Genesis 38:15
New International Version
When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute, for she had covered her face.

New Living Translation
Judah noticed her and thought she was a prostitute, since she had covered her face.

English Standard Version
When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute, for she had covered her face.

Berean Standard Bible
When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute because she had covered her face.

King James Bible
When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had covered her face.

New King James Version
When Judah saw her, he thought she was a harlot, because she had covered her face.

New American Standard Bible
When Judah saw her, he assumed she was a prostitute, for she had covered her face.

NASB 1995
When Judah saw her, he thought she was a harlot, for she had covered her face.

NASB 1977
When Judah saw her, he thought she was a harlot, for she had covered her face.

Legacy Standard Bible
Then Judah saw her, and he thought she was a harlot, for she had covered her face.

Amplified Bible
When Judah saw her, he thought she was a [temple] prostitute, for she had covered her face [as such women did].

Christian Standard Bible
When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute, for she had covered her face.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute, for she had covered her face.

American Standard Version
When Judah saw her, he thought her to be a harlot; for she had covered her face.

Contemporary English Version
When Judah came along, he did not recognize her because of the veil. He thought she was a prostitute

English Revised Version
When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; for she had covered her face.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute because she had covered her face.

Good News Translation
When Judah saw her, he thought that she was a prostitute, because she had her face covered.

International Standard Version
When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute, since she had concealed her face.

Majority Standard Bible
When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute because she had covered her face.

NET Bible
When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute because she had covered her face.

New Heart English Bible
When Judah saw her, he thought that she was a prostitute because she had covered her face.

Webster's Bible Translation
When Judah saw her, he thought her to be a harlot; because she had covered her face.

World English Bible
When Judah saw her, he thought that she was a prostitute, for she had covered her face.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And Judah sees her, and reckons her for a harlot, for she has covered her face,

Young's Literal Translation
And Judah seeth her, and reckoneth her for a harlot, for she hath covered her face,

Smith's Literal Translation
And Judah will see her, and will think her a harlot, because she covered her face.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
When Juda saw her, he thought she was a harlot: for she had covered her face, lest she should be known.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And when Judah saw her, he thought her to be a harlot. For she had covered her face, lest she be recognized.

New American Bible
When Judah saw her, he thought she was a harlot, since she had covered her face.

New Revised Standard Version
When Judah saw her, he thought her to be a prostitute, for she had covered her face.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
When Judah saw her, he thought her to be a harlot; because she had covered her face.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Yehuda saw and he considered her as a harlot because her face was covered.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
When Judah saw her, he thought her to be a harlot; for she had covered her face.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And when Judas saw her, he thought her to be a harlot; for she covered her face, and he knew her not.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Judah and Tamar
14she removed her widow’s garments, covered her face with a veil to disguise herself, and sat at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the way to Timnah. For she saw that although Shelah had grown up, she had not been given to him as a wife. 15When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute because she had covered her face. 16Not realizing that she was his daughter-in-law, he went over to her and said, “Come now, let me sleep with you.” “What will you give me for sleeping with you?” she inquired.…

Cross References
Proverbs 7:10
Then a woman came out to meet him, with the attire of a harlot and cunning of heart.

Deuteronomy 22:21
she shall be brought to the door of her father’s house, and there the men of her city will stone her to death. For she has committed an outrage in Israel by being promiscuous in her father’s house. So you must purge the evil from among you.

Hosea 4:14
I will not punish your daughters when they prostitute themselves, nor your daughters-in-law when they commit adultery. For the men themselves go off with prostitutes and offer sacrifices with shrine prostitutes. So a people without understanding will come to ruin.

Leviticus 19:29
You must not defile your daughter by making her a prostitute, or the land will be prostituted and filled with depravity.

Judges 16:1
One day Samson went to Gaza, where he saw a prostitute and went in to spend the night with her.

Ezekiel 16:15
But because of your fame, you trusted in your beauty and played the harlot. You lavished your favors on everyone who passed by, and your beauty was theirs for the asking.

Proverbs 9:13-18
The woman named Folly is loud; she is naive and knows nothing. / She sits at the door of her house, on a seat in the heights of the city, / calling out to those who pass by, who make their paths straight. ...

1 Kings 3:16
At that time two prostitutes came to the king and stood before him.

Jeremiah 3:3
Therefore the showers have been withheld, and no spring rains have fallen. Yet you have the brazen look of a prostitute; you refuse to be ashamed.

Isaiah 57:3
“But come here, you sons of a sorceress, you offspring of adulterers and prostitutes!

Matthew 21:31-32
Which of the two did the will of his father?” “The first,” they answered. Jesus said to them, “Truly I tell you, the tax collectors and prostitutes are entering the kingdom of God before you. / For John came to you in the way of righteousness, and you did not believe him, but the tax collectors and prostitutes did. And even after you saw this, you did not repent and believe him.

Luke 15:30
But when this son of yours returns from squandering your wealth with prostitutes, you kill the fattened calf for him!’

1 Corinthians 6:15-16
Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ? Shall I then take the members of Christ and unite them with a prostitute? Never! / Or don’t you know that he who unites himself with a prostitute is one with her in body? For it is said, “The two will become one flesh.”

Revelation 17:1-5
Then one of the seven angels with the seven bowls came and said to me, “Come, I will show you the punishment of the great prostitute, who sits on many waters. / The kings of the earth were immoral with her, and those who dwell on the earth were intoxicated with the wine of her immorality.” / And the angel carried me away in the Spirit into a wilderness, where I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast that was covered with blasphemous names and had seven heads and ten horns. ...

1 Thessalonians 4:3-5
For it is God’s will that you should be holy: You must abstain from sexual immorality; / each of you must know how to control his own body in holiness and honor, / not in lustful passion like the Gentiles who do not know God;


Treasury of Scripture

When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had covered her face.

harlot.

Genesis 34:31
And they said, Should he deal with our sister as with an harlot?

Leviticus 19:29
Do not prostitute thy daughter, to cause her to be a whore; lest the land fall to whoredom, and the land become full of wickedness.

Leviticus 21:14
A widow, or a divorced woman, or profane, or an harlot, these shall he not take: but he shall take a virgin of his own people to wife.

because.

1 Thessalonians 5:22
Abstain from all appearance of evil.

1 Peter 3:3-6
Whose adorning let it not be that outward adorning of plaiting the hair, and of wearing of gold, or of putting on of apparel; …

covered.

Genesis 38:14
And she put her widow's garments off from her, and covered her with a vail, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given unto him to wife.

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Genesis 38
1. Judah begets Er, Onan, and Shelah.
6. Er's marriage with Tamar, and death.
8. The trespass of Onan.
11. Tamar is reserved for Shelah.
12. Judah's wife dies.
13. Tamar deceives Judah.
27. She bears twins, Pharez and Zarah.














When Judah saw her
The phrase begins with Judah, one of the twelve sons of Jacob, who is a central figure in this narrative. The Hebrew root for "saw" is רָאָה (ra'ah), which means to see, perceive, or understand. This moment of seeing is pivotal, as it sets the stage for the unfolding events. Judah's perception is clouded by his own desires and assumptions, highlighting the human tendency to judge based on appearances rather than truth. This serves as a reminder of the importance of discernment and the dangers of superficial judgments.

he thought she was a prostitute
The Hebrew word for "thought" is חָשַׁב (chashav), which implies a process of mental calculation or assumption. Judah's assumption that Tamar is a prostitute reveals the cultural and societal norms of the time, where women covering their faces could be associated with such a profession. This reflects the patriarchal context of ancient Near Eastern societies, where women's roles and identities were often misunderstood or misrepresented. The narrative challenges readers to consider the consequences of assumptions and the need for deeper understanding and compassion.

because she had covered her face
The act of covering the face is significant in this context. In ancient times, veiling could signify modesty, mourning, or, as Judah assumed, prostitution. The Hebrew word for "covered" is כָּסָה (kasah), meaning to conceal or hide. Tamar's decision to cover her face was strategic, aiming to disguise her identity to fulfill her plan. This action underscores themes of identity, deception, and the lengths to which individuals might go to achieve justice or fulfill personal goals. It invites reflection on the masks people wear and the true intentions behind their actions.

(15) Because she had covered her face.--The Jewish commentators all agree that this was not the custom of harlots; and as Judah, in Genesis 38:21, calls her kedeshah, one consecrated, he probably thought that she was a woman performing the vow required of every female votary of the Ph?nician Venus (Astarte), once in her lifetime (Herod. i. 199). Hence the hire was a kid to be sacrificed to the goddess. As for Tamar her object was to assert her claim to the inheritance of 'Er. Lange considers that the wickedness of 'Er had caused him, equally with Onan, to neglect her, and that consequently there was no real incest. This is made probable by her immediate conception.

Verse 15. - When (literally, and) Judah saw her, he (literally, and he) thought her to be an harlot; - literally, thought her (i.e. took her for) an harlot, like λογίζεσθαι τινα de r& (cf. 1 Samuel 1:13; Job 13:24), or to זונָה (fem. part. of זָנַה, commit fornication); vide Genesis 34:31 - because she had covered her face - more meretricis.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
When Judah
יְהוּדָ֔ה (yə·hū·ḏāh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3063: Judah -- 'praised', a son of Jacob, also the southern kingdom, also four Israelites

saw her,
וַיִּרְאֶ֣הָ (way·yir·’e·hā)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person feminine singular
Strong's 7200: To see

he thought
וַֽיַּחְשְׁבֶ֖הָ (way·yaḥ·šə·ḇe·hā)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person feminine singular
Strong's 2803: To think, account

she was a prostitute
לְזוֹנָ֑ה (lə·zō·w·nāh)
Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 2181: To commit adultery, to commit idolatry

because
כִּ֥י (kî)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

she had covered
כִסְּתָ֖ה (ḵis·sə·ṯāh)
Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 3680: To plump, fill up hollows, to cover

her face.
פָּנֶֽיהָ׃ (pā·ne·hā)
Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singular
Strong's 6440: The face


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OT Law: Genesis 38:15 When Judah saw her he thought that (Gen. Ge Gn)
Genesis 38:14
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