Now when men began to multiply
The phrase "Now when men began to multiply" marks a significant transition in the narrative of Genesis. The Hebrew word for "men" here is "אָדָם" (adam), which can refer to humanity in general. This multiplication signifies the fulfillment of God's command to "be fruitful and multiply" (Genesis 1:28). It reflects a period of population growth and expansion across the earth. Historically, this era could be seen as a time when early human societies began to form, leading to increased social complexity and interaction. Theologically, it underscores the spread of human life as part of God's creative purpose, yet it also sets the stage for the ensuing moral decline that prompts divine intervention.

on the face of the earth
The phrase "on the face of the earth" emphasizes the geographical and universal scope of humanity's expansion. The Hebrew word for "earth" is "אֶרֶץ" (erets), which can mean land, country, or the entire world. This expression suggests that human beings were spreading across the entire planet, fulfilling their God-given mandate to inhabit and steward the earth. It also foreshadows the global impact of the events that follow, particularly the flood narrative. From a conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the belief in a historical Adam and Eve whose descendants populated the earth, aligning with a literal interpretation of the Genesis account.

and daughters were born to them
The mention of "daughters" being born highlights the natural process of human reproduction and the continuation of family lines. In Hebrew, "daughters" is "בָּנוֹת" (banot), which is significant in the context of the subsequent verses where the "sons of God" take notice of these daughters. This phrase sets the stage for the controversial interactions between the "sons of God" and the "daughters of men," which have been the subject of much theological debate. Historically, this could reflect the increasing complexity of human relationships and societal structures. Theologically, it points to the inherent value and dignity of women as part of God's creation, while also introducing the moral challenges that arise from human choices and interactions.

the sons of God
This phrase has been the subject of much debate and interpretation. In Hebrew, "sons of God" is "בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים" (bene ha'elohim). Traditionally, conservative Christian perspectives often interpret this as referring to angelic beings, based on the context and similar usage in other parts of the Old Testament, such as Job 1:6. This interpretation suggests a supernatural element, where these beings, created by God, overstepped their boundaries. Theologically, this highlights the theme of rebellion against God's order, a recurring motif in the Bible.

saw
The Hebrew word for "saw" is "רָאָה" (ra'ah), which implies more than just a casual glance. It suggests a deliberate and discerning observation. This act of seeing is reminiscent of Eve's seeing the fruit in Genesis 3:6, indicating a progression from sight to desire to action. It underscores the biblical theme of temptation and the human (or in this case, supernatural) propensity to covet what is not rightfully theirs.

that the daughters of men
This phrase, "בְּנוֹת הָאָדָם" (benot ha'adam), clearly distinguishes human women from the "sons of God." The term "men" (adam) is often used to denote humanity in general. This distinction sets up a contrast between the divine or semi-divine and the mortal, emphasizing the crossing of boundaries that God had established. It reflects the biblical narrative of the mixing of divine and human realms, which often leads to chaos and judgment.

were beautiful
The Hebrew word for "beautiful" is "טוֹבֹת" (tovot), which can also mean "good" or "pleasant." This echoes the language of creation in Genesis 1, where God saw that His creation was "good." However, here it is used to describe human desire, which can lead to sin when it deviates from God's will. The beauty of the daughters of men becomes a catalyst for the ensuing events, highlighting the biblical theme that external beauty can sometimes mask deeper spiritual issues.

and they took as wives
The phrase "they took" (וַיִּקְחוּ, vayikchu) implies a forceful or authoritative action. This is not a mutual or consensual union but rather an act of possession. Theologically, this reflects the corruption of God's design for marriage, which is meant to be a sacred covenant. The taking of wives by the "sons of God" suggests a violation of divine order and a prelude to the judgment that follows.

whomever they chose
The Hebrew word for "chose" is "בָּחָרוּ" (bacharu), indicating a selective and willful decision. This phrase underscores the autonomy and self-will of the "sons of God," acting according to their desires rather than divine guidance. It reflects the biblical theme of human (or supernatural) rebellion against God's authority, a choice that leads to the corruption and eventual judgment of the world.

So the LORD said
This phrase introduces a divine declaration, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "Yahweh," the personal name of God, which signifies His eternal presence and covenantal faithfulness. This sets the stage for a significant pronouncement from the Creator, highlighting His active role in human history and His concern for the moral state of humanity.

My Spirit
The term "Spirit" in Hebrew is "Ruach," which can mean breath, wind, or spirit. In this context, it refers to God's life-giving and sustaining presence among humanity. The Spirit's role is crucial in the creation narrative and throughout the Bible, symbolizing God's power and presence. Here, it underscores the divine patience and forbearance with human sinfulness, as well as the impending withdrawal of His sustaining grace due to mankind's persistent rebellion.

will not contend
The Hebrew word used here is "diyn," which can mean to strive, judge, or contend. This suggests a legal or judicial connotation, where God is seen as a judge who has been striving with humanity over their sinful ways. The use of this term indicates that there has been an ongoing divine effort to guide and correct humanity, but there is a limit to God's patience in the face of persistent disobedience.

with man forever
This phrase highlights the temporal nature of God's striving with humanity. The word "forever" (Hebrew "olam") often denotes an indefinite or long period rather than eternity. It implies that there is a divinely appointed time for repentance and correction, after which judgment will follow. This serves as a sobering reminder of the urgency of turning back to God and the finite nature of human opportunity to respond to His grace.

for he is mortal
The Hebrew word for "mortal" is "basar," meaning flesh. This emphasizes the frailty and transience of human life in contrast to the eternal nature of God. It serves as a reminder of humanity's dependence on God for life and sustenance. The acknowledgment of human mortality underscores the need for humility and repentance before the Creator.

his days shall be 120 years
This phrase has been interpreted in various ways. Some see it as a reduction of the human lifespan, while others view it as a countdown to the coming flood, giving humanity 120 years to repent. Historically, this period reflects God's patience and mercy, allowing ample time for change. It also serves as a prophetic warning of impending judgment, emphasizing the seriousness of sin and the necessity of aligning with God's will.

The Nephilim
The term "Nephilim" is derived from the Hebrew root "npl," which means "to fall." This has led to interpretations of the Nephilim as "fallen ones" or "giants." In the context of Genesis, the Nephilim are often understood as beings of great size and strength, possibly the offspring of the "sons of God" and "daughters of men." Their presence on earth is a subject of much debate, with some viewing them as literal giants and others as symbolic of great wickedness or fallen angels. The Nephilim are mentioned again in Numbers 13:33, where they are described as formidable inhabitants of Canaan, further emphasizing their imposing nature.

were on the earth in those days
This phrase situates the Nephilim in a specific historical context, suggesting a time before the flood when these beings existed. The mention of "those days" implies a period of significant moral decline and corruption on earth, setting the stage for the divine judgment of the flood. It highlights the pervasive influence of the Nephilim and their impact on the world, contributing to the wickedness that grieved God.

and afterward as well
This indicates that the influence or presence of the Nephilim extended beyond the initial period mentioned. It suggests that their legacy or impact continued even after the flood, possibly through their descendants or through the continued influence of their actions. This phrase underscores the enduring nature of their presence and the ongoing challenge they posed to humanity's relationship with God.

when the sons of God
The "sons of God" is a phrase that has sparked much theological debate. In the Hebrew text, "sons of God" is "bene Elohim," which can refer to divine beings or angels. Some interpretations suggest these were fallen angels who took human wives, while others propose they were descendants of Seth, representing a godly lineage that intermarried with the ungodly line of Cain. This phrase highlights the intersection of the divine and human realms, leading to significant consequences for humanity.

had relations with the daughters of men
This phrase describes the union between the "sons of God" and human women, resulting in the birth of the Nephilim. The phrase "had relations" implies a physical and possibly illicit union, which was contrary to God's design for humanity. This union is often seen as a transgression that contributed to the moral decay of the pre-flood world, emphasizing the seriousness of departing from God's established order.

And they bore them children
The offspring of these unions were the Nephilim, described as "mighty men of old." This phrase highlights the tangible results of the union between the "sons of God" and "daughters of men," leading to a new generation that was both powerful and influential. The birth of these children signifies a pivotal moment in the narrative, marking a departure from God's intended plan for human relationships and society.

who became the mighty men of old
The term "mighty men" is translated from the Hebrew "gibborim," which denotes strength, power, and valor. These individuals were renowned for their physical prowess and possibly their leadership or influence. The phrase "of old" suggests that their deeds and reputations were well-known and remembered throughout history, contributing to the legendary status of the Nephilim.

men of renown
This phrase indicates that the Nephilim were not only powerful but also famous or infamous. The Hebrew word for "renown" is "shem," which can mean "name" or "reputation." These men were distinguished by their actions and impact on the world, leaving a lasting legacy that was remembered by subsequent generations. Their renown, however, is often viewed negatively, as it is associated with the corruption and violence that led to the flood. This serves as a cautionary tale about the consequences of straying from God's will and the importance of maintaining righteousness in the face of temptation.

Then the LORD saw
The phrase begins with the divine observation, emphasizing God's omniscience. The Hebrew word for "saw" is "ra'ah," which implies not just seeing but perceiving and understanding fully. This indicates that God is not distant or unaware; He is intimately involved with His creation. His seeing is active and discerning, highlighting His role as a just judge who is aware of human actions and intentions.

the wickedness of man
"Wickedness" in Hebrew is "ra'ah," which conveys a sense of moral evil and corruption. This term underscores the depth of human depravity at this point in history. The "wickedness of man" suggests a collective moral failure, not just isolated acts of sin. It reflects a society that has turned away from God's righteousness, echoing the consequences of the Fall in Genesis 3.

was great upon the earth
The word "great" (Hebrew: "rab") signifies abundance and magnitude. The wickedness was not only present but pervasive, affecting the entire earth. This phrase suggests that sin had reached a critical mass, influencing all aspects of human life and society. It serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of unchecked sin and the need for divine intervention.

and that every inclination
The Hebrew word for "inclination" is "yetzer," which refers to the formation or framing of thoughts and intentions. This indicates that the very foundation of human thinking was corrupt. The use of "every" emphasizes the totality of this corruption, leaving no room for righteousness or goodness in human intentions.

of the thoughts of his heart
"Thoughts" (Hebrew: "machashavah") refers to the plans, purposes, and imaginations of the heart. The "heart" (Hebrew: "lev") in biblical terms is the center of one's being, encompassing mind, will, and emotions. This phrase highlights that the core of human identity and decision-making was tainted by sin, affecting all actions and desires.

was altogether evil
The phrase "altogether evil" underscores the complete moral bankruptcy of humanity. "Evil" (Hebrew: "ra") here is not just the absence of good but an active presence of moral corruption. This total depravity necessitates divine judgment and foreshadows the coming flood as a means of purging the earth.

all the time
This phrase indicates the constancy and persistence of human sinfulness. It suggests that there was no reprieve or moment of righteousness, but a continuous state of rebellion against God. This relentless sinfulness highlights the need for a savior and points forward to the redemptive work of Christ, who offers a new heart and spirit to those who believe.

And the LORD
The term "LORD" here is translated from the Hebrew "Yahweh," the personal name of God, emphasizing His covenant relationship with humanity. This name signifies God's eternal presence and His unchanging nature. In the context of Genesis, it underscores the personal involvement of God in the affairs of the world He created. Yahweh is not a distant deity but one who is intimately aware of and responsive to the actions of mankind.

regretted
The Hebrew word used here is "nacham," which can mean to be sorry, to console oneself, or to repent. In this context, it reflects a deep sorrow and a change in God's dealings with humanity due to their pervasive wickedness. It is important to understand that this does not imply a mistake on God's part, as God is omniscient and perfect. Instead, it conveys the profound impact of human sin on God's heart, highlighting His relational nature and the seriousness with which He views sin.

that He had made man
This phrase points back to the creation narrative where God declared His creation "very good" (Genesis 1:31). The creation of man was the pinnacle of God's creative work, made in His image to reflect His glory. The regret expressed here is not about the act of creation itself but about the moral decline of humanity. It serves as a stark reminder of the fall from grace and the consequences of sin, which marred the original goodness of creation.

on the earth
The earth, in Hebrew "erets," is not just a physical location but the stage for God's interaction with humanity. It is where God's purposes are to be fulfilled through His creation. The mention of the earth emphasizes the scope of human sinfulness, which has corrupted the very ground that was meant to be a place of blessing and communion with God. It also foreshadows the coming judgment that will cleanse the earth.

and He was grieved
The Hebrew word "atsab" conveys a deep emotional pain, akin to mourning. This anthropopathic expression helps us understand the depth of God's sorrow over sin. It is a powerful reminder that God is not indifferent to human actions; rather, He is profoundly affected by them. This grief is not just about the disobedience but about the broken relationship between God and humanity, which He desires to restore.

in His heart
The heart, or "leb" in Hebrew, is the center of one's being, encompassing mind, will, and emotions. God's heart being grieved indicates that His response to sin is not just judicial but deeply personal. It reveals the depth of God's love and His desire for a relationship with His creation. This phrase invites believers to reflect on the personal nature of sin and its impact on their relationship with God, encouraging repentance and a return to His ways.

So the LORD said
The phrase begins with a direct communication from the LORD, emphasizing His sovereign authority and the gravity of His pronouncement. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "Yahweh," the personal name of God, which conveys His eternal existence and covenantal faithfulness. This introduction sets the stage for a divine decree, underscoring the seriousness of the situation and the personal involvement of God in the affairs of humanity.

I will blot out
The Hebrew verb used here is "machah," which means to wipe out or erase. This term conveys a sense of complete removal or obliteration, indicating the totality of God's intended action. The use of "blot out" reflects the severity of the judgment due to the pervasive wickedness of humanity. It is a reminder of God's holiness and justice, as well as the consequences of sin.

man, whom I have created
This phrase highlights the intimate relationship between God and humanity. The word "created" is derived from the Hebrew "bara," which signifies divine creation. It reminds us that humanity is not a product of chance but of intentional divine craftsmanship. The fact that God is willing to destroy what He has created underscores the depth of human corruption and the seriousness of their rebellion against Him.

from the face of the earth
The expression "face of the earth" indicates the comprehensive scope of the judgment. It is not limited to a specific region but encompasses the entire inhabited world. This phrase serves as a sobering reminder of the global impact of sin and the extent of God's judgment when His creation turns away from Him.

every man and beast and crawling creature and bird of the air
This enumeration of living beings illustrates the breadth of the impending destruction. It reflects the interconnectedness of creation, where the sin of humanity affects all life. The inclusion of animals in the judgment highlights the far-reaching consequences of human sin, as all of creation suffers due to the fall of man.

for I am grieved
The Hebrew word "nacham" is used here, which can mean to be sorry, to repent, or to be grieved. This expression of divine emotion reveals God's deep sorrow over the state of His creation. It is not a change of mind in the human sense but an anthropopathic expression to convey God's profound displeasure with sin. It shows that God is not indifferent to the moral state of the world but is deeply affected by it.

that I have made them
This phrase reiterates God's role as the Creator and His original intention for creation. The grief expressed here is not over the act of creation itself but over the corruption that has ensued. It serves as a poignant reminder of the fall from the original goodness of creation and the tragic consequences of human disobedience.

But Noah
The introduction of Noah in this verse marks a pivotal moment in the Genesis narrative. The Hebrew name "Noah" (נֹחַ, Noach) is derived from the root נוּחַ (nuach), meaning "rest" or "comfort." This etymology is significant, as Noah is destined to bring a form of rest or relief to humanity amidst the impending judgment. In the broader scriptural context, Noah is a righteous man in a corrupt world, setting the stage for his role as a preserver of life and a precursor to the covenantal relationship between God and humanity.

found favor
The phrase "found favor" is translated from the Hebrew word חֵן (chen), which means "grace" or "favor." This is the first occurrence of the word in the Bible, highlighting its importance. In the conservative Christian perspective, this favor is not earned by Noah's deeds but is a manifestation of God's grace. It underscores the theological principle that God's grace is sovereign and unmerited, a theme that resonates throughout the entirety of Scripture, culminating in the New Testament with the grace offered through Jesus Christ.

in the eyes of the LORD
The expression "in the eyes of the LORD" signifies divine perception and approval. The Hebrew word for "eyes" (עֵינַיִם, enayim) often symbolizes insight and understanding. This phrase indicates that God, who sees all, recognizes Noah's righteousness amidst widespread corruption. The "LORD" here is the translation of the tetragrammaton YHWH (יהוה), the personal name of God, emphasizing His covenantal faithfulness and intimate involvement with His creation. This divine favor sets Noah apart, preparing him for his role in God's redemptive plan, which foreshadows the ultimate redemption through Christ.

This is the account of Noah
The phrase introduces a new section in the Genesis narrative, marking a transition from the broader account of humanity to a focus on Noah. The Hebrew word for "account" is "toledot," often translated as "generations" or "descendants." It signifies a record or history, emphasizing the importance of Noah's lineage and the pivotal role he plays in God's redemptive plan. This introduction sets the stage for the unfolding of God's covenant with Noah, highlighting the continuity of God's work through specific individuals.

Noah was a righteous man
The Hebrew word for "righteous" is "tsaddiq," which denotes someone who is just, lawful, and in right standing with God. In the context of a world filled with corruption and violence, Noah's righteousness is a stark contrast. His life exemplifies obedience and faithfulness to God's commands, serving as a model for believers. This righteousness is not self-derived but is a result of Noah's relationship with God, pointing to the transformative power of divine grace.

blameless in his generation
The term "blameless" comes from the Hebrew "tamim," meaning complete, whole, or without defect. It suggests moral integrity and purity. In a generation characterized by moral decay, Noah's blamelessness sets him apart. This does not imply sinlessness but rather a wholehearted devotion to God. His life is a testament to the possibility of living a godly life amidst pervasive wickedness, encouraging believers to pursue holiness regardless of societal norms.

Noah walked with God
The phrase "walked with God" is a profound expression of intimacy and fellowship. The Hebrew word "halak" means to walk or to go, indicating a continuous, habitual lifestyle. This echoes the relationship Enoch had with God (Genesis 5:24), suggesting a deep, personal communion. Walking with God implies agreement with His will, alignment with His purposes, and a life directed by His presence. It is an invitation for believers to cultivate a daily, vibrant relationship with the Creator, characterized by trust, obedience, and companionship.

And Noah had
The phrase "And Noah had" introduces us to the familial context of Noah, a pivotal figure in the Genesis narrative. The Hebrew root for "Noah" is "נֹחַ" (Noach), meaning "rest" or "comfort." This name is significant, as Noah is seen as a figure of rest amidst the chaos of a corrupt world. The mention of his progeny here sets the stage for the continuation of humanity post-flood, emphasizing the importance of lineage and legacy in biblical narratives.

three sons
The number "three" in biblical terms often signifies completeness or divine perfection. The mention of "three sons" here is not just a genealogical note but a theological one, indicating the completeness of Noah's family unit. In the context of the ancient Near East, having sons was crucial for the continuation of one's lineage and for maintaining one's legacy. Sons were seen as a blessing and a means through which God's promises could be fulfilled.

Shem
Shem, the first son mentioned, is often associated with the Semitic peoples, from whom the Israelites are descended. The name "Shem" in Hebrew (שֵׁם) means "name" or "renown." This is significant as it foreshadows the role of Shem's descendants in carrying forth the name and renown of God through the establishment of Israel and the eventual coming of the Messiah. Shem's lineage is often seen as the line through which God's covenantal promises are realized.

Ham
Ham, the second son, is traditionally associated with the peoples of Africa and parts of the Near East. The name "Ham" (חָם) in Hebrew can mean "hot" or "warm," possibly reflecting the regions his descendants would inhabit. Historically, Ham's lineage is noted for its diversity and the establishment of various ancient civilizations. The narrative of Ham and his descendants is complex, often reflecting themes of both blessing and judgment.

and Japheth
Japheth, the third son, is associated with the peoples of Europe and parts of Asia. The name "Japheth" (יֶפֶת) is believed to mean "expansion" or "enlargement," which aligns with the biblical prophecy that Japheth's descendants would spread widely across the earth. This expansion is seen as part of God's plan to fill the earth and reflects the diversity and spread of humanity post-flood. Japheth's lineage is often viewed as embodying the fulfillment of God's command to "be fruitful and multiply."

Now the earth
The phrase "Now the earth" sets the stage for a global perspective. In Hebrew, "earth" is "erets," which can mean land, country, or the entire world. This indicates that the following description is not limited to a specific region but encompasses the whole of creation. The use of "earth" here emphasizes the universality of the problem, suggesting that the corruption and violence were not isolated but widespread.

was corrupt
The Hebrew word for "corrupt" is "shachath," which means to destroy, ruin, or decay. This word implies a moral and spiritual decay that has permeated the earth. The corruption is not merely physical but deeply ethical, indicating a departure from God's intended order. This corruption is a result of humanity's sin, reflecting a world that has turned away from God's righteousness.

in the sight of God
This phrase underscores the omniscience of God, who sees all things. The Hebrew word for "sight" is "paniym," meaning face or presence. It suggests that the corruption was evident before God, who is the ultimate judge of moral and spiritual integrity. This highlights the seriousness of the situation, as it is not just humanity's perspective but God's assessment that the earth is corrupt.

and full of violence
The Hebrew word for "violence" is "chamas," which denotes cruelty, injustice, and oppression. This term indicates that the corruption of the earth manifested in social and relational breakdowns, where violence became rampant. The phrase "full of violence" suggests that violence was pervasive and systemic, affecting all aspects of life. This paints a picture of a world in chaos, far removed from the peace and harmony God intended.

God looked upon the earth
This phrase emphasizes the omniscience and omnipresence of God. The Hebrew word for "looked" is "ra'ah," which means to see, perceive, or consider. It implies a deep, penetrating observation, not just a casual glance. In the context of Genesis, this divine observation signifies God's intimate involvement with His creation. It is a reminder that nothing escapes God's notice, and He is fully aware of the moral state of humanity. This should inspire believers to live righteously, knowing that God sees and knows all.

and saw that it was corrupt
The Hebrew word for "corrupt" is "shachath," which means to destroy, ruin, or spoil. This word conveys a sense of moral decay and degradation. The earth, which God originally created as "very good" (Genesis 1:31), has now become tainted by sin. This corruption is not just physical but spiritual, affecting the very essence of creation. The historical context here is crucial, as it sets the stage for the impending judgment through the flood. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of turning away from God's righteous standards.

for all living creatures on the earth
The phrase "all living creatures" includes not only humanity but also the animal kingdom. The Hebrew term "basar" is often translated as "flesh" and refers to all living beings. This highlights the pervasive nature of sin, affecting all of creation. It reflects the interconnectedness of life and how the fall of man has repercussions beyond human beings. This should inspire believers to recognize the impact of their actions on the world around them and strive to be stewards of God's creation.

had corrupted their ways
The word "ways" in Hebrew is "derek," which means path, journey, or manner of life. This indicates that the corruption was not just a one-time act but a habitual lifestyle. The phrase suggests a deliberate choice to deviate from God's intended path. Historically, this period was marked by increasing wickedness and violence, as described earlier in Genesis 6. This serves as a warning to believers about the dangers of straying from God's commandments and the importance of walking in His ways. It is a call to repentance and a return to righteousness, emphasizing the need for a heart transformation that aligns with God's will.

Then God said
This phrase marks a divine communication, emphasizing the direct interaction between God and Noah. In Hebrew, the word for "said" is "אָמַר" (amar), which is often used to denote authoritative speech. This highlights the personal and relational nature of God, who chooses to reveal His plans to humanity. It underscores the importance of divine revelation and the responsibility of the recipient to heed God's words.

to Noah
Noah, whose name in Hebrew means "rest" or "comfort," is a pivotal figure in this narrative. He is described as a righteous man, blameless among the people of his time (Genesis 6:9). This sets Noah apart as a man of faith and obedience, chosen by God to be the instrument of salvation for humanity and the animal kingdom. His character is a testament to the possibility of living righteously even in a corrupt world.

The end of all living creatures
The phrase "the end" in Hebrew is "קֵץ" (qets), indicating a conclusion or termination. This is a solemn declaration of judgment, reflecting the gravity of the situation. The term "all living creatures" encompasses humanity and the animal kingdom, signifying the widespread corruption that has permeated creation. This highlights the comprehensive nature of God's judgment due to pervasive sin.

has come before Me
This expression suggests that the state of the world has reached a point of no return in God's sight. The Hebrew word "לְפָנַי" (lefanai) means "before Me" or "in My presence," indicating that God is fully aware of the extent of the corruption. It underscores God's omniscience and His moral governance over creation, where nothing is hidden from His sight.

because through them the earth is full of violence
The Hebrew word for "violence" is "חָמָס" (chamas), which implies cruelty, injustice, and lawlessness. This phrase identifies the cause of divine judgment: the pervasive violence that has corrupted the earth. It reflects the breakdown of moral and social order, where humanity's sin has defiled God's creation. This serves as a warning of the consequences of unchecked sin.

Now behold
The word "behold" in Hebrew is "הִנֵּה" (hinneh), a term used to draw attention to something significant. It serves as a divine announcement, urging the listener to pay close attention to what follows. This highlights the urgency and importance of God's message, calling for immediate attention and response.

I will destroy both them and the earth
The Hebrew word for "destroy" is "שָׁחַת" (shachat), which means to ruin or corrupt. This indicates a divine act of judgment, where God will cleanse the earth of its corruption. The inclusion of "the earth" signifies the extent of the judgment, affecting both humanity and the physical world. This reflects the seriousness of sin and God's commitment to justice and righteousness.

Make for yourself
The phrase "make for yourself" indicates a personal responsibility and divine command given directly to Noah. In Hebrew, the word "עשה" (asah) is used, which means to do, make, or accomplish. This command signifies God's direct involvement in human affairs, emphasizing the personal relationship between God and Noah. It highlights the importance of obedience and action in faith, as Noah is tasked with a monumental project that requires trust in God's plan.

an ark
The term "ark" comes from the Hebrew word "תבה" (tebah), which is used here and in the account of Moses' basket. It signifies a vessel of salvation and preservation. The ark is a symbol of God's provision and protection amidst judgment. It foreshadows the salvation offered through Christ, as the ark was the means by which Noah and his family were saved from the flood, just as Christ is the means of salvation from sin.

of gopher wood
The exact nature of "gopher wood" is uncertain, as this is the only occurrence of the term in the Bible. Some scholars suggest it could refer to a type of cypress or cedar, known for their durability and resistance to decay. The choice of wood underscores the need for a strong and lasting structure, reflecting the enduring nature of God's covenant and the reliability of His promises.

make rooms in the ark
The instruction to "make rooms" indicates the need for order and preparation within the ark. The Hebrew word "קנים" (qanim) suggests compartments or nests, implying a place of safety and organization. This reflects God's attention to detail and care for His creation, ensuring that every creature has a place within His plan. It also symbolizes the church, where believers find their place and purpose in the body of Christ.

and coat it with pitch
The use of "pitch" (Hebrew: "כפר" - kopher) is significant, as it is related to the word for atonement or covering. This coating provided waterproofing, ensuring the ark's ability to withstand the floodwaters. Spiritually, it represents the covering of sin through atonement, pointing to the sacrificial work of Christ, who covers and protects believers from the judgment of sin.

inside and out
The thoroughness of coating the ark "inside and out" emphasizes complete protection and security. It signifies the comprehensive nature of God's salvation, which covers every aspect of a believer's life. This dual coating ensures that the ark is fully prepared for the coming deluge, just as believers are fully covered by the righteousness of Christ, safeguarding them from spiritual peril.

And this is how you are to build it
This phrase introduces God's specific instructions to Noah, emphasizing divine guidance in the construction of the ark. The Hebrew word for "build" is "בָּנָה" (banah), which implies not just physical construction but also the establishment of something significant and enduring. This reflects the ark's role as a vessel of salvation and a new beginning for humanity. The directive nature of this phrase underscores the importance of obedience to God's commands, a recurring theme throughout Scripture.

The ark is to be
The term "ark" in Hebrew is "תֵּבָה" (tebah), which is used here and in the account of Moses' basket. It signifies a container or vessel of preservation. The ark is a symbol of God's provision and protection amidst judgment. It serves as a type of Christ, who is our refuge and salvation. The use of "is to be" indicates a divine mandate, reinforcing the idea that the ark's construction is not merely a human endeavor but a fulfillment of God's sovereign plan.

three hundred cubits long
A "cubit" is an ancient measurement roughly equivalent to 18 inches or 45 centimeters, based on the length of the forearm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. The specification of "three hundred cubits" (approximately 450 feet or 137 meters) highlights the ark's massive scale, reflecting the magnitude of God's plan for redemption. This measurement also underscores the ark's capacity to house representatives of all living creatures, symbolizing the inclusivity of God's salvation.

fifty cubits wide
The width of "fifty cubits" (approximately 75 feet or 23 meters) contributes to the ark's stability and balance, essential for withstanding the tumultuous floodwaters. This dimension reflects God's wisdom in design, ensuring the ark's functionality and safety. It also symbolizes the breadth of God's mercy, wide enough to encompass all who seek refuge in Him.

and thirty cubits high
The height of "thirty cubits" (approximately 45 feet or 13.5 meters) provides the ark with the necessary buoyancy and space to accommodate its occupants. This vertical dimension signifies the ark's ability to rise above the floodwaters, a metaphor for spiritual elevation and deliverance. It also points to the transcendence of God's ways, which are higher than human understanding, and His power to lift us above the trials of life.

You are to make a roof for the ark
The Hebrew word for "roof" here is "tzohar," which can also mean "window" or "light." This suggests that the roof was not merely a covering but also a source of illumination for the ark. In a spiritual sense, this can symbolize God's provision of light and guidance even in times of judgment and darkness. The ark, a vessel of salvation, was to be illuminated, reminding us that God's presence brings light into our lives.

finish the ark to within a cubit of the top
The term "cubit" is derived from the Hebrew word "ammah," which is an ancient unit of measurement roughly equivalent to the length of a forearm, about 18 inches. This precise instruction indicates the importance of following God's commands meticulously. The cubit measurement signifies the need for exactness in obedience, reflecting a life lived in accordance with divine standards. The ark's construction was not arbitrary but divinely ordained, symbolizing the precision and care with which God orchestrates His plans.

and put a door in the side of the ark
The "door" in the Hebrew text is "petach," which signifies an opening or entrance. This door was the only means of entry into the ark, symbolizing the exclusivity of salvation through God's provision. In a broader theological context, this can be seen as a foreshadowing of Christ, who declared Himself the "door" (John 10:9), the sole entry point to salvation. The placement of the door in the side of the ark also suggests accessibility and readiness to receive those who would enter, much like the open invitation of the Gospel.

Make lower, middle, and upper decks
The construction of "lower, middle, and upper decks" indicates a structured and ordered design, reflecting God's nature as a God of order and purpose. The Hebrew word for "decks" is "ma'alah," which can also mean "stories" or "levels." This tripartite division of the ark can symbolize the completeness and sufficiency of God's provision. It also reflects the comprehensive nature of God's salvation, accommodating all who would come to Him. The three levels may also remind us of the Trinity, underscoring the fullness of God's presence and work in the world.

And behold
The phrase "And behold" serves as a divine announcement, drawing attention to the gravity and certainty of what is to follow. In Hebrew, the word "hinneh" is often used to emphasize the importance of the message. It is a call to the reader or listener to pay close attention, as God is about to reveal His sovereign plan. This phrase underscores the seriousness of God's intentions and the need for humanity to heed His warnings.

I will bring
The phrase "I will bring" indicates God's direct involvement and authority over the forthcoming events. The Hebrew verb "mabiy'" conveys a sense of intentionality and purpose. It is not a random act of nature but a deliberate act of divine judgment. This highlights God's sovereignty and His active role in the unfolding of history, reminding us that He is in control of all creation.

floodwaters
The term "floodwaters" refers to the deluge that God would send upon the earth. In Hebrew, the word "mabbul" is used, which is unique to the Genesis flood narrative. This catastrophic event is not merely a natural disaster but a divine intervention to cleanse the earth of its corruption. The floodwaters symbolize both judgment and purification, reflecting God's holiness and justice.

upon the earth
The phrase "upon the earth" signifies the global scope of the flood. The Hebrew word "erets" can mean land or earth, and in this context, it emphasizes the universality of the judgment. This was not a localized event but one that affected the entire world, underscoring the pervasive nature of human sin and the need for comprehensive divine action.

to destroy
The word "to destroy" conveys the severity of the judgment. The Hebrew verb "shachath" implies complete ruin or annihilation. This is a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin and the seriousness with which God views moral corruption. It serves as a warning of the ultimate judgment that awaits unrepentant humanity.

every creature under heaven
This phrase highlights the extent of the flood's impact. "Every creature under heaven" includes all living beings, emphasizing the totality of the destruction. The Hebrew phrase "kol basar" (all flesh) indicates that no part of creation is exempt from the effects of sin and the subsequent judgment. It serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of creation and the far-reaching consequences of human actions.

that has the breath of life
The phrase "that has the breath of life" refers to all living creatures endowed with life by God. The Hebrew word "ruach" (breath) is often associated with the spirit or life force. This highlights the sanctity of life and the divine origin of all living beings. It also underscores the tragedy of the flood, as it involves the loss of life that God Himself had breathed into existence.

Everything on the earth will perish
The concluding phrase "Everything on the earth will perish" reiterates the totality of the judgment. The Hebrew word "gava" (perish) indicates a complete end. This serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of sin and the reality of divine judgment. Yet, within this context of destruction, there is also a foreshadowing of hope, as God's plan for redemption and renewal is already in motion through Noah and the ark. This verse calls believers to reflect on the seriousness of sin, the certainty of judgment, and the hope of salvation through God's grace.

But I will establish
The phrase "But I will establish" signifies a divine initiative and promise. The Hebrew root for "establish" is "קָם" (qum), which means to rise, stand, or confirm. This indicates God's active role in setting up a firm and unbreakable agreement. In the context of Genesis, this is the first mention of a covenant, highlighting its importance as a foundational element in God's relationship with humanity. The use of "establish" underscores God's sovereignty and faithfulness, assuring Noah of His commitment amidst impending judgment.

My covenant
The term "covenant" comes from the Hebrew word "בְּרִית" (berit), which refers to a solemn agreement or promise. In the ancient Near Eastern context, covenants were binding agreements often sealed with a ritual. God's covenant with Noah is unilateral, initiated by God Himself, emphasizing His grace and mercy. This covenant is a precursor to later covenants in the Bible, such as those with Abraham and Moses, and ultimately points to the New Covenant through Christ. It reflects God's desire for a relationship with His creation and His plan for redemption.

with you
The phrase "with you" personalizes the covenant, indicating that Noah is the recipient of God's promise. It highlights the individual nature of God's call and His attention to personal faithfulness. Noah's righteousness and obedience set him apart in a corrupt world, making him a suitable partner for God's covenant. This personal aspect of the covenant foreshadows the personal relationship God desires with each believer, emphasizing that faith and obedience are key to experiencing God's promises.

and you will enter the ark
"Enter the ark" is a directive that signifies both physical salvation and spiritual obedience. The ark, a massive vessel built according to God's specifications, represents God's provision and protection. The Hebrew word for "ark" is "תֵּבָה" (tebah), which is also used for the basket that saved Moses, symbolizing deliverance. Entering the ark required faith in God's word and action in response to His command. This act of entering is symbolic of entering into God's salvation, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture, culminating in the invitation to enter into life through Christ.

you and your sons and your wife and your sons’ wives with you
This phrase underscores the inclusivity of God's covenant, extending beyond Noah to his family. It highlights the communal aspect of faith and salvation, where the faithfulness of one can impact many. The mention of Noah's family signifies the importance of family units in God's plan and the transmission of faith across generations. It also reflects God's grace in preserving a remnant through whom He would continue His redemptive work. This familial inclusion prefigures the household salvation seen in the New Testament, where entire families come to faith through the witness of one member.

And you are to bring
This phrase indicates a divine command given to Noah. The Hebrew root for "bring" is "בּוֹא" (bo), which means to come or go. This command signifies an active obedience required from Noah, emphasizing his role as a steward of God's creation. Historically, this reflects the ancient Near Eastern understanding of divine-human cooperation, where humans are entrusted with responsibilities by the divine.

two of every living thing
The phrase "two of every living thing" underscores the comprehensive nature of God's preservation plan. The Hebrew word for "living thing" is "חַי" (chai), which denotes life or living creatures. This reflects the biblical theme of God's care for all creation, not just humanity. It also highlights the diversity and richness of life that God values and seeks to preserve.

into the ark
The "ark" (תֵּבָה, tebah in Hebrew) is a vessel of salvation and protection. Archaeologically, while no direct evidence of the ark has been found, the concept of a large, protective vessel is consistent with ancient flood narratives found in Mesopotamian cultures. The ark symbolizes God's provision and refuge amidst judgment, a theme echoed throughout Scripture.

male and female
This phrase emphasizes the importance of gender pairs for the continuation of species. The Hebrew words "זָכָר" (zakar) for male and "נְקֵבָה" (neqebah) for female highlight the complementary nature of creation. This reflects the biblical understanding of gender roles and the necessity of both for the propagation of life, aligning with the creation mandate in Genesis 1:28.

to keep them alive with you
The purpose of bringing the animals into the ark is "to keep them alive," which in Hebrew is "לְהַחֲיוֹת" (le-hachayot). This phrase underscores God's intention to preserve life through Noah's obedience. It reflects the biblical theme of life preservation and continuity, even in the face of impending judgment. The inclusion of "with you" signifies Noah's integral role in God's plan, highlighting the partnership between divine sovereignty and human responsibility.

Two of every kind
This phrase emphasizes the completeness and diversity of God's creation. The Hebrew word for "kind" is "mîn," which signifies a category or species. This reflects God's intention to preserve the genetic diversity of life on Earth. The number "two" symbolizes the idea of pairing and continuity, ensuring that each species can reproduce and thrive after the flood. This divine instruction underscores God's sovereignty and meticulous care in preserving His creation.

of bird and animal and crawling creature
These categories encompass the breadth of terrestrial life. The Hebrew words used here are "ʿôf" for bird, "bəhēmâ" for animal, and "rōmeś" for crawling creature. This classification highlights the order and structure within creation, as each group is distinct yet part of the whole. Birds, with their ability to soar, represent freedom and the heavens. Animals, often seen as beasts of burden or companions, symbolize strength and service. Crawling creatures, though often overlooked, play crucial roles in the ecosystem, reminding us of the interconnectedness of all life.

will come to you
This phrase indicates divine intervention and guidance. The Hebrew verb "bô'" suggests a purposeful movement or arrival. It implies that Noah did not have to seek out these creatures; rather, God orchestrated their gathering. This demonstrates God's providence and the fulfillment of His promises. It also serves as a reminder of Noah's righteousness and obedience, as God entrusted him with this monumental task.

to be kept alive
The purpose of this gathering is preservation. The Hebrew root "ḥāyâ" means to live or to sustain life. This reflects God's desire for continuity and renewal after the judgment of the flood. It underscores the theme of salvation and redemption, as God provides a means for life to endure despite impending destruction. This phrase also foreshadows the new beginning that will emerge post-flood, highlighting God's grace and mercy in the midst of judgment.

You are also to take for yourself
This phrase indicates a direct command from God to Noah, emphasizing personal responsibility and obedience. The Hebrew root for "take" is "laqach," which often implies receiving or acquiring with intention. This command underscores the active role Noah must play in God's plan, highlighting the importance of human agency in divine missions. It reflects the broader biblical theme of stewardship, where individuals are entrusted with tasks that require diligence and faithfulness.

every kind of food that is eaten
The phrase "every kind of food" suggests a comprehensive gathering of sustenance, indicating God's provision and foresight. The Hebrew word for "food" is "okel," which encompasses all that is consumable and nourishing. This directive ensures the survival of both humans and animals during the flood, symbolizing God's care for all creation. It also reflects the diversity of God's provision, reminding believers of the abundance found in God's creation and His ability to meet all needs.

and gather it
The act of gathering implies preparation and organization. The Hebrew word "asaph" means to collect or assemble, suggesting a methodical approach to fulfilling God's command. This action requires foresight and planning, qualities that are essential for faithful living. It serves as a reminder that while God provides, humans are called to participate actively in His plans through diligent work and preparation.

as food for yourselves
This phrase highlights the necessity of self-care and sustenance. The provision for "yourselves" indicates that God is concerned with the well-being of Noah and his family. It underscores the biblical principle that while serving others, one must also ensure their own needs are met. This balance is crucial for effective stewardship and service, reflecting the holistic care God desires for His people.

and for the animals
The inclusion of animals in God's provision plan demonstrates His care for all living creatures. The Hebrew word for "animals" is "behemah," which refers to beasts or cattle, indicating the breadth of God's concern. This phrase reinforces the interconnectedness of creation and humanity's role in caring for it. It serves as a reminder of the responsibility to protect and sustain the environment and all its inhabitants, reflecting God's love and care for the entire world.

So Noah did
This phrase highlights Noah's immediate and unwavering obedience. The Hebrew root for "did" is עָשָׂה ('asah), which means to do, make, or accomplish. This verb is often used in the Old Testament to denote action that is in accordance with divine will. Noah's actions are a testament to his faith and righteousness, as he not only heard God's commands but also acted upon them without hesitation. In a world filled with corruption, Noah's obedience sets him apart as a man of integrity and faithfulness.

everything
The word "everything" underscores the completeness and thoroughness of Noah's obedience. It implies that Noah did not leave anything undone or alter any part of God's instructions. This total compliance is significant, as it reflects a heart fully surrendered to God's will. In the context of the narrative, it emphasizes the importance of following God's commands fully, not partially, as partial obedience is often equated with disobedience in biblical teachings.

precisely
The term "precisely" indicates exactness and accuracy in Noah's actions. It suggests that Noah paid careful attention to the details of God's instructions. This precision is crucial, especially considering the monumental task of building the ark, which required specific dimensions and materials. Noah's meticulous adherence to God's plan serves as a model for believers, illustrating the importance of following God's word with precision and care.

as God had commanded him
This phrase highlights the divine authority behind Noah's actions. The Hebrew word for "commanded" is צִוָּה (tsavah), which means to order or direct. It signifies that Noah's actions were not based on his own understanding or desires but were in direct response to God's authoritative directive. This obedience to divine command is a central theme in the Bible, where blessings and favor are often linked to adherence to God's instructions. Noah's compliance with God's command is a powerful example of faith in action, demonstrating trust in God's wisdom and sovereignty.