The physical removal of part of the human body, either in response to severe illness or as a form of punishment.

Ezekiel 30:21

Medical surgery

Deuteronomy 25:12

Punitive surgery

Judges 1:6-7
1 Samuel 17:51; 31:9
2 Samuel 4:7,12
2 Kings 25:7

Ritual or cultural surgery

2 Kings 20:18

Castration

Esther 2:3

The primary meaning of "eunuch" in the OT is "court officer" and need not always imply castration; similarly with the NT counterpart:

Isaiah 56:3
Matthew 19:12
Acts 8:27
Genesis 17:10-14
Exodus 4:25

Circumcision

Leviticus 12:3
Joshua 5:8
Luke 2:21
Judges 19:29

Dismemberment

1 Samuel 11:7

A solemn call to the nation to act:

Exodus 21:5-6

Ear piercing

Leviticus 19:28

There may be a reference to this in Ps 40:6.

Deuteronomy 14:1

Pagan mutilation

1 Kings 18:28
Genesis 15:10
Exodus 29:17

Animal sacrifices

Leviticus 1:6,12; 3:9
Genesis 2:21-22

Miraculous surgery

Luke 22:50-51
Ezekiel 36:26

Spiritual surgery

Heart transplant

Matthew 5:29-30

Amputation

See also

Matthew 18:8-9

Jesus Christ is using hyperbole (deliberate exaggeration) to stress the need at times for radical action.

Mark 9:43-47
Romans 11:17-24

Grafting

Isaiah 18:5
John 15:1-2

Pruning

Isaiah 10:33-34
Luke 3:9

Felling

See also

5012 heart
5286 custom
5310 exploitation
5373 lamp & lampstand
5406 mercenaries
5482 punishment
6728 regeneration
7334 circumcision
7334 circumcision
7346 death penalty
7422 ritual
7435 sacrifice, in OT