Deuteronomy 18:11
New International Version
or casts spells, or who is a medium or spiritist or who consults the dead.

New Living Translation
or cast spells, or function as mediums or psychics, or call forth the spirits of the dead.

English Standard Version
or a charmer or a medium or a necromancer or one who inquires of the dead,

Berean Standard Bible
casts spells, consults a medium or spiritist, or inquires of the dead.

King James Bible
Or a charmer, or a consulter with familiar spirits, or a wizard, or a necromancer.

New King James Version
or one who conjures spells, or a medium, or a spiritist, or one who calls up the dead.

New American Standard Bible
or one who casts a spell, or a medium, or a spiritist, or one who consults the dead.

NASB 1995
or one who casts a spell, or a medium, or a spiritist, or one who calls up the dead.

NASB 1977
or one who casts a spell, or a medium, or a spiritist, or one who calls up the dead.

Legacy Standard Bible
or one who is an enchanter or a medium or a spiritist or one who inquires of the dead.

Amplified Bible
or one who casts a charm or spell, or a medium, or a spiritist, or a necromancer [who seeks the dead].

Christian Standard Bible
cast spells, consult a medium or a spiritist, or inquire of the dead.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
cast spells, consult a medium or a familiar spirit, or inquire of the dead.

American Standard Version
or a charmer, or a consulter with a familiar spirit, or a wizard, or a necromancer.

English Revised Version
or a charmer, or a consulter with a familiar spirit, or a wizard, or a necromancer.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
cast spells, ask ghosts or spirits for help, or consult the dead.

Good News Translation
or charms, and don't let them consult the spirits of the dead.

International Standard Version
casts spells, or who is a medium, an occultist, or a necromancer.

Majority Standard Bible
casts spells, consults a medium or spiritist, or inquires of the dead.

NET Bible
one who casts spells, one who conjures up spirits, a practitioner of the occult, or a necromancer.

New Heart English Bible
or who casts spells, or consults a medium or a familiar spirit, or inquires of the dead.

Webster's Bible Translation
Or a charmer, or a consulter with familiar spirits, or a wizard, or a necromancer.

World English Bible
or a charmer, or someone who consults with a familiar spirit, or a wizard, or a necromancer.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and a charmer, and one inquiring from a familiar spirit, and a wizard, and one seeking to the dead.

Young's Literal Translation
and a charmer, and one asking at a familiar spirit, and a wizard, and one seeking unto the dead.

Smith's Literal Translation
And charming a spell, and asking of a necromancer, and a wizard, and seeking to the dead.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Nor charmer, nor any one that consulteth pythonic spirits, or fortune tellers, or that seeketh the truth from the dead.

Catholic Public Domain Version
nor one who uses spells, nor one who consults demonic spirits, nor a diviner, nor one who seeks the truth from the dead.

New American Bible
or who casts spells, consults ghosts and spirits, or seeks oracles from the dead.

New Revised Standard Version
or one who casts spells, or who consults ghosts or spirits, or who seeks oracles from the dead.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Or a charmer or a consulter with familiar spirits or a sorcerer or a necromancer.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Or one who charms with charms, or one who inquires of demons or of wizards, or an inquirer of the dead.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
or a charmer, or one that consulteth a ghost or a familiar spirit, or a necromancer.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
a sorcerer employing incantation, one who has in him a divining spirit, and observer of signs, questioning the dead.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Sorcery Forbidden
10Let no one be found among you who sacrifices his son or daughter in the fire, practices divination or conjury, interprets omens, practices sorcery, 11casts spells, consults a medium or spiritist, or inquires of the dead. 12For whoever does these things is detestable to the LORD. And because of these detestable things, the LORD your God is driving out the nations before you.…

Cross References
Leviticus 19:31
You must not turn to mediums or spiritists; do not seek them out, or you will be defiled by them. I am the LORD your God.

Isaiah 8:19
When men tell you to consult mediums and spiritists who whisper and mutter, shouldn’t a people consult their God instead? Why consult the dead on behalf of the living?

1 Samuel 28:7-8
Then Saul said to his servants, “Find me a woman who is a medium, so I can go and consult her.” “There is a medium at Endor,” his servants replied. / So Saul disguised himself by putting on different clothes, and he set out with two of his men. They came to the woman at night, and Saul said, “Consult a spirit for me. Bring up for me the one I name.”

2 Kings 21:6
He sacrificed his own son in the fire, practiced sorcery and divination, and consulted mediums and spiritists. He did great evil in the sight of the LORD, provoking Him to anger.

2 Chronicles 33:6
He sacrificed his sons in the fire in the Valley of Ben-hinnom. He practiced sorcery, divination, and witchcraft, and consulted mediums and spiritists. He did great evil in the sight of the LORD, provoking Him to anger.

Galatians 5:19-21
The acts of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity, and debauchery; / idolatry and sorcery; hatred, discord, jealousy, and rage; rivalries, divisions, factions, / and envy; drunkenness, orgies, and the like. I warn you, as I did before, that those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God.

Acts 16:16-18
One day as we were going to the place of prayer, we were met by a slave girl with a spirit of divination, who earned a large income for her masters by fortune-telling. / This girl followed Paul and the rest of us, shouting, “These men are servants of the Most High God, who are proclaiming to you the way of salvation!” / She continued this for many days. Eventually Paul grew so aggravated that he turned and said to the spirit, “In the name of Jesus Christ I command you to come out of her!” And the spirit left her at that very moment.

1 Corinthians 10:20-21
No, but the sacrifices of pagans are offered to demons, not to God. And I do not want you to be participants with demons. / You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons too; you cannot partake in the table of the Lord and the table of demons too.

Revelation 21:8
But to the cowardly and unbelieving and abominable and murderers and sexually immoral and sorcerers and idolaters and all liars, their place will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur. This is the second death.”

Revelation 22:15
But outside are the dogs, the sorcerers, the sexually immoral, the murderers, the idolaters, and everyone who loves and practices falsehood.

Micah 5:12
I will cut the sorceries from your hand, and you will have no fortune-tellers.

Nahum 3:4
because of the many harlotries of the harlot, the seductive mistress of sorcery, who betrays nations by her prostitution and clans by her witchcraft.

2 Kings 17:17
They sacrificed their sons and daughters in the fire and practiced divination and soothsaying. They devoted themselves to doing evil in the sight of the LORD, provoking Him to anger.

1 Chronicles 10:13-14
So Saul died for his unfaithfulness to the LORD, because he did not keep the word of the LORD and even consulted a medium for guidance, / and he failed to inquire of the LORD. So the LORD put him to death and turned the kingdom over to David son of Jesse.

Acts 19:18-19
Many who had believed now came forward, confessing and disclosing their deeds. / And a number of those who had practiced magic arts brought their books and burned them in front of everyone. When the value of the books was calculated, the total came to fifty thousand drachmas.


Treasury of Scripture

Or a charmer, or a consulter with familiar spirits, or a wizard, or a necromancer.

or a necromancer

1 Samuel 28:11-14
Then said the woman, Whom shall I bring up unto thee? And he said, Bring me up Samuel…

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Deuteronomy 18
1. The LORD is the priests and Levites' inheritance
3. The priests' due
6. The Levites' portion
9. The abominations of the nations are to be avoided
15. Christ the Prophet is to be heard
20. The presumptuous prophet is to die














or casts spells
The phrase "casts spells" refers to the practice of using incantations or magical words to influence or control events or people. In the Hebrew text, the word used is "חָבָר" (chabar), which means to join or bind together, often in the context of magical practices. Historically, casting spells was a common practice among pagan cultures surrounding Israel, where individuals believed they could manipulate spiritual forces for personal gain or harm. From a conservative Christian perspective, this practice is seen as a direct violation of God's sovereignty and an attempt to usurp His power. The Bible consistently warns against such practices, emphasizing reliance on God alone for guidance and protection.

or consults a medium
The term "consults a medium" involves seeking out individuals who claim to communicate with the spiritual realm, often to gain insight or knowledge. The Hebrew word here is "שָׁא֖וֹל" (sha'al), meaning to inquire or ask. In ancient times, mediums were believed to have special access to the spirits of the dead or other supernatural entities. However, the Bible explicitly condemns this practice, as it diverts trust away from God and places it in the hands of those who operate outside His will. From a conservative viewpoint, consulting mediums is seen as a form of idolatry, as it places faith in human intermediaries rather than in God.

or spiritist
The word "spiritist" refers to individuals who claim to have the ability to communicate with spirits or channel supernatural knowledge. The Hebrew term "יִּדְּעֹנִי" (yidde'oni) is used, which denotes a knower or one who claims to have secret knowledge. In the context of ancient Israel, spiritists were often associated with necromancy and other forbidden practices. The Bible's prohibition against spiritists underscores the importance of seeking wisdom and guidance from God alone. From a conservative Christian perspective, reliance on spiritists is seen as a dangerous deviation from faith, leading individuals away from the truth of God's Word.

or inquires of the dead
The phrase "inquires of the dead" involves attempting to communicate with deceased individuals to gain information or guidance. The Hebrew word "דָּרַשׁ" (darash) means to seek or inquire. This practice, known as necromancy, was prevalent among many ancient cultures but is strictly forbidden in Scripture. The Bible teaches that the dead are not to be contacted, as they are beyond the realm of the living and under God's judgment. From a conservative Christian perspective, inquiring of the dead is seen as a grave sin that opens individuals to deception and spiritual harm. It is a reminder to trust in God's revelation and His provision for life and godliness, rather than seeking forbidden knowledge.

(11) Charmer.--Literally one who ties knots, used here for the first time in Old Testament.

Consulter with familiar spirits.--Literally, one who consulteth ob (see Leviticus 19:31).

A Wizard.--One who knows or pretends to know the secrets of the unseen world. (See Leviticus 19:31.)

Necromancer.--One who inquires of the dead. Four of the above practices are ascribed to king Manasseh in 2Chronicles 33:6. It is hardly possible that all of them were mere imposture and deceit.



Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
casts spells,
וְחֹבֵ֖ר (wə·ḥō·ḇêr)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 2266: To unite, be joined, to tie a magic knot or spell, to charm

consults
וְשֹׁאֵ֥ל (wə·šō·’êl)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 7592: To inquire, to request, to demand

a medium
אוֹב֙ (’ō·wḇ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 178: A bottle (made from animal skin), a necromancer

or familiar spirit,
וְיִדְּעֹנִ֔י (wə·yid·də·‘ō·nî)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3049: A knowing one, a conjurer, a ghost

or inquires
וְדֹרֵ֖שׁ (wə·ḏō·rêš)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 1875: To tread, frequent, to follow, to seek, ask, to worship

of
אֶל־ (’el-)
Preposition
Strong's 413: Near, with, among, to

the dead.
הַמֵּתִֽים׃ (ham·mê·ṯîm)
Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 4191: To die, to kill


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OT Law: Deuteronomy 18:11 Or a charmer or a consulter (Deut. De Du)
Deuteronomy 18:10
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