Bible Encyclopedia: Lend

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International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

LEND, LOAN

lon: The translation of 7 Hebrew and 2 Greek vbs.:

1. Lexical Usages:

In the Old Testament: lawah, "to join," "cause to join," "lend" (Exodus 22:25 Deuteronomy 28:12, 44 Psalm 37:26 Proverbs 19:17); nashah, "to bite," "lend" (Deuteronomy 24:11 Jeremiah 15:10); nashah (same root as last, though different verb stem, Hiphil), "to cause to bite," "lend on usury" (Deuteronomy 15:2; Deuteronomy 24:10); nashakh, "to bite," "lend" "(cause to lend) on usury" (Deuteronomy 23:19, 20); nathan, "to give" (Leviticus 25:37, the Revised Version (British and American) "to give"); `abhat (Hiphil), "to cause to borrow," "to lend" (Deuteronomy 15:6, 8); sha'al (Hiphil), "to cause to ask," "to lend" (Exodus 12:36, the Revised Version (British and American) "ask"; 1 Samuel 1:27). In Septuagint daneizo, danizo, "to lend," translates lawah, and `abaT in above passages and in Nehemiah 5:4 Proverbs 22:7, and Isaiah 24:2; kichrao, also translations lawah and sha'al (Psalm 112:5 Proverbs 13:11); daneion(-ion), "loan," occurs in Deuteronomy 15:8, 10; Deuteronomy 24:11; Deuteronomy 4 Maccabees 2:8. In the New Testament "lend" translations two Greek verbs, daneizo, "to lend money" (Luke 6:34, 35, usually in commercial sense); kichremi, "to lend (as a friendly act)" (Luke 11:5).The substantive "loan," she'elah, occurs only once in the Old Testament (1 Samuel 2:20 the King James Version and the English Revised Version), not at all in the New Testament.

2. History of Lending in the Bible and Apocrypha:

(1) Lending on interest to the poor is prohibited in the code in Exodus 22:25. (2) In the code in Deuteronomy 15:1-6; Deuteronomy 23:19, 20; 24:10, 11; 28:12, 44, borrowing and lending are taken for granted as existing in Israel, but the creditor is required to release his Hebrew brother as debtor in the 7th year (either the cancellation of the loan (so in Jewish literature and early Christian scholars) or suspension of payment that year (so most modern scholars)), though he may exact payment from a foreigner. Israel may lend, and will be able to lend, because of Yahweh's blessing, to other nations, but must not borrow from them. A pledge, or security, must not be taken in person by the creditor from the house of the debtor, nor kept overnight, if the debtor be poor. (3) The code in Leviticus 25:35-38 requires that the Israelite receive no interest from his poor brother, because of the goodness of Yahweh to Israel. (4) Notwithstanding the prohibition of the early laws against lending on interest or usury, the same seems to have become common in Israel before the exile (Isaiah 24:2 Jeremiah 15:10), was practiced on the return, and was an evil to be corrected by Nehemiah (Nehemiah 5:7, 10). (5) According to Psalm 37:26; Psalm 112:5 Proverbs 19:17, lending to the needy was regarded as a mark of the pious Hebrew, but no interest is to be charged. (6) According to Apocrypha (The Wisdom of Solomon 15:16; Sirach 8:12; 18:33; 20:15, 29; 4 Maccabees 2:8), borrowing is discouraged, and lending is exalted as a mark of the merciful man. (7) Jesus teaches that His followers should lend, even to enemies, to men from whom they have no reasonable hope of expecting anything in return, because thus to do is to be like the Most High (Luke 6:34, 35). He did not discuss lending for commercial purposes, and so does not necessarily forbid it.

LITERATURE.

See Driver on Deuteronomy 15:1-6; Benzinger, Hebrew Archaeology, (1894), 350 f; Oehler, Old Testament Theology, 150, 10; Plummer on Luke 6:34, 35.

Charles B. Williams

Greek

5531. chrao -- to lend
... to lend. Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: chrao or kichremi Phonetic Spelling:
(khrah'-o) Short Definition: I lend Definition: I lend. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/5531.htm - 6k

1155. danizo -- to lend, borrow
... to lend, borrow. Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: danizo Phonetic Spelling:
(dan-ide'-zo) Short Definition: I lend, borrow Definition: I lend; mid: I borrow ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1155.htm - 6k

1223. dia -- through, on account of, because of
... thoroughly"). 1223 () is also commonly used as a and lend the same idea
("thoroughly," literally, "successfully" ). [1223 () is ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1223.htm - 8k

4878. sunantilambanomai -- to take hold with at the side, hence to ...
... of Speech: Verb Transliteration: sunantilambanomai Phonetic Spelling: (soon-an-tee-
lam-ban'-om-ahee) Short Definition: I assist, help Definition: I lend a hand ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/4878.htm - 7k

Strong's Hebrew

5383. nashah -- to lend, become a creditor
... 5382, 5383. nashah. 5384 . to lend, become a creditor. Transliteration: nashah
Phonetic Spelling: (naw-shaw') Short Definition: creditor. Word Origin a prim ...
/hebrew/5383.htm - 6k

5377. nasha -- to lend on interest, be a creditor
... 5376, 5377. nasha. 5378 . to lend on interest, be a creditor. Transliteration:
nasha Phonetic Spelling: (naw-shaw') Short Definition: made. Word Origin a prim ...
/hebrew/5377.htm - 6k

5789. ush -- to lend aid, come to help
... 5788b, 5789. ush. 5790 . to lend aid, come to help. Transliteration: ush Phonetic
Spelling: (oosh) Short Definition: hasten. Word Origin a prim. ...
/hebrew/5789.htm - 5k

5670. abat -- to take or give a pledge
... Word Origin denominative verb from abot Definition to take or give a pledge NASB
Word Usage borrow (1), deviate (1), generously lend (1), lend (1), take (1). ...
/hebrew/5670.htm - 6k

5391. nashak -- to bite
... bite, lend upon usury A primitive root; to strike with a sting (as a serpent);
figuratively, to oppress with interest on a loan -- bite, lend upon usury. ...
/hebrew/5391.htm - 5k

3867. lavah -- to join, be joined
... A primitive root; properly, to twine, ie (by implication) to unite, to remain; also
to borrow (as a form of obligation) or (caus.) To lend -- abide with, borrow ...
/hebrew/3867.htm - 5k

3867b. lavah -- to borrow
... 3867a, 3867b. lavah. 3868 . to borrow. Transliteration: lavah Short
Definition: lend. Word Origin a prim. root Definition to borrow ...
/hebrew/3867b.htm - 5k

5414. nathan -- to give, put, set
... injures* (1), inserted (1), instilled (4), issued (5), kept giving (1), laid (5),
lay (12), laying (1), lays (1), left (2), left hanging (1), lend (1), lends (1 ...
/hebrew/5414.htm - 9k

3449. Yishshiyyah -- the name of several Israelites
... Or Yishshiyahuw {yish-shee-yaw'-hoo}; from nashah and Yahh; Jah will lend; Jishshijah,
the name of five Israelites -- Ishiah, Isshiah, Ishijah, Jesiah. ...
/hebrew/3449.htm - 6k

7592. shaal -- to ask, inquire
... extension, to demand -- ask (counsel, on), beg, borrow, lay to charge, consult,
demand, desire, X earnestly, enquire, + greet, obtain leave, lend, pray, request ...
/hebrew/7592.htm - 6k

Library

They who are of the Sacerdotal Order Ought not to Lend and Receive ...
... The Canons of the Blessed and Holy Fathers Assembled at Antioch in Syria. Canon
IV. They who are of the sacerdotal order ought not to lend and receive usury� ...
/.../schaff/the seven ecumenical councils/canon iv they who are.htm

Whether it is a Sin to Take Usury for Money Lent?
... of the Law, according to Dt.28:12: "Thou shalt fenerate* to many nations, and shalt
not borrow of any one." [*'Faeneraberis'"-'Thou shalt lend upon usury ...
//christianbookshelf.org/aquinas/summa theologica/whether it is a sin.htm

Celsus Adds: "Will they not Besides Make this Reflection? if the ...
... 4706] If Celsus had read the writings of Moses, he would, I daresay, have supposed
that when it is said to him who kept the law, "Thou shalt lend unto many ...
/.../origen/origen against celsus/chapter xviii celsus adds will.htm

Psalm CXXIX.
... wisdom. [5556] ... 6. Lend not money at interest. Thou accusest ... He replieth:
let not the clergy lend upon usury. Perchance he who ...
/.../augustine/exposition on the book of psalms/psalm cxxix.htm

Ye have Heard Also that it was Said unto the Ancients...
... superiority? for sinners also do likewise. [708] And if ye lend to him of whom
ye hope for a reward, [709] where is your superiority? for ...
/.../hogg/the diatessaron of tatian/section ix ye have heard.htm

A Rebuke against Extortion
... God had also instructed through Moses: "If thou lend money to any of My people that
is poor by thee, thou shalt not be to him as an usurer." "Thou shalt no ...
/.../white/the story of prophets and kings/chapter 54 a rebuke against.htm

Reformation Hymnody
... And birds are with song awaking. Lord, lend us Thy counsel and speed our days,.
The ... somber. Lord, lend us Thy counsel and speed our days,. ...
/.../aaberg/hymns and hymnwriters of denmark/chapter two reformation hymnody.htm

The Righteousness of the Kingdom.
... for even sinners do the same. And if ye lend to them of whom ye hope to receive,
what thank have ye? even sinners lend to sinners, to receive again as much. ...
//christianbookshelf.org/barton/his life/the righteousness of the kingdom.htm

Of the Navigation of King Agrippa to Rome, to Tiberius Caesar; and ...
... So Marsyas desired of Peter, who was the freed-man of Bernice, Agrippa's mother,
and by the right of her testament was bequeathed to Antonia, to lend so much ...
/.../josephus/the antiquities of the jews/chapter 6 of the navigation.htm

On the Third Part of the Psalm.
... Again, on the other hand, I myself, nay rather our God Himself bids thee be an usurer,
and says to thee, "Lend unto God." If thou lendest to man, hast thou hope ...
/.../augustine/exposition on the book of psalms/on the third part of.htm

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary

1. (v. t.) To allow the custody and use of, on condition of the return of the same; to grant the temporary use of; as, to lend a book; -- opposed to borrow.

2. (v. t.) To allow the possession and use of, on condition of the return of an equivalent in kind; as, to lend money or some article of food.

3. (v. t.) To afford; to grant or furnish in general; as, to lend assistance; to lend one's name or influence.

4. (v. t.) To let for hire or compensation; as, to lend a horse or gig.

Thesaurus

Lend (21 Occurrences)
... 1. (vt) To allow the custody and use of, on condition of the return of the same;
to grant the temporary use of; as, to lend a book; -- opposed to borrow. ...
/l/lend.htm - 18k

Loan (9 Occurrences)
... a sum of money lent at interest; as, he repaid the loan. 4. (nt) To lend; --
sometimes with out. Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia. LEND, LOAN. ...
/l/loan.htm - 16k

Usury (17 Occurrences)
... Hebrews were to lend to their brethren without interest (Exodus 22:25 Leviticus
25:36 Deuteronomy 23:19 f). This, however, did not apply to a stranger ...
/u/usury.htm - 15k

Interest (35 Occurrences)
... 36, 37). Deuteronomy permits them to lend on interest to a foreigner
(Deuteronomy 23:19, 20), but not to a brother Israelite. That ...
/i/interest.htm - 21k

Lent (9 Occurrences)
... Noah Webster's Dictionary 1. (imp. & pp) of Lend. 2. (v.) imp. & pp of Lend.
3. (n.) A fast of forty days, beginning with Ash Wednesday ...
/l/lent.htm - 9k

Repayment (6 Occurrences)
... (See NAS). Luke 6:34 If you lend to those from whom you hope to receive, what credit
is that to you? Even sinners lend to sinners, to receive back as much. ...
/r/repayment.htm - 8k

Expecting (22 Occurrences)
... (WEY). Luke 6:34 If you lend to those from whom you hope to receive, what credit
is that to you? Even sinners lend to sinners, to receive back as much. ...
/e/expecting.htm - 12k

Borrow (10 Occurrences)
... To receive from another as a loan, with the implied or expressed intention of returning
the identical article or its equivalent in kind; -- the opposite of lend...
/b/borrow.htm - 11k

Countrymen (60 Occurrences)
... Deuteronomy 23:19 You shall not lend on interest to your brother; interest of money,
interest of food, interest of anything that is lent on interest: (See NAS). ...
/c/countrymen.htm - 26k

Pledge (55 Occurrences)
... Deuteronomy 15:6 For Jehovah thy God will bless thee, as he promised thee; and thou
shalt lend on pledge to many nations, but thou shalt not borrow; and thou ...
/p/pledge.htm - 28k

Bible Concordance

Lend (21 Occurrences)

Luke 6:34 If you lend to those from whom you hope to receive, what credit is that to you? Even sinners lend to sinners, to receive back as much.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Luke 6:35 But love your enemies, and do good, and lend, expecting nothing back; and your reward will be great, and you will be children of the Most High; for he is kind toward the unthankful and evil.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Luke 11:5 He said to them, "Which of you, if you go to a friend at midnight, and tell him,'Friend, lend me three loaves of bread,
(WEB KJV WEY ASV WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Romans 6:13 and no longer lend your faculties as unrighteous weapons for Sin to use. On the contrary surrender your very selves to God as living men who have risen from the dead, and surrender your several faculties to God, to be used as weapons to maintain the right.
(WEY)

2 Corinthians 1:11 while you on your part lend us your aid in entreaty for us, so that from many lips thanksgivings may rise on our behalf for the boon granted to us at the intercession of many.
(WEY)

Exodus 22:25 "If you lend money to any of my people with you who is poor, you shall not be to him as a creditor; neither shall you charge him interest.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Leviticus 25:37 You shall not lend him your money at interest, nor give him your food for profit.
(WEB KJV DBY WBS RSV NIV)

Deuteronomy 15:6 For Yahweh your God will bless you, as he promised you: and you shall lend to many nations, but you shall not borrow; and you shall rule over many nations, but they shall not rule over you.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS NAS RSV NIV)

Deuteronomy 15:8 but you shall surely open your hand to him, and shall surely lend him sufficient for his need in that which he wants.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Deuteronomy 23:19 You shall not lend on interest to your brother; interest of money, interest of food, interest of anything that is lent on interest:
(WEB KJV JPS ASV WBS YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 23:20 to a foreigner you may lend on interest; but to your brother you shall not lend on interest, that Yahweh your God may bless you in all that you put your hand to, in the land where you go in to possess it.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV WBS YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 24:10 When you do lend your neighbor any manner of loan, you shall not go into his house to get his pledge.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS)

Deuteronomy 24:11 You shall stand outside, and the man to whom you do lend shall bring forth the pledge outside to you.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV WBS)

Deuteronomy 28:12 Yahweh will open to you his good treasure in the sky, to give the rain of your land in its season, and to bless all the work of your hand: and you shall lend to many nations, and you shall not borrow.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS NAS RSV NIV)

Deuteronomy 28:44 He shall lend to you, and you shall not lend to him: he shall be the head, and you shall be the tail.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Nehemiah 5:7 Then I consulted with myself, and contended with the nobles and the rulers, and said unto them, Ye exact usury, every one of his brother. And I held a great assembly against them.
(See JPS)

Nehemiah 5:10 I likewise, my brothers and my servants, do lend them money and grain. Please let us leave off this usury.
(WEB ASV NAS RSV NIV)

Psalms 15:5 he who doesn't lend out his money for usury, nor take a bribe against the innocent. He who does these things shall never be shaken.
(WEB NIV)

Psalms 37:26 All day long he deals graciously, and lends. His seed is blessed.
(Root in WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Psalms 83:8 Assyria also is joined with them. They have helped the children of Lot. Selah.
(See NIV)

Ezekiel 18:8 he who has not given forth on interest, neither has taken any increase, who has withdrawn his hand from iniquity, has executed true justice between man and man,
(See NAS RSV NIV)

Subtopics

Lend

Related Terms

Loan (9 Occurrences)

Usury (17 Occurrences)

Interest (35 Occurrences)

Lent (9 Occurrences)

Repayment (6 Occurrences)

Expecting (22 Occurrences)

Borrow (10 Occurrences)

Countrymen (60 Occurrences)

Pledge (55 Occurrences)