Leviticus 11:2
New International Version
“Say to the Israelites: ‘Of all the animals that live on land, these are the ones you may eat:

New Living Translation
“Give the following instructions to the people of Israel. “Of all the land animals, these are the ones you may use for food.

English Standard Version
“Speak to the people of Israel, saying, These are the living things that you may eat among all the animals that are on the earth.

Berean Standard Bible
“Say to the Israelites, ‘Of all the beasts of the earth, these ones you may eat:

King James Bible
Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, These are the beasts which ye shall eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.

New King James Version
“Speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘These are the animals which you may eat among all the animals that are on the earth:

New American Standard Bible
“Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘These are the creatures which you may eat from all the animals that are on the earth.

NASB 1995
“Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘These are the creatures which you may eat from all the animals that are on the earth.

NASB 1977
“Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘These are the creatures which you may eat from all the animals that are on the earth.

Legacy Standard Bible
“Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘These are the creatures which you may eat from all the animals that are on the earth.

Amplified Bible
“Speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘Among all the animals which are on the earth, these are the animals which you may eat.

Christian Standard Bible
“Tell the Israelites: You may eat all these kinds of land animals.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Tell the Israelites: You may eat all these kinds of land animals.

American Standard Version
Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, These are the living things which ye may eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.

Contemporary English Version
to say to the community of Israel: You may eat

English Revised Version
Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, These are the living things which ye shall eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
"Tell the Israelites: Here are the kinds of land animals you may eat:

Good News Translation
for the people of Israel. You may eat any land animal

International Standard Version
"Tell the Israelis that these are the living creatures that you may eat among the animals of the earth:

Majority Standard Bible
“Say to the Israelites, ‘Of all the beasts of the earth, these ones you may eat:

NET Bible
"Tell the Israelites: 'This is the kind of creature you may eat from among all the animals that are on the land.

New Heart English Bible
"Speak to the children of Israel, saying, 'These are the living things which you may eat among all the animals that are on the earth.

Webster's Bible Translation
Speak to the children of Israel, saying, These are the beasts which ye may eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.

World English Bible
“Speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘These are the living things which you may eat among all the animals that are on the earth.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
“Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, This [is] the beast which you eat out of all the beasts which [are] on the earth:

Young's Literal Translation
Speak unto the sons of Israel, saying, This is the beast which ye do eat out of all the beasts which are on the earth:

Smith's Literal Translation
Speak to the sons of Israel, saying These the beasts which ye shall eat from all the cattle which are upon the earth.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Say to the children of Israel: These are the animals which you are to eat of all the living things of the earth.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Say to the sons of Israel: These are the animals that you ought to eat out of all the living things of the earth.

New American Bible
Speak to the Israelites and tell them: Of all land animals these are the ones you may eat:

New Revised Standard Version
Speak to the people of Israel, saying: From among all the land animals, these are the creatures that you may eat.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Speak to the children of Israel and say to them, These are the beasts which you shall eat among all the beasts that are on the earth:

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
“Speak with the children of Israel and say to them: ‘This animal you shall be eating of every beast that is on land.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Speak unto the children of Israel, saying: These are the living things which ye may eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Speak ye to the sons of Israel, saying, These are the beasts which ye shall eat of all beasts that are upon the earth.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Clean and Unclean Animals
1The LORD spoke again to Moses and Aaron, telling them, 2“Say to the Israelites, Of all the beasts of the earth, these ones you may eat: 3You may eat any animal that has a split hoof completely divided and that chews the cud.…

Cross References
Deuteronomy 14:3-21
You must not eat any detestable thing. / These are the animals that you may eat: The ox, the sheep, the goat, / the deer, the gazelle, the roe deer, the wild goat, the ibex, the antelope, and the mountain sheep. ...

Acts 10:9-16
The next day at about the sixth hour, as the men were approaching the city on their journey, Peter went up on the roof to pray. / He became hungry and wanted something to eat, but while the meal was being prepared, he fell into a trance. / He saw heaven open and something like a large sheet being let down to earth by its four corners. ...

Mark 7:18-19
“Are you still so dull?” He asked. “Do you not understand? Nothing that enters a man from the outside can defile him, / because it does not enter his heart, but it goes into the stomach and then is eliminated.” (Thus all foods are clean.)

Matthew 15:11
A man is not defiled by what enters his mouth, but by what comes out of it.”

Romans 14:14
I am convinced and fully persuaded in the Lord Jesus that nothing is unclean in itself. But if anyone regards something as unclean, then for him it is unclean.

1 Timothy 4:4-5
For every creation of God is good, and nothing that is received with thanksgiving should be rejected, / because it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer.

Genesis 7:2-3
You are to take with you seven pairs of every kind of clean animal, a male and its mate; a pair of every kind of unclean animal, a male and its mate; / and seven pairs of every kind of bird of the air, male and female, to preserve their offspring on the face of all the earth.

Genesis 9:3-4
Everything that lives and moves will be food for you; just as I gave you the green plants, I now give you all things. / But you must not eat meat with its lifeblood still in it.

Isaiah 66:17
“Those who consecrate and purify themselves to enter the groves—to follow one in the center of those who eat the flesh of swine and vermin and rats—will perish together,” declares the LORD.

Ezekiel 4:14
“Ah, Lord GOD,” I said, “I have never defiled myself. From my youth until now I have not eaten anything found dead or mauled by wild beasts. No unclean meat has ever entered my mouth.”

Hosea 9:3
They will not remain in the land of the LORD; Ephraim will return to Egypt and eat unclean food in Assyria.

Daniel 1:8
But Daniel made up his mind that he would not defile himself with the king’s food or wine. So he asked the chief official for permission not to defile himself.

Acts 15:28-29
It seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us not to burden you with anything beyond these essential requirements: / You must abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from blood, from the meat of strangled animals, and from sexual immorality. You will do well to avoid these things. Farewell.

Colossians 2:16-17
Therefore let no one judge you by what you eat or drink, or with regard to a feast, a New Moon, or a Sabbath. / These are a shadow of the things to come, but the body that casts it belongs to Christ.

Hebrews 9:10
They consist only in food and drink and special washings—external regulations imposed until the time of reform.


Treasury of Scripture

Speak to the children of Israel, saying, These are the beasts which you shall eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.

Deuteronomy 14:3-8
Thou shalt not eat any abominable thing…

Ezekiel 4:14
Then said I, Ah Lord GOD! behold, my soul hath not been polluted: for from my youth up even till now have I not eaten of that which dieth of itself, or is torn in pieces; neither came there abominable flesh into my mouth.

Daniel 1:8
But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the portion of the king's meat, nor with the wine which he drank: therefore he requested of the prince of the eunuchs that he might not defile himself.

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Animals Beast Beasts Children Creatures Earth Eat Food Israel Israelites Live Ones Speak
Leviticus 11
1. What animals may be eaten
4. and what may not be eaten
9. What fishes
13. What fowls
29. The creeping things which are unclean














Say to the Israelites
This phrase establishes the audience and the authority of the message. The Hebrew word for "say" is "אָמַר" (amar), which is often used in the context of divine communication. It underscores the importance of the message as a direct command from God to His chosen people, the Israelites. This directive is not merely a suggestion but a covenantal instruction, emphasizing the unique relationship between God and Israel. Historically, this communication reflects the theocratic nature of Israelite society, where religious and civil laws were intertwined.

Of all the beasts of the earth
The phrase "beasts of the earth" refers to all land animals. The Hebrew word for "beasts" is "בְּהֵמָה" (behemah), which generally denotes large quadrupeds. This comprehensive term indicates the vast array of creatures created by God, highlighting His sovereignty over all creation. The inclusion of "of the earth" signifies the terrestrial domain, distinguishing these creatures from those of the sea or air. This classification is part of a broader biblical taxonomy that reflects the order and intentionality in God's creation.

these ones you may eat
This phrase introduces the concept of dietary laws, which are central to Levitical holiness codes. The Hebrew word for "eat" is "אָכַל" (akal), which is a common verb but here takes on a significant ritualistic meaning. The permission to eat certain animals is not arbitrary but is rooted in the covenantal relationship between God and Israel. These dietary laws served to set the Israelites apart from surrounding nations, reinforcing their identity as a holy people. Archaeologically, evidence of distinct dietary practices among ancient Israelites supports the historical authenticity of these laws. Scripturally, this permission is part of a larger framework of purity and holiness that is echoed throughout Leviticus, emphasizing obedience and the sanctity of life.

(2) These are the beasts which ye shall eat among all . . . --Better, These are the animals which ye may eat of all . . . . The dietary laws, which stand first in the general precepts about clean and unclean things, begin with the quadrupeds, or land animals, both domesticated and wild. This is in accordance with the Hebrew division of the animal kingdom into four principal classes :--(1) the land animals, (2) the water animals, (3) the birds of the air, and (4) the swarming animals. ? Though not specified here by name, yet the parallel regulations in Deuteronomy 14:4-5 enumerate the following ten animals :--the ox, the sheep, the goat, the hart, the roebuck, the fallow deer, the wild goat, the pygang, the wild ox, and the chamois, with their various kindred species, which are not mentioned. From the expression, "These are the animals," the opinion obtained during the second Temple that God actually caused specimens of every animal to pass before Moses and Aaron, in order to show them the veritable creatures which are clean and unclean, just as the Lord caused every species to come to Noah into the ark.

Verse 2. - These are the beasts that ye shall eat. In order that the Israelites might know how to avoid the uncleanness arising from the consumption of unclean flesh, plain rules are given them by which they may distinguish what flesh is clean and what is unclean. The first rule is that anything that dies of itself is unclean, whether it be beast, bird, or fish. The reasons of this are plain: for

(1) the flesh still retains the blood, which no Israelite might eat; and

(2) there is something loathsome in the idea of eating such flesh. Next, as to beasts, a class is marked off as edible by two plainly discernible characteristics, and instances are given to show that where there is any doubt owing to the animals possessing one of the characteristic marks only, the rule is to be construed strictly. As to fish and insects, equally plain rules, one in each case, are laid down; but as birds are not readily distinguished into large classes, the names of those that are unclean are given one by one, the remainder being all of them permissible. Thus the simple Israelite would run no risk of incurring uncleanness by inadvertently eating unclean food, whether of beast, bird, fish, or insect. The object of the regulations being to exclude all meats naturally offensive to the human taste, all carnivorous quadrupeds are shut out by the rule of chewing the cud (verse 3), with the same purpose, birds of prey and birds that eat offal are prohibited (verses 13-19), and scaleless fish on account of their repulsive appearance (verses 9-12), as well as beetles, maggots, and vermin of all sorts. In the case of beasts and fish, the rules laid down to mark off those things that are offensive, being general in their application, are such as to include in the forbidden class some few which do not appear naturally loathsome. This is owing partly to the difficulty of classification, partly to a change of feeling which experience has wrought in the sentiments of mankind with regard to such edibles as swine's flesh and shell-fish.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
“Say
דַּבְּר֛וּ (dab·bə·rū)
Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine plural
Strong's 1696: To arrange, to speak, to subdue

to
אֶל־ (’el-)
Preposition
Strong's 413: Near, with, among, to

the Israelites,
בְּנֵ֥י (bə·nê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1121: A son

‘Of all
מִכָּל־ (mik·kāl)
Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

the beasts
הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה (hab·bə·hê·māh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 929: A dumb beast, any large quadruped, animal

of
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

the earth,
הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (hā·’ā·reṣ)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 776: Earth, land

you may eat
תֹּאכְל֔וּ (tō·ḵə·lū)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural
Strong's 398: To eat


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OT Law: Leviticus 11:2 Speak to the children of Israel saying (Le Lv Lev.)
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