Early the next morning
This phrase indicates a sense of urgency and readiness in Joshua's leadership. The Hebrew word for "early" (שָׁכַם, shakham) often implies diligence and eagerness. Joshua's early rising reflects his commitment to God's command and his role as a leader. It sets a tone of preparedness and anticipation for the Israelites, who are on the brink of a significant transition into the Promised Land. This moment is a reminder of the importance of starting our day with purpose and aligning our actions with God's will.

Joshua and all the Israelites
Joshua, whose name means "The Lord is salvation," is a central figure in this narrative. He is not acting alone but is leading "all the Israelites," emphasizing the unity and collective journey of God's people. This phrase underscores the communal aspect of faith and obedience. The Israelites, as a covenant community, are moving together under Joshua's leadership, symbolizing the importance of unity in fulfilling God's promises.

set out from Shittim
Shittim, located in the plains of Moab, is the last encampment of the Israelites before crossing the Jordan River. The name "Shittim" is derived from the Hebrew word for acacia trees, which were abundant in the area. This location holds historical significance as the place where the Israelites fell into sin with the Moabite women (Numbers 25). Leaving Shittim represents a departure from past failures and a movement towards God's promises. It is a powerful reminder of God's grace and the opportunity for a new beginning.

and came to the Jordan
The Jordan River is a significant geographical and spiritual boundary. In Hebrew, "Jordan" (יַרְדֵּן, Yarden) means "descender," reflecting the river's descent from the mountains to the Dead Sea. The Jordan represents a barrier to the Promised Land, symbolizing challenges and transitions in the believer's journey. Coming to the Jordan signifies a moment of faith and trust in God's provision, as the Israelites prepare to cross into the land promised to their ancestors.

where they camped before crossing over
Camping at the Jordan before crossing over indicates a period of preparation and reflection. The Hebrew word for "camped" (חָנָה, chanah) suggests a temporary dwelling, a pause before a significant event. This time allows the Israelites to prepare spiritually and physically for the crossing. It is a moment of anticipation and reliance on God's guidance. The phrase "before crossing over" highlights the imminent fulfillment of God's promise, encouraging believers to trust in God's timing and provision as they face their own "Jordan" moments.

After three days
This phrase marks a significant period of waiting and preparation for the Israelites. The number three often symbolizes completeness or divine perfection in the Bible. In Hebrew, the word for "three" is "shalosh," which can imply a sense of wholeness or divine intervention. The Israelites had been camped by the Jordan River, and this waiting period was a time of spiritual readiness and anticipation for the miraculous crossing that God was about to perform. Historically, this period allowed the people to prepare themselves mentally and spiritually for the significant transition from the wilderness into the Promised Land.

the officers went throughout the camp
The term "officers" refers to leaders or officials among the Israelites, known in Hebrew as "shoterim." These were individuals responsible for maintaining order and communicating instructions from God through Moses and Joshua. Their role was crucial in ensuring that the people were unified and ready to follow God's commands. The act of going "throughout the camp" signifies thoroughness and diligence in leadership, ensuring that every member of the community was informed and prepared for the upcoming event. This reflects the importance of organized leadership and communication within the community of faith, emphasizing that God's plans often require human cooperation and obedience.

and commanded the people
This phrase indicates a direct order given to the Israelites, emphasizing the importance of obedience to divine instruction. The Hebrew root for "commanded" is "צָוָה" (tsavah), which conveys a sense of authoritative direction. In the context of the Israelites' journey, this command underscores the necessity of following God's guidance through His appointed leaders. Historically, the Israelites were a people accustomed to receiving and following commands from God through Moses, and now Joshua, as they navigated their covenant relationship with Him.

When you see the ark of the covenant
The "ark of the covenant" is central to Israel's worship and identity, representing God's presence among His people. The Hebrew word for "ark" is "אֲרוֹן" (aron), which means a chest or box, but in this context, it is a sacred object containing the tablets of the Law. The ark's presence signifies God's guidance and faithfulness to His promises. Archaeologically, while the exact appearance of the ark is not known, it is described in Exodus as being overlaid with gold and having cherubim on its cover, symbolizing the divine throne.

of the LORD your God
This phrase emphasizes the personal relationship between the Israelites and Yahweh, their covenant God. The use of "LORD" in all caps in English translations represents the tetragrammaton "יהוה" (YHWH), the sacred and personal name of God. This name is a reminder of God's eternal presence and His covenantal faithfulness. The phrase "your God" personalizes this relationship, reminding the Israelites that Yahweh is not a distant deity but their personal God who has chosen them as His people.

and the Levitical priests carrying it
The Levitical priests were set apart for the service of the tabernacle and later the temple. The Hebrew root for "priest" is "כֹּהֵן" (kohen), indicating one who mediates between God and the people. The priests carrying the ark signifies the holiness and reverence required in approaching God. Historically, the Levites were chosen from the tribe of Levi, and their role was crucial in maintaining the spiritual life of Israel. Their carrying of the ark highlights the sacredness of the task and the need for purity and dedication in service to God.

you are to set out from your positions and follow it
This instruction to "set out" and "follow" the ark is a call to action and faith. The Hebrew word for "set out" is "נָסַע" (nasa), meaning to pull up or journey, indicating movement and transition. The Israelites are being called to leave their current place and follow the ark, symbolizing God's leading. This act of following the ark is an act of trust, as they are stepping into the unknown, relying on God's presence to guide them. Scripturally, this mirrors the call to discipleship, where believers are called to follow God's leading, trusting in His provision and direction.

But keep a distance
The Hebrew word for "distance" here is "rachok," which implies a space or interval. This instruction emphasizes the holiness and reverence due to the Ark of the Covenant, which represents God's presence. The Israelites are reminded of the sacredness of God's presence and the need for respect and awe. This distance also symbolizes the separation between the divine and the human, highlighting the need for mediation and reverence in approaching God.

of about two thousand cubits
A cubit is an ancient measurement roughly equivalent to 18 inches or 45 centimeters. Therefore, two thousand cubits would be about 3,000 feet or 900 meters. This specific distance ensured that the Ark was visible to all the people, allowing them to follow it without crowding or confusion. It underscores the importance of order and clarity in following God's guidance, as well as the need for the community to move together in unity.

between yourselves and the ark
The Ark of the Covenant was the most sacred object in Israel, symbolizing God's throne on earth. It contained the tablets of the Law, Aaron's rod, and a pot of manna. The instruction to maintain a distance between the people and the Ark underscores the holiness of God and the respect required in His presence. It serves as a reminder of the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where God leads and the people follow.

Do not go near it
This command reinforces the idea of God's holiness and the need for the Israelites to approach Him with reverence and respect. The Ark was not to be approached casually or without proper preparation, reflecting the broader biblical theme of God's transcendence and the need for purity and holiness in His presence. It also serves as a protective measure, as approaching the Ark improperly could result in dire consequences, as seen in other biblical accounts.

so that you can see the way to go
The phrase highlights the practical aspect of the instruction: maintaining a clear view of the Ark ensures that the Israelites can follow God's leading accurately. It symbolizes the need for spiritual vision and discernment in following God's path. The Ark, as the representation of God's presence, is the guide for the journey, emphasizing the importance of divine guidance in the life of faith.

for you have not traveled this way before
This statement acknowledges the newness of the journey and the unfamiliarity of the path ahead. It serves as a metaphor for the Christian life, where believers are often called to step out in faith into unknown territories. The assurance comes from knowing that God goes before us, leading and guiding us through uncharted waters. It is a call to trust in God's leadership and to rely on His wisdom and direction in every new venture.

Then Joshua told the people
This phrase sets the stage for a pivotal moment in Israel's history. Joshua, as the leader appointed by God after Moses, is addressing the Israelites. The Hebrew root for "told" is "amar," which implies a declaration or command. Joshua's role as a leader is not just administrative but deeply spiritual, guiding the people in obedience to God's will. Historically, this moment is significant as it precedes the miraculous crossing of the Jordan River, a testament to God's faithfulness and power.

Consecrate yourselves
The Hebrew word for "consecrate" is "qadash," meaning to sanctify, prepare, or dedicate. This command is a call to spiritual purification and readiness. In the ancient context, consecration involved rituals such as washing, abstaining from certain activities, and offering sacrifices. It signifies a setting apart for a holy purpose. For the Israelites, this was a preparation to witness God's mighty acts, reminding us that spiritual readiness is crucial for experiencing God's work in our lives.

for tomorrow
The mention of "tomorrow" indicates an imminent divine intervention. It creates a sense of anticipation and urgency. In the biblical narrative, "tomorrow" often signifies a new beginning or a significant event orchestrated by God. This temporal marker encourages the Israelites to prepare with expectation and faith, knowing that God's timing is perfect and His promises are sure.

the LORD
The use of "the LORD" refers to Yahweh, the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal, unchanging nature and His relationship with Israel. This name is a reminder of God's faithfulness and His role as the divine warrior and protector of His people. It underscores that the wonders to come are acts of Yahweh, reinforcing His sovereignty and power.

will do wonders
The phrase "will do wonders" comes from the Hebrew "pala," meaning to perform extraordinary or miraculous acts. This promise of wonders is a testament to God's supernatural intervention in human history. The wonders God performs are not just displays of power but are purposeful, revealing His glory and fulfilling His promises. For the Israelites, these wonders would affirm God's presence and His commitment to lead them into the Promised Land.

among you
The phrase "among you" highlights the personal and communal nature of God's actions. God's wonders are not distant or abstract; they occur in the midst of His people, demonstrating His intimate involvement in their lives. This assurance of God's presence among the Israelites is a source of comfort and strength, reminding them that they are not alone as they face the challenges ahead. It calls believers today to recognize and celebrate God's active presence in their own communities and lives.

And Joshua said
The name "Joshua" is derived from the Hebrew "Yehoshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." Joshua, as the leader of Israel, is a type of Christ, who leads His people into the promised inheritance. His role as a leader is pivotal, and his command here signifies the divine authority bestowed upon him. The act of speaking to the priests underscores his leadership and the importance of divine guidance in the journey of faith.

to the priests
The priests in Israel held a sacred role as mediators between God and the people. They were from the tribe of Levi, specifically chosen to perform religious duties. Their involvement in carrying the ark signifies the holiness and reverence required in approaching God. This highlights the necessity of spiritual leadership and the importance of consecration in the service of God.

Take up the ark of the covenant
The "ark of the covenant" was a sacred chest that held the tablets of the Law, Aaron's rod, and a pot of manna. It symbolized God's presence and covenant with Israel. The Hebrew word for "ark" is "aron," meaning a chest or box, but its significance is far greater as it represents God's throne on earth. The command to "take up" the ark indicates the need to carry God's presence with them, emphasizing the centrality of God in their journey and battles.

and go on ahead of the people
This phrase signifies leadership and guidance. The ark going ahead of the people symbolizes God leading His people. It is a reminder that God goes before us, preparing the way and ensuring victory. Historically, this act of the ark leading the procession was a demonstration of faith and obedience, as the Israelites were about to cross the Jordan River into the Promised Land.

So they carried the ark of the covenant
The obedience of the priests in carrying the ark reflects their faithfulness and dedication to God's command. This act of carrying the ark is a physical manifestation of bearing the presence of God. It serves as a reminder of the responsibility of believers to carry God's presence in their lives, being vessels of His glory and truth.

and went ahead of them
The priests going ahead of the people with the ark is a powerful image of divine leadership. It reassures the Israelites that God is with them, leading them into new territories. This act is a precursor to the miraculous crossing of the Jordan River, demonstrating that when God leads, obstacles are overcome. It is an encouragement for believers to trust in God's leading, knowing that He goes before us in every challenge and opportunity.

And the LORD said to Joshua
This phrase marks a pivotal moment in the narrative, as it is the LORD Himself who speaks directly to Joshua. The Hebrew name for "LORD" here is "YHWH," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal, self-existent nature and His faithfulness to His promises. This divine communication underscores the intimate relationship between God and His chosen leader, Joshua. Historically, this reflects the continuity of leadership from Moses to Joshua, as God continues to guide His people through His appointed servant.

Today I will begin to exalt you
The word "exalt" in Hebrew is "gadal," which means to make great or to magnify. This is not merely about elevating Joshua's status for his own sake, but about establishing his authority and credibility among the Israelites. This divine endorsement is crucial as Joshua leads the people into the Promised Land. It reflects God's sovereign choice and His method of working through human leaders to accomplish His divine purposes.

in the sight of all Israel
The phrase "in the sight of all Israel" indicates that Joshua's exaltation is to be a public event, witnessed by the entire nation. This public recognition is essential for unifying the people under Joshua's leadership. It also serves as a testament to God's active presence and involvement with His people. The historical context here is significant, as the Israelites are on the brink of entering Canaan, and a strong, divinely endorsed leader is necessary for the challenges ahead.

so that they may know
The purpose of God's action is "so that they may know," which in Hebrew is "yada," meaning to perceive, understand, or acknowledge. This knowledge is not just intellectual but experiential, as the Israelites are to witness God's power and faithfulness firsthand. This phrase highlights the importance of experiential faith, where the people are to recognize and trust in God's ongoing work among them.

that, just as I was with Moses
This comparison to Moses is significant, as Moses was the quintessential leader and prophet in Israel's history. By stating "just as I was with Moses," God is assuring Joshua and the Israelites of His unchanging presence and support. This continuity of divine presence is crucial for maintaining the faith and morale of the people as they face new challenges. It also reinforces the legitimacy of Joshua's leadership in the eyes of the Israelites.

so I will be with you
The promise "so I will be with you" is a profound assurance of God's presence and support. The Hebrew word for "with" is "im," which denotes companionship and presence. This promise is foundational for Joshua's confidence and courage as he leads the people. It echoes God's earlier promises to the patriarchs and to Moses, emphasizing His faithfulness and the unbroken chain of His covenant relationship with His people. This assurance is meant to inspire trust and obedience, knowing that God is actively involved in the unfolding of His divine plan.

Command the priests
In this phrase, the directive is given to Joshua to instruct the priests, who are the spiritual leaders and mediators between God and the Israelites. The Hebrew word for "command" is "tsavah," which implies a strong, authoritative order. This highlights the importance of obedience to God's instructions, especially for those in leadership. The priests, being from the tribe of Levi, were set apart for sacred duties, and their role in this event underscores the necessity of spiritual leadership in guiding the people according to God's will.

who carry the ark of the covenant
The "ark of the covenant" is central to Israel's worship and represents God's presence among His people. The Hebrew word for "ark" is "aron," which means a chest or box, and it contained the tablets of the Law, Aaron's rod, and a pot of manna. The ark symbolizes God's covenant with Israel, His promises, and His guidance. The priests carrying the ark signifies that God's presence leads the way, and it is a reminder that the journey and battles ahead are under divine guidance and protection.

When you reach the edge of the waters of the Jordan
The Jordan River is a significant geographical and spiritual boundary for the Israelites. The phrase "reach the edge" indicates a moment of transition and faith. The Jordan River, at this time, was at flood stage, making it a formidable barrier. Historically, crossing the Jordan represents a step of faith into the promises of God, leaving behind the wilderness wanderings and entering the Promised Land. It is a call to trust in God's provision and timing, even when circumstances seem impossible.

go and stand in the river
The command to "go and stand" in the river is an act of faith and obedience. The Hebrew word for "stand" is "amad," which means to remain, endure, or take a position. This action required the priests to trust in God's promise that He would make a way through the waters. It is a powerful image of stepping into the unknown, relying on God's word, and witnessing His miraculous power. This act prefigures the believer's call to step out in faith, trusting in God's promises and presence in the midst of life's challenges.

So Joshua told the Israelites
This phrase sets the stage for a pivotal moment in Israel's history. Joshua, as the appointed leader after Moses, carries the mantle of guiding the Israelites into the Promised Land. The Hebrew root for "told" (וַיֹּאמֶר, vayomer) implies a command or declaration, emphasizing Joshua's authoritative role. Historically, this moment is significant as it marks a transition from wandering to possessing the land promised to their forefathers. Joshua's leadership is a fulfillment of God's promise and a testament to his faithfulness.

Come here
The invitation "Come here" (קִרְבוּ, kirvu) is both a physical and spiritual call to gather and prepare for divine instruction. It signifies a moment of unity and readiness among the Israelites. In the ancient Near Eastern context, such gatherings were often preludes to significant announcements or covenants. This call to assemble underscores the importance of community and collective obedience in the journey of faith.

and listen
The Hebrew word for "listen" (שִׁמְעוּ, shimu) goes beyond mere auditory reception; it implies understanding and obedience. In the biblical context, listening is often equated with heeding God's commands. This call to listen is a reminder of the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where obedience is a response to divine revelation and guidance.

to the words of the LORD
The "words of the LORD" (דִּבְרֵי יְהוָה, divrei Yahweh) are central to Israel's identity and mission. These words are not just instructions but are life-giving and covenant-defining. The phrase highlights the authority and sacredness of God's communication. Throughout Scripture, the "word of the LORD" is a powerful agent of creation, revelation, and transformation, underscoring the importance of divine guidance in the life of God's people.

your God
The possessive "your God" (אֱלֹהֵיכֶם, Eloheichem) personalizes the relationship between the Israelites and Yahweh. It emphasizes the covenantal bond and the unique identity of Israel as God's chosen people. This phrase reassures the Israelites of God's presence and faithfulness as they face the daunting task of entering and conquering the Promised Land. It is a reminder of the intimate and personal nature of their relationship with the Almighty, who is both their guide and protector.

This is how you will know
This phrase introduces a divine assurance to the Israelites. The Hebrew root for "know" is יָדַע (yada), which implies an intimate understanding or recognition. In the context of the Israelites, it signifies a deep, experiential knowledge of God's presence and power. Historically, the Israelites had witnessed God's miracles, but this moment was to be a personal confirmation of His continued faithfulness and guidance as they prepared to enter the Promised Land.

that the living God
The term "living God" contrasts with the lifeless idols worshiped by surrounding nations. The Hebrew word for "living" is חַי (chai), emphasizing God's active, dynamic presence. This phrase reassures the Israelites that their God is not only alive but actively involved in their lives. It serves as a reminder of God's eternal nature and His ability to intervene in human history, as He had done in Egypt and throughout their wilderness journey.

is among you
The phrase "is among you" underscores God's immanence, His presence with His people. The Hebrew word בְּקֶרֶב (beqerev) means "in the midst of." This assurance of God's presence was crucial for the Israelites as they faced the daunting task of conquering Canaan. It echoes God's promise to Moses in Exodus 33:14, "My Presence will go with you, and I will give you rest." This presence is a source of comfort and strength, affirming that they are not alone in their endeavors.

and that He will surely drive out
The certainty of God's action is emphasized by the word "surely." The Hebrew root for "drive out" is יָרַשׁ (yarash), which means to dispossess or take possession. This promise of divine intervention assures the Israelites of victory over the inhabitants of the land. It reflects God's covenant promise to Abraham in Genesis 15:18-21, where He pledged to give his descendants the land of Canaan.

before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites
These seven nations represent the formidable opposition the Israelites would face in Canaan. Each group had its own established culture and military strength. The mention of these specific nations highlights the magnitude of the task ahead and the miraculous nature of the promised victory. Historically, these nations were known for their fortified cities and advanced warfare, making the promise of their defeat a testament to God's power. The listing of these nations also serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness to His promises, as He had foretold their displacement in Exodus 23:23. This assurance would inspire confidence and courage among the Israelites as they prepared to enter the land God had promised them.

Behold
The word "Behold" is a call to attention, urging the listener or reader to focus on what is about to be revealed. In the Hebrew text, the word is "הִנֵּה" (hinneh), which serves as an imperative to observe something significant. This word is often used in Scripture to introduce divine actions or important revelations. It invites the audience to witness the unfolding of God's plan, emphasizing the importance of the moment. In the context of Joshua 3:11, it prepares the Israelites to witness a miraculous event, underscoring the gravity and divine orchestration of what is to come.

the ark of the covenant
The "ark of the covenant" is central to Israel's worship and identity. In Hebrew, it is "אֲרוֹן הַבְּרִית" (aron habrit), literally meaning the chest or box of the covenant. The ark symbolizes God's presence among His people and contains the tablets of the Law, Aaron's rod, and a pot of manna. It represents God's promises and His faithfulness to Israel. Historically, the ark was carried by the Levites and led the people during their journeys, signifying God's guidance and protection. In this passage, the ark's movement signifies God's direct involvement in leading Israel into the Promised Land.

of the Lord of all the earth
This phrase emphasizes God's sovereignty and universal dominion. The Hebrew term for "Lord" is "יְהוָה" (YHWH), the sacred name of God, often rendered as "LORD" in English translations. "Of all the earth" highlights that God's authority is not limited to Israel but extends over the entire world. This declaration reassures the Israelites of God's supreme power and control over creation, reinforcing their trust in His ability to fulfill His promises. It serves as a reminder that the God who leads them is the Creator and Ruler of all, capable of overcoming any obstacle.

is going to cross
The phrase "is going to cross" indicates an imminent action. In Hebrew, the verb "עֹבֵר" (over) conveys the idea of passing over or through. This action is not just a physical crossing but a spiritual and covenantal transition. It signifies a movement from the wilderness into the Promised Land, a fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The crossing of the Jordan River is a pivotal moment in Israel's history, marking the beginning of a new chapter in their relationship with God and their journey as His chosen people.

ahead of you
The phrase "ahead of you" underscores God's leadership and initiative. In Hebrew, "לִפְנֵיכֶם" (lifneichem) means "before you" or "in front of you." This assures the Israelites that God Himself is leading the way, going before them to prepare the path. It is a powerful reminder of God's role as a shepherd and guide, ensuring that His people are not alone in their journey. This divine leadership provides comfort and confidence, as the Israelites can trust that God is actively involved in their conquest of the land, clearing obstacles and ensuring their success.

Now choose twelve men
This phrase marks a significant moment of preparation and selection. The number twelve is symbolic throughout the Bible, often representing completeness or the people of God, as seen in the twelve tribes of Israel and the twelve apostles. The Hebrew root for "choose" (בָּחַר, bachar) implies a careful selection, indicating that these men were chosen for a specific and divine purpose. This act of choosing reflects God's sovereignty and the importance of leadership and representation among His people.

from the tribes of Israel
The mention of "tribes of Israel" emphasizes the unity and collective identity of the Israelites. Each tribe had its unique characteristics and roles, yet they were all part of God's covenant community. Historically, the tribes were descendants of the twelve sons of Jacob, and their mention here underscores the continuity of God's promises from the patriarchs to the present generation. This selection from each tribe signifies inclusivity and the shared responsibility in the unfolding of God's plan.

one from each tribe
This phrase reinforces the idea of equal representation and participation among the tribes. It highlights the importance of unity and cooperation in achieving God's purposes. The act of selecting one man from each tribe ensures that all tribes have a stake in the miraculous crossing of the Jordan River, fostering a sense of communal involvement and accountability. This also prefigures the New Testament concept of the body of Christ, where each member has a unique role yet contributes to the whole.

And when the soles of the feet of the priests
The phrase "soles of the feet" emphasizes the physical act of stepping into the water, symbolizing faith in action. The priests, as spiritual leaders, are the first to step into the Jordan, demonstrating trust in God's promise. In Hebrew, "soles" (כַּפּוֹת, kaphot) can also imply the base or foundation, suggesting that the priests' faith is foundational for the miracle to occur. This act of stepping into the water is a powerful image of obedience and trust, setting an example for the Israelites to follow.

carrying the ark of the LORD
The Ark of the Covenant represents God's presence among His people. It is not merely a religious artifact but a symbol of the divine covenant and guidance. The Hebrew word for "ark" (אֲרוֹן, aron) signifies a chest or container, but in this context, it is the sacred vessel containing the tablets of the Law, Aaron's rod, and manna. The priests carrying the ark signify that God's presence leads the way, and His promises are central to the Israelites' journey.

the Lord of all the earth
This title for God underscores His sovereignty and authority over all creation. The Hebrew word for "Lord" (אֲדוֹן, Adon) conveys mastery and ownership, while "earth" (אֶרֶץ, eretz) refers to the entire world. By declaring God as the "Lord of all the earth," the text affirms His power to control natural elements, such as the waters of the Jordan, and His rightful dominion over all nations and lands.

touch the waters of the Jordan
The Jordan River is a significant geographical and spiritual boundary for the Israelites. "Touch" (נָגַע, naga) implies contact and influence, suggesting that the mere presence of the ark, carried by the priests, is enough to initiate the miracle. The Jordan River, often a symbol of transition and purification, becomes the stage for God's power to manifest, marking the Israelites' entry into the Promised Land.

the flowing waters will be cut off
This phrase describes the miraculous intervention of God in nature. "Flowing waters" (מֵי הַיַּרְדֵּן, mei ha-yarden) indicates the natural, continuous movement of the river, which is suddenly halted. "Cut off" (נִכְרָתוּ, nikratu) suggests a decisive action, as if the waters are severed or divided. This act recalls the parting of the Red Sea, reinforcing God's ability to make a way where there seems to be none, and His faithfulness in fulfilling His promises.

and stand up in a heap
The imagery of waters standing "in a heap" (נֵד אֶחָד, ned echad) is both awe-inspiring and indicative of divine intervention. The Hebrew word "heap" suggests a piling up, as if the waters are gathered and held back by an invisible hand. This miraculous event serves as a testament to God's power and a sign to the Israelites and surrounding nations of His presence and favor with His people. It is a moment of divine revelation, where the natural order is suspended to fulfill God's purposes.

So when the people broke camp
The phrase "broke camp" signifies a moment of transition and readiness. In Hebrew, the word for "broke" can be associated with the idea of pulling up tent pegs, symbolizing a readiness to move forward. This action reflects the Israelites' obedience and willingness to follow God's command. Historically, this moment marks a significant shift from wandering in the wilderness to entering the Promised Land, a fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham. It is a reminder of the importance of preparation and faith in God's timing.

to cross the Jordan
The Jordan River represents a formidable barrier between the Israelites and the Promised Land. In Hebrew, "Jordan" means "descender," reflecting the river's descent from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea. Crossing the Jordan is symbolic of leaving behind the old life and entering into a new covenant relationship with God. This act of crossing is a testament to God's power and faithfulness, as He miraculously parts the waters, echoing the earlier crossing of the Red Sea. It serves as a metaphor for spiritual renewal and the journey of faith.

the priests carrying the ark of the covenant
The "priests" are the spiritual leaders of Israel, chosen to carry the "ark of the covenant," which is the most sacred object in Israelite worship. The ark, constructed according to God's specific instructions, contains the tablets of the Law, Aaron's rod, and a pot of manna. It symbolizes God's presence, guidance, and covenant with His people. The priests' role in carrying the ark underscores the importance of spiritual leadership and the centrality of God's presence in the life of the community. This act of carrying the ark ahead of the people signifies that God leads His people and that His presence goes before them in all their endeavors.

went ahead of them
The phrase "went ahead of them" highlights the leadership role of the priests and the ark. In Hebrew culture, going ahead signifies leading and guiding. This action demonstrates that God, represented by the ark, is leading the way into the Promised Land. It is a powerful image of divine guidance and protection, assuring the Israelites that they are not alone in their journey. This leadership is a call to trust in God's direction and to follow His lead with confidence and faith. It serves as an inspiration for believers to allow God to lead their lives, trusting in His wisdom and provision.

Now the Jordan
The Jordan River is a significant geographical and spiritual landmark in the Bible. Its name in Hebrew, "Yarden," means "descender," reflecting its descent from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea. The Jordan represents a boundary and a transition, symbolizing the crossing from the wilderness into the Promised Land. This river is a place of divine intervention and miracles, as seen in the crossing led by Joshua and later in the baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist.

overflows its banks
The phrase indicates the natural flooding of the Jordan River during the harvest season, which is typically in the spring. This overflow is due to the melting snow from Mount Hermon, causing the river to swell beyond its usual boundaries. The overflowing banks present a formidable obstacle, emphasizing the miraculous nature of Israel's crossing. It underscores God's power to overcome natural barriers and His ability to provide a way where there seems to be none.

throughout the harvest season
The harvest season, particularly the barley harvest, occurs around March to April. This timing is significant because it marks a period of renewal and provision. Spiritually, it signifies a time of reaping what has been sown, a theme that resonates with the Israelites entering a land promised to them by God. The harvest season is a reminder of God's faithfulness and the abundance He provides to His people.

But as soon as the priests
The priests play a crucial role as leaders and mediators between God and the people. Their involvement in carrying the Ark of the Covenant signifies the presence of God going before the Israelites. The phrase highlights the importance of spiritual leadership and obedience in the face of daunting challenges. It is a call to trust in God's appointed leaders and His divine plan.

carrying the ark
The Ark of the Covenant is a sacred chest that holds the tablets of the Law, Aaron's rod, and manna. It represents God's covenant with Israel and His presence among them. The act of carrying the ark into the Jordan signifies bringing God's promises and His presence into the challenges faced by His people. It is a powerful symbol of faith and reliance on God's guidance.

reached the Jordan
The moment the priests reach the Jordan is a pivotal point of action and faith. It signifies the transition from waiting on the banks to stepping into the waters. This act of faith is necessary for the miracle to occur, illustrating the principle that faith often requires action. It is a reminder that God's promises often require us to step out in faith, trusting Him to make a way.

and their feet touched the water’s edge
The touching of the water's edge by the priests' feet is a moment of contact between the divine promise and human action. It is the point where faith meets reality, and God's power is about to be revealed. This act symbolizes the threshold of a new beginning, where the Israelites are about to witness God's miraculous provision. It encourages believers to step out in faith, trusting that God will meet them at the point of their need.

the waters flowing downstream
This phrase refers to the Jordan River, which was at flood stage during the Israelites' crossing. The Hebrew word for "waters" is "מַיִם" (mayim), often symbolizing chaos and danger in ancient Near Eastern cultures. The miraculous halting of these waters signifies God's sovereign control over creation, echoing the parting of the Red Sea in Exodus. This act reassures the Israelites of God's continued presence and power as they enter the Promised Land.

stood still and rose up in a heap
The Hebrew word for "stood still" is "עָמַד" (amad), meaning to stand firm or remain. This miraculous event is a testament to God's intervention, as the waters defy natural laws by piling up. The imagery of water "rising in a heap" is reminiscent of God's mighty acts in the past, reinforcing His unchanging nature and faithfulness to His promises.

a great distance away, at Adam
The city of Adam is mentioned here as the location where the waters were stopped. Archaeologically, Adam is identified with Tell ed-Damiyeh, located approximately 18 miles upstream from where the Israelites crossed. This detail underscores the precision of God's miracle, as the waters were halted far enough upstream to allow the entire nation to cross safely.

the city beside Zarethan
Zarethan is another geographical marker, helping to pinpoint the location of the miracle. Historically, Zarethan is associated with the region of the Jordan Valley. The mention of these specific locations serves to authenticate the historical reliability of the biblical narrative, providing tangible evidence of God's intervention in history.

The waters flowing down to the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt Sea)
The "Sea of the Arabah" refers to the Dead Sea, known for its high salinity and lifelessness. The Hebrew term "עֲרָבָה" (arabah) denotes a desert or wilderness area, highlighting the barrenness of the region. The cutting off of waters to this sea symbolizes a divine interruption of natural processes, emphasizing God's authority over the physical world.

were completely cut off
The phrase "completely cut off" indicates a total cessation of water flow, a miraculous event that allowed the Israelites to cross on dry ground. The Hebrew word "נִכְרָתוּ" (nikratu) implies a decisive action, reflecting God's power to alter the natural order for the sake of His people. This act of divine intervention is a powerful reminder of God's ability to provide a way where there seems to be none.

and the people crossed over
The crossing of the Jordan River marks a pivotal moment in Israel's history, symbolizing the transition from wilderness wandering to the fulfillment of God's promise. The Hebrew word "עָבַר" (avar) means to pass over or through, signifying not only a physical crossing but also a spiritual journey of faith and obedience.

opposite Jericho
Jericho, a fortified city, represents the first major challenge in the conquest of Canaan. The Israelites' crossing opposite Jericho foreshadows the impending battles and victories that God will secure for them. This strategic location underscores the theme of divine guidance and preparation, as God leads His people into the land He has promised.

The priests carrying the ark of the covenant of the LORD
This phrase highlights the central role of the priests and the Ark of the Covenant in Israel's journey. The Ark, a sacred chest containing the tablets of the Law, symbolizes God's presence and covenant with His people. The Hebrew word for "ark" is "aron," which signifies a chest or box, but in this context, it is a powerful symbol of divine presence. The priests, as mediators between God and the people, carry this sacred object, emphasizing their role in leading the nation spiritually and physically. Historically, the Ark was central to Israel's worship and identity, representing God's promises and His guiding presence.

stood firmly on dry ground
The phrase "stood firmly" indicates stability and assurance. The Hebrew root "amad" conveys the idea of standing or remaining steadfast. This act of standing on "dry ground" is miraculous, as the Jordan River was at flood stage (Joshua 3:15). The dry ground signifies God's supernatural intervention, reminiscent of the parting of the Red Sea. It underscores God's power to make a way where there seems to be none, providing a foundation of faith for the Israelites as they enter the Promised Land.

in the middle of the Jordan
The location "in the middle of the Jordan" is significant. It demonstrates God's control over nature, as the river's flow is halted to allow safe passage. The Jordan River, a natural barrier, becomes a path of deliverance. This central position also symbolizes God's presence in the midst of His people, providing a way through obstacles. Archaeologically, the Jordan River's geography and seasonal flooding patterns highlight the miraculous nature of this event, as such a crossing would be impossible without divine intervention.

while all Israel crossed over on dry ground
"All Israel" emphasizes the unity and collective experience of the nation. Every tribe and family participates in this miraculous crossing, reinforcing their identity as God's chosen people. The phrase "crossed over" (Hebrew "abar") signifies transition and transformation, moving from the wilderness into the land of promise. The repetition of "dry ground" highlights the miracle and God's provision, ensuring safe passage for the entire nation.

until the entire nation had crossed the Jordan
This phrase underscores the completeness of God's deliverance. "The entire nation" indicates that no one was left behind, reflecting God's inclusive care and faithfulness to His covenant promises. The crossing of the Jordan marks a pivotal moment in Israel's history, transitioning from wandering to possessing the land. It is a testament to God's faithfulness and the fulfillment of His promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. This event foreshadows the spiritual journey of believers, who, through faith, cross from death to life, from bondage to freedom, under the guidance and provision of God.