Some time later
This phrase indicates a passage of time since the previous events in Joseph's life, specifically his imprisonment. It suggests a period of waiting and testing for Joseph, which is a recurring theme in his story. The concept of waiting is significant in biblical narratives, often associated with spiritual growth and preparation for future roles, as seen in the lives of other biblical figures like Moses and David.

the king’s cupbearer and baker
The cupbearer and baker were important officials in the Egyptian court, responsible for the king's food and drink. Their roles were crucial for the king's safety, as they protected him from potential poisoning. This highlights the trust and responsibility placed on these individuals. The mention of these specific roles provides insight into the structure and hierarchy of ancient Egyptian society, where such positions were held by trusted servants.

offended their master,
The term "offended" suggests a serious breach of trust or misconduct. In ancient Near Eastern courts, offenses by royal officials could lead to severe consequences, including imprisonment or execution. This reflects the absolute authority of the king and the precarious nature of serving in his court. The narrative sets the stage for Joseph's interaction with these officials, which will play a pivotal role in his eventual rise to power.

the king of Egypt.
The "king of Egypt" refers to Pharaoh, the ruler of one of the most powerful and advanced civilizations of the ancient world. Egypt was known for its wealth, architectural achievements, and complex social structure. The mention of Pharaoh connects the story to the broader historical and cultural context of the time, emphasizing the significance of Joseph's eventual influence in such a prominent empire. This also foreshadows Joseph's future role in God's plan to preserve the Israelites during a time of famine, as he gains favor with Pharaoh.

Pharaoh was angry with his two officers
Pharaoh, the ruler of Egypt, held absolute power and was considered a god by his people. His anger would have been a serious matter, reflecting the absolute authority he wielded. In the ancient Near East, kings often had the power of life and death over their subjects. The term "officers" indicates these men held significant positions within Pharaoh's court, responsible for critical duties. This context highlights the gravity of their offense, whatever it may have been, and sets the stage for the unfolding events in Joseph's life.

the chief cupbearer
The chief cupbearer was a high-ranking official responsible for serving wine to Pharaoh. This role was not merely about serving drinks; it involved significant trust, as the cupbearer had to ensure the safety of the king's drink, protecting him from poisoning. This position often allowed the cupbearer to become a close confidant of the king, as seen in Nehemiah 1:11, where Nehemiah serves as cupbearer to the Persian king. The cupbearer's fall from grace would have been a notable event in the royal court.

and the chief baker
The chief baker was another important official, responsible for preparing the king's food. Like the cupbearer, the baker's role required trustworthiness, as he was responsible for the safety and quality of the food served to Pharaoh. The mention of both the cupbearer and the baker suggests a possible conspiracy or serious breach of trust, as both positions were crucial to the king's daily life. This incident foreshadows the dreams they will have, which Joseph will interpret, leading to his rise in Egypt.

and imprisoned them in the house of the captain of the guard
This phrase indicates that the cupbearer and the baker were placed under the authority of the captain of the guard, who was responsible for the prison. In the context of ancient Egypt, the captain of the guard was a high-ranking official, often overseeing royal security and important prisoners. This setting highlights the severity of their offenses, as they were not placed in a common prison but one associated with the royal court. The captain of the guard is identified earlier in Genesis as Potiphar, who had previously purchased Joseph as a slave. This connection suggests a continuity in Joseph's story and God's providential care, as Joseph remains under the oversight of someone who knows him.

the same prison where Joseph was confined
Joseph's confinement in this particular prison is significant, as it sets the stage for his eventual rise to power. The prison is not merely a place of punishment but becomes a place of divine appointment. Joseph's presence in the same prison as the cupbearer and baker is orchestrated by God, allowing him to interpret their dreams, which later leads to his introduction to Pharaoh. This reflects the biblical theme of God using adverse circumstances for His purposes. Theologically, Joseph's unjust imprisonment can be seen as a type of Christ, who was also unjustly accused and suffered, yet through His suffering, brought about salvation. This connection underscores the idea of God's sovereignty and redemptive plan throughout Scripture.

The captain of the guard assigned them to Joseph
In the context of Genesis, the "captain of the guard" refers to Potiphar, who had previously purchased Joseph as a slave. This indicates a level of trust and authority given to Joseph, despite his status as a prisoner. Potiphar's role as captain of the guard suggests he was responsible for the security of Pharaoh's interests, including the prison. Joseph's assignment to care for the chief cupbearer and the chief baker, both high-ranking officials, highlights his administrative skills and God's favor upon him. This trust foreshadows Joseph's future rise to power in Egypt.

and he became their personal attendant
Joseph's role as a personal attendant to these officials demonstrates his humility and willingness to serve, even in difficult circumstances. This service-oriented attitude is a recurring theme in Joseph's life and is reflective of the biblical principle that those who are faithful in small things will be entrusted with greater responsibilities (Luke 16:10). Joseph's service also prefigures Christ, who came not to be served, but to serve (Mark 10:45).

After they had been in custody for some time
The phrase "for some time" suggests a period of waiting and uncertainty, which is a common experience for many biblical figures. This waiting period is significant as it sets the stage for the unfolding of God's plan through dreams and their interpretations. It also mirrors the theme of patience and endurance found throughout Scripture, such as in the lives of Abraham and David. The delay in their release serves to highlight God's perfect timing in bringing about His purposes, as seen in Romans 8:28.

both of these men
The passage refers to two specific individuals, the cupbearer and the baker, who were officials in Pharaoh's court. In ancient Egypt, these roles were significant, as they were directly responsible for the king's food and drink, ensuring it was safe from poison. Their imprisonment suggests a serious breach of trust or suspicion of wrongdoing.

the Egyptian king’s cupbearer and baker
The cupbearer and baker were high-ranking officials. The cupbearer, in particular, held a position of trust, often serving as a confidant to the king. This role is seen in other biblical contexts, such as Nehemiah, who was a cupbearer to the Persian king. The baker's role was also crucial, as bread was a staple in the Egyptian diet. Their imprisonment indicates a possible conspiracy or failure in their duties.

who were being held in the prison
The prison mentioned is likely the same facility where Joseph was confined, possibly a part of the house of the captain of the guard. This setting is significant as it places Joseph in a position to interact with these officials, setting the stage for his eventual rise to power. The prison serves as a place of divine appointment, where God orchestrates events for His purposes.

had a dream on the same night
Dreams in the ancient Near East were often considered messages from the divine. The simultaneous occurrence of dreams for both men suggests a coordinated divine intervention. In biblical narratives, dreams frequently serve as a means of revelation, as seen in the lives of other figures like Daniel and Joseph himself.

and each dream had its own meaning
The distinct meanings of the dreams highlight the personal and specific nature of divine communication. This concept is echoed in other scriptural accounts where dreams or visions are given unique interpretations, such as Daniel's interpretation of Nebuchadnezzar's dreams. The individual meanings also underscore the sovereignty of God in revealing His plans and purposes to different people according to His will.

When Joseph came to them in the morning
Joseph, a Hebrew sold into slavery, is now in an Egyptian prison. His rise to a position of trust even in confinement reflects God's providence. The morning signifies a new day, often associated with new beginnings or revelations in Scripture. Joseph's diligence and responsibility are evident as he attends to his duties early. This moment foreshadows his future role as a leader who will interpret dreams and provide solutions, a type of Christ who brings understanding and hope.

he saw that they were distraught
Joseph's ability to perceive the distress of the cupbearer and baker highlights his empathy and discernment, qualities that align with his God-given gift of interpreting dreams. This moment sets the stage for Joseph's interpretation of their dreams, which will eventually lead to his own rise to power. The emotional state of the prisoners reflects the uncertainty and fear of those who are without hope, contrasting with Joseph's faith and trust in God. This scene also prefigures Christ's compassion for the troubled and his role as the ultimate interpreter of human hearts and destinies.

So he asked the officials of Pharaoh
Joseph, while in prison, encounters two officials of Pharaoh: the chief cupbearer and the chief baker. These positions were significant in the Egyptian court, as they were responsible for the king's food and drink, ensuring it was safe from poison. This highlights Joseph's ability to interact with high-ranking individuals, a skill that would later serve him well. The presence of these officials in prison suggests a possible political intrigue or a breach of trust, common in ancient royal courts.

who were in custody with him in his master’s house
Joseph's "master's house" refers to the prison overseen by Potiphar, who was the captain of the guard. This setting indicates that Joseph was not in a common prison but rather a place where high-profile prisoners were kept. It reflects the providence of God in Joseph's life, placing him in a position where he could influence and interpret dreams for Pharaoh's officials, setting the stage for his future rise to power.

“Why are your faces so downcast today?”
Joseph's question reveals his compassionate nature and leadership qualities. Despite his own unjust imprisonment, he shows concern for others. This mirrors the character of Christ, who, despite His own suffering, showed compassion to those around Him. The downcast faces of the officials suggest they were troubled by their dreams, which in ancient cultures were often seen as omens or messages from the divine. This sets the scene for Joseph's interpretation of their dreams, a pivotal moment that demonstrates his God-given gift and foreshadows his eventual rise to power in Egypt.

“We both had dreams,” they replied
In the ancient Near East, dreams were often considered significant and could be seen as messages from the divine. The context here is Joseph's imprisonment in Egypt, where he encounters Pharaoh's cupbearer and baker. Dreams in this culture were not just personal experiences but were often believed to have implications for the future or for the community. The fact that both men had dreams on the same night suggests a divine orchestration, setting the stage for Joseph's role in God's plan.

“but there is no one to interpret them.”
In Egyptian culture, professional dream interpreters were common, often serving in the royal court. The cupbearer and baker's statement highlights their isolation and the absence of these professionals in prison. This sets the stage for Joseph, who, unlike the Egyptian magicians, attributes the ability to interpret dreams to God. This moment underscores the limitations of human wisdom and the need for divine insight.

Then Joseph said to them,
Joseph's response is immediate and confident, reflecting his faith and trust in God. Despite his own unjust circumstances, Joseph remains attentive to the needs of others, demonstrating his character and leadership qualities. This interaction is pivotal, as it eventually leads to his rise to power in Egypt.

“Don’t interpretations belong to God?
Joseph's rhetorical question emphasizes the sovereignty of God over all things, including the mysteries of dreams. This statement is a declaration of monotheism in a polytheistic culture, asserting that true wisdom and understanding come from the one true God. It also foreshadows Joseph's role as a prophet-like figure, through whom God reveals His plans.

Tell me your dreams.”
Joseph invites the men to share their dreams, positioning himself as a vessel through which God can work. This act of faith and service is a turning point in Joseph's life, leading to his eventual release and rise to power. It also prefigures the role of Jesus Christ, who invites humanity to bring their burdens to Him, offering divine insight and redemption.

So the chief cupbearer told Joseph his dream:
The chief cupbearer, a high-ranking official in Pharaoh's court, was responsible for serving wine and ensuring its safety. His position required trustworthiness and loyalty. Joseph, who was in prison with the cupbearer, had gained a reputation for interpreting dreams, a skill that was highly valued in ancient cultures. Dreams were often seen as divine messages, and Joseph's ability to interpret them foreshadows his future role in Egypt. This interaction sets the stage for Joseph's rise to power, as his interpretations will eventually lead to his release and elevation.

In my dream there was a vine before me,
The vine is a symbol of life and prosperity, often associated with abundance and blessing in biblical literature. In the context of ancient Egypt, vines and wine were significant, as wine was a staple in both daily life and religious rituals. The imagery of the vine can also be seen as a type of Christ, who later refers to Himself as the "true vine" in John 15:1. This connection highlights themes of sustenance and spiritual nourishment. The presence of the vine in the dream suggests forthcoming restoration and favor, aligning with the cupbearer's eventual reinstatement to his position.

and on the vine were three branches.
The vine is a common biblical symbol, often representing Israel or God's people (Psalm 80:8-16; Isaiah 5:1-7). In this context, the vine in the dream of Pharaoh's cupbearer symbolizes the restoration of his position. The three branches are interpreted by Joseph as three days, indicating the time frame for the cupbearer's release from prison (Genesis 40:12). The number three frequently appears in Scripture, often symbolizing completeness or divine perfection (e.g., the Trinity, Jesus' resurrection on the third day).

As it budded,
The budding of the vine signifies new life and hope. In the agricultural context of ancient Egypt, budding would be a sign of the coming harvest, a time of expectation and renewal. This imagery can also be seen as a metaphor for spiritual renewal and the fulfillment of God's promises. The process of budding is a natural progression, indicating that God's plans unfold in His timing.

its blossoms opened
The opening of blossoms represents the fruition of potential and the manifestation of God's providence. In biblical symbolism, blossoms can denote beauty and the promise of fruitfulness (Song of Solomon 2:12). This phase of the dream suggests the imminent fulfillment of the cupbearer's restoration. It also reflects the broader biblical theme of God bringing His purposes to completion.

and its clusters ripened into grapes.
Grapes are often associated with joy and abundance in Scripture (Psalm 104:15; Isaiah 65:8). The ripening of grapes in the dream indicates the completion of the cupbearer's restoration process. In a typological sense, grapes and wine can symbolize the blood of Christ and the new covenant (Matthew 26:27-29). The imagery of ripening suggests maturity and readiness, pointing to the fulfillment of God's promises and the coming of His kingdom.

Pharaoh’s cup was in my hand
This phrase is part of the dream recounted by the chief cupbearer to Joseph while they were both imprisoned. The cupbearer held a significant position in Pharaoh's court, responsible for serving wine and ensuring it was not poisoned. This role required trust and loyalty, reflecting the cupbearer's close proximity to Pharaoh. The imagery of the cup in his hand symbolizes authority and service, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture, as seen in Nehemiah 1:11, where Nehemiah also serves as a cupbearer to the king.

and I took the grapes
The act of taking grapes directly suggests a personal involvement in the preparation of the wine, which was a common practice in ancient Egypt. Grapes were a staple in Egyptian agriculture, and wine was a valued commodity. This detail highlights the cupbearer's direct role in the process, emphasizing his responsibility and the trust placed in him by Pharaoh. The imagery of grapes can also be seen in Isaiah 5:1-7, where Israel is compared to a vineyard, symbolizing God's care and expectation of fruitfulness.

squeezed them into his cup
The act of squeezing grapes into the cup signifies the transformation of raw materials into a finished product, akin to the process of refining and purifying. This can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual transformation and the pressing trials that lead to growth, as reflected in James 1:2-4. The imagery of wine is also significant in biblical typology, often representing joy, blessing, and covenant, as seen in the New Testament during the Last Supper (Matthew 26:27-29).

and placed the cup in his hand.
Placing the cup in Pharaoh's hand signifies the completion of the cupbearer's duty and the restoration of his position. This act of service is a foreshadowing of Joseph's own rise to power, as he interprets the dream and later becomes second in command in Egypt. The theme of restoration and elevation is prevalent in the Bible, as seen in the story of Daniel, who also interprets dreams and gains favor with the king (Daniel 2:46-49). The cupbearer's dream and its fulfillment serve as a precursor to Joseph's own vindication and the unfolding of God's providential plan.

Joseph replied
Joseph, known for his ability to interpret dreams, is a key figure in the narrative of Genesis. His gift is recognized as coming from God, as seen earlier when he attributes his ability to interpret dreams to divine revelation. This moment is significant as it demonstrates Joseph's faithfulness and reliance on God, even while imprisoned.

This is the interpretation
In the ancient Near East, dreams were often considered messages from the divine. Joseph's role as an interpreter is crucial, as it sets the stage for his eventual rise to power in Egypt. His interpretations are not based on human wisdom but are divinely inspired, highlighting the theme of God's sovereignty and providence throughout Joseph's life.

The three branches
The imagery of branches is symbolic and often used in biblical literature. In this context, the branches represent a specific time frame, which Joseph is about to reveal. Symbolism in dreams is a common motif in the Bible, and Joseph's ability to discern these symbols underscores his prophetic gift.

are three days
The specificity of "three days" is significant, as it points to the immediacy and certainty of the prophecy. The number three is often symbolic in Scripture, representing completeness or divine perfection. This timeframe also foreshadows the fulfillment of the dream's interpretation, which will occur exactly as Joseph predicts, further establishing his credibility and God's hand in his life.

Within three days
The phrase "within three days" indicates a specific and imminent timeframe, which is significant in biblical narratives. The number three often symbolizes completeness or divine intervention, as seen in other scriptures such as Jonah's three days in the fish (Jonah 1:17) and Jesus' resurrection on the third day (Matthew 16:21).

Pharaoh will lift up your head
"Lifting up the head" is an idiomatic expression meaning to restore someone to their former status or position. In ancient Egyptian culture, the Pharaoh had absolute authority, and his decisions were seen as divinely sanctioned. This phrase foreshadows the cupbearer's restoration and contrasts with the baker's fate later in the chapter.

and restore your position
Restoration here implies a return to a previous state of favor and responsibility. The cupbearer’s role was significant, as he was responsible for the safety and quality of the Pharaoh's wine, a position of trust and intimacy with the king. This restoration can be seen as a type of redemption, reflecting themes of forgiveness and grace.

You will put Pharaoh’s cup in his hand
This phrase highlights the cupbearer's duties, which included serving wine to the Pharaoh. The act of placing the cup in Pharaoh's hand signifies trust and the resumption of his official duties. This role was crucial in the royal court, as it involved both service and protection against potential poisoning.

just as you did when you were his cupbearer
This part of the verse emphasizes the return to a former state of service and trust. It suggests a reinstatement to a position of honor and reliability. The cupbearer's past service is acknowledged, indicating that his previous loyalty and competence are being recognized and rewarded. This mirrors the biblical theme of faithfulness being rewarded, as seen in parables like the faithful servant (Matthew 25:21).

But when it goes well for you
This phrase reflects Joseph's faith and confidence in the interpretation of the cupbearer's dream, which he had just provided. Joseph's assurance that the cupbearer would be restored to his position indicates his trust in God's revelation. This moment highlights the biblical theme of God's sovereignty and the fulfillment of His promises, as seen in other scriptures like Jeremiah 29:11, where God assures His people of a hopeful future.

please remember me
Joseph's request to be remembered underscores the human desire for justice and deliverance. It also reflects the cultural practice of seeking favor from those in positions of power. In the ancient Near East, personal connections were crucial for social mobility and survival. This plea is reminiscent of other biblical figures who sought remembrance, such as Hannah in 1 Samuel 1:11, who asked God to remember her in her barrenness.

and show me kindness
The term "kindness" here is translated from the Hebrew word "chesed," which denotes loyal love or covenant faithfulness. This concept is central to the character of God throughout the Bible, as seen in His covenant with Israel. Joseph's appeal for kindness is a request for the cupbearer to act with loyalty and integrity, reflecting the biblical principle of treating others with the same grace that God extends to His people.

by mentioning me to Pharaoh
Joseph's strategy to gain freedom involves leveraging the cupbearer's restored position to reach Pharaoh, the highest authority in Egypt. This reflects the hierarchical structure of ancient Egyptian society, where access to the king could change one's fate. The mention of Pharaoh also foreshadows Joseph's eventual rise to power, as God orchestrates events to fulfill His purposes, similar to how Esther found favor with King Xerxes in Esther 2:17.

that he might bring me out of this prison
Joseph's desire to be freed from prison highlights his unjust circumstances, having been wrongfully accused by Potiphar's wife. This situation parallels other biblical narratives where God's people endure suffering before deliverance, such as Daniel in the lion's den (Daniel 6) or Paul and Silas in prison (Acts 16:25-26). Joseph's eventual release and rise to power serve as a type of Christ, who was also unjustly condemned but ultimately exalted by God.

For I was kidnapped from the land of the Hebrews
Joseph speaks to the cupbearer, explaining his unjust circumstances. The term "kidnapped" reflects the betrayal by his brothers, who sold him into slavery (Genesis 37:28). The "land of the Hebrews" refers to Canaan, the promised land given to Abraham and his descendants (Genesis 12:7). This phrase highlights Joseph's identity as part of God's covenant people, emphasizing the theme of divine providence despite human treachery. The mention of "Hebrews" connects to the broader narrative of Israel's history and God's faithfulness to His promises.

and even here I have done nothing
Joseph maintains his innocence regarding the accusations made by Potiphar's wife (Genesis 39:7-20). His integrity and righteousness are consistent with his character throughout the narrative. This statement underscores the biblical theme of suffering for righteousness' sake, a motif seen in the lives of other biblical figures such as Daniel and ultimately Jesus Christ, who suffered despite His innocence (1 Peter 2:22-23).

for which they should have put me in this dungeon.
The "dungeon" refers to the prison where Joseph was confined, likely a part of Potiphar's house (Genesis 39:20). This setting is significant as it becomes the place where Joseph's gift of interpreting dreams is recognized, leading to his eventual rise to power in Egypt (Genesis 41:14). The unjust imprisonment parallels the experiences of other biblical figures who faced trials before deliverance, such as Paul and Silas (Acts 16:23-26). Joseph's story foreshadows the redemptive suffering of Christ, who was also unjustly condemned and later exalted (Philippians 2:8-9).

When the chief baker saw that the interpretation was favorable
The chief baker observed the positive outcome of the cupbearer's dream interpretation, which Joseph had just provided. This reflects a common human tendency to hope for similar good news when others receive it. In the ancient Near Eastern context, dreams were often seen as divine messages, and their interpretations were highly valued. The favorable interpretation given to the cupbearer likely gave the baker hope for his own situation. This moment also highlights Joseph's growing reputation as an interpreter of dreams, a gift from God that would later play a crucial role in his rise to power in Egypt.

he said to Joseph, “I too had a dream:
The baker's approach to Joseph indicates a level of trust and belief in Joseph's ability to interpret dreams accurately. Dreams in the Bible often serve as a means of divine communication, as seen in the lives of other biblical figures like Daniel. The baker's willingness to share his dream suggests his desperation for understanding and possibly a desire for reassurance about his future.

There were three baskets of white bread on my head.
The imagery of three baskets is significant, as numbers often hold symbolic meaning in biblical texts. The number three can represent completeness or divine perfection. The mention of "white bread" indicates the type of bread that might have been considered a delicacy or of high quality, reflecting the baker's profession and his role in Pharaoh's service. Carrying baskets on the head was a common practice in ancient Egypt, as depicted in various archaeological findings and art, indicating the baker's familiarity with his trade. This detail sets the stage for the interpretation that follows, which contrasts sharply with the cupbearer's favorable outcome.

In the top basket were all sorts of baked goods for Pharaoh
This phrase indicates the hierarchical structure of the baskets, with the top basket being the most visible and significant. Baked goods for Pharaoh suggest a royal provision, highlighting the importance of the dream's setting. In ancient Egypt, bread and baked goods were staple foods, often associated with sustenance and life. The mention of Pharaoh signifies the highest authority in Egypt, reflecting the dream's connection to power and governance. This imagery foreshadows the outcome of the dream, where the chief baker's fate is directly tied to Pharaoh's judgment.

but the birds were eating them out of the basket on my head.
The presence of birds eating the baked goods symbolizes impending doom and loss. In biblical symbolism, birds can represent various things, including evil or demonic forces, as seen in the parable of the sower (Matthew 13:4, 19). The act of the birds eating the goods suggests a lack of protection and vulnerability, indicating the baker's future demise. The basket on the head signifies the burden or responsibility carried by the baker, which ultimately leads to his downfall. This imagery serves as a prophetic warning of judgment, aligning with the interpretation Joseph later provides, where the baker is executed by Pharaoh's decree.

Joseph replied
Joseph, known for his ability to interpret dreams, is a key figure in the narrative of Genesis. His gift is acknowledged as coming from God, which sets him apart in the Egyptian context where dreams were often interpreted by magicians and wise men. Joseph's role as an interpreter foreshadows his rise to power in Egypt and his eventual role in God's plan for Israel.

This is the interpretation
The act of interpreting dreams was significant in ancient cultures, including Egypt, where dreams were considered messages from the divine. Joseph's confidence in providing the interpretation underscores his faith in God’s revelation. This moment highlights the theme of divine providence and the belief that God communicates His will through chosen individuals.

The three baskets
The imagery of baskets is culturally relevant, as baskets were commonly used in ancient Egypt for carrying goods, including food. The number three is often symbolic in the Bible, representing completeness or divine perfection. In this context, the three baskets are directly linked to the timeline of the prophecy, emphasizing the precision of God's message.

Are three days
The specific mention of three days is a prophetic element, indicating a short, defined period before the fulfillment of the dream's message. This timeframe is significant in biblical narratives, often associated with preparation, testing, or revelation. The three days here parallel other biblical events, such as Jonah's three days in the fish and Jesus' resurrection on the third day, symbolizing a period of waiting followed by a significant outcome.

Within three days
The phrase "within three days" indicates a specific and imminent timeframe. In biblical narratives, the number three often signifies completeness or divine intervention. This timeframe is reminiscent of other significant three-day periods in Scripture, such as Jonah's time in the belly of the fish (Jonah 1:17) and Jesus' resurrection on the third day (Matthew 16:21).

Pharaoh will lift off your head
This phrase is a direct prediction of the baker's execution. In ancient Egypt, Pharaoh held absolute power, and his decisions were final. The phrase "lift off your head" is a euphemism for execution, indicating the removal of the baker from his position and life. This reflects the absolute authority of Pharaoh, similar to the divine authority seen in God's judgments throughout the Bible.

and hang you on a tree.
Hanging on a tree was a method of execution and public display of shame in ancient cultures. In Deuteronomy 21:22-23, being hung on a tree is associated with being cursed by God. This foreshadows the crucifixion of Jesus, who was also "hung on a tree" (Acts 5:30), taking upon Himself the curse of sin for humanity (Galatians 3:13).

Then the birds will eat the flesh of your body.
This imagery of birds eating flesh signifies utter disgrace and divine judgment. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, not receiving a proper burial was considered a great dishonor. This is echoed in other biblical passages, such as 1 Samuel 17:44, where Goliath threatens David with a similar fate. The imagery also parallels the prophetic visions in Revelation, where birds feast on the flesh of those judged by God (Revelation 19:17-18).

On the third day
The third day is often significant in biblical narratives, symbolizing completion and divine intervention. In the context of Joseph's story, it marks the fulfillment of the dreams he interpreted. The number three frequently appears in Scripture, such as in the resurrection of Jesus on the third day, indicating a pattern of God's redemptive work.

which was Pharaoh’s birthday
Pharaoh's birthday was a significant event in ancient Egypt, often celebrated with great pomp and ceremony. Birthdays of rulers were occasions for public feasting and displays of power. This context highlights the cultural practices of the time and sets the stage for the events that follow. The mention of Pharaoh's birthday is unique in the Bible, emphasizing the importance of the occasion.

he held a feast for all his officials
Feasts were common in ancient Near Eastern cultures, serving as opportunities for rulers to display wealth and reinforce social hierarchies. This feast would have been a grand affair, attended by high-ranking officials and courtiers. The gathering of officials underscores the public nature of the events that transpire, adding weight to the decisions made by Pharaoh.

and in their presence
The public setting of the feast indicates that the actions taken by Pharaoh were meant to be seen and understood by his court. This visibility underscores the authority of Pharaoh and the importance of the decisions regarding the chief cupbearer and the chief baker. It also reflects the transparency of justice in the royal court, where decisions were made in the presence of witnesses.

he lifted up the heads of the chief cupbearer and the chief baker
"Lifting up the heads" is a Hebrew idiom that can mean to restore to a position or to execute judgment. In this context, it signifies the outcome of the dreams Joseph interpreted: the restoration of the cupbearer and the execution of the baker. This phrase foreshadows the fulfillment of Joseph's interpretations, demonstrating his God-given ability to discern dreams. The contrasting fates of the two men also serve as a reminder of divine justice and the sovereignty of God in human affairs.

Pharaoh restored the chief cupbearer to his position
This phrase highlights the fulfillment of Joseph's interpretation of the cupbearer's dream, demonstrating Joseph's God-given ability to interpret dreams accurately. The role of the cupbearer was significant in ancient Egypt, as he was responsible for serving drinks to the Pharaoh and ensuring they were not poisoned. This restoration signifies a return to favor and trust, reflecting the importance of loyalty and reliability in royal courts. The act of restoration can be seen as a type of resurrection or redemption, prefiguring the ultimate restoration and redemption found in Jesus Christ.

so that he once again placed the cup in Pharaoh’s hand
The act of placing the cup in Pharaoh's hand symbolizes the cupbearer's reinstated authority and trust. This action is a daily, intimate interaction with the Pharaoh, indicating a close relationship and the cupbearer's essential role in the royal household. The imagery of the cup can also be connected to the New Testament, where Jesus speaks of the cup during the Last Supper, symbolizing His blood and the new covenant. This connection underscores themes of service, sacrifice, and the fulfillment of God's promises.

But Pharaoh hanged the chief baker
This phrase indicates the fulfillment of Joseph's interpretation of the chief baker's dream. In ancient Egypt, hanging was a common method of execution, often involving impalement or suspension. The baker's execution reflects the severe consequences for those who displeased Pharaoh, highlighting the absolute power of the Egyptian ruler. This event underscores the accuracy of Joseph's God-given ability to interpret dreams, setting the stage for his rise to prominence in Egypt.

just as Joseph had described to them in his interpretation
Joseph's interpretation of the dreams of the chief baker and the chief cupbearer was a demonstration of his prophetic gift. This ability was not from his own wisdom but was attributed to God, who provided the insight. The fulfillment of the interpretation serves as a testament to God's sovereignty and faithfulness. It also foreshadows Joseph's future role in interpreting Pharaoh's dreams, which would lead to his elevation to a position of power. This moment is a precursor to the broader narrative of Joseph's life, where his faithfulness and reliance on God lead to the preservation of his family and the fulfillment of God's promises to Abraham.

The chief cupbearer
The role of the chief cupbearer was significant in ancient Egypt, as he was responsible for serving wine to the Pharaoh and ensuring its safety. This position required trust and loyalty, as the cupbearer had direct access to the king. The cupbearer’s role is also seen in other biblical contexts, such as Nehemiah, who served as cupbearer to the Persian king Artaxerxes (Nehemiah 1:11). This position often allowed for close proximity to power and influence.

however, did not remember Joseph;
Joseph had interpreted the cupbearer’s dream while they were both imprisoned, predicting his restoration to his position (Genesis 40:12-13). Joseph had asked the cupbearer to remember him and mention him to Pharaoh to secure his release (Genesis 40:14). The failure to remember Joseph highlights human forgetfulness and ingratitude, contrasting with God’s faithfulness and omniscience. This forgetfulness serves as a test of Joseph’s faith and patience, as he remains in prison despite his accurate interpretation of the dream.

he forgot all about him.
The phrase emphasizes the complete neglect Joseph experienced, despite his service to the cupbearer. This forgetfulness can be seen as part of God’s providential plan, as it sets the stage for Joseph’s eventual rise to power at the right time (Genesis 41:1-14). The delay in Joseph’s deliverance is a reminder of the importance of God’s timing and the development of character through trials. This situation foreshadows the ultimate deliverance and exaltation of Jesus Christ, who was also initially rejected and forgotten by those He came to save (John 1:11).