Leviticus 11:15
New International Version
any kind of raven,

New Living Translation
ravens of all kinds,

English Standard Version
every raven of any kind,

Berean Standard Bible
any kind of raven,

King James Bible
Every raven after his kind;

New King James Version
every raven after its kind,

New American Standard Bible
every raven in its kind,

NASB 1995
every raven in its kind,

NASB 1977
every raven in its kind,

Legacy Standard Bible
every raven in its kind,

Amplified Bible
every kind of raven,

Christian Standard Bible
every kind of raven,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
every kind of raven,

American Standard Version
every raven after its kind,

English Revised Version
every raven after its kind;

GOD'S WORD® Translation
all types of crows,

International Standard Version
every kind of raven,

Majority Standard Bible
any kind of raven,

NET Bible
every kind of crow,

New Heart English Bible
any kind of raven,

Webster's Bible Translation
Every raven after his kind;

World English Bible
any kind of raven,
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
every raven after its kind,

Young's Literal Translation
every raven after its kind,

Smith's Literal Translation
Every raven according to its kind;
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And all that is of the raven kind, according to their likeness.

Catholic Public Domain Version
and all that is of the raven kind, according to their likeness,

New American Bible
the various species of crows,

New Revised Standard Version
every raven of any kind;
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And the ostrich and the night hawk after its kind;

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And the ostrich and the hawk with its kinds,
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
every raven after its kinds;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
and the sparrow, and the owl, and the sea-mew, and the like to it:

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Clean and Unclean Animals
14the kite, any kind of falcon, 15 any kind of raven, 16the ostrich, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk,…

Cross References
Deuteronomy 14:14
any kind of raven,

Genesis 1:21
So God created the great sea creatures and every living thing that moves, with which the waters teemed according to their kinds, and every winged bird after its kind. And God saw that it was good.

Genesis 7:14
they and every kind of wild animal, livestock, crawling creature, bird, and winged creature.

Genesis 8:19
Every living creature, every creeping thing, and every bird—everything that moves upon the earth—came out of the ark, kind by kind.

Job 39:26-30
Does the hawk take flight by your understanding and spread his wings toward the south? / Does the eagle soar at your command and make his nest on high? / He dwells on a cliff and lodges there; his stronghold is on a rocky crag. ...

Isaiah 34:11-15
The desert owl and screech owl will possess it, and the great owl and raven will dwell in it. The LORD will stretch out over Edom a measuring line of chaos and a plumb line of destruction. / No nobles will be left to proclaim a king, and all her princes will come to nothing. / Her towers will be overgrown with thorns, her fortresses with thistles and briers. She will become a haunt for jackals, an abode for ostriches. ...

Jeremiah 12:9
Is not My inheritance to Me like a speckled bird of prey with other birds of prey circling against her? Go, gather all the beasts of the field; bring them to devour her.

Ezekiel 39:17-20
And as for you, son of man, this is what the Lord GOD says: Call out to every kind of bird and to every beast of the field: ‘Assemble and come together from all around to the sacrificial feast that I am preparing for you, a great feast on the mountains of Israel. There you will eat flesh and drink blood. / You will eat the flesh of the mighty and drink the blood of the princes of the earth as though they were rams, lambs, goats, and bulls—all the fattened animals of Bashan. / At the sacrifice I am preparing, you will eat fat until you are gorged and drink blood until you are drunk. ...

Hosea 9:11
Ephraim’s glory will fly away like a bird, with no birth, no pregnancy, and no conception.

Zephaniah 2:14
Herds will lie down in her midst, creatures of every kind. Both the desert owl and screech owl will roost atop her pillars. Their calls will sound from the window, but desolation will lie on the threshold, for He will expose the beams of cedar.

Matthew 6:26
Look at the birds of the air: They do not sow or reap or gather into barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not much more valuable than they?

Matthew 10:29-31
Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them will fall to the ground apart from the will of your Father. / And even the very hairs of your head are all numbered. / So do not be afraid; you are worth more than many sparrows.

Luke 12:24
Consider the ravens: They do not sow or reap, they have no storehouse or barn; yet God feeds them. How much more valuable you are than the birds!

Acts 10:12-14
It contained all kinds of four-footed animals and reptiles of the earth, as well as birds of the air. / Then a voice said to him: “Get up, Peter, kill and eat!” / “No, Lord!” Peter answered. “I have never eaten anything impure or unclean.”

Romans 1:23
and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images of mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles.


Treasury of Scripture

Every raven after his kind;

Genesis 8:7
And he sent forth a raven, which went forth to and fro, until the waters were dried up from off the earth.

1 Kings 17:4,6
And it shall be, that thou shalt drink of the brook; and I have commanded the ravens to feed thee there…

Proverbs 30:17
The eye that mocketh at his father, and despiseth to obey his mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat it.

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Leviticus 11
1. What animals may be eaten
4. and what may not be eaten
9. What fishes
13. What fowls
29. The creeping things which are unclean














any kind
The phrase "any kind" in this context emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the prohibition. In Hebrew, the word used is "לְמִינֵהוּ" (leminahu), which means "according to its kind" or "species." This indicates that the prohibition is not limited to a single species but extends to all variations within the raven family. This reflects the thoroughness of God's instructions to the Israelites, ensuring that they understood the breadth of what was considered unclean. The use of "any kind" underscores the importance of discernment and obedience in following God's laws, a principle that resonates throughout Scripture.

raven
The raven, known in Hebrew as "עֹרֵב" (orev), is a bird often associated with desolation and uncleanliness in the Bible. Ravens are scavengers, feeding on carrion, which made them ritually unclean according to Levitical law. In the ancient Near Eastern context, ravens were seen as symbols of death and decay, which aligns with their depiction in the Bible. Despite their unclean status, God used ravens to provide for Elijah in 1 Kings 17:4-6, demonstrating His sovereignty and ability to use all creation for His purposes. The mention of the raven in Leviticus 11:15 serves as a reminder of the Israelites' call to holiness and separation from practices and creatures deemed unclean by God. This call to holiness is echoed in the New Testament, where believers are urged to live lives set apart for God, reflecting His purity and righteousness.

(15) And every raven.--The raven or the black bird (Song of Solomon 5:11), the bird of the night, as its name denotes in Heb., like the eagle, occurs frequently in the Bible. It preys upon putrid corpses (Proverbs 30:17), and is especially eager to pick out the eyes of the dead, and sometimes even attacks the eyes of the living. So great is its gluttony that it fills the air with its wild shrieks when searching for food (Psalm 147:9; Job 38:41). Its rapacity makes the raven expel its own offspring from their nest and from the surrounding places as soon as they are able to fly, and before they are quite able to procure their own food. Indeed, the ancients believed that it forsook its young immediately after they were hatched. It was in consequence of their excessive greed and known aversion to part with anything, even for their own offspring, that the ravens were chosen to carry food to the prophet (1Kings 17:4; 1Kings 17:6), thus to make the miracle all the more striking. The phrase, "every raven after his kind," clearly shows that the whole genus of ravens is intended, with all the raven-like birds, such as the rook, the crow, the jackdaw, the jay, &c, which abound in Syria and Palestine. . . .

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
every
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

kind
לְמִינֽוֹ׃ (lə·mî·nōw)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 4327: A sort, species

of raven;
עֹרֵ֖ב (‘ō·rêḇ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6158: A raven


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OT Law: Leviticus 11:15 Any kind of raven (Le Lv Lev.)
Leviticus 11:14
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