Then I saw
The phrase "Then I saw" indicates a continuation of John's visionary experience. The Greek word for "saw" is "εἶδον" (eidon), which implies not just physical sight but also spiritual insight. This suggests that John is being granted a divine revelation, a common theme in apocalyptic literature where the seer is given insight into heavenly realities. This vision is part of a sequence, emphasizing the unfolding of God's plan.

another great and marvelous sign
The word "another" suggests that this is not the first sign John has witnessed, linking it to previous signs in Revelation. The Greek word for "great" is "μέγας" (megas), and "marvelous" is "θαυμαστός" (thaumastos), both of which underscore the significance and awe-inspiring nature of the vision. In biblical context, signs are often miraculous events that point to a deeper spiritual truth. This sign is both great in its scope and marvelous in its divine origin, indicating its importance in the narrative of Revelation.

in heaven
The location "in heaven" signifies the divine origin and authority of the vision. Heaven, in biblical terms, is the realm of God, angels, and ultimate truth. This setting contrasts with earthly events, highlighting the transcendence and sovereignty of God over creation. The heavenly context assures believers of the divine orchestration behind the events that are about to unfold.

seven angels
The number "seven" is significant in biblical literature, symbolizing completeness and perfection. The presence of "seven angels" indicates a complete and divinely ordained mission. Angels, or "ἄγγελοι" (angeloi) in Greek, are messengers of God, often tasked with carrying out His will. Their role here underscores the seriousness and finality of the forthcoming events.

with the seven final plagues
The "seven final plagues" are the culmination of God's judgment. The term "plagues" (πληγαί, plēgai) recalls the plagues of Egypt, which were divine judgments leading to liberation. Here, they signify the ultimate judgment upon a sinful world. The word "final" emphasizes that these are the last in a series of divine judgments, bringing God's plan to completion.

with which the wrath of God will be completed
The "wrath of God" refers to His righteous anger against sin and injustice. The Greek word for "wrath" is "ὀργή" (orgē), which conveys a settled and just response to evil. The phrase "will be completed" (τελέω, teleō) indicates the fulfillment of God's righteous judgment. This completion is not arbitrary but is part of God's redemptive plan, offering hope that justice will ultimately prevail.

And I saw
The phrase "And I saw" is a common introductory formula in the Book of Revelation, used by John to indicate a new vision or revelation. The Greek word for "saw" is "εἶδον" (eidon), which implies not just physical sight but also spiritual insight. This suggests that John is being given a divine perspective, a glimpse into heavenly realities that are beyond ordinary human perception.

something like a sea of glass
The "sea of glass" is a symbolic image that appears earlier in Revelation 4:6. The Greek word for "glass" is "ὕαλος" (hualos), which can mean transparent or translucent. This imagery evokes a sense of purity, calmness, and divine majesty. In the ancient world, glass was rare and precious, often associated with wealth and splendor. The "sea" may symbolize the vastness and depth of God's presence, a serene expanse that reflects His glory.

mixed with fire
The addition of "fire" to the sea of glass introduces an element of judgment and purification. Fire in biblical symbolism often represents God's holiness and His purifying presence (e.g., Malachi 3:2-3). The Greek word for "fire" is "πῦρ" (pur), which is used throughout Scripture to denote both destruction and refinement. This imagery suggests that God's judgment is both righteous and purifying, preparing the way for His ultimate victory.

and those who had conquered the beast and its image and the number of its name
This phrase highlights the victorious saints who have overcome the forces of evil. The Greek word for "conquered" is "νικάω" (nikao), meaning to overcome or prevail. This victory is not through human strength but through faith in Christ (1 John 5:4-5). The "beast" and its "image" refer to the oppressive powers and false ideologies that oppose God, as described in Revelation 13. The "number of its name" is a reference to the infamous number 666, symbolizing imperfection and rebellion against God. These saints have remained faithful, resisting the temptations and pressures of the world.

were standing on the sea of glass
The act of standing signifies triumph and stability. In the Greek, "standing" is "ἵστημι" (histemi), which conveys firmness and steadfastness. The saints are depicted as standing on the sea of glass, indicating their secure position in God's presence. This is a place of honor and victory, where they are upheld by God's grace and power.

with harps of God in their hands
The "harps of God" symbolize worship and praise. In the Greek, "harps" is "κιθάρα" (kithara), an instrument associated with joy and celebration. The saints are not only victors but also worshipers, offering their praise to God. This imagery reflects the biblical theme of music as a response to God's mighty acts (e.g., Exodus 15:1-21). The harps signify that their victory leads to eternal worship, a harmonious celebration of God's justice and mercy.

And they sang
This phrase indicates a collective act of worship and praise. In the context of Revelation, singing is often associated with victory and celebration. The Greek word for "sang" is "ado," which implies a continuous or repeated action, suggesting that this is an ongoing expression of worship. Historically, singing has been a central part of Jewish and Christian worship, reflecting the joy and reverence of the faithful.

the song of God’s servant Moses
This refers to a specific song found in the Old Testament, particularly in Exodus 15, where Moses and the Israelites sang after their deliverance from Egypt. The mention of Moses here connects the deliverance of the Israelites with the ultimate deliverance of God's people in Revelation. Moses, as a servant of God, represents obedience and faithfulness, and his song is a testament to God's power and salvation.

and of the Lamb
The Lamb is a central figure in Revelation, representing Jesus Christ. The juxtaposition of Moses and the Lamb highlights the continuity between the Old and New Testaments, showing that the salvation history culminates in Christ. The Lamb symbolizes sacrifice, redemption, and victory over sin and death, emphasizing the ultimate triumph of God's plan.

Great and wonderful are Your works
This phrase acknowledges the majesty and awe-inspiring nature of God's actions. The Greek words "megala" (great) and "thaumasta" (wonderful) convey a sense of overwhelming power and beauty. Throughout scripture, God's works are described as marvelous and beyond human comprehension, inviting believers to trust in His divine plan.

Lord God Almighty
This title emphasizes God's supreme authority and power. "Lord" (Kyrios) denotes sovereignty, "God" (Theos) affirms His divinity, and "Almighty" (Pantokrator) underscores His omnipotence. This tri-fold title reassures believers of God's control over all creation and history, providing comfort and hope in the face of trials.

Just and true are Your ways
Here, God's actions are described as righteous and faithful. The Greek words "dikaiai" (just) and "alethinai" (true) reflect God's unwavering commitment to justice and truth. In a world often marked by injustice and deceit, this affirmation assures believers that God's ways are perfect and trustworthy.

O King of the nations
This title proclaims God's universal reign over all peoples and nations. The Greek word "ethnon" (nations) indicates the inclusivity of God's kingdom, transcending ethnic and cultural boundaries. As King, God is the ultimate ruler, deserving of worship and allegiance from all creation. This vision of God's sovereignty offers hope for a future where His justice and peace prevail.

Who will not fear You, O Lord
This phrase begins with a rhetorical question that emphasizes the awe-inspiring nature of God. The Greek word for "fear" here is "φοβηθήσονται" (phobēthēsontai), which implies a reverential awe rather than mere terror. In the biblical context, fearing the Lord is often associated with wisdom and understanding (Proverbs 9:10). The use of "O Lord" acknowledges God's supreme authority and sovereignty, a theme consistent throughout Scripture, reminding believers of the rightful place of God as the object of reverence and worship.

and glorify Your name?
To "glorify" in Greek is "δοξάσωσιν" (doxasōsin), which means to honor or magnify. The "name" of God represents His character and essence. In ancient cultures, a name was more than a label; it encapsulated identity and reputation. Glorifying God's name is an act of worship that acknowledges His holiness, power, and majesty. This phrase calls believers to live in a way that reflects God's glory, as seen in Matthew 5:16, where Jesus instructs His followers to let their light shine before others.

For You alone are holy
The word "holy" in Greek is "ἅγιος" (hagios), meaning set apart, sacred, or pure. This declaration underscores the uniqueness of God's nature. Unlike any other being, God is inherently holy, and His holiness is the foundation of His moral perfection and righteousness. This holiness demands a response of worship and reverence from all creation. The exclusivity of "You alone" highlights that no other entity shares in this divine attribute, reinforcing monotheism and the call to worship God alone.

All nations will come and worship before You
This phrase speaks to the universal scope of God's kingdom. "All nations" indicates the inclusivity of God's redemptive plan, echoing the promise to Abraham that all nations would be blessed through him (Genesis 12:3). The Greek word for "worship" is "προσκυνήσουσιν" (proskynēsousin), which conveys the act of bowing down in reverence. This prophetic vision anticipates a time when people from every tribe and tongue will acknowledge God's sovereignty, as seen in Philippians 2:10-11, where every knee will bow to Jesus.

for Your righteous acts have been revealed
The "righteous acts" refer to God's just and faithful deeds throughout history, culminating in His ultimate plan of salvation through Jesus Christ. The Greek word "δικαιώματα" (dikaiōmata) implies actions that are in accordance with divine law and justice. The revelation of these acts is a testament to God's faithfulness and integrity. This phrase assures believers that God's purposes are being fulfilled and that His justice will ultimately prevail, providing hope and encouragement to remain steadfast in faith.

After this I looked
This phrase indicates a transition in John's vision, suggesting a new scene or revelation. The Greek word for "looked" is "εἶδον" (eidon), which implies not just a physical sight but a deeper spiritual perception. John, as the recipient of this vision, is being shown divine truths that are meant to be revealed to the Church. This phrase underscores the importance of spiritual vigilance and readiness to receive God's revelations.

and the temple
The term "temple" here is translated from the Greek word "ναός" (naos), which refers to the inner sanctuary, the most sacred part of the temple where God's presence dwells. In the context of Revelation, this temple is not an earthly structure but a heavenly one, symbolizing the ultimate dwelling place of God. It reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to dwell among His people, as seen throughout Scripture, from the tabernacle in the wilderness to the eternal city in Revelation.

the tabernacle of the testimony
This phrase draws from the Old Testament imagery of the tabernacle, specifically the "tent of meeting" where the Ark of the Covenant was kept. The "testimony" refers to the tablets of the Law, signifying God's covenant and His faithfulness. The Greek word "μαρτυρίου" (marturiou) means "testimony" or "witness," emphasizing the enduring witness of God's law and promises. This imagery connects the heavenly reality with the historical journey of God's people, reminding believers of God's unchanging nature and His covenantal faithfulness.

was opened
The opening of the temple signifies access and revelation. The Greek word "ἠνοίγη" (ēnoigē) suggests an unveiling or making known what was previously hidden. This opening is a divine act, indicating that God is revealing His purposes and judgments to humanity. It is a moment of profound significance, as it heralds the unfolding of God's final plans for redemption and judgment.

in heaven
The location "in heaven" emphasizes the divine origin and authority of the vision. Heaven, in biblical terms, is the realm of God's perfect will and presence. This phrase assures believers that the events being revealed are under God's sovereign control and are part of His divine plan. It serves as a reminder of the ultimate hope and assurance that believers have in God's eternal kingdom, contrasting the temporal and often tumultuous nature of earthly existence.

And out of the temple
The phrase "out of the temple" signifies the divine origin of the events that are about to unfold. The temple, in the context of Revelation, often symbolizes the heavenly dwelling place of God. The Greek word used here, "ναός" (naos), refers to the inner sanctuary, emphasizing the holiness and sacredness of the proceedings. This imagery reminds us that the judgments are not arbitrary but are decreed by God Himself, emanating from His holy presence.

came the seven angels
The "seven angels" are significant in the apocalyptic literature of Revelation. The number seven often represents completeness or perfection in the Bible, indicating that these angels are carrying out a complete and divinely ordained mission. Angels, as messengers of God, are frequently depicted as executing His will, and their emergence from the temple underscores their divine commission.

with the seven plagues
The "seven plagues" are a series of divine judgments. The Greek word for plagues, "πληγές" (plēgés), can also mean blows or wounds, suggesting the severity and impact of these judgments. Historically, plagues have been seen as instruments of divine wrath and correction, reminiscent of the plagues of Egypt in the book of Exodus. This connection serves as a reminder of God's power and justice.

dressed in pure, bright linen
The attire of the angels, "pure, bright linen," symbolizes righteousness and purity. Linen was often used for priestly garments in the Old Testament, indicating holiness and service to God. The Greek word "καθαρός" (katharos) for pure, and "λαμπρός" (lampros) for bright, emphasize the unblemished and radiant nature of their mission. This attire reflects the divine authority and the sanctity of their task.

with golden sashes around their chests
The "golden sashes" are a mark of dignity and authority. Gold, in biblical symbolism, often represents purity, value, and kingship. The sash, or "ζώνη" (zōnē), worn around the chest, is reminiscent of the attire of Christ as described earlier in Revelation (1:13), suggesting a connection to His authority and priestly role. This imagery reinforces the idea that the angels are acting under the direct command and authority of Christ Himself.

one of the four living creatures
In Revelation 15:7, the phrase "one of the four living creatures" refers to the celestial beings introduced earlier in Revelation 4:6-8. These creatures are often understood to represent the fullness of creation, with each one symbolizing different aspects of God's creation and attributes. The Greek term used here is "ζῷον" (zoon), which means a living being or creature. These beings are closely associated with the throne of God, indicating their role in worship and the execution of divine will. Their involvement in the unfolding of God's judgment underscores the harmony between creation and the Creator's righteous plans.

gave
The action of "gave" signifies the transfer of authority or responsibility. In the Greek, the word used is "ἔδωκεν" (edōken), which implies a deliberate and purposeful act. This giving is not random but is part of the divine orchestration of events. It highlights the active participation of heavenly beings in the fulfillment of God's purposes, emphasizing that the judgments to follow are sanctioned and initiated by divine authority.

the seven golden bowls
The "seven golden bowls" are symbolic of the completeness and purity of God's wrath. Gold, in biblical symbolism, often represents purity, holiness, and divine nature. The number seven is frequently used in Scripture to denote completeness or perfection. These bowls are vessels of God's righteous judgment, ready to be poured out upon the earth. The imagery of bowls suggests a measured and controlled dispensing of wrath, indicating that God's judgments are neither haphazard nor unjust but are perfectly aligned with His holy nature.

full of the wrath of God
The phrase "full of the wrath of God" conveys the intensity and totality of divine judgment. The Greek word for "wrath" is "θυμός" (thymos), which refers to a passionate, intense anger. This is not a capricious or uncontrolled anger but a righteous response to sin and rebellion. The fullness of the bowls signifies that God's patience has reached its limit, and the time for judgment has come. It serves as a sobering reminder of the seriousness of sin and the certainty of divine justice.

who lives forever and ever
This phrase emphasizes the eternal nature of God, who is described as "ὁ ζῶν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων" (ho zōn eis tous aiōnas tōn aiōnōn) in Greek. It underscores God's sovereignty and unchanging nature. Unlike the temporal and fleeting nature of human life and kingdoms, God's existence is eternal. This eternal perspective assures believers that God's judgments are not only just but are also part of His eternal plan. It provides comfort and hope, knowing that the God who judges is also the God who redeems and sustains His creation throughout eternity.

And the temple
The term "temple" here refers to the heavenly sanctuary, a place of divine presence and worship. In the Greek, the word used is "ναός" (naos), which specifically denotes the inner sanctuary, the Holy of Holies. This is significant as it underscores the sacredness and the direct presence of God, reminiscent of the earthly temple's most sacred space where God's presence dwelt among the Israelites.

was filled with smoke
Smoke in biblical terms often symbolizes the presence and majesty of God. In the Old Testament, smoke is frequently associated with God's presence, as seen in Exodus 19:18, where Mount Sinai was covered with smoke because the Lord descended on it in fire. The Greek word "καπνός" (kapnos) here emphasizes the awe-inspiring and overwhelming nature of God's presence, indicating His holiness and the seriousness of the events unfolding.

from the glory of God
The "glory of God" is a profound biblical concept, often described by the Hebrew word "כָּבוֹד" (kavod), which conveys weightiness, honor, and splendor. In the Greek, "δόξα" (doxa) is used, reflecting the divine radiance and majesty of God. This glory is not just a visual phenomenon but represents God's ultimate authority and holiness, filling the temple and signifying His active involvement in the judgment process.

and from His power
The phrase "His power" highlights God's omnipotence and sovereign control over all creation. The Greek word "δύναμις" (dynamis) is used, which is the root of the English word "dynamite," indicating explosive and transformative power. This power is not only creative but also judicial, as God enacts His righteous judgments upon the earth.

and no one could enter the temple
This restriction signifies the solemnity and exclusivity of God's presence during this time of judgment. The Greek phrase "οὐδεὶς ἐδύνατο" (oudeis edynato) emphasizes the absolute nature of this prohibition. It reflects the seriousness of the divine actions taking place and the separation between the holy and the profane during this period of judgment.

until the seven plagues of the seven angels were completed
The "seven plagues" represent the fullness and completeness of God's judgment, as the number seven often symbolizes perfection and completion in biblical numerology. The Greek word "πληγὰς" (plēgas) refers to blows or strikes, indicating the severity of these judgments. The "seven angels" are divine messengers executing God's will, and their completion signifies the fulfillment of God's righteous plan. This phrase underscores the inevitability and thoroughness of divine justice, reminding believers of God's ultimate sovereignty and the assurance that His purposes will be accomplished in their entirety.