In those days
This phrase situates the narrative within a specific historical context, indicating a transition from the previous events described in Matthew 2. It suggests a period of divine activity and fulfillment of prophecy. The phrase "in those days" often marks significant moments in biblical history, drawing attention to God's unfolding plan. Historically, this was a time of great expectation among the Jewish people for the coming of the Messiah, as they were under Roman occupation and longing for deliverance.

John the Baptist
John is a pivotal figure in the New Testament, serving as the forerunner to Jesus Christ. His title, "the Baptist," highlights his central role in administering the baptism of repentance. The name "John" (Greek: Ἰωάννης, Ioannes) is derived from the Hebrew name Yochanan, meaning "Yahweh is gracious." John's life and ministry were a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, such as those found in Isaiah 40:3 and Malachi 3:1, which speak of a messenger preparing the way for the Lord. His unique lifestyle and message set him apart as a prophet in the tradition of Elijah, calling people to repentance and readiness for the coming Kingdom of God.

came
The verb "came" (Greek: παραγίνεται, paraginomai) implies a sudden or significant arrival. John's emergence in the narrative is not just a physical arrival but a divinely appointed mission. His coming marks the beginning of a new era in God's redemptive history, as he prepares the way for Jesus. This word underscores the divine timing and purpose behind John's ministry, as he steps onto the stage of history to fulfill his prophetic role.

preaching
The act of preaching (Greek: κηρύσσων, kērussōn) is central to John's ministry. This term conveys the idea of proclaiming or heralding a message with authority. John's preaching was not merely informative but transformative, calling people to repentance and a new way of life. His message was urgent and authoritative, echoing the prophetic tradition of calling God's people back to faithfulness. Preaching in this context is a divine mandate, as John serves as God's mouthpiece to prepare the hearts of the people for the coming Messiah.

in the wilderness of Judea
The wilderness (Greek: ἐρήμῳ, erēmō) is a significant location in biblical history, often associated with testing, preparation, and divine encounters. It is in the wilderness that God met with His people, such as during the Exodus, and where prophets like Elijah experienced God's presence. The wilderness of Judea, a rugged and desolate region, symbolizes a place of spiritual renewal and repentance. John's choice of this location for his ministry is intentional, drawing people away from the distractions of daily life to a place where they can encounter God. The wilderness setting also fulfills the prophecy of Isaiah 40:3, emphasizing the need for spiritual preparation and purification in anticipation of the Lord's coming.

Repent
The Greek word used here is "metanoeite," which means to change one's mind or purpose. In the context of Matthew 3:2, it signifies a profound transformation of heart and mind, turning away from sin and towards God. This call to repentance is central to John the Baptist's message and is foundational in Christian teaching. It is not merely an emotional response but a decisive, conscious turning from sin and a commitment to a new way of life. Historically, repentance was a common theme in the prophetic tradition of Israel, where prophets called the people back to faithfulness to God.

for
This conjunction connects the call to repentance with the reason for it. It serves as a bridge, indicating that the action of repentance is necessary because of the impending reality that follows. In the biblical narrative, it often introduces a cause or reason, emphasizing the urgency and importance of the message.

the kingdom of heaven
This phrase is unique to the Gospel of Matthew and is synonymous with the "kingdom of God" found in other Gospels. The term "kingdom" (Greek: "basileia") refers to the reign or rule of God. "Heaven" is used as a reverent circumlocution for God, reflecting Jewish sensibilities of the time. Theologically, the kingdom of heaven represents God's sovereign rule breaking into human history through the person and work of Jesus Christ. It is both a present reality and a future hope, where God's will is perfectly done.

is near
The Greek word "engiken" suggests something that is imminent or at hand. This phrase indicates the urgency of the message; the kingdom is not a distant future event but is breaking into the present. Historically, this proclamation would have resonated with first-century Jews who were anticipating the coming of the Messiah and the restoration of Israel. In a broader theological sense, it underscores the immediacy of God's action in the world and the necessity for a response from humanity. The nearness of the kingdom calls for immediate repentance and readiness to receive God's rule.

This is he who was spoken of
This phrase identifies John the Baptist as the fulfillment of prophecy. The Greek word for "spoken" is "rētheis," which implies a divine utterance or proclamation. This highlights the continuity of God's plan, as foretold by the prophets, and emphasizes the reliability of Scripture. It reassures believers that God's promises are trustworthy and that He is sovereign over history.

through the prophet Isaiah
Isaiah, one of the major prophets, is often quoted in the New Testament. The reference to Isaiah underscores the unity of the Old and New Testaments. Isaiah's prophecies, written centuries before Christ, are seen as divinely inspired and authoritative. This connection between John the Baptist and Isaiah's prophecy affirms the messianic expectations and the unfolding of God's redemptive plan.

A voice of one calling
The "voice" signifies a herald or messenger, which in this context is John the Baptist. The Greek word "phōnē" can mean sound or proclamation, emphasizing the urgency and importance of the message. John’s role as a forerunner to Christ is to prepare the people for the coming of the Messiah, calling them to repentance and readiness.

in the wilderness
The "wilderness" is both a literal and symbolic location. Historically, the wilderness was where John preached, but it also represents a place of spiritual barrenness and need for renewal. Biblically, the wilderness is often a place of testing and preparation, as seen in the Israelites' journey and Jesus' temptation. It signifies a call to leave behind the distractions of the world and seek God earnestly.

Prepare the way for the Lord
This phrase is a call to readiness and action. The Greek word "hetoimasate" means to make ready or prepare. It is a call to spiritual preparation, urging people to repent and align their lives with God's will. The "way" refers to the path of righteousness and obedience, preparing hearts to receive Christ.

make straight paths for Him
The imagery of "straight paths" suggests removing obstacles and making a direct route. The Greek word "eutheias" implies uprightness and integrity. Spiritually, it calls for repentance and moral rectitude, clearing away sin and distractions that hinder one's relationship with God. It is an invitation to live a life that reflects God's holiness and prepares for His presence.

John wore a garment of camel’s hair
The phrase "John wore a garment of camel’s hair" evokes the image of a prophet living in simplicity and austerity. The Greek word for "garment" (ἔνδυμα) suggests a covering or clothing, indicating that John’s attire was not for fashion but for function. Camel’s hair was a coarse material, often associated with the poor or those who chose a life of asceticism. This choice of clothing aligns John with the Old Testament prophet Elijah, who is described in 2 Kings 1:8 as a "hairy man" with a leather belt. John's attire signifies his prophetic role and his call to repentance, echoing the message of the prophets who came before him.

with a leather belt around his waist
The "leather belt" is a significant detail that further connects John to the prophetic tradition, particularly Elijah. In the ancient Near East, a leather belt was practical for securing garments and carrying tools or weapons. Symbolically, it represents readiness and strength. The Greek word for "belt" (ζώνη) implies a girding up, a preparation for action. John's belt signifies his readiness to fulfill his mission as the forerunner of Christ, preparing the way for the Lord with urgency and determination.

His food was locusts and wild honey
The diet of "locusts and wild honey" underscores John's ascetic lifestyle and his separation from worldly comforts. Locusts, considered clean according to Levitical law (Leviticus 11:22), were a common food source in the region, especially for those living in the wilderness. The Greek word for "locusts" (ἀκρίδες) indicates a type of grasshopper, emphasizing John's reliance on what God provided in nature. "Wild honey" (μέλι ἄγριον) suggests sustenance found in the wild, unprocessed and pure. Together, these foods symbolize a return to simplicity and reliance on God’s provision. John's diet reflects his message of repentance and turning away from excess, calling people to focus on spiritual nourishment rather than material abundance.

People went out to him
This phrase indicates a significant movement of individuals towards John the Baptist. The Greek word for "people" here is "ὄχλοι" (ochloi), which often refers to crowds or multitudes. This suggests that John's ministry was drawing considerable attention and interest. Historically, this reflects a time of great expectation among the Jewish people for a messianic figure, and John's call for repentance resonated deeply with them. The act of going out to him signifies a deliberate choice to seek spiritual renewal and transformation.

from Jerusalem
Jerusalem, the spiritual and political center of Jewish life, is mentioned first, highlighting its importance. The city's residents, including religious leaders, were intrigued by John's message. Jerusalem was the location of the Temple, the heart of Jewish worship, and its mention underscores the widespread impact of John's ministry. The journey from Jerusalem to the Jordan River would have been a significant undertaking, indicating the earnestness of those seeking John's baptism.

and all Judea
Judea was the southern region of ancient Israel, encompassing Jerusalem and surrounding areas. The phrase "all Judea" suggests that John's influence extended beyond the city to the broader region. This widespread response indicates a collective yearning for spiritual revival. Judea's mention also emphasizes the fulfillment of prophetic expectations, as the region was central to Jewish identity and history.

and the whole region around the Jordan
The Jordan River holds deep symbolic significance in Jewish history, being the site where the Israelites crossed into the Promised Land. The phrase "the whole region around the Jordan" suggests that John's ministry was not confined to a single location but spread throughout the area. This geographical reference highlights the accessibility of John's message to a diverse audience, including those living in rural and less populated areas. The Jordan River, as a place of baptism, symbolizes purification and new beginnings, aligning with John's call for repentance.

and they were baptized by him in the Jordan River as they confessed their sins
and they were baptized
The act of baptism here is significant in its symbolism and practice. The Greek word for "baptized" is "βαπτίζω" (baptizō), which means to immerse or submerge. This act of immersion in water represents purification and the washing away of sins. In the Jewish context, ritual washings were common, but John's baptism was unique as it was a one-time act signifying repentance and preparation for the coming Messiah. Baptism here is not just a physical act but a spiritual declaration of turning away from sin and towards God.

by him
The "him" refers to John the Baptist, a pivotal figure in the New Testament. John was a prophet and forerunner to Jesus, fulfilling the prophecy of Isaiah about a voice crying in the wilderness. His role was to prepare the way for the Lord by calling people to repentance. John's authority to baptize came from God, and his ministry was marked by a call to moral and spiritual renewal. His baptism was a precursor to the baptism that Jesus would later institute, which would be in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

in the Jordan River
The Jordan River holds significant historical and theological importance in the Bible. It was the river that the Israelites crossed to enter the Promised Land, symbolizing a transition from the old life of slavery in Egypt to a new life in the land God had promised. By baptizing in the Jordan, John was symbolically inviting people to enter into a new covenant with God, leaving behind their old ways. The Jordan River thus becomes a place of new beginnings and divine encounters, as it would later be the site of Jesus' own baptism.

as they confessed their sins
Confession of sins is a crucial aspect of repentance. The Greek word for "confessed" is "ἐξομολογέω" (exomologeō), which means to acknowledge or agree fully. This confession was not merely a private matter but a public acknowledgment of one's sins and a desire to turn away from them. In the Jewish tradition, confession was often accompanied by acts of repentance and restitution. Here, it signifies a heart ready to receive God's forgiveness and grace. The act of confessing sins before baptism underscores the sincerity and depth of the repentance that John was calling for, preparing the people for the coming of Jesus, who would offer ultimate forgiveness through His sacrifice.

But when he saw
This phrase introduces the perceptive nature of John the Baptist. The Greek word for "saw" is "εἶδεν" (eiden), which implies not just physical sight but also understanding and discernment. John, filled with the Holy Spirit, perceives the true intentions of those approaching him. This insight is a gift from God, allowing him to see beyond the surface and recognize the spiritual state of the Pharisees and Sadducees.

many of the Pharisees and Sadducees
The Pharisees and Sadducees were two prominent Jewish sects during the time of Jesus. The Pharisees were known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions, while the Sadducees were more aristocratic, often holding positions of power in the Temple. Historically, these groups were often at odds with each other, yet they are united in their curiosity or skepticism towards John's baptism. Their presence here signifies the widespread impact of John's ministry, drawing attention from all levels of Jewish society.

coming to his place of baptism
The act of coming to John's baptism site indicates a recognition of his influence and the movement he was leading. Baptism, in this context, was a symbol of repentance and preparation for the coming Messiah. The Greek word "βάπτισμα" (baptisma) signifies immersion, a cleansing act that was both physical and spiritual. The Pharisees and Sadducees' approach to this place suggests a confrontation between their established religious practices and the new, radical call to repentance that John was preaching.

he said to them
John's direct address to the Pharisees and Sadducees is significant. It shows his boldness and authority as a prophet. The Greek word "εἶπεν" (eipen) indicates a declaration, not just a casual conversation. John speaks with the authority of one who is preparing the way for the Lord, unafraid to challenge the religious leaders of his day.

You brood of vipers
This phrase is a powerful rebuke. The term "brood" (Greek: "γεννήματα," gennēmata) implies offspring or children, while "vipers" (Greek: "ἐχιδνῶν," echidnōn) refers to venomous snakes. In the cultural and scriptural context, snakes are often associated with deceit and danger, reminiscent of the serpent in the Garden of Eden. John's use of this metaphor highlights the hypocrisy and spiritual danger posed by these leaders, who appear righteous outwardly but are corrupt inwardly.

who warned you to flee
This rhetorical question challenges the sincerity of the Pharisees and Sadducees. The Greek word "ὑπέδειξεν" (hypedeixen) means to show or reveal. John questions whether their presence is due to genuine repentance or mere curiosity. The imagery of fleeing suggests urgency and danger, as if escaping from an impending disaster.

from the coming wrath
The "coming wrath" refers to God's impending judgment. The Greek word "ὀργῆς" (orgēs) denotes a settled anger, a divine response to sin and rebellion. In the prophetic tradition, this wrath is often associated with the Day of the Lord, a time of judgment and purification. John's message is a call to repentance to avoid this divine wrath, emphasizing the urgency and seriousness of his ministry.

Produce fruit
The phrase "Produce fruit" in Matthew 3:8 calls for an active response from the believer. The Greek word for "produce" is "ποιέω" (poieo), which means to make or do. This implies that repentance is not merely an internal change but must manifest in outward actions. In the context of John the Baptist's ministry, this call to action was a radical departure from the mere ritualistic observance of the law. It emphasizes that true repentance results in tangible evidence of a transformed life, aligning with the teachings of Jesus that a tree is known by its fruit (Matthew 7:16-20).

in keeping with repentance
The phrase "in keeping with repentance" underscores the necessity of consistency between one's actions and their professed change of heart. The Greek word for "repentance" is "μετάνοια" (metanoia), which means a change of mind or a turning away from sin. Historically, repentance was a central theme in the preaching of the prophets, calling Israel back to faithfulness to God. In the New Testament context, John the Baptist's call to repentance was preparatory for the coming of Jesus, urging people to realign their lives with God's will. This phrase challenges believers to examine their lives for evidence of genuine repentance, as true repentance is not a one-time event but an ongoing process of transformation and renewal.

And do not presume
The Greek word for "presume" is "δοκέω" (dokeō), which means to think or suppose. This phrase warns against a false sense of security or entitlement. In the context of John the Baptist's message, it serves as a caution against relying on heritage or lineage for spiritual standing. The call is to humility and self-examination, recognizing that spiritual pride can lead to complacency.

to say to yourselves
This phrase indicates an internal dialogue or self-assurance. It suggests that the people were comforting themselves with their heritage rather than seeking true repentance. The emphasis here is on the personal responsibility of each individual to examine their own heart and motives, rather than relying on external factors for righteousness.

‘We have Abraham as our father.’
Abraham is a central figure in Jewish identity, representing the covenant and promises of God. The Jews of John’s time took pride in their descent from Abraham, believing it guaranteed them favor with God. However, John challenges this notion, emphasizing that physical descent is not sufficient for spiritual standing. This highlights the biblical theme that true children of Abraham are those who share his faith, not just his bloodline (Galatians 3:7).

For I tell you
This phrase underscores the authority of the speaker, John the Baptist, as a prophet. It is a direct and emphatic statement, indicating the importance and truth of what follows. John speaks with divine authority, calling the people to listen and heed his warning.

that out of these stones
The mention of "stones" is symbolic and possibly a play on words, as the Hebrew word for "children" (banim) sounds similar to "stones" (abanim). This imagery suggests God's power to create life and fulfill His promises in unexpected ways. It serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and ability to raise up a faithful people from the most unlikely sources.

God can raise up children for Abraham
This statement emphasizes God's creative power and the inclusivity of His covenant. It challenges the exclusivity of the Jewish claim to Abraham's legacy, opening the door for Gentiles to be grafted into the family of God through faith. It underscores the New Testament teaching that true kinship with Abraham is based on faith and obedience, not merely ancestry (Romans 4:16-17).

The axe
The imagery of "the axe" in this verse is powerful and vivid, symbolizing impending judgment and the urgency of repentance. In the context of ancient Israel, an axe was a common tool used for cutting down trees, and its mention here suggests a decisive and irreversible action. The Greek word used is "ἀξίνη" (axinē), which directly translates to "axe." This metaphor indicates that God's judgment is not only imminent but also precise and purposeful. The use of an axe implies that the time for fruitless trees is over, and action is required.

already
The word "already" emphasizes the immediacy and certainty of the coming judgment. It suggests that the process of evaluation and potential destruction is not a distant future event but is currently underway. This serves as a wake-up call to the listeners, urging them to recognize the urgency of their spiritual condition. The Greek word "ἤδη" (ēdē) conveys a sense of something that is presently occurring, underscoring the pressing nature of the message.

at the root
The phrase "at the root" signifies the thoroughness and depth of the judgment. By targeting the root, the axe is aimed at the very source of life and growth for the tree. This indicates that the judgment will be complete and will address the fundamental issues, not just surface-level problems. The Greek word "ῥίζα" (rhiza) means "root," and its use here highlights the comprehensive nature of God's scrutiny, which goes beyond mere appearances to the core of one's spiritual state.

of the trees
"The trees" symbolize individuals or groups of people, particularly those who claim to be part of God's covenant community. In the broader biblical context, trees often represent people or nations (e.g., Psalm 1:3, Isaiah 61:3). The plural form suggests that this message is not directed at a single person but is a collective call to repentance for all who hear. The imagery of trees also evokes the expectation of bearing fruit, a common biblical metaphor for living a life that reflects one's faith and commitment to God.

Therefore
The word "therefore" serves as a logical connector, linking the preceding warning with the subsequent consequence. It indicates that the action described is a direct result of the situation at hand. In this context, it underscores the inevitability of judgment for those who do not heed the call to repentance. The Greek word "οὖν" (oun) is often used to draw conclusions or to emphasize the importance of what follows, reinforcing the seriousness of the message.

every tree
The phrase "every tree" emphasizes the universality of the judgment. No one is exempt from this divine evaluation; all are subject to the same standard. This inclusivity serves as a reminder that God's judgment is impartial and just. The Greek word "πᾶς" (pas) means "every" or "all," highlighting that the call to repentance and the warning of judgment apply to everyone, regardless of status or background.

that does not produce good fruit
The condition "that does not produce good fruit" specifies the criteria for judgment. In biblical terms, "good fruit" refers to actions and behaviors that align with God's will and reflect a genuine faith. The Greek word "καρπός" (karpos) means "fruit," and its use here implies that true faith is evidenced by tangible outcomes in one's life. This echoes other scriptural teachings, such as in James 2:17, where faith without works is considered dead.

will be cut down
The phrase "will be cut down" describes the consequence of failing to produce good fruit. It conveys a sense of finality and destruction, indicating that those who do not meet the standard will face severe repercussions. The Greek word "ἐκκόπτω" (ekkoptō) means "to cut off" or "to cut down," suggesting a decisive and irreversible action. This serves as a sobering reminder of the seriousness of God's judgment.

and thrown into the fire
The imagery of being "thrown into the fire" represents the ultimate judgment and destruction. Fire is often used in the Bible as a symbol of purification and judgment (e.g., Malachi 3:2-3, Revelation 20:15). The Greek word "πῦρ" (pyr) means "fire," and its use here underscores the severity of the consequences for those who do not repent. This serves as a powerful call to action, urging individuals to examine their lives and align themselves with God's will to avoid such a fate.

I baptize you with water
This phrase is spoken by John the Baptist, who is emphasizing his role in the divine plan. The Greek word for "baptize" is "baptizō," which means to immerse or submerge. John's baptism with water symbolizes purification and repentance, preparing the way for the coming Messiah. Historically, Jewish purification rituals involved water, signifying cleansing from sin. John's baptism is a precursor to the spiritual cleansing that Jesus would bring.

for repentance
The Greek term "metanoia" is used here, meaning a transformative change of heart or mind. John's baptism is not just a ritual but a call to a profound inner change. Repentance is a central theme in the Bible, urging believers to turn away from sin and towards God. This sets the stage for the new covenant that Jesus will establish, where repentance leads to forgiveness and salvation.

but after me will come one
John acknowledges his role as the forerunner to someone greater. The phrase "after me" indicates the chronological and spiritual succession from John's ministry to Jesus'. This reflects the prophetic tradition in the Old Testament, where prophets often pointed to a future fulfillment of God's promises.

who is more powerful than I
The Greek word "ischuroteros" means stronger or mightier. John humbly recognizes the superiority of Jesus, both in power and authority. This acknowledgment is crucial, as it highlights the divine nature of Christ and sets the expectation for the transformative power of His ministry.

whose sandals I am not worthy to carry
In ancient times, carrying someone's sandals was a task reserved for the lowest servants. By using this imagery, John expresses his humility and the immense reverence he has for Jesus. This humility is a model for believers, emphasizing the greatness of Christ and the proper posture of worship and service.

He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit
The promise of baptism with the Holy Spirit signifies a new era in God's relationship with humanity. The Holy Spirit, or "Pneuma" in Greek, represents God's presence and power dwelling within believers. This baptism is transformative, enabling believers to live a life empowered by God's Spirit, fulfilling the prophecies of a new covenant found in the Old Testament.

and with fire
Fire in the Bible often symbolizes purification, judgment, and the presence of God. The dual imagery of the Holy Spirit and fire suggests both the purifying and empowering aspects of Jesus' ministry. This baptism is not just about cleansing from sin but also about being refined and equipped for God's purposes. The fire represents the trials and challenges that purify and strengthen the believer's faith.

His winnowing fork
The imagery of the "winnowing fork" is deeply rooted in the agricultural practices of ancient Israel. In the Greek, the word used is "πτύον" (ptyon), which refers to a tool used to separate grain from chaff. This process involved tossing the harvested grain into the air so that the wind could blow away the lighter chaff, leaving the heavier grain to fall back to the ground. This metaphor is powerful in its depiction of judgment and purification. In a spiritual sense, it signifies the discerning and separating work of Christ, who distinguishes between true believers and those who merely appear to be so. The winnowing fork is a symbol of divine judgment and the purity that Christ brings to His people.

is in His hand
The phrase "is in His hand" emphasizes the authority and readiness of Christ to execute judgment. The Greek word for "hand" is "χείρ" (cheir), which often symbolizes power and control. This imagery assures believers of Christ's sovereign power over all creation and His active role in the process of judgment. It is a reminder that Christ is not passive but is actively involved in the affairs of humanity, guiding and directing according to His divine will.

to clear His threshing floor
The "threshing floor" was a central place in ancient agricultural society where the separation of grain from chaff occurred. In the Greek, "ἅλων" (halon) refers to this specific area. Spiritually, the threshing floor represents the world or the church, where Christ will separate the righteous from the unrighteous. This clearing is a metaphor for the purification and sanctification process that Christ performs in the lives of believers, ensuring that His church is holy and blameless.

and to gather His wheat into the barn
The "wheat" symbolizes true believers, those who have accepted Christ and bear fruit in their lives. The Greek word "σίτος" (sitos) is used here, representing the valuable and fruitful harvest. The "barn" is a place of safety and preservation, indicating the eternal security and rest that believers will find in Christ. This gathering is a promise of the ultimate redemption and salvation that awaits those who are faithful, as they are brought into the eternal kingdom of God.

but He will burn up the chaff
The "chaff" represents those who reject Christ or fail to produce spiritual fruit. The Greek word "ἄχυρον" (achyron) refers to the worthless husks that are separated from the grain. The act of burning signifies judgment and destruction, a common biblical theme for divine retribution against sin and unbelief. This serves as a solemn warning of the consequences of rejecting the gospel and living a life apart from God.

with unquenchable fire
The phrase "unquenchable fire" is a vivid depiction of eternal judgment. The Greek word "ἄσβεστος" (asbestos) means unquenchable or inextinguishable, indicating the eternal nature of this fire. This fire is not merely physical but represents the eternal separation from God and the perpetual state of judgment for those who do not repent. It underscores the seriousness of Christ's message and the urgency of responding to His call for repentance and faith. This imagery serves as both a warning and a call to action, urging individuals to seek salvation through Christ.

At that time
This phrase situates the event within a specific historical and prophetic context. The timing is significant as it marks the beginning of Jesus' public ministry. The phrase suggests divine timing, aligning with God's sovereign plan. In the Greek, "τότε" (tote) indicates a specific moment, emphasizing the fulfillment of prophecy and the readiness of Jesus to commence His mission.

Jesus
The name "Jesus" is derived from the Hebrew "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." This name encapsulates His mission and identity as the Savior. In the context of this verse, Jesus is presented as the central figure, the awaited Messiah, who is about to publicly affirm His role through baptism.

came from Galilee
Galilee, a region in northern Israel, was known for its mixed population and relative obscurity compared to Judea. Jesus' coming from Galilee fulfills the prophecy of Isaiah 9:1-2, which speaks of a great light arising in Galilee. This highlights the humble beginnings of Jesus' ministry and His connection to the common people.

to the Jordan
The Jordan River holds significant historical and spiritual importance in Israel's history. It was the site where the Israelites crossed into the Promised Land (Joshua 3) and symbolizes a place of new beginnings and divine encounters. Jesus' choice of the Jordan for His baptism signifies a new era of spiritual renewal and the inauguration of His redemptive work.

to be baptized
The act of baptism, from the Greek "βαπτίζω" (baptizō), means to immerse or submerge. In Jewish tradition, baptism was a ritual of purification and repentance. Jesus' baptism, however, was not for repentance but to identify with humanity's sinfulness and to fulfill all righteousness (Matthew 3:15). It marks His solidarity with sinners and His commitment to the path of obedience to the Father.

by John
John the Baptist, a prophetic figure, was the forerunner of Christ, preparing the way for the Messiah. His baptism was one of repentance, calling people to turn back to God. Jesus' submission to John's baptism underscores His humility and the divine endorsement of John's ministry. It also signifies the transition from the old covenant to the new, with John as the last prophet of the old era and Jesus as the inaugurator of the new.

But John tried to prevent Him
The phrase begins with "But," indicating a contrast or exception to what might be expected. John the Baptist, known for his role in preparing the way for the Messiah, is here depicted as attempting to "prevent" Jesus. The Greek word for "prevent" is "διεκώλυεν" (diekōlyen), which implies a strong resistance or hindrance. This highlights John's humility and recognition of Jesus' superiority. Historically, John was a revered prophet, and his reluctance underscores the profound respect and awe he held for Jesus, acknowledging His divine authority and purity.

saying, 'I need to be baptized by You
John's statement, "I need to be baptized by You," reveals his awareness of his own sinfulness and the need for spiritual cleansing. The Greek word for "need" is "χρείαν" (chreian), which conveys a sense of necessity or obligation. Baptism, in this context, symbolizes repentance and purification. John's acknowledgment of his need for Jesus' baptism reflects the broader Christian understanding that all humanity requires the redemptive work of Christ. This humility is a model for believers, emphasizing the necessity of recognizing one's own need for Jesus' grace and forgiveness.

and do You come to me?
The phrase "and do You come to me?" is a rhetorical question that underscores John's astonishment and unworthiness. The Greek word "ἔρχῃ" (erchē) for "come" suggests an intentional approach or arrival. John's question highlights the paradox of the sinless Savior seeking baptism from a sinful man. This moment is pivotal in the Gospel narrative, as it marks the beginning of Jesus' public ministry and His identification with humanity's plight. Theologically, it foreshadows the ultimate act of humility and service that Jesus would demonstrate on the cross. John's reaction invites believers to reflect on the mystery of the Incarnation—God coming to humanity in the person of Jesus Christ, to fulfill all righteousness and offer salvation.

Let it be so now
In this phrase, Jesus is speaking to John the Baptist, who is hesitant to baptize Him. The Greek word for "let" is "ἄφες" (aphes), which can also mean "permit" or "allow." This indicates a sense of urgency and necessity. Jesus is emphasizing the importance of the moment, suggesting that this act is part of a divine plan. The word "now" (ἄρτι, arti) underscores the immediacy and timeliness of the action, pointing to the fulfillment of God's will in the present moment. This highlights the obedience of Jesus to the Father's plan, setting an example for believers to follow God's timing and purposes.

it is fitting for us
The phrase "it is fitting" comes from the Greek word "πρέπον" (prepon), meaning proper or suitable. Jesus is acknowledging the appropriateness of His baptism, even though He is sinless. The use of "us" indicates a partnership between Jesus and John, showing that both have roles in fulfilling God's plan. This collaboration reflects the unity and cooperation required in the body of Christ, where each member has a part to play in the divine mission.

to fulfill all righteousness
The word "fulfill" is translated from the Greek "πληρῶσαι" (plērōsai), which means to complete or bring to full measure. Jesus' baptism is not about repentance but about completing the requirements of righteousness. "Righteousness" (δικαιοσύνην, dikaiosynēn) in this context refers to the divine standard of what is right and just. Jesus is identifying with humanity and setting a precedent for obedience to God's will. This act symbolizes the inauguration of His public ministry and His commitment to living a life in perfect alignment with God's standards, ultimately leading to His sacrificial death and resurrection for the salvation of mankind.

Then he permitted Him
The word "permitted" is from the Greek "ἀφίησιν" (aphēsin), which is the same root as "let" in the earlier phrase. John's compliance with Jesus' request demonstrates humility and submission to God's plan, even when it defies human logic. This act of obedience by John the Baptist serves as a model for believers to trust and follow God's directives, even when they do not fully understand them. It also marks the beginning of Jesus' public ministry, a pivotal moment in the unfolding of the Gospel narrative.

As soon as Jesus was baptized
This phrase marks a pivotal moment in the life of Jesus, signifying the commencement of His public ministry. The Greek word for "baptized" is "βαπτίζω" (baptizó), which means to immerse or submerge. Baptism here symbolizes purification and the fulfillment of righteousness, as Jesus identifies with humanity's need for repentance, despite His sinlessness. This act of humility sets a precedent for believers, emphasizing the importance of obedience and submission to God's will.

He went up out of the water
The act of emerging from the water signifies resurrection and new life. It prefigures the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ, which is central to Christian faith. The imagery of coming up out of the water also reflects the believer's journey from death to life, as they rise to walk in newness of life (Romans 6:4). This moment underscores the transformative power of baptism as an outward expression of an inward change.

Suddenly the heavens were opened
The opening of the heavens is a divine revelation, indicating God's direct intervention and approval. In the Old Testament, open heavens often signify a moment of divine communication or blessing (Ezekiel 1:1). This event marks a new era in salvation history, where God is actively engaging with humanity through His Son. It is a moment of divine endorsement, affirming Jesus' identity and mission.

and He saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove
The Spirit of God descending is a powerful image of anointing and empowerment. The dove, a symbol of peace and purity, represents the Holy Spirit's gentle and peaceful nature. In the Old Testament, the Spirit's descent often signifies empowerment for a specific task or mission (Judges 3:10). Here, it signifies the beginning of Jesus' ministry, empowered by the Holy Spirit to fulfill His redemptive work.

and resting on Him
The resting of the Spirit on Jesus indicates a permanent indwelling and anointing. The Greek word "ἀναπαύω" (anapauó) suggests a settling or abiding presence. This is not a temporary visitation but a continual presence, signifying Jesus as the Messiah, the Anointed One. It fulfills the prophecy of Isaiah 11:2, where the Spirit of the Lord rests upon the Messiah, equipping Him with wisdom, understanding, and power. This divine endorsement assures believers of Jesus' authority and the sufficiency of His work for salvation.

And a voice from heaven
This phrase signifies divine communication, a direct intervention from God. In the biblical context, a "voice from heaven" is a rare and significant event, often marking a pivotal moment in God's interaction with humanity. The Greek word for "voice" is "φωνή" (phonē), which can also mean sound or tone, emphasizing the clarity and authority of the message. The phrase underscores the heavenly origin of the message, affirming that it is not of human origin but a divine proclamation. This moment echoes the Old Testament theophanies, where God audibly communicated with His people, such as at Mount Sinai (Exodus 19:19).

said
The Greek word used here is "εἶπεν" (eipen), a form of the verb "λέγω" (legō), meaning to speak or say. This verb indicates a definitive and authoritative statement. In the context of this verse, it emphasizes the certainty and importance of the message being delivered. The use of "said" rather than "whispered" or "murmured" highlights the clarity and public nature of the declaration, ensuring that it is heard and understood by those present.

This is My beloved Son
The phrase "My beloved Son" is rich with theological significance. The Greek word for "beloved" is "ἀγαπητός" (agapētos), which denotes a deep, unconditional love. This term is used to express the unique and eternal relationship between the Father and the Son. The declaration "This is My beloved Son" affirms Jesus' divine sonship and His unique status as the Messiah. It echoes Psalm 2:7, where God declares the king as His Son, thus linking Jesus to the Davidic line and His messianic role. This affirmation is crucial for understanding Jesus' identity and mission.

in whom I am well pleased
The phrase "well pleased" comes from the Greek "εὐδόκησα" (eudokēsa), which means to take delight or find satisfaction. This expression indicates God's complete approval and delight in Jesus. It reflects the fulfillment of God's will and the perfect obedience of Jesus to the Father. This approval is not just for Jesus' past actions but also for His future ministry and sacrificial mission. The phrase reassures believers of Jesus' divine authority and the Father's endorsement of His redemptive work. It also serves as a model for believers to seek God's pleasure through obedience and faithfulness.