1 Timothy 5:19
New International Version
Do not entertain an accusation against an elder unless it is brought by two or three witnesses.

New Living Translation
Do not listen to an accusation against an elder unless it is confirmed by two or three witnesses.

English Standard Version
Do not admit a charge against an elder except on the evidence of two or three witnesses.

Berean Standard Bible
Do not entertain an accusation against an elder, except on the testimony of two or three witnesses.

Berean Literal Bible
Do not receive an accusation against an elder, except upon two or three witnesses.

King James Bible
Against an elder receive not an accusation, but before two or three witnesses.

New King James Version
Do not receive an accusation against an elder except from two or three witnesses.

New American Standard Bible
Do not accept an accusation against an elder except on the basis of two or three witnesses.

NASB 1995
Do not receive an accusation against an elder except on the basis of two or three witnesses.

NASB 1977
Do not receive an accusation against an elder except on the basis of two or three witnesses.

Legacy Standard Bible
Do not receive an accusation against an elder except on the basis of two or three witnesses.

Amplified Bible
Do not accept an accusation against an elder unless it is based on [the testimony of at least] two or three witnesses.

Christian Standard Bible
Don’t accept an accusation against an elder unless it is supported by two or three witnesses.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Don’t accept an accusation against an elder unless it is supported by two or three witnesses.

American Standard Version
Against an elder receive not an accusation, except at the mouth of two or three witnesses.

Contemporary English Version
Don't listen to any charge against a church leader, unless at least two or three people bring the same charges.

English Revised Version
Against an elder receive not an accusation, except at the mouth of two or three witnesses.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Don't pay attention to an accusation against a spiritual leader unless it is supported by two or three witnesses.

Good News Translation
Do not listen to an accusation against an elder unless it is brought by two or more witnesses.

International Standard Version
Do not accept an accusation against an elder unless it is supported "by two or three witnesses."

Majority Standard Bible
Do not entertain an accusation against an elder, except on the testimony of two or three witnesses.

NET Bible
Do not accept an accusation against an elder unless it can be confirmed by two or three witnesses.

New Heart English Bible
Do not receive an accusation against an elder, except at the word of two or three witnesses.

Webster's Bible Translation
Against an elder receive not an accusation, but before two or three witnesses.

Weymouth New Testament
Never entertain an accusation against an Elder except on the evidence of two of three witnesses.

World English Bible
Don’t receive an accusation against an elder except at the word of two or three witnesses.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Do not receive an accusation against an elder, except on two or three witnesses.

Berean Literal Bible
Do not receive an accusation against an elder, except upon two or three witnesses.

Young's Literal Translation
Against an elder an accusation receive not, except upon two or three witnesses.

Smith's Literal Translation
Against an elder receive not an accusation from without, except from two or three witnesses.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Against a priest receive not an accusation, but under two or three witnesses.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Do not be willing to accept an accusation against a priest, except under two or three witnesses.

New American Bible
Do not accept an accusation against a presbyter unless it is supported by two or three witnesses.

New Revised Standard Version
Never accept any accusation against an elder except on the evidence of two or three witnesses.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Do not accept an accusation against an elder unless it is supported by the testimony of two or three witnesses.

Aramaic Bible in Plain English
Do not accept an accusation against an Elder, but upon the mouth of two or three witnesses;
NT Translations
Anderson New Testament
Receive not an accusation against an old man, unless before two or three witnesses.

Godbey New Testament
Bring not an accusation against an elder, except before two or three witnesses.

Haweis New Testament
Against a presbyter receive not an accusation, except it be from two or three witnesses.

Mace New Testament
don't receive any accusation against a pastor, but upon the deposition of two or three witnesses.

Weymouth New Testament
Never entertain an accusation against an Elder except on the evidence of two of three witnesses.

Worrell New Testament
Against an elder receive not an accusation, except on the testimony of two or three witnesses.

Worsley New Testament
Receive not an accusation against an elder, unless from two or three witnesses.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Honoring Elders
18For the Scripture says, “Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain,” and, “The worker is worthy of his wages.” 19Do not entertain an accusation against an elder, except on the testimony of two or three witnesses. 20But those who persist in sin should be rebuked in front of everyone, so that the others will stand in fear of sin.…

Cross References
Deuteronomy 19:15
A lone witness is not sufficient to establish any wrongdoing or sin against a man, regardless of what offense he may have committed. A matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.

Matthew 18:16
But if he will not listen, take one or two others along, so that ‘every matter may be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.’

John 8:17
Even in your own Law it is written that the testimony of two men is valid.

2 Corinthians 13:1
This is the third time I am coming to you. “Every matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.”

Numbers 35:30
If anyone kills a person, the murderer is to be put to death on the testimony of the witnesses. But no one is to be put to death based on the testimony of a lone witness.

Hebrews 10:28
Anyone who rejected the law of Moses died without mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses.

Acts 23:9
A great clamor arose, and some scribes from the party of the Pharisees got up and contended sharply, “We find nothing wrong with this man. What if a spirit or an angel has spoken to him?”

Matthew 18:15-17
If your brother sins against you, go and confront him privately. If he listens to you, you have won your brother over. / But if he will not listen, take one or two others along, so that ‘every matter may be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.’ / If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church. And if he refuses to listen even to the church, regard him as you would a pagan or a tax collector.

1 Corinthians 5:12-13
What business of mine is it to judge those outside the church? Are you not to judge those inside? / God will judge those outside. “Expel the wicked man from among you.”

Proverbs 25:9-10
Argue your case with your neighbor without betraying another’s confidence, / lest the one who hears may disgrace you, and your infamy never go away.

Leviticus 19:15
You must not pervert justice; you must not show partiality to the poor or favoritism to the rich; you are to judge your neighbor fairly.

Proverbs 18:17
The first to state his case seems right until another comes and cross-examines him.

Exodus 23:1
“You shall not spread a false report. Do not join the wicked by being a malicious witness.

1 Corinthians 6:1-6
If any of you has a grievance against another, how dare he go to law before the unrighteous instead of before the saints! / Do you not know that the saints will judge the world? And if you are to judge the world, are you not competent to judge trivial cases? / Do you not know that we will judge angels? How much more the things of this life! ...

Luke 19:8
But Zacchaeus stood up and said to the Lord, “Look, Lord, half of my possessions I give to the poor, and if I have cheated anyone, I will repay it fourfold.”


Treasury of Scripture

Against an elder receive not an accusation, but before two or three witnesses.

receive.

John 18:29
Pilate then went out unto them, and said, What accusation bring ye against this man?

Acts 24:2-13
And when he was called forth, Tertullus began to accuse him, saying, Seeing that by thee we enjoy great quietness, and that very worthy deeds are done unto this nation by thy providence, …

Acts 25:16
To whom I answered, It is not the manner of the Romans to deliver any man to die, before that he which is accused have the accusers face to face, and have licence to answer for himself concerning the crime laid against him.

before.

Deuteronomy 17:6
At the mouth of two witnesses, or three witnesses, shall he that is worthy of death be put to death; but at the mouth of one witness he shall not be put to death.

Deuteronomy 19:15,18,19
One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he sinneth: at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established…

Matthew 18:16
But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established.

Jump to Previous
Accusation Admit Authority Basis Charge Elder Entertain Evidence Except Mouth Receive Statement Three True. Unless Witness Witnesses Word
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Accusation Admit Authority Basis Charge Elder Entertain Evidence Except Mouth Receive Statement Three True. Unless Witness Witnesses Word
1 Timothy 5
1. Rules to be observed in reproving.
3. Of widows.
17. Of elders.
23. A precept for Timothy's health.
24. Some men's sins go before unto judgment, and some men's follow after.














Do not entertain
The Greek word used here is "παραδέχομαι" (paradechomai), which means to accept or receive. In the context of the early church, this instruction emphasizes the importance of discernment and caution. Elders held positions of spiritual authority and leadership, and thus, accusations against them could have significant implications. The directive to not "entertain" suggests a need for careful consideration and avoidance of hasty judgments, reflecting a broader biblical principle of justice and fairness.

an accusation
The term "κατηγορία" (katēgoria) in Greek refers to a formal charge or accusation. In the historical context of the early church, accusations could arise from personal grievances or misunderstandings. The instruction here underscores the seriousness of bringing a charge against a leader, highlighting the need for substantiated claims rather than rumors or unfounded allegations. This aligns with the biblical call to uphold truth and integrity within the community of believers.

against an elder
The word "πρεσβύτερος" (presbyteros) is used for "elder," indicating a person of authority and respect within the church. Elders were responsible for teaching, guiding, and shepherding the congregation. The role of an elder was not only a position of leadership but also one of moral and spiritual example. This phrase emphasizes the need to protect the reputation and integrity of those in leadership, recognizing their vital role in the spiritual health of the church.

except on the testimony
The Greek "ἐκτός" (ektos) means "except" or "unless," introducing a condition that must be met for an accusation to be considered. This condition serves as a safeguard against false or malicious claims, ensuring that any charge brought forward is credible and supported by evidence. The emphasis on "testimony" reflects the biblical principle of establishing truth through reliable witnesses, as seen in both Old and New Testament teachings.

of two or three witnesses
This phrase echoes the legal standards found in Deuteronomy 19:15, where the testimony of two or three witnesses is required to establish a matter. The use of "δύο" (duo) and "τρεῖς" (treis) underscores the need for corroboration and verification. In the early church, this standard protected both the accused and the accuser, promoting justice and preventing the spread of false accusations. It reflects a commitment to truth and fairness, ensuring that decisions are based on solid evidence rather than hearsay.

(19) Against an elder receive not an accusation, but before two or three witnesses.--By the "elder" here we must understand a presbyter--the ordained minister of the Church. St. Paul has been directing his son in the faith, and successor in the government of the chief Asian Church, carefully to watch for, and to reward by dignity and honour, the services of the more zealous and distinguished presbyters. He now tells him that the other matters, besides zeal and successful service among the Church's professed officers, will come before him when he stands at the helm of the Church. Charges--owing, possibly, to jealousy, party feeling, suspected doctrinal error--will not unfrequently be brought against a presbyter. Such an accusation is only to be received by Timothy when the evidence is perfectly clear. Every possible precaution against simply vexatious charges brought against one occupying the hard and difficult position of a presbyter, must be taken by the presiding minister. The reference is to Deuteronomy 17:6.

Verse 19. - Except at the mouth of for but before, A.V. An elder; here clearly a presbyter, as the context proves. Receive (παραδέχου); give ear to, entertain; as in Acts 22:18, "They will not receive thy testimony." At the mouth of, etc. There is a reference to the law in Numbers 35:30; Deuteronomy 19:15, and elsewhere (to which our Lord also refers, John 8:17), and St. Paul applies the principle of the law to Timothy's dealings with presbyters who might be accused of not "ruling well." He was not to encourage delatores, secret accusers and defamers, but if any one had a charge to make against a ruler, it was to be done in the presence of witnesses (ἐπί with a genitive). A doubt arises whether" the witnesses" here spoken of were to be witnesses able to support the accusation, or merely witnesses in whose presence the accusation must be made. The juxtaposition of the legal terms κατηγορία and ἐπὶ μαρτύρων favors the strict meaning of μαρτύρων, witnesses able to support the κατηγορία. And, therefore, the direction to Timothy is, "Suffer no man to accuse a presbyter unless he is accompanied by two or three witnesses who are ready to back up the accusation." The italic the mouth of, in the R.V., is not necessary or indeed justified. There is no ellipsis of στόματος. Ἐτὶ δύο ῃ} τριῶν῞ μαρτύρων, "before two or three witnesses," is good classical Greek.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Greek
{Do} not
μὴ (mē)
Adverb
Strong's 3361: Not, lest. A primary particle of qualified negation; not, lest; also (whereas ou expects an affirmative one) whether.

entertain
παραδέχου (paradechou)
Verb - Present Imperative Middle or Passive - 2nd Person Singular
Strong's 3858: To receive, accept, acknowledge. From para and dechomai; to accept near, i.e. Admit or delight in.

an accusation
κατηγορίαν (katēgorian)
Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular
Strong's 2724: An accusation, charge. From kategoros; a complaint, i.e. Criminal charge.

against
Κατὰ (Kata)
Preposition
Strong's 2596: A primary particle; down, in varied relations (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined).

an elder,
πρεσβυτέρου (presbyterou)
Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 4245: Comparative of presbus; older; as noun, a senior; specially, an Israelite Sanhedrist or Christian 'presbyter'.

except
ἐκτὸς (ektos)
Adverb
Strong's 1622: From ek; the exterior; figuratively aside from, besides.

on [the testimony of]
ἐπὶ (epi)
Preposition
Strong's 1909: On, to, against, on the basis of, at.

two
δύο (dyo)
Adjective - Genitive Masculine Plural
Strong's 1417: Two. A primary numeral; 'two'.

or
(ē)
Conjunction
Strong's 2228: Or, than. A primary particle of distinction between two connected terms; disjunctive, or; comparative, than.

three
τριῶν (triōn)
Adjective - Genitive Masculine Plural
Strong's 5140: Three. Or neuter tria a primary number; 'three'.

witnesses.
μαρτύρων (martyrōn)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural
Strong's 3144: A witness (judicially) or figuratively (genitive case); by analogy, a 'martyr'.


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NT Letters: 1 Timothy 5:19 Don't receive an accusation against an elder (1 Tim. 1Ti iTi 1tim i Tm)
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