Jeremiah 25:24
New International Version
all the kings of Arabia and all the kings of the foreign people who live in the wilderness;

New Living Translation
I gave it to the kings of Arabia, the kings of the nomadic tribes of the desert,

English Standard Version
all the kings of Arabia and all the kings of the mixed tribes who dwell in the desert;

Berean Standard Bible
all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mixed tribes who dwell in the desert;

King James Bible
And all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mingled people that dwell in the desert,

New King James Version
all the kings of Arabia and all the kings of the mixed multitude who dwell in the desert;

New American Standard Bible
and to all the kings of Arabia and all the kings of the foreign people who live in the desert;

NASB 1995
and all the kings of Arabia and all the kings of the foreign people who dwell in the desert;

NASB 1977
and all the kings of Arabia and all the kings of the foreign people who dwell in the desert;

Legacy Standard Bible
and all the kings of Arabia and all the kings of the foreign people who dwell in the desert,

Amplified Bible
all the kings of Arabia and all the kings of the foreign population who live in the desert;

Christian Standard Bible
all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mixed peoples who have settled in the desert;

Holman Christian Standard Bible
all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mixed peoples who have settled in the desert;

American Standard Version
and all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mingled people that dwell in the wilderness;

English Revised Version
and all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mingled people that dwell in the wilderness;

GOD'S WORD® Translation
all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the foreign people living in the desert;

International Standard Version
all the kings of Arabia and all the kings of the various people who live in the desert;

Majority Standard Bible
all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mixed tribes who dwell in the desert;

NET Bible
all the kings of Arabia who live in the desert;

New Heart English Bible
and all the kings of Arabia, [and all the kings of the mixed people] who dwell in the wilderness;

Webster's Bible Translation
And all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mingled people that dwell in the desert,

World English Bible
and all the kings of Arabia, all the kings of the mixed people who dwell in the wilderness;
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And all the kings of Arabia, "" And all the kings of the mixed people, "" Who are dwelling in the wilderness,

Young's Literal Translation
And all the kings of Arabia, And all the kings of the mixed people, Who are dwelling in the wilderness,

Smith's Literal Translation
And all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the intermingled dwelling in the desert,
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the west, that dwell in the desert.

Catholic Public Domain Version
and all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the west, who live in the desert,

New American Bible
all the kings of Arabia;

New Revised Standard Version
all the kings of Arabia and all the kings of the mixed peoples that live in the desert;
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And all the kings whose boundaries are close to each other and all the kings of Arabia who dwell in the desert

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And to all Kings who border each other and to all Kings of Arabia dwelling in the desert
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
and all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mingled people that dwell in the wilderness;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
and all the mingled people lodging in the wilderness,

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Cup of God's Wrath
23Dedan, Tema, Buz, and all who cut the corners of their hair; 24 all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mixed tribes who dwell in the desert; 25all the kings of Zimri, Elam, and Media;…

Cross References
Ezekiel 30:5
Cush, Put, and Lud, and all the various peoples, as well as Libya and the men of the covenant land, will fall with Egypt by the sword.

Isaiah 21:13-17
This is the burden against Arabia: In the thickets of Arabia you must lodge, O caravans of Dedanites. / Bring water for the thirsty, O dwellers of Tema; meet the refugees with food. / For they flee from the sword—the sword that is drawn—from the bow that is bent, and from the stress of battle. ...

Jeremiah 49:28-33
Concerning Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon defeated, this is what the LORD says: “Rise up, advance against Kedar, and destroy the people of the east! / They will take their tents and flocks, their tent curtains and all their goods. They will take their camels for themselves. They will shout to them: ‘Terror is on every side!’ / Run! Escape quickly! Lie low, O residents of Hazor,” declares the LORD, “for Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has drawn up a plan against you; he has devised a strategy against you. ...

Isaiah 60:7
All the flocks of Kedar will be gathered to you; the rams of Nebaioth will serve you and go up on My altar with acceptance; I will adorn My glorious house.

Genesis 25:13-16
These are the names of the sons of Ishmael in the order of their birth: Nebaioth the firstborn of Ishmael, then Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, / Mishma, Dumah, Massa, / Hadad, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. ...

1 Chronicles 1:29-31
These are their genealogies: Nebaioth the firstborn of Ishmael, then Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, / Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema, / Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These were the sons of Ishmael.

Job 1:15
the Sabeans swooped down and took them away. They put the servants to the sword, and I alone have escaped to tell you!”

Isaiah 42:11
Let the desert and its cities raise their voices; let the villages of Kedar cry aloud. Let the people of Sela sing for joy; let them cry out from the mountaintops.

Ezekiel 27:21
Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your customers, trading in lambs, rams, and goats.

Isaiah 60:6
Caravans of camels will cover your land, young camels of Midian and Ephah, and all from Sheba will come, bearing gold and frankincense and proclaiming the praises of the LORD.

1 Kings 10:15
not including the revenue from the merchants, traders, and all the Arabian kings and governors of the land.

Psalm 72:10
May the kings of Tarshish and distant shores bring tribute; may the kings of Sheba and Seba offer gifts.

Isaiah 60:9
Surely the islands will wait for Me, with the ships of Tarshish in the lead, to bring your children from afar, with their silver and gold, to the honor of the LORD your God, the Holy One of Israel, for He has glorified you.

Acts 2:9-11
Parthians, Medes, and Elamites; residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, / Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene; visitors from Rome, / both Jews and converts to Judaism; Cretans and Arabs—we hear them declaring the wonders of God in our own tongues!”

Acts 8:27
So he started out, and on his way he met an Ethiopian eunuch, a court official in charge of the entire treasury of Candace, queen of the Ethiopians. He had gone to Jerusalem to worship,


Treasury of Scripture

And all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mingled people that dwell in the desert,

Arabia.

1 Kings 10:15
Beside that he had of the merchantmen, and of the traffick of the spice merchants, and of all the kings of Arabia, and of the governors of the country.

2 Chronicles 9:14
Beside that which chapmen and merchants brought. And all the kings of Arabia and governors of the country brought gold and silver to Solomon.

Isaiah 21:13
The burden upon Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, O ye travelling companies of Dedanim.

the mingled.

Jeremiah 25:20
And all the mingled people, and all the kings of the land of Uz, and all the kings of the land of the Philistines, and Ashkelon, and Azzah, and Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod,

Jeremiah 49:28-33
Concerning Kedar, and concerning the kingdoms of Hazor, which Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon shall smite, thus saith the LORD; Arise ye, go up to Kedar, and spoil the men of the east…

Jeremiah 50:37
A sword is upon their horses, and upon their chariots, and upon all the mingled people that are in the midst of her; and they shall become as women: a sword is upon her treasures; and they shall be robbed.

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Arabia Desert Dwell Dwelling Foreign Kings Live Mingled Mixed Tribes Waste Wilderness
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Arabia Desert Dwell Dwelling Foreign Kings Live Mingled Mixed Tribes Waste Wilderness
Jeremiah 25
1. Jeremiah, reproving the Jews' disobedience to the prophets,
8. foretells the seventy years' captivity;
12. and after that, the destruction of Babylon.
15. Under the type of a cup of wine he foreshows the destruction of all nations.
34. The howling of the shepherds.














all the kings of Arabia
The phrase "all the kings of Arabia" refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, a region known for its vast deserts and nomadic tribes. The Hebrew word for Arabia, "עֲרָב" (Arab), signifies a land of arid wilderness. Historically, Arabia was a region of trade routes and caravans, connecting the ancient world. The mention of "all the kings" underscores the comprehensive nature of God's judgment, as prophesied by Jeremiah. It reflects the reach of Babylonian power and God's sovereignty over all nations, reminding us that no kingdom is beyond His authority.

and all the kings of the mixed tribes
The "mixed tribes" likely refers to various nomadic groups that inhabited the desert regions. The Hebrew term "עֶרֶב" (ereb) can mean a mixture or mingling, indicating a diverse collection of peoples. These tribes were often seen as outsiders or foreigners, living on the fringes of established kingdoms. This phrase highlights the inclusivity of God's message through Jeremiah, emphasizing that His word and His judgments are not limited to Israel but extend to all peoples, regardless of their societal status or geographical location.

who dwell in the desert
The desert, or "מִדְבָּר" (midbar) in Hebrew, is a place of desolation and survival, often symbolizing spiritual barrenness or testing. The desert dwellers were those who lived in harsh conditions, relying on their resilience and adaptability. In biblical times, the desert was also a place of divine encounter and revelation, as seen in the experiences of Moses and Elijah. This phrase serves as a reminder of God's presence even in the most desolate places, and His ability to reach and judge all, regardless of where they reside. It calls believers to recognize God's omnipresence and His call to righteousness, no matter their circumstances.

(24) All the kings of Arabia.--The same phrase occurs in 1Kings 10:15, and is used for the nomadic tribes bordering on Palestine rather than in the wider sense of classical geographers.

Verse 24. - All the kings of Arabia. Not "Arabia" in our sense (which is never found in the Old Testament), but the desert region to the east and south-east of Palestine, occupied by nomad or "Ishmaelitish" tribes. The mingled people; rather, the intermingled people (see on ver. 20); i.e. probably in this passage populations of a different race interspersed among the Aramaic tribes to which most of the inhabitants of the desert belonged.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
all
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

the kings
מַלְכֵ֣י (mal·ḵê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 4428: A king

of Arabia,
עֲרָ֑ב (‘ă·rāḇ)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 6152: Arabia -- 'steppe-dwellers', a country East of Israel

and all
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

the kings
מַלְכֵ֣י (mal·ḵê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 4428: A king

of the mixed tribes
הָעֶ֔רֶב (hā·‘e·reḇ)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6154: Arabia -- mixture, mixed company

who dwell
הַשֹּׁכְנִ֖ים (haš·šō·ḵə·nîm)
Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 7931: To settle down, abide, dwell

in the desert;
בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ (bam·miḏ·bār)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4057: A pasture, a desert, speech


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OT Prophets: Jeremiah 25:24 And all the kings of Arabia (Jer.)
Jeremiah 25:23
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