Joram

to cast; elevated

Joram

(whom Jehovah has exalted).

1. Son of Ahab king of Israel. (2 Kings 8:16,25,28,29; 9:14,17,21-23,29) [JEHORAM, 1]
2. Son of Jehosphaphat; king of Judah. (2 Kings 8:21,23,24; 1 Chronicles 3:11; 2 Chronicles 22:5,7; Matthew 1:8) [JEHORAM, 2]
3. A priest in the reign of Jehoshaphat. (2 Chronicles 17:8)
4. A Levite, ancestor of Shelomith, in the time of David. (1 Chronicles 26:25)
5. Son of Toi king of Hamath. (2 Samuel 8:10) [HADORAM]
6. 1 Esd. 1:9. [JOSABAD, 3]

Jeho'ram.

(1.) One of the kings of Israel (2 Kings 8:16, 25, 28). He was the son of Ahab.

(2.) Jehoram, the son and successor of Jehoshaphat on the throne of Judah (

(n.) See Jorum.JEHORAM; JORAM

je-ho'-ram, written also in the abbreviated form, (yehoram, yoram, "Yahweh is high"; the Revised Version (British and American) retains "Joram" for Hebrew yehoram in 2 Kings 9:15-24):

(1) Ninth king of Israel (2 Kings 1:17-9:28), son of Ahab and Jezebel, successor to his brother Ahaziah, who died childless. He began to reign 853 B.C., and reigned 12 years (2 Kings 3:1; 2 Kings 8:16).

The statement in 2 Kings 1:17, "the second year of Jehoram," follows a system of chronology common to the Lucian group of manuscripts, in which the 1st year of Jehoshaphat falls in the 11th year of Omri; the 24th year of Jehoshaphat in the 1st year of Ahaziah; and the 1st year of Jehoram in the 2nd year of Jehoram of Judah. The double chronology (2 Kings 1:17 and 2 Kings 3:1) is due to the intention of the compiler of Kings to refer all the acts of Elisha to the reign of Jehoram, thus dislocating the order of events in that reign. Elisha, however, survived Jehoram many years, and it is possible that some of the events are to be referred to subsequent reigns.

I. Ninth King of Israel

1. His Religious Policy:

It is difficult to estimate the religious character of Jehoram. Apparently the fierce fanaticism of Jezebel and the boldness of Ahab reappear in the son in the form of duplicity and superstition. The attempt of Jezebel to substitute Baal for Yahweh had failed. The people were on the side of Yahweh. Otherwise Jehu could not have carried out his bloody reform. All the worshippers of Baal in the land could be gathered into one temple of Baal (2 Kings 10:18). Evidently Jehoram feared the people. Accordingly he posed as a reformer by putting away the pillar of Baal (2 Kings 3:2), while secretly he worshipped Baal (2 Kings 3:13 a). Nevertheless, when he got into straits, he expected to receive the help of Yahweh (2 Kings 3:13 b). He had not learned that a dual nature is as impossible as a union of Baal and Yahweh.

2. The Moabite War:

Immediately upon his accession, Jehoram came into conflict with Mesha, king of Moab (2 Kings 3:4). The account of the conflict is of special interest because of the supplementary information concerning Mesha furnished by the Moabite Stone. There we learn (ll. 1-8) that Moab became tributary to Israel in the days of Omri, and remained so for forty years, but that it rebelled in the days of Ahab. This probably brings us to the statement in 2 Kings 3:4; that Mesha "rendered unto the king of Israel the wool of a hundred thousand lambs, and of a hundred thousand rams," and that "when Ahab was dead,.... the king of Moab rebelled against the king of Israel." The victories of Mesha, glorified by the Moabite Stone, possibly took place before the events of 2 Kings 3:4;. Accordingly, Jehoram resolved to recover the allegiance of the Moabites. He called to his aid the ally of his father, Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, and the latter's vassal, the king of Edom. Jehoram was entertained at Jerusalem (Josephus, Ant, IX, ii i, 1). The allies marched against Moab by the longer route, around the southern end of the Dead Sea, indicating that Moab was fortified against attack from the West, and that Israel was weak in the East Jordan country. After the allies had been miraculousl y delivered from perishing for lack of water, they devastated the land and sacked the cities, and finally they succeeded in shutting up Mesha in Kir-hareseth. Driven to despair, Mesha offered his eldest son upon the wall as a burnt offering to Chemosh. This seems to have caused the tide to turn, for "there was great wrath against Israel," and the allies returned to their own land, apparently having failed to secure a lasting advantage.

3. The Conflicts with Syria:

Assuming that 2 Kings 4-8 belong to the reign of Jehoram, it appears that the Syrians made frequent incursions into the land of Israel, perhaps more in the nature of plundering robber bands than invasions by a regular army (2 Kings 6). Finally, however, Ben-had in person invaded the country and besieged Samaria. The inhabitants were reduced to horrible straits by famine, when the oppressors took sudden flight and Israel was saved. In the years 849, 848, and 845, Shalmaneser II invaded Syria. It is probable that during this period Jehoram recovered Ramoth-gilead, which had fallen to Syria under Ahab. Hazael succeeded Ben-hadad as ruler of Syria, and his first act, after having murdered his predecessor, was to regain Ramoth-gilead. In the defense of the city, Jehoram, who was assisted by his nephew, Ahaziah, was wounded, and returned to Jezreel to be healed of his wounds.

4. The Conspiracy of Jehu:

Jehoram left the army at Ramoth-gilead under the command of Jehu, a popular captain of the host. While Jehoram was at Jezreel, Elisha sent a prophet to anoint Jehu as king of Israel. Jehu had been a witness of the dramatic scene when Elijah hurled the curse of Yahweh at Ahab for his crime against Naboth. Jehu at once found in himself the instrument to bring the curse to fulfillment. Accordingly, he conspired his crime against Jehoram With a company of horsemen he proceeded to Jezreel, where Ahaziah was visiting his sick uncle, Jehoram. Jehoram suspected treachery, and, in company with Ahaziah, he rode out to meet Jehu. On his question, "Is it peace, Jehu?" he received a brutal reply that no longer left him in doubt as to the intention of the conspirator. As Jehoram turned to flee, Jehu drew his bow and shot him in the back so that the arrow pierced his heart. His dead body was thrown into the plat of ground that had belonged to Naboth.

(2) King of Judah, son of Jehoshaphat (2 Kings 8:16-24 2 Chronicles 21:1-20), he began to rule about 849 and reigned 8 years. With reference to the chronological difficulty introduced by 2 Kings 1:17, see (1) above.

II. King of Judah

1. His Marriage:

In the beginning of the reigns of Ahab and Jehoshaphat, an attempt was made to end the old feud between Israel and Judah. At the suggestion of Ahab, the two kingdoms, for the first time, joined forces against the common foe from the North, the Syrians. To seal the alliance, Athaliah, daughter of Jezebel and Ahab, was married to Jehoram, son of Jehoshaphat. Thus Jehoram was brother-in-law to (1) above. No doubt this was considered as a master stroke of conciliatory policy by the parties interested. However, it proved disastrous for Judah. Beyond a doubt, the unholy zeal of Jezebel included the Baalizing of Judah as well as of Israel. This marriage was a step in that direction.

2. His Idolatry:

"A man shall leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife." Jehoram did so. "He walked in the ways of the kings of Israel, as did the house of Ahab" (2 Kings 8:18). According to 2 Chronicles 21:11, 13, Jehoram not only accepted the religion of Athaliah, but he became a persecutor, compelling the inhabitants of Jerusalem and of the land to become apostates.

3. The Letter of Elijah:

Because of his gross idolatry and his wickedness, he is said (2 Chronicles 21:12) to have received a denunciatory letter from the prophet Elijah, which, however, had no effect on him. But this leads to a chronological difficulty. Was Elijah still alive? The inference from 2 Kings 3:11 is that he was not. Then, too, the Chronicler otherwise never mentions Elijah. Oettli is of the opinion that one should either read "Elisha" for "Elijah," or else consider the letter to have been the conception of a later writer, who felt that Elijah must have taken note of the wickedness of Jehoram and his wife, Athaliah, daughter of Ahab. In the latter event, the letter might be called a haggadic Midrash.

4. His Character:

A man's religion cannot be divorced from his character. Baalism had in it the elements of tyranny and civic unrighteousness. In keeping with his religion, and in true oriental fashion, Jehoram began his reign by murdering his brothers, and other princes of the land, to whom Jehoshaphat had given valuable gifts and responsible positions. The only event belonging to his reign recorded in Kings is the revolt of Edom.

5. The Revolt of Edom:

Edom was subdued by David, and, probably with the exception of a temporary revolt under Solomon (1 Kings 11:14), it had remained subject to the united kingdom or to Judah until the revolt under Jehoram The text is somewhat obscure, but both accounts indicate that the expedition of Jehoram against Edom ended in failure. In the account we are told that at the same time Libnah revolted.

6. The Raid into Judah:

Perhaps the revolt of Libnah should be taken in connection with the invasion of the Philistines and of the Arabians, mentioned in 2 Chronicles 21. Libnah was located on the south-western border of Judah. Since it was a border city, it is possible that the compiler of Kings considered it as belonging to Philistia. In the account in Chronicles, Jehoram is represented as having lost all his possessions and all his family, save Jehoahaz, the youngest of his sons, when the town was sacked and the palace plundered by the invading force of Philistines and Arabians. The account appears to be based upon reliable sources.

7. His Death:

In his last days, he was afflicted with a frightful disease in the bowels. His death was unregretted, and his burial without honor. Contrast, however, 2 Kings 8:24 with 2 Chronicles 21:20. Ahaziah, also called Jehoahaz, his younger son, then became king in his stead.

S. K. Mosiman

JORAM

jo'-ram (yoram, "Yahweh is exalted"; compare JEHORAM):

(1) Son of Toi (or Tou, according to Septuagint, Codex Vaticanus, and 1 Chronicles 18:9, 10), sent by his father to greet David (2 Samuel 8:10) = "Hadoram" (1 Chronicles 18:9, 10) a form preferred by commentators in 2 Samuel also.

(2) Same as Jehoram, king of Judah (2 Kings 8:21-24; 2 Kings 11:2 1 Chronicles 3:11 Matthew 1:8 Ioram).

(3) Same as Jehoram, king of Northern Israel (2 Kings 8:29; compare 2 Kings 9:15 the Revised Version margin).

(4) (In form yoram): A Levite (1 Chronicles 26:25).

(5) (Ioram, 1 Esdras 1:9) = "Jozabad" (2 Chronicles 35:9); see JOZABAD (4).

2496. Ioram -- Joram, an Israelite
... Joram, an Israelite. Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Indeclinable Transliteration:
Ioram Phonetic Spelling: (ee-o-ram') Short Definition: Joram, Jehoram Definition ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/2496.htm - 6k

2498. Iosaphat -- Jehoshaphat, an Israelite
... Phonetic Spelling: (ee-o-saf-at') Short Definition: Jehoshaphat Definition: (Hebrew),
Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, son of Asaph, father of Joram, an ancestor of ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/2498.htm - 6k

1663. Eliezer -- Eliezer, an Israelite
... Proper Noun, Indeclinable Transliteration: Eliezer Phonetic Spelling: (el-ee-ed'-
zer) Short Definition: Eliezer Definition: Eliezer, son of Joram and father of ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1663.htm - 6k

3604. Ozias -- Uzziah, an Israelite
... Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: Ozias Phonetic Spelling:
(od-zee'-as) Short Definition: Uzziah Definition: Uzziah, son of Joram and father ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3604.htm - 6k

3141. Yoram -- Joram
... Joram. Transliteration: Yoram Phonetic Spelling: (yo-rawm') Short Definition: Joram.
Word Origin the same as Yehoram, qv NASB Word Usage Joram (20). Joram. ...
/hebrew/3141.htm - 6k

3088. Yehoram -- "the LORD is exalted," the name of several ...
... Word Origin from Yhvh and rum Definition "the LORD is exalted," the name of several
Isr., also a king of H amath NASB Word Usage Jehoram (22), Joram (7). ...
/hebrew/3088.htm - 6k

How Joram and Jehoshaphat Made an Expedition against the Moabites ...
... CHAPTER 3. How Joram And Jehoshaphat Made An Expedition Against The Moabites; As
Also Concerning The Wonders Of Elisha; And The Death Of Jehoshaphat. ...
/.../josephus/the antiquities of the jews/chapter 3 how joram and.htm

Jehoram Succeeds Jehoshaphat; How Joram, his Namesake, King of ...
... CHAPTER 4. Jehoram Succeeds Jehoshaphat; How Joram, His Namesake, King Of Israel,
Fought With The Syrians; And What Wonders Were Done By The Prophet Elisha. ...
/.../josephus/the antiquities of the jews/chapter 4 jehoram succeeds jehoshaphat.htm

How Jehu was Anointed King, and Slew Both Joram and Ahaziah; as ...
... CHAPTER 6. How Jehu Was Anointed King, And Slew Both Joram And Ahaziah; As
Also What He Did For The Punishment Of The Wicked. 1. Now ...
/.../josephus/the antiquities of the jews/chapter 6 how jehu was.htm

But Jeu Possessed the Kingdom of Joram. ...
... The Sacred History Of Sulpitius Severus. Book I. Chapter XLVI. But Jeu possessed
the kingdom of Joram.? But Jeu possessed the kingdom of Joram. ...
/.../life and writings of sulpitius severus /chapter xlvi but jeu possessed.htm

The End of Ahab's Selfish Family
... each quickly took his garment, laid it at his feet on the bare stairs, and blew
the horn and cried, "Jehu is the ruler of Israel." So Jehu plotted against Joram ...
/.../christianbookshelf.org/sherman/the childrens bible/the end of ahabs selfish.htm

Genealogy of Jesus According to Matthew.
... like his father Asa; but he displeased God somewhat by being too friendly with Ahab,
the wicked king of Israel]; and Jehoshaphat begat Joram [Joram married ...
/.../mcgarvey/the four-fold gospel/iii genealogy of jesus according.htm

The Boy Joash on the Throne of Judah
... When Joram had ruled twelve years over Israel, Ahaziah the son of Jehoram began
to rule over Judah. And he went down to Jezreel to visit Joram, who was ill. ...
//christianbookshelf.org/sherman/the childrens bible/the boy joash on the.htm

He, Being Sick in Body, and Having Sent Some of his Servants to ...
... The king died, as the prophet had predicted. To him there succeeded his brother
Joram; and he held the government for the space of twelve years. ...
/.../severus/life and writings of sulpitius severus /chapter xlv he being sick.htm

Whether Christ's Genealogy is Suitably Traced by the Evangelists?
... Objection 4: Further, we read (4 Kings 8:24) that Joram begot Ochozias, who was
succeeded by his son Joas: who was succeeded by his son Amasius: after whom ...
/.../aquinas/summa theologica/whether christs genealogy is suitably.htm

A Little Jewish Maid.
... And he also wrote a letter to Joram, the King of Israel, and gave it to
Naaman to deliver; and this is what he wrote:". "When this ...
/.../anonymous/children of the old testament/a little jewish maid.htm

Joram (26 Occurrences)
... (n.) See. Jorum. Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia. JEHORAM; JORAM. ... Ahaziah, also
called Jehoahaz, his younger son, then became king in his stead. SK Mosiman. JORAM...
/j/joram.htm - 27k

Ahazi'ah (33 Occurrences)
... (See RSV). 2 Kings 8:24 And Joram slept with his fathers, and was buried with his
fathers in the city of David; and Ahaziah his son reigned in his stead. ...
/a/ahazi'ah.htm - 16k

Jizreel (30 Occurrences)
... 2 Kings 8:29 And king Joram returned to be healed in Jizreel of the wounds that
the Syrians had given him at Ramah, when he fought with Hazael king of Syria. ...
/j/jizreel.htm - 15k

Jeho'ram (21 Occurrences)
... 2 Kings 8:16 And in the fifth year of Joram the son of Ahab king of Israel, Jehoshaphat
being the king of Judah, Jehoram the son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah ...
/j/jeho'ram.htm - 13k

Ramoth (30 Occurrences)
... 2 Kings 8:28 He went with Joram the son of Ahab to war against Hazael king
of Syria at Ramoth Gilead: and the Syrians wounded Joram. ...
/r/ramoth.htm - 18k

Rode (22 Occurrences)
... 2 Kings 9:16 So Jehu rode in a chariot, and went to Jezreel; for Joram lay
there. Ahaziah king of Judah had come down to see Joram. ...
/r/rode.htm - 13k

Carriage (32 Occurrences)
... (BBE). 2 Kings 9:16 So Jehu got into his carriage and went to Jezreel, for Joram
was ill in bed there; and Ahaziah, king of Judah, had come down to see Joram. ...
/c/carriage.htm - 19k

Haz'ael (21 Occurrences)
... (See RSV). 2 Kings 8:28 And he went with Joram the son of Ahab to war against Hazael
king of Aram at Ramoth-gilead; and the Arameans wounded Joram. (See RSV). ...
/h/haz'ael.htm - 12k

Jehosh'aphat (75 Occurrences)
... Multi-Version Concordance Jehosh'aphat (75 Occurrences). Matthew 1:8 and Asa begat
Jehoshaphat, and Jehoshaphat begat Joram, and Joram begat Uzziah, (See RSV). ...
/j/jehosh'aphat.htm - 27k

Ramothgilead (19 Occurrences)
... Kings 22:1-36). A similar attempt was afterwards made by Ahaziah and Joram,
when the latter was wounded (2 Kings 8:28). In this city ...
/r/ramothgilead.htm - 19k

Who was King Jehoram / Joram in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org

Who was King Ahaziah in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org

Who was King Joash in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org

Joram: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

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