Clean and Unclean Animals
(Deuteronomy 14:1–21; Acts 10:9–16)

1  וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר (And spoke) יְהוָ֛ה (YHWH) אֶל־ (to) מֹשֶׁ֥ה (Moses) וְאֶֽל־ (and to) אַהֲרֹ֖ן (Aaron), לֵאמֹ֥ר (saying) אֲלֵהֶֽם׃ (to them). 2  דַּבְּר֛וּ (Speak) אֶל־ (to) בְּנֵ֥י (the sons) יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (of Israel), לֵאמֹ֑ר (saying), זֹ֤את (This is) הַֽחַיָּה֙ (the living thing) אֲשֶׁ֣ר (that) תֹּאכְל֔וּ (you⁺ may eat) מִכָּל־ (from among all) הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה (the beasts) אֲשֶׁ֥ר (that are) עַל־ (on) הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (the earth). 3  כֹּ֣ל׀ (Every) מַפְרֶ֣סֶת (one dividing) פַּרְסָ֗ה (the hoof), וְשֹׁסַ֤עַת (and cleaving) שֶׁ֙סַע֙ (the cleft) פְּרָסֹ֔ת (of the hooves), מַעֲלַ֥ת (and bringing up) גֵּרָ֖ה (the cud) בַּבְּהֵמָ֑ה (among the livestock), אֹתָ֖הּ (it) תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ (you⁺ may eat).

4  אַ֤ךְ (Nevertheless) אֶת־ (-) זֶה֙ (this) לֹ֣א (not) תֹֽאכְל֔וּ (you⁺ shall eat) מִֽמַּעֲלֵי֙ (from among the ones bringing up) הַגֵּרָ֔ה (the cud), וּמִמַּפְרִיסֵ֖י (and from among the ones dividing) הַפַּרְסָ֑ה (the hoof) אֶֽת־ (-):

הַ֠גָּמָל (The camel) כִּֽי־ (though) מַעֲלֵ֨ה (bringing up) גֵרָ֜ה (the cud), ה֗וּא (it is) וּפַרְסָה֙ (but the hoof) אֵינֶ֣נּוּ (it is not) מַפְרִ֔יס (dividing), טָמֵ֥א (unclean) ה֖וּא (it is) לָכֶֽם׃ (to you⁺).

5  וְאֶת־ (And) הַשָּׁפָ֗ן (the rock badger), כִּֽי־ (though) מַעֲלֵ֤ה (bringing up) גֵרָה֙ (the cud) ה֔וּא (it is), וּפַרְסָ֖ה (but the hoof) לֹ֣א (is not) יַפְרִ֑יס (it dividing), טָמֵ֥א (unclean) ה֖וּא (it is) לָכֶֽם׃ (to you⁺).

6  וְאֶת־ (And) הָאַרְנֶ֗בֶת (the hare), כִּֽי־ (though) מַעֲלַ֤ת (bringing up) גֵּרָה֙ (the cud) הִ֔וא (it is), וּפַרְסָ֖ה (but the hoof) לֹ֣א (has not) הִפְרִ֑יסָה (it divided), טְמֵאָ֥ה (unclean) הִ֖וא (it is) לָכֶֽם׃ (to you⁺).

7  וְאֶת־ (And) הַ֠חֲזִיר (the swine), כִּֽי־ (though) מַפְרִ֨יס (dividing) פַּרְסָ֜ה (the hoof) ה֗וּא (it is), וְשֹׁסַ֥ע (and cleaving) שֶׁ֙סַע֙ (the cleft) פַּרְסָ֔ה (of the hoof), וְה֖וּא (but it) גֵּרָ֣ה (the cud) לֹֽא־ (not) יִגָּ֑ר (does chew), טָמֵ֥א (unclean) ה֖וּא (it is) לָכֶֽם׃ (to you⁺).

8  מִבְּשָׂרָם֙ (From their flesh) לֹ֣א (not) תֹאכֵ֔לוּ (shall you⁺ eat), וּבְנִבְלָתָ֖ם (and their carcass) לֹ֣א (not) תִגָּ֑עוּ (you⁺ shall touch); טְמֵאִ֥ים (unclean) הֵ֖ם (they are) לָכֶֽם׃ (to you⁺).

9  אֶת־ (-) זֶה֙ (this) תֹּֽאכְל֔וּ (you⁺ shall eat) מִכֹּ֖ל (from all) אֲשֶׁ֣ר (that are) בַּמָּ֑יִם (in the waters), כֹּ֣ל (everything) אֲשֶׁר־ (that) לוֹ֩ (to it) סְנַפִּ֨יר (fin) וְקַשְׂקֶ֜שֶׂת (and scale) בַּמַּ֗יִם (in the waters), בַּיַּמִּ֛ים (in the seas) וּבַנְּחָלִ֖ים (and in the rivers), אֹתָ֥ם (them) תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ (you⁺ shall eat).

10  וְכֹל֩ (And everything) אֲשֶׁ֨ר (that) אֵֽין־ (not) ל֜וֹ (to it) סְנַפִּ֣יר (do have fins) וְקַשְׂקֶ֗שֶׂת (and scales) בַּיַּמִּים֙ (in the seas), וּבַנְּחָלִ֔ים (and in the rivers), מִכֹּל֙ (from every) שֶׁ֣רֶץ (swarming thing) הַמַּ֔יִם (of the waters), וּמִכֹּ֛ל (and from every) נֶ֥פֶשׁ (creature) הַחַיָּ֖ה (living) אֲשֶׁ֣ר (that is) בַּמָּ֑יִם (in the waters), שֶׁ֥קֶץ (are an abomination) הֵ֖ם (they) לָכֶֽם׃ (to you⁺). 11  וְשֶׁ֖קֶץ (And an abomination) יִהְי֣וּ (they shall be) לָכֶ֑ם (to you⁺); מִבְּשָׂרָם֙ (from their flesh) לֹ֣א (not) תֹאכֵ֔לוּ (you⁺ shall eat), וְאֶת־ (and) נִבְלָתָ֖ם (their carcasses) תְּשַׁקֵּֽצוּ׃ (you⁺ shall detest). 12  כֹּ֣ל (All) אֲשֶׁ֥ר (that) אֵֽין־ (not) ל֛וֹ (-) סְנַפִּ֥יר (does have fins) וְקַשְׂקֶ֖שֶׂת (and scale) בַּמָּ֑יִם (in the waters), שֶׁ֥קֶץ (an abomination) ה֖וּא (it is) לָכֶֽם׃ (to you⁺).

13  וְאֶת־ (And) אֵ֙לֶּה֙ (these) תְּשַׁקְּצ֣וּ (you⁺ shall detest) מִן־ (from) הָע֔וֹף (the birds); לֹ֥א (not) יֵאָכְל֖וּ (they shall be eaten); שֶׁ֣קֶץ (an abomination) הֵ֑ם (they are) אֶת־ (-):

הַנֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ (The eagle), וְאֶת־ (and) הַפֶּ֔רֶס (the bearded vulture), וְאֵ֖ת (and) הָעָזְנִיָּֽה׃ (the black vulture),

14  וְאֶת־ (and) הַ֨דָּאָ֔ה (the kite), וְאֶת־ (and) הָאַיָּ֖ה (the falcon) לְמִינָֽהּ׃ (according to its kind),

15  אֵ֥ת (-) כָּל־ (every) עֹרֵ֖ב (raven) לְמִינֽוֹ׃ (according to its kind),

16  וְאֵת֙ (and) בַּ֣ת (the daughter) הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔ה (of the ostrich), וְאֶת־ (and) הַתַּחְמָ֖ס (the screech owl), וְאֶת־ (and) הַשָּׁ֑חַף (the gull), וְאֶת־ (and) הַנֵּ֖ץ (the hawk) לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃ (according to its kind),

17  וְאֶת־ (and) הַכּ֥וֹס (the little owl), וְאֶת־ (and) הַשָּׁלָ֖ךְ (the cormorant), וְאֶת־ (and) הַיַּנְשֽׁוּף׃ (the great owl),

18  וְאֶת־ (and) הַתִּנְשֶׁ֥מֶת (the white owl), וְאֶת־ (and) הַקָּאָ֖ת (the desert owl), וְאֶת־ (and) הָרָחָֽם׃ (the osprey),

19  וְאֵת֙ (and) הַחֲסִידָ֔ה (the stork), הָאֲנָפָ֖ה (the heron) לְמִינָ֑הּ (according to its kind), וְאֶת־ (and)

הַדּוּכִיפַ֖ת (the hoopoe), וְאֶת־ (and) הָעֲטַלֵּֽף׃ (the bat).

20  כֹּ֚ל (Every) שֶׁ֣רֶץ (swarming thing) הָע֔וֹף (that flies) הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ (the one walking) עַל־ (on) אַרְבַּ֑ע (four legs), שֶׁ֥קֶץ (an abomination) ה֖וּא (it is) לָכֶֽם׃ס (to you⁺). 21  אַ֤ךְ (Only) אֶת־ (-) זֶה֙ (this) תֹּֽאכְל֔וּ (you⁺ may eat) מִכֹּל֙ (from every) שֶׁ֣רֶץ (swarming thing) הָע֔וֹף (that flies) הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ (the one walking) עַל־ (on) אַרְבַּ֑ע (four legs): אֲשֶׁר־ (That which) לֹא (to it) כְרָעַ֙יִם֙ (jointed legs) מִמַּ֣עַל (above) לְרַגְלָ֔יו (its feet), לְנַתֵּ֥ר (to leap) בָּהֵ֖ן (with them) עַל־ (on) הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (the earth). 22  אֶת־ (-) אֵ֤לֶּה (these) מֵהֶם֙ (from them) תֹּאכֵ֔לוּ (you⁺ may eat): אֶת־ (-) הָֽאַרְבֶּ֣ה (the locust) לְמִינ֔וֹ (according to its kind), וְאֶת־ (and) הַסָּלְעָ֖ם (the katydid) לְמִינֵ֑הוּ (according to its kind), וְאֶת־ (and) הַחַרְגֹּ֣ל (the cricket) לְמִינֵ֔הוּ (according to its kind), וְאֶת־ (and) הֶחָגָ֖ב (the grasshopper) לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃ (according to its kind). 23  וְכֹל֙ (And every) שֶׁ֣רֶץ (swarming thing) הָע֔וֹף (that flies), אֲשֶׁר־ (that) ל֖וֹ (to it is) אַרְבַּ֣ע (four) רַגְלָ֑יִם (feet), שֶׁ֥קֶץ (an abomination) ה֖וּא (it is) לָכֶֽם׃ (to you⁺).

24  וּלְאֵ֖לֶּה (And by these) תִּטַּמָּ֑אוּ (you⁺ shall become unclean). כָּל־ (Anyone) הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ (who touches) בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם (their carcass) יִטְמָ֥א (shall be unclean) עַד־ (until) הָעָֽרֶב׃ (the evening). 25  וְכָל־ (And everyone) הַנֹּשֵׂ֖א (who lifts) מִנִּבְלָתָ֑ם (from their carcass) יְכַבֵּ֥ס (shall wash) בְּגָדָ֖יו (his clothes), וְטָמֵ֥א (and be unclean) עַד־ (until) הָעָֽרֶב׃ (the evening).

26  לְֽכָל־ (To every) הַבְּהֵמָ֡ה (beast) אֲשֶׁ֣ר (that) הִוא֩ (it is) מַפְרֶ֨סֶת (divides) פַּרְסָ֜ה (the hoof), וְשֶׁ֣סַע׀ (and a cleft) אֵינֶ֣נָּה (is not) שֹׁסַ֗עַת (cleaving) וְגֵרָה֙ (and the cud) אֵינֶ֣נָּה (is not) מַעֲלָ֔ה (bringing up), טְמֵאִ֥ים (unclean) הֵ֖ם (it is) לָכֶ֑ם (to you⁺). כָּל־ (Anyone) הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ (who touches) בָּהֶ֖ם (them) יִטְמָֽא׃ (shall be unclean).

27  וְכֹ֣ל׀ (And everything) הוֹלֵ֣ךְ (walking) עַל־ (on) כַּפָּ֗יו (its palms), בְּכָל־ (among all) הַֽחַיָּה֙ (the living) הַהֹלֶ֣כֶת (that go) עַל־ (on) אַרְבַּ֔ע (four legs), טְמֵאִ֥ים (unclean) הֵ֖ם (they are) לָכֶ֑ם (to you⁺). כָּל־ (Everyone) הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ (who touches) בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם (their carcass) יִטְמָ֥א (shall be unclean) עַד־ (until) הָעָֽרֶב׃ (the evening). 28  וְהַנֹּשֵׂא֙ (And the one lifting) אֶת־ (-) נִבְלָתָ֔ם (their carcass) יְכַבֵּ֥ס (shall wash) בְּגָדָ֖יו (his clothes) וְטָמֵ֣א (and be unclean) עַד־ (until) הָעָ֑רֶב (the evening); טְמֵאִ֥ים (unclean) הֵ֖מָּה (they are) לָכֶֽם׃ס (to you⁺).

29  וְזֶ֤ה (And this) לָכֶם֙ (to you⁺) הַטָּמֵ֔א (is unclean) בַּשֶּׁ֖רֶץ (among the swarming things) הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ (that swarm) עַל־ (upon) הָאָ֑רֶץ (the earth): הַחֹ֥לֶד (The mole), וְהָעַכְבָּ֖ר (and the mouse), וְהַצָּ֥ב (and the large lizard) לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃ (according to its kind), 30  וְהָאֲנָקָ֥ה (and the gecko), וְהַכֹּ֖חַ (and the monitor lizard), וְהַלְּטָאָ֑ה (and the lizard), וְהַחֹ֖מֶט (and the skink), וְהַתִּנְשָֽׁמֶת׃ (and the chameleon).

31  אֵ֛לֶּה (These) הַטְּמֵאִ֥ים (are unclean) לָכֶ֖ם (to you⁺) בְּכָל־ (among every) הַשָּׁ֑רֶץ (swarming thing); כָּל־ (anyone) הַנֹּגֵ֧עַ (who touches) בָּהֶ֛ם (them) בְּמֹתָ֖ם (in their death) יִטְמָ֥א (shall be unclean) עַד־ (until) הָעָֽרֶב׃ (the evening). 32  וְכֹ֣ל (And all) אֲשֶׁר־ (that) יִפֹּל־ (it falls) עָלָיו֩ (on it) מֵהֶ֨ם׀ (from them) בְּמֹתָ֜ם (in their death) יִטְמָ֗א (shall be unclean); מִכָּל־ (From every) כְּלִי־ (vessel) עֵץ֙ (of wood), א֣וֹ (or) בֶ֤גֶד (garment), אוֹ־ (or) עוֹר֙ (skin), א֣וֹ (or) שָׂ֔ק (sackcloth). כָּל־ (Every) כְּלִ֕י (vessel) אֲשֶׁר־ (which) יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה (is done) מְלָאכָ֖ה (work), בָּהֶ֑ם (in it) בַּמַּ֧יִם (in the water) יוּבָ֛א (it must be put), וְטָמֵ֥א (and it shall be unclean) עַד־ (until) הָעֶ֖רֶב (the evening); וְטָהֵֽר׃ (and it shall be clean). 33  וְכָל־ (And every) כְּלִי־ (vessel) חֶ֔רֶשׂ (earthen), אֲשֶׁר־ (that) יִפֹּ֥ל (falls) מֵהֶ֖ם (from them) אֶל־ (into) תּוֹכ֑וֹ (its midst), כֹּ֣ל (all) אֲשֶׁ֧ר (that is) בְּתוֹכ֛וֹ (in its midst) יִטְמָ֖א (shall be unclean); וְאֹת֥וֹ (and it) תִשְׁבֹּֽרוּ׃ (you⁺ shall break). 34  מִכָּל־ (From all) הָאֹ֜כֶל (the food) אֲשֶׁ֣ר (that) יֵאָכֵ֗ל (may be eaten), אֲשֶׁ֨ר (which) יָב֥וֹא (comes) עָלָ֛יו (on) מַ֖יִם (water), יִטְמָ֑א (it shall be unclean); וְכָל־ (and all) מַשְׁקֶה֙ (drink) אֲשֶׁ֣ר (that) יִשָּׁתֶ֔ה (may be drunk) בְּכָל־ (from such) כְּלִ֖י (a vessel) יִטְמָֽא׃ (shall be unclean).

35  וְ֠כֹל (And everything) אֲשֶׁר־ (that) יִפֹּ֨ל (falls) מִנִּבְלָתָ֥ם׀ (their carcass) עָלָיו֮ (on it), יִטְמָא֒ (it shall be unclean); תַּנּ֧וּר (an oven), וְכִירַ֛יִם (or a hearth), יֻתָּ֖ץ (it shall be broken down); טְמֵאִ֣ים (are unclean) הֵ֑ם (they), וּטְמֵאִ֖ים (and unclean) יִהְי֥וּ (they shall be) לָכֶֽם׃ (to you⁺). 36  אַ֣ךְ (Only) מַעְיָ֥ן (a spring) וּב֛וֹר (and a cistern), מִקְוֵה־ (a collection) מַ֖יִם (of water), יִהְיֶ֣ה (shall be) טָה֑וֹר (clean), וְנֹגֵ֥עַ (and the one touching) בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם (their carcass) יִטְמָֽא׃ (shall be unclean). 37  וְכִ֤י (And if) יִפֹּל֙ (falls) מִנִּבְלָתָ֔ם (their carcass) עַל־ (on) כָּל־ (any) זֶ֥רַע (seed) זֵר֖וּעַ (planting) אֲשֶׁ֣ר (that) יִזָּרֵ֑עַ (is to be sown), טָה֖וֹר (clean) הֽוּא׃ (it is). 38  וְכִ֤י (And if) יֻתַּן־ (is put) מַ֙יִם֙ (water) עַל־ (on) זֶ֔רַע (the seed), וְנָפַ֥ל (and if falls) מִנִּבְלָתָ֖ם (and their carcass) עָלָ֑יו (on it), טָמֵ֥א (unclean) ה֖וּא (it is) לָכֶֽם׃ס (to you⁺).

39  וְכִ֤י (And if) יָמוּת֙ (dies) מִן־ (from) הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה (the beast), אֲשֶׁר־ (that) הִ֥יא (it is) לָכֶ֖ם (for you⁺) לְאָכְלָ֑ה (for food), הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ (the one touching) בְּנִבְלָתָ֖הּ (its carcass) יִטְמָ֥א (shall be unclean) עַד־ (until) הָעָֽרֶב׃ (the evening). 40  וְהָֽאֹכֵל֙ (And the one eating) מִנִּבְלָתָ֔הּ (from its carcass) יְכַבֵּ֥ס (shall wash) בְּגָדָ֖יו (his clothes), וְטָמֵ֣א (and be unclean) עַד־ (until) הָעָ֑רֶב (the evening); וְהַנֹּשֵׂא֙ (and the one lifting) אֶת־ (-) נִבְלָתָ֔הּ (its carcass) יְכַבֵּ֥ס (shall wash) בְּגָדָ֖יו (his clothes), וְטָמֵ֥א (and be unclean) עַד־ (until) הָעָֽרֶב׃ (the evening).

41  וְכָל־ (And every) הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ (swarming thing) הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ (that swarms) עַל־ (upon) הָאָ֑רֶץ (the earth) שֶׁ֥קֶץ (an abomination); ה֖וּא (it is) לֹ֥א (not) יֵאָכֵֽל׃ (shall it be eaten). 42  כֹּל֩ (Everything) הוֹלֵ֨ךְ (crawling) עַל־ (on) גָּח֜וֹן (its belly), וְכֹ֣ל׀ (and everything) הוֹלֵ֣ךְ (walking) עַל־ (on) אַרְבַּ֗ע (four legs), עַ֚ד (as far as) כָּל־ (everything) מַרְבֵּ֣ה (multiplying) רַגְלַ֔יִם (feet) לְכָל־ (among all) הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ (the swarming things) הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ (that swarm) עַל־ (upon) הָאָ֑רֶץ (the earth), לֹ֥א (not) תֹאכְל֖וּם (you⁺ shall eat them); כִּי־ (for) שֶׁ֥קֶץ (an abomination) הֵֽם׃ (they are).

43  אַל־ (Not) תְּשַׁקְּצוּ֙ (you⁺ shall make detestable) אֶת־ (-) נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם (your⁺ souls) בְּכָל־ (with any) הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ (swarming thing) הַשֹּׁרֵ֑ץ (that swarms), וְלֹ֤א (and not) תִֽטַּמְּאוּ֙ (shall you⁺ make yourselves unclean) בָּהֶ֔ם (with them) וְנִטְמֵתֶ֖ם (and you⁺ shall not become unclean) בָּֽם׃ (by them). 44  כִּ֣י (For) אֲנִ֣י (I) יְהוָה֮ (am YHWH) אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֒ (your⁺ God). וְהִתְקַדִּשְׁתֶּם֙ (And you⁺ shall sanctify yourselves); וִהְיִיתֶ֣ם (and you⁺ shall be) קְדֹשִׁ֔ים (holy), כִּ֥י (for) קָד֖וֹשׁ (holy) אָ֑נִי (I am). וְלֹ֤א (And not) תְטַמְּאוּ֙ (shall you⁺ make unclean) אֶת־ (-) נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם (your souls) בְּכָל־ (with any) הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ (swarming thing) הָרֹמֵ֥שׂ (that crawls) עַל־ (upon) הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (the earth). 45  כִּ֣י׀ (For) אֲנִ֣י (I) יְהוָ֗ה (am YHWH) הַֽמַּעֲלֶ֤ה (the One bringing up) אֶתְכֶם֙ (you⁺) מֵאֶ֣רֶץ (from the land) מִצְרַ֔יִם (of Egypt), לִהְיֹ֥ת (to be) לָכֶ֖ם (your⁺) לֵאלֹהִ֑ים (God); וִהְיִיתֶ֣ם (and you⁺ shall be) קְדֹשִׁ֔ים (holy), כִּ֥י (for) קָד֖וֹשׁ (holy) אָֽנִי׃ (I am).

46  זֹ֣את (This) תּוֹרַ֤ת (is the law) הַבְּהֵמָה֙ (of the beast), וְהָע֔וֹף (and the bird), וְכֹל֙ (and every) נֶ֣פֶשׁ (creature) הַֽחַיָּ֔ה (living) הָרֹמֶ֖שֶׂת (that moves) בַּמָּ֑יִם (in the waters), וּלְכָל־ (and of every) נֶ֖פֶשׁ (creature) הַשֹּׁרֶ֥צֶת (that swarms) עַל־ (upon) הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (the earth), 47  לְהַבְדִּ֕יל (to distinguish) בֵּ֥ין (between) הַטָּמֵ֖א (the unclean) וּבֵ֣ין (and between) הַטָּהֹ֑ר (the clean), וּבֵ֤ין (and between) הַֽחַיָּה֙ (the living thing) הַֽנֶּאֱכֶ֔לֶת (that may be eaten) וּבֵין֙ (and between) הַֽחַיָּ֔ה (the living thing) אֲשֶׁ֖ר (that) לֹ֥א (not) תֵאָכֵֽל׃פ (may be eaten).