Job 30:4
New International Version
In the brush they gathered salt herbs, and their food was the root of the broom bush.

New Living Translation
They pluck wild greens from among the bushes and eat from the roots of broom trees.

English Standard Version
they pick saltwort and the leaves of bushes, and the roots of the broom tree for their food.

Berean Standard Bible
They plucked mallow among the shrubs, and the roots of the broom tree were their food.

King James Bible
Who cut up mallows by the bushes, and juniper roots for their meat.

New King James Version
Who pluck mallow by the bushes, And broom tree roots for their food.

New American Standard Bible
Who pluck saltweed by the bushes, And whose food is the root of the broom shrub.

NASB 1995
Who pluck mallow by the bushes, And whose food is the root of the broom shrub.

NASB 1977
Who pluck mallow by the bushes, And whose food is the root of the broom shrub.

Legacy Standard Bible
Who pluck mallow by the bushes, And whose food is the root of the broom tree.

Amplified Bible
“They pluck [and eat] saltwort (mallows) among the bushes, And their food is the root of the broom shrub.

Christian Standard Bible
They plucked mallow among the shrubs, and the roots of the broom tree were their food.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
They plucked mallow among the shrubs, and the roots of the broom tree were their food.

American Standard Version
They pluck salt-wort by the bushes; And the roots of the broom are their food.

Contemporary English Version
They gather tasteless shrubs for food and firewood,

English Revised Version
They pluck salt-wort by the bushes; and the roots of the broom are their meat.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
They pick saltwort from the underbrush, and the roots of the broom plant are their food.

Good News Translation
They pulled up the plants of the desert and ate them, even the tasteless roots of the broom tree!

International Standard Version
"They would pluck off herbs from salt marshes to eat; and roots of the broom shrub for food.

Majority Standard Bible
They plucked mallow among the shrubs, and the roots of the broom tree were their food.

NET Bible
By the brush they would gather herbs from the salt marshes, and the root of the broom tree was their food.

New Heart English Bible
They pluck salt herbs by the bushes. The roots of the broom are their food.

Webster's Bible Translation
Who cut up mallows by the bushes, and juniper roots for their food.

World English Bible
They pluck salt herbs by the bushes. The roots of the broom tree are their food.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Those cropping mallows near a shrub, "" And their food [is] root of broom trees.

Young's Literal Translation
Those cropping mallows near a shrub, And broom-roots is their food.

Smith's Literal Translation
Plucking off sea purslain upon the shrub, the root of broom their bread.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And they ate grass, and barks of trees, and the root of junipers was their food.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And they chewed grass and the bark from trees, and the root of junipers was their food.

New American Bible
They plucked saltwort and shrubs; the roots of the broom plant were their food.

New Revised Standard Version
they pick mallow and the leaves of bushes, and to warm themselves the roots of broom.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
For they had lost their power completely.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
For all strength was lost upon them
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
They pluck salt-wort with wormwood; And the roots of the broom are their food.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Who compass the salt places on the sounding shore, who had salt herbs for their food, and were dishonorable and of no repute, in want of every good thing; who also ate roots of trees by reason of great hunger.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Job's Honor Turned into Contempt
3Gaunt from poverty and hunger, they gnawed the dry land, and the desolate wasteland by night. 4They plucked mallow among the shrubs, and the roots of the broom tree were their food. 5They were banished from among men, shouted down like thieves,…

Cross References
Lamentations 4:9-10
Those slain by the sword are better off than those who die of hunger, who waste away, pierced with pain because the fields lack produce. / The hands of compassionate women have cooked their own children, who became their food in the destruction of the daughter of my people.

2 Kings 4:38-39
When Elisha returned to Gilgal, there was a famine in the land. As the sons of the prophets were sitting at his feet, he said to his attendant, “Put on the large pot and boil some stew for the sons of the prophets.” / One of them went out to the field to gather herbs, and he found a wild vine from which he gathered as many wild gourds as his garment could hold. Then he came back and cut them up into the pot of stew, though no one knew what they were.

Ezekiel 4:16-17
Then He told me, “Son of man, I am going to cut off the supply of food in Jerusalem. They will anxiously eat bread rationed by weight, and in despair they will drink water by measure. / So they will lack food and water; they will be appalled at the sight of one another wasting away in their iniquity.

Isaiah 44:12-13
The blacksmith takes a tool and labors over the coals; he fashions an idol with hammers and forges it with his strong arms. Yet he grows hungry and loses his strength; he fails to drink water and grows faint. / The woodworker extends a measuring line; he marks it out with a stylus; he shapes it with chisels and outlines it with a compass. He fashions it in the likeness of man, like man in all his glory, that it may dwell in a shrine.

Jeremiah 14:1-6
This is the word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah concerning the drought: / “Judah mourns and her gates languish. Her people wail for the land, and a cry goes up from Jerusalem. / The nobles send their servants for water; they go to the cisterns, but find no water; their jars return empty. They are ashamed and humiliated; they cover their heads. ...

Genesis 3:18
Both thorns and thistles it will yield for you, and you will eat the plants of the field.

Psalm 102:4
My heart is afflicted, and withered like grass; I even forget to eat my bread.

Proverbs 27:7
The soul that is full loathes honey, but to a hungry soul, any bitter thing is sweet.

Isaiah 5:13
Therefore My people will go into exile for their lack of understanding; their dignitaries are starving and their masses are parched with thirst.

Ezekiel 34:29
And I will raise up for them a garden of renown, and they will no longer be victims of famine in the land or bear the scorn of the nations.

Matthew 4:2-4
After fasting forty days and forty nights, He was hungry. / The tempter came to Him and said, “If You are the Son of God, tell these stones to become bread.” / But Jesus answered, “It is written: ‘Man shall not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of God.’”

Luke 15:16
He longed to fill his belly with the pods the pigs were eating, but no one would give him a thing.

Mark 1:6
John was clothed in camel’s hair, with a leather belt around his waist. His food was locusts and wild honey.

Matthew 3:4
John wore a garment of camel’s hair, with a leather belt around his waist. His food was locusts and wild honey.

1 Corinthians 4:11
To this very hour we are hungry and thirsty, we are poorly clothed, we are brutally treated, we are homeless.


Treasury of Scripture

Who cut up mallows by the bushes, and juniper roots for their meat.

for their meat

2 Kings 4:38,39
And Elisha came again to Gilgal: and there was a dearth in the land; and the sons of the prophets were sitting before him: and he said unto his servant, Set on the great pot, and seethe pottage for the sons of the prophets…

Amos 7:14
Then answered Amos, and said to Amaziah, I was no prophet, neither was I a prophet's son; but I was an herdman, and a gatherer of sycomore fruit:

Luke 15:16
And he would fain have filled his belly with the husks that the swine did eat: and no man gave unto him.

Jump to Previous
Broom Brush Brushwood Bushes Cut Food Gather Gathered Herbs Juniper Leaves Making Mallows Meal Meat Pick Pluck Pulling Root Roots Salt Shrub Themselves Tree Warm Wormwood
Jump to Next
Broom Brush Brushwood Bushes Cut Food Gather Gathered Herbs Juniper Leaves Making Mallows Meal Meat Pick Pluck Pulling Root Roots Salt Shrub Themselves Tree Warm Wormwood
Job 30
1. Job's honor is turned into extreme contempt
15. and his prosperity into calamity














In the brush
The Hebrew word for "brush" here is "שִׂיחַ" (siach), which can refer to a bush or shrub. This term evokes an image of desolation and wilderness, a place where only the hardiest of plants can survive. In the context of Job's lament, it underscores the dire circumstances of those who are marginalized and forced to scavenge in barren lands. Historically, the wilderness was often seen as a place of testing and trial, as seen in the Israelites' journey through the desert. This setting amplifies the theme of suffering and abandonment that Job feels.

they gathered
The act of gathering implies a desperate search for sustenance. The Hebrew root "לָקַט" (laqet) suggests gleaning or collecting, often associated with the poor and needy who would gather leftover crops in fields. This imagery is reminiscent of the laws in Leviticus and Deuteronomy that allowed the poor to glean, highlighting the social and economic desperation of those Job describes. It reflects a life of survival, where every small provision is painstakingly collected.

salt herbs
The phrase "salt herbs" translates from the Hebrew "מַלּוּחַ" (malluach), which refers to plants that thrive in salty or arid soil, such as orach or saltwort. These plants are not typically considered desirable food, indicating the extreme poverty and deprivation of those who consume them. In biblical times, such herbs would be a last resort for sustenance, emphasizing the depth of destitution. This choice of food symbolizes the bitterness and harshness of life for those who are outcast and suffering.

and their food
The word "food" here is "לֶחֶם" (lechem) in Hebrew, commonly translated as bread or sustenance. In the ancient Near Eastern context, bread was a staple, representing life and provision. However, the juxtaposition of "food" with the root of the broom tree suggests a stark contrast to the nourishing bread, highlighting the meager and unsatisfying nature of their diet. This reflects the spiritual and physical hunger that Job feels, as he identifies with those who are deprived of basic needs.

was the root of the broom tree
The "broom tree" is translated from the Hebrew "רֹתֶם" (rotem), a type of shrub known for its hardiness in desert regions. The root of this plant, while edible, is bitter and not nutritious, symbolizing the extreme measures the destitute must take to survive. In biblical literature, the broom tree is often associated with desolation and refuge, as seen in Elijah's account in 1 Kings 19:4. This imagery reinforces the theme of isolation and despair, as Job feels cut off from the prosperity and community he once knew. The broom tree root, as sustenance, serves as a metaphor for the bitterness and hardship that have become Job's portion in life.

Verse 4. - Who cut up mallows by the bushes. One of the plants on which they feed is the malluch, not really a "mallow," but probably the Atriplex halimus which is "a shrub from four to five feet high, with many thick branches; the leaves are rather sour to the taste; the flowers are purple, and very small; it grows on the sea-coast in Greece, Arabia, Syria, etc., and belongs to the natural order Chenopodiace" (see Smith's 'Dict. of the Bible,' vol. 2. p. 215). And juniper roots for their meat. Most moderns regard the rothen as the Genista monosperma, which is a kind of broom. It is a leguminous plant, having a white flower. and grows plentifully in the Sinaitic desert, in Palestine, Syria, and Arabia. The root is very bitter, and would only be used as food under extreme pressure, but the fruit is readily eaten by sheep, and the roots would, no doubt, yield some nourishment (see Dr. Cunningham Geikie's work,' The Holy Land and the Bible,' vol. 1. p. 258).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
They plucked
הַקֹּטְפִ֣ים (haq·qō·ṭə·p̄îm)
Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 6998: To pluck off or out

mallow
מַלּ֣וּחַ (mal·lū·aḥ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4408: Sea-purslain

among
עֲלֵי־ (‘ă·lê-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

the shrubs,
שִׂ֑יחַ (śî·aḥ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7880: A bush, shrub, plant

and the roots
וְשֹׁ֖רֶשׁ (wə·šō·reš)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 8328: A root

of the broom tree
רְתָמִ֣ים (rə·ṯā·mîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 7574: Broom plant, retem

were their food.
לַחְמָֽם׃ (laḥ·mām)
Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 3899: Food, bread, grain


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OT Poetry: Job 30:4 They pluck salt herbs by the bushes (Jb)
Job 30:3
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