4008. peran

Lexical Summary

peran: Beyond, across, on the other side

Original Word: πέραν
Part of Speech: Adverb
Transliteration: peran
Pronunciation: peh'-ran
Phonetic Spelling: (per'-an)
KJV: beyond, farther (other) side, over
NASB: other side, beyond, cross, over
Word Origin: [apparently accusative case of an obsolete derivative of peiro "to pierce"]

1. through, i.e. across
{as adverb or preposition}

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance

beyond, further, over.

Apparently accusative case of an obsolete derivative of peiro (to "pierce"); through (as adverb or preposition), i.e. Across -- beyond, farther (other) side, over.

NAS Exhaustive Concordance

Word Origin
akin to pera (on the further side)
Definition
on the other side
NASB Translation
beyond (8), cross (1), other side (13), over (1).

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

STRONGS NT 4008: περαιτέρω

περαιτέρω (from περαίτερος, comparitive of πέρα), adverb, from Aeschylus down, further, beyond, besides: Acts 19:39 L Tr WH, for R G περί ἑτέρων. With this compare οὐδέν ζητήσετέ περαιτέρω, Plato, Phaedo,

c. 56, at the end, p. 107 b.

STRONGS NT 4008: πέρανπέραν, Ionic and epic περην, adv, from Homer down; the Sept. for עֵבֶר; beyond, on the other side;

a. τό πέραν, the region beyond, the opposite shore: Matthew 8:18, 28; Matthew 14:22; Matthew 16:5; Mark 4:35; Mark 5:21; Mark 6:45; Mark 8:13.

b. joined (like a preposition) with a genitive (Winer's Grammar, § 54, 6): πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης, John 6:22, 25; πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου, Matthew 4:15; Matthew 19:1; (Mark 10:1 L T Tr WH); John 1:28; John 3:26; with verbs of going it marks direction toward a place (over, beyond) John 6:1, 17; John 10:40; John 18:1; of the place whence (Matthew 4:25); Mark 3:8. τό πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης, Mark 5:1; (τοῦ Ιορδάνου, Mark 10:1 R G); τῆς λίμνης, Luke 13:22 (τοῦ ποταμοῦ, Xenophon, an. 3, 5, 2). (See Sophocles, Lexicon, under the word.)

Topical Lexicon

Meaning and Nuances in Context

Strong’s 4008 (πέραν with the cognate adverb περαιτέρω) marks a spatial or figurative boundary: “the other side,” “across,” “beyond,” or “further.” Scripture employs the term to indicate movement across a body of water, a political border, or a conceptual limit that must be surpassed.

Geographical Usage in the New Testament

1. Seas and Lakes – The word often frames crossings of the Sea of Galilee (Matthew 8:18; Mark 4:35; Luke 8:22; John 6:1).
2. The Jordan River – “Beyond the Jordan” became shorthand for the Transjordan territory (Matthew 4:15; Mark 3:8; John 1:28).
3. The Kidron Valley – John 18:1 applies the word to a short but decisive crossing from Jerusalem to Gethsemane.
4. Asia Minor Civic Boundaries – περαιτέρω in Acts 19:39 (“anything further”) pushes a legal discussion into another jurisdiction, hinting that “beyond” can be administrative as well as geographic.

Jesus’ Galilean Ministry on the Other Side

Crossings of the lake punctuate the Synoptic narrative and structure discipleship lessons:
• Matthew 8:18—A deliberate transition into stormy waters precedes teaching on true followership.
• Mark 5:1—Deliverance of the Gerasene demoniac demonstrates authority in Gentile territory.
• Mark 6:45; 8:13—Repeated crossings test the disciples’ perception of Christ’s identity and provision.

Beyond the Jordan: A Hub of Repentance and Renewal

John situates John the Baptist’s witness “beyond the Jordan” (John 1:28; 3:26; 10:40), a region associated with repentance, prophetic transition, and divine affirmation. Jesus deliberately returns there after conflict in Jerusalem, underscoring that authentic faith often flourishes outside religious centers.

Mission to the Gentiles

Matthew 4:15 cites Isaiah: “Galilee of the Gentiles”. “Beyond Jordan” signals a Messianic light dawning on peoples historically outside Israel’s covenant blessings. Every lake crossing into Decapolis or Gerasa rehearses this outward thrust, previewing the Great Commission.

Symbolic and Theological Resonances

1. Crossing as Exodus Motif – Each passage evokes Israel’s earlier crossings (Red Sea, Jordan) and forecasts the ultimate passage from death to life through Christ.
2. Boundary Breaking – Whether spatial (sea, river) or social (Jew–Gentile), πέραν accents salvation that transcends human barriers.
3. Eschatological Movement – Jesus moves persistently “to the other side,” portraying the in-breaking kingdom that advances toward every tribe and tongue.

Acts and the Expansion Beyond

The forensic use in Acts 19:39 (“anything further”) mirrors the Church’s missionary impulse. Paul’s gospel will soon move “further” west, illustrating how the term quietly anticipates geographical enlargement of witness.

The Discipleship Motif of Crossing Over

Every command to go πέραν requires trust in Christ amid uncertainty. Storms (Mark 4:35-41), scarcity (Mark 8:13-21), and demonic opposition (Mark 5:1-20) become classrooms where believers learn that obedience demands venturing “across” conventional safety.

Pastoral and Devotional Implications

• Obedience often begins with a simple “Let us go across” (Mark 4:35).
• Ministry effectiveness may lie “on the other side” of prejudice, comfort, or fear.
• Repentance and renewal can flourish outside familiar religious spaces, as witnessed “beyond the Jordan.”
• The Savior who leads believers across every boundary also meets them “on the other side” with power, provision, and peace.

Principal References

Matthew 4:15, 4:25, 8:18, 8:28, 14:22, 16:5, 19:1

Mark 3:8, 4:35, 5:1, 5:21, 6:45, 8:13, 10:1

Luke 8:22

John 1:28, 3:26, 6:1, 6:17, 6:22, 6:25, 10:40, 18:1

Acts 19:39

Forms and Transliterations

περαιτερω περαιτέρω περαν πέραν peraitero peraiterō peraitéro peraitérō peran péran

Englishman's Concordance

Matthew 4:15 Adv
GRK: ὁδὸν θαλάσσης πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου
NAS: OF THE SEA, BEYOND THE JORDAN,
KJV: of the sea, beyond Jordan,
INT: way of [the] sea beyond the Jordan

Matthew 4:25 Adv
GRK: Ἰουδαίας καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου
NAS: and Judea and [from] beyond the Jordan.
KJV: and [from] beyond Jordan.
INT: Judea and beyond the Jordan

Matthew 8:18 Adv
GRK: εἰς τὸ πέραν
NAS: to depart to the other side [of the sea].
KJV: to depart unto the other side.
INT: to the other side

Matthew 8:28 Adv
GRK: εἰς τὸ πέραν εἰς τὴν
NAS: When He came to the other side into the country
KJV: to the other side into
INT: to the other side to the

Matthew 14:22 Adv
GRK: εἰς τὸ πέραν ἕως οὗ
NAS: and go ahead of Him to the other side, while
KJV: him unto the other side, while he sent
INT: to the other side until that

Matthew 16:5 Adv
GRK: εἰς τὸ πέραν ἐπελάθοντο ἄρτους
NAS: came to the other side [of the sea], but they had forgotten
KJV: to the other side, they had forgotten
INT: to the other side they forgot bread

Matthew 19:1 Adv
GRK: τῆς Ἰουδαίας πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου
NAS: of Judea beyond the Jordan;
KJV: the coasts of Judaea beyond Jordan;
INT: of Judea beyond the Jordan

Mark 3:8 Adv
GRK: Ἰδουμαίας καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου
NAS: and from Idumea, and beyond the Jordan,
KJV: Idumaea, and [from] beyond Jordan; and
INT: Idumea and beyond the Jordan

Mark 4:35 Adv
GRK: εἰς τὸ πέραν
NAS: to them, Let us go over to the other side.
KJV: Let us pass over unto the other side.
INT: to the other side

Mark 5:1 Adv
GRK: εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης
NAS: They came to the other side of the sea,
KJV: unto the other side of the sea,
INT: to the other side of the sea

Mark 5:21 Adv
GRK: εἰς τὸ πέραν συνήχθη ὄχλος
NAS: in the boat to the other side, a large
KJV: ship unto the other side, much people
INT: to the other side was gathered a crowd

Mark 6:45 Adv
GRK: εἰς τὸ πέραν πρὸς Βηθσαιδάν
NAS: and go ahead of [Him] to the other side to Bethsaida,
KJV: to go to the other side before unto
INT: to the other side to Bethsaida

Mark 8:13 Adv
GRK: εἰς τὸ πέραν
NAS: and went away to the other side.
KJV: departed to the other side.
INT: into the other side

Mark 10:1 Adv
GRK: Ἰουδαίας καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου
NAS: of Judea and beyond the Jordan;
KJV: by the farther side of Jordan:
INT: of Judea and beyond the Jordan

Luke 8:22 Adv
GRK: εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς λίμνης
NAS: to them, Let us go over to the other side of the lake.
KJV: unto the other side of the lake.
INT: to the other side of the lake

John 1:28 Adv
GRK: Βηθανίᾳ ἐγένετο πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου
NAS: in Bethany beyond the Jordan,
KJV: in Bethabara beyond Jordan, where
INT: Bethany took place across the Jordan

John 3:26 Adv
GRK: μετὰ σοῦ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου
NAS: He who was with you beyond the Jordan,
KJV: with thee beyond Jordan, to whom
INT: with you beyond the Jordan

John 6:1 Adv
GRK: ὁ Ἰησοῦς πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης
NAS: went away to the other side of the Sea
KJV: Jesus went over the sea of Galilee,
INT: Jesus over the sea

John 6:17 Adv
GRK: πλοῖον ἤρχοντο πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης
NAS: into a boat, they [started to] cross the sea
KJV: a ship, and went over the sea toward
INT: boat they were going over the sea

John 6:22 Adv
GRK: ὁ ἑστηκὼς πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης
NAS: that stood on the other side of the sea
KJV: stood on the other side of the sea
INT: which stood on the other side of the sea

John 6:25 Adv
GRK: εὑρόντες αὐτὸν πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης
NAS: they found Him on the other side of the sea,
KJV: him on the other side of the sea,
INT: having found him the other side of the sea

John 10:40 Adv
GRK: ἀπῆλθεν πάλιν πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου
NAS: again beyond the Jordan
KJV: went away again beyond Jordan into
INT: departed again beyond the Jordan

John 18:1 Adv
GRK: μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ πέραν τοῦ Χειμάρρου
NAS: with His disciples over the ravine
KJV: his disciples over the brook Cedron,
INT: disciples of him beyond the winter stream

Acts 19:39 Adv-C
GRK: δέ τι περαιτέρω ἐπιζητεῖτε ἐν
INT: moreover anything beyond this you inquire in

Strong's Greek 4008
24 Occurrences

περαιτέρω — 1 Occ.
πέραν — 23 Occ.