Leaders and its Judges and its Scribes, and he said to them: “I am old and am advanced in years
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
that Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and for their heads, and for their judges and for their officers, and said unto them: 'I am old and well stricken in years.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And Joshua called together all the children of Israel, and their elders, and their chiefs, and their judges, and their officers; and said to them, I am old and advanced in years.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Joshua's Charge to Leaders
1A long time after the LORD had given Israel rest from all the enemies around them, when Joshua was old and well along in years, 2he summoned all Israel, including its elders, leaders, judges, and officers. “I am old and well along in years,” he said, 3“and you have seen everything that the LORD your God has done to all these nations for your sake, because it was the LORD your God who fought for you.…

Cross References
Deuteronomy 31:28-30
Assemble before me all the elders of your tribes and all your officers so that I may speak these words in their hearing and call heaven and earth to witness against them. / For I know that after my death you will become utterly corrupt and turn from the path I have commanded you. And in the days to come, disaster will befall you because you will do evil in the sight of the LORD to provoke Him to anger by the work of your hands.” / Then Moses recited aloud to the whole assembly of Israel the words of this song from beginning to end:

1 Kings 2:1-3
As the time drew near for David to die, he charged his son Solomon, / “I am about to go the way of all the earth. So be strong and prove yourself a man. / And keep the charge of the LORD your God to walk in His ways and to keep His statutes, commandments, ordinances, and decrees, as written in the Law of Moses, so that you may prosper in all you do and wherever you turn,

Acts 20:17-38
From Miletus, Paul sent to Ephesus for the elders of the church. / When they came to him, he said, “You know how I lived the whole time I was with you, from the first day I arrived in the province of Asia. / I served the Lord with great humility and with tears, especially in the trials that came upon me through the plots of the Jews. ...

2 Timothy 4:6-8
For I am already being poured out like a drink offering, and the time of my departure is at hand. / I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith. / From now on there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge, will award to me on that day—and not only to me, but to all who crave His appearing.

2 Peter 1:12-15
Therefore I will always remind you of these things, even though you know them and are established in the truth you now have. / I think it is right to refresh your memory as long as I live in the tent of my body, / because I know that this tent will soon be laid aside, as our Lord Jesus Christ has made clear to me. ...

Genesis 49:1-2
Then Jacob called for his sons and said, “Gather around so that I can tell you what will happen to you in the days to come: / Come together and listen, O sons of Jacob; listen to your father Israel.

1 Samuel 12:1-5
Then Samuel said to all Israel, “I have listened to your voice in all that you have said to me, and I have set over you a king. / Now here is the king walking before you, and I am old and gray, and my sons are here with you. I have walked before you from my youth until this day. / Here I am. Bear witness against me before the LORD and before His anointed: Whose ox or donkey have I taken? Whom have I cheated or oppressed? From whose hand have I accepted a bribe and closed my eyes? Tell me, and I will restore it to you.” ...

2 Samuel 23:1-2
These are the last words of David: “The oracle of David son of Jesse, the oracle of the man raised on high, the one anointed by the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel: / The Spirit of the LORD spoke through me; His word was on my tongue.

1 Chronicles 28:1-8
Now David summoned all the leaders of Israel to Jerusalem: the leaders of the tribes, the leaders of the divisions in the king’s service, the commanders of thousands and of hundreds, and the officials in charge of all the property and cattle of the king and his sons, along with the court officials and mighty men—every mighty man of valor. / Then King David rose to his feet and said, “Listen to me, my brothers and my people. It was in my heart to build a house as a resting place for the ark of the covenant of the LORD and as a footstool for our God. I had made preparations to build it, / but God said to me, ‘You are not to build a house for My Name, because you are a man of war who has shed blood.’ ...

2 Chronicles 24:15-16
When Jehoiada was old and full of years, he died at the age of 130. / And Jehoiada was buried with the kings in the City of David, because he had done what was good in Israel for God and His temple.

Psalm 71:18
Even when I am old and gray, do not forsake me, O God, until I proclaim Your power to the next generation, Your might to all who are to come.

Psalm 78:5-7
For He established a testimony in Jacob and appointed a law in Israel, which He commanded our fathers to teach to their children, / that the coming generation would know them—even children yet to be born—to arise and tell their own children / that they should put their confidence in God, not forgetting His works, but keeping His commandments.

Isaiah 46:4
Even to your old age, I will be the same, and I will bear you up when you turn gray. I have made you, and I will carry you; I will sustain you and deliver you.

Matthew 28:18-20
Then Jesus came to them and said, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Me. / Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, / and teaching them to obey all that I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, even to the end of the age.”

Luke 22:25-27
So Jesus declared, “The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them, and those in authority over them call themselves benefactors. / But you shall not be like them. Instead, the greatest among you should be like the youngest, and the one who leads like the one who serves. / For who is greater, the one who reclines at the table or the one who serves? Is it not the one who reclines? But I am among you as one who serves.


Treasury of Scripture

And Joshua called for all Israel, and for their elders, and for their heads, and for their judges, and for their officers, and said to them, I am old and stricken in age:

all Israel

Joshua 24:1
And Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel to Shechem, and called for the elders of Israel, and for their heads, and for their judges, and for their officers; and they presented themselves before God.

Deuteronomy 31:28
Gather unto me all the elders of your tribes, and your officers, that I may speak these words in their ears, and call heaven and earth to record against them.

1 Chronicles 28:1
And David assembled all the princes of Israel, the princes of the tribes, and the captains of the companies that ministered to the king by course, and the captains over the thousands, and captains over the hundreds, and the stewards over all the substance and possession of the king, and of his sons, with the officers, and with the mighty men, and with all the valiant men, unto Jerusalem.

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Joshua 23
1. Joshua's exhortation before his death
3. by former benefits
5. by promises
11. and by threatenings














So Joshua summoned all Israel, including its elders, leaders, judges, and officers
So Joshua summoned
The act of summoning here is significant, as it indicates a formal gathering initiated by Joshua. The Hebrew root for "summoned" is קָרָא (qara), which means to call out or proclaim. This is not a casual meeting but a deliberate assembly with a purpose. Joshua, as the leader appointed by God, is exercising his authority to bring together the people of Israel. This reflects the importance of leadership in guiding God's people and the responsibility of leaders to communicate God's will.

all Israel
The phrase "all Israel" emphasizes the unity and collective identity of the nation. It is not just a select group but the entire community that is being addressed. This inclusivity underscores the covenant relationship between God and His people, where every individual is part of the larger body. Historically, this gathering would have been a significant event, as it involved the entire nation coming together to hear Joshua's words, reinforcing their shared faith and purpose.

including its elders, leaders, judges, and officers
This list of groups highlights the structured leadership within Israel. Each group has a specific role in maintaining order and justice. The "elders" (זְקֵנִים, zekenim) were respected for their wisdom and experience. The "leaders" (רָאשִׁים, roshim) were heads of tribes or families, responsible for governance. The "judges" (שֹׁפְטִים, shoftim) were tasked with upholding the law and ensuring justice. The "officers" (שֹׁטְרִים, shotrim) were officials who assisted in administration and enforcement. This hierarchical structure reflects God's design for order and accountability within His people. It also serves as a reminder of the importance of godly leadership and the need for leaders to be aligned with God's purposes.

(2) Joshua called for all Israel (i.e., first). . . for their elders . . . heads . . . judges, and . . . officers.--The first "and" in the English Version of this verse should be omitted.

And said unto them . . .--The address which follows should be contrasted with that in Joshua 24. The first is suited to men of education, authority, and position in Israel, and concerns the duty of the rulers; the second contains one plain lesson for all the people, and makes no demand upon their intellect, nor does it require any position of influence or authority to carry out the instructions which it gives.

Verse 2. - All Israel. By their representatives, as subsequently mentioned. For their officers (see Joshua 1:10). In the original the pronoun is in the singular throughout (see note on Joshua 6:25). And said unto them. This speech is not, as Calvin, Maurer, and others have suggested, the same as that in ch. 24. (see notes there). Maurer believed that he was the first to entertain this idea, but he has been anticipated by Calvin. It consists largely of quotations from Deuteronomy.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
[he]
יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ (yə·hō·wō·šu·a‘)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3091: Joshua -- 'the LORD is salvation', Moses' successor, also the name of a number of Israelites

summoned
וַיִּקְרָ֤א (way·yiq·rā)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7121: To call, proclaim, read

all
לְכָל־ (lə·ḵāl)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

Israel,
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (yiś·rā·’êl)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc

including its elders,
לִזְקֵנָיו֙ (liz·qê·nāw)
Preposition-l | Adjective - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 2205: Old

leaders,
וּלְרָאשָׁ֔יו (ū·lə·rā·šāw)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 7218: The head

judges,
וּלְשֹׁפְטָ֖יו (ū·lə·šō·p̄ə·ṭāw)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 8199: To judge, pronounce sentence, to vindicate, punish, to govern, to litigate

and officers.
וּלְשֹֽׁטְרָ֑יו (ū·lə·šō·ṭə·rāw)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 7860: A scribe, an official superintendent, magistrate

“I
אֲנִ֣י (’ă·nî)
Pronoun - first person common singular
Strong's 589: I

am old
זָקַ֔נְתִּי (zā·qan·tî)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 2204: To be or become old

[and] advanced
בָּ֖אתִי (bā·ṯî)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 935: To come in, come, go in, go

in years,”
בַּיָּמִֽים׃ (bay·yā·mîm)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 3117: A day

he said,
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (way·yō·mer)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 559: To utter, say


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OT History: Joshua 23:2 That Joshua called for all Israel (Josh. Jos)
Joshua 23:1
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