1 Chronicles 4:4
New International Version
Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and father of Bethlehem.

New Living Translation
Penuel (the father of Gedor), and Ezer (the father of Hushah). These were the descendants of Hur (the firstborn of Ephrathah), the ancestor of Bethlehem.

English Standard Version
and Penuel fathered Gedor, and Ezer fathered Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem.

Berean Standard Bible
Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem.

King James Bible
And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah, the father of Bethlehem.

New King James Version
and Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah the father of Bethlehem.

New American Standard Bible
Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem.

NASB 1995
Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem.

NASB 1977
And Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem.

Legacy Standard Bible
Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem.

Amplified Bible
Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the eldest of Ephrathah (Ephrath), the father of Bethlehem.

Christian Standard Bible
Penuel fathered Gedor, and Ezer fathered Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, Ephrathah’s firstborn and the father of Bethlehem:

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Penuel fathered Gedor, and Ezer fathered Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, Ephrathah’s firstborn and the father of Bethlehem:

American Standard Version
and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephrathah, the father of Beth-lehem.

English Revised Version
and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Beth-lehem.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, who first settled Bethlehem.

International Standard Version
Penuel fathered Gedor and Ezer fathered Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, Ephrathah's firstborn, who fathered Bethlehem:

Majority Standard Bible
Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem.

NET Bible
Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem.

New Heart English Bible
and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem.

Webster's Bible Translation
And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephratah, the father of Beth-lehem.

World English Bible
Penuel was the father of Gedor and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and Penuel [is] father of Gedor, and Ezer father of Hushah. These [are] sons of Hur, firstborn of Ephratah, father of Beth-Lehem.

Young's Literal Translation
and Penuel is father of Gedor, and Ezer father of Hushah. These are sons of Hur, first-born of Ephratah, father of Beth-Lehem.

Smith's Literal Translation
And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephratah, the father of the house of bread.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And Phanuel the father of Gedor, and Ezar the father of Hosa, these are the sons of Hur the firstborn of Ephratha the father of Bethlehem.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Now Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratha, the father of Bethlehem.

New American Bible
Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem.

New Revised Standard Version
and Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Pegoael and Hoshiah, these are the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephratah, whose father was of Beth-lehem.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Peguyel and Khushiya, and these are the sons of Khur, the firstborn of Aphrath, whose father was from Bayth Lekhem.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur the first-born of Ephrath, the father of Beth-lehem.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And Phanuel the father of Gedor, and Jazer the father of Osan: these are the sons of Or, the first-born of Ephratha, the father of Baethalaen.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Other Descendants of Judah
3These were the sons of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. And their sister was named Hazzelelponi. 4Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem. 5Ashhur the father of Tekoa had two wives, Helah and Naarah.…

Cross References
Genesis 29:35
And once more she conceived and gave birth to a son and said, “This time I will praise the LORD.” So she named him Judah. Then Leah stopped having children.

Genesis 35:23
The sons of Leah were Reuben the firstborn of Jacob, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun.

Genesis 46:12
The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez, and Zerah; but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan. The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul.

Ruth 4:18-22
Now these are the generations of Perez: Perez was the father of Hezron, / Hezron was the father of Ram, Ram was the father of Amminadab, / Amminadab was the father of Nahshon, Nahshon was the father of Salmon, ...

Matthew 1:2-3
Abraham was the father of Isaac, Isaac the father of Jacob, and Jacob the father of Judah and his brothers. / Judah was the father of Perez and Zerah by Tamar, Perez the father of Hezron, and Hezron the father of Ram.

Luke 3:33
the son of Amminadab, the son of Admin, the son of Arni, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez, the son of Judah,

Genesis 38:29-30
But when he pulled his hand back and his brother came out, she said, “You have broken out first!” So he was named Perez. / Then his brother came out with the scarlet thread around his wrist, and he was named Zerah.

Numbers 26:20-21
These were the descendants of Judah by their clans: The Shelanite clan from Shelah, the Perezite clan from Perez, and the Zerahite clan from Zerah. / And these were the descendants of Perez: the Hezronite clan from Hezron and the Hamulite clan from Hamul.

Joshua 15:20-21
This is the inheritance of the clans of the tribe of Judah. / These were the southernmost cities of the tribe of Judah in the Negev toward the border of Edom: Kabzeel, Eder, Jagur,

1 Samuel 16:1
Now the LORD said to Samuel, “How long are you going to mourn for Saul, since I have rejected him as king over Israel? Fill your horn with oil and go. I am sending you to Jesse of Bethlehem, for I have selected from his sons a king for Myself.”

2 Samuel 2:4
Then the men of Judah came to Hebron, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, “It was the men of Jabesh-gilead who buried Saul.”

2 Samuel 5:1-3
Then all the tribes of Israel came to David at Hebron and said, “Here we are, your own flesh and blood. / Even in times past, while Saul was king over us, you were the one who led Israel out and brought them back. And to you the LORD said, ‘You will shepherd My people Israel, and you will be ruler over them.’” / So all the elders of Israel came to the king at Hebron, where King David made with them a covenant before the LORD. And they anointed him king over Israel.

1 Kings 2:11
The length of David’s reign over Israel was forty years—seven years in Hebron and thirty-three years in Jerusalem.

1 Chronicles 2:3-4
The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, and Shelah. These three were born to him by Bath-shua the Canaanite. Er, Judah’s firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD. So the LORD put him to death. / Tamar, Judah’s daughter-in-law, bore to him Perez and Zerah. Judah had five sons in all.

1 Chronicles 2:9-15
The sons who were born to Hezron: Jerahmeel, Ram, and Caleb. / Ram was the father of Amminadab, and Amminadab was the father of Nahshon, a leader of the descendants of Judah. / Nahshon was the father of Salmon, and Salmon was the father of Boaz. ...


Treasury of Scripture

And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah, the father of Bethlehem.

Gedor.

1 Chronicles 4:18,39
And his wife Jehudijah bare Jered the father of Gedor, and Heber the father of Socho, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah. And these are the sons of Bithiah the daughter of Pharaoh, which Mered took…

Joshua 15:36
And Sharaim, and Adithaim, and Gederah, and Gederothaim; fourteen cities with their villages:

Hur.

1 Chronicles 2:19,50
And when Azubah was dead, Caleb took unto him Ephrath, which bare him Hur…

Jump to Previous
Bethlehem Beth-Lehem Descendants Ephratah Ephrath Ephrathah Eph'rathah Ezer Firstborn First-Born Gedor Hur Oldest Penuel Penu'el
Jump to Next
Bethlehem Beth-Lehem Descendants Ephratah Ephrath Ephrathah Eph'rathah Ezer Firstborn First-Born Gedor Hur Oldest Penuel Penu'el
1 Chronicles 4
1. The posterity of Judah by Caleb, the son of Hur.
5. Of Ashur, the posthumous son Hezron.
9. Of Jabez, and his prayer.
11. The other families of the same stock.
21. The sons of Shelah.
24. The posterity and cities of Simeon.
39. Their conquest of Gedor, and of the Amalekites in mount Seir.














Penuel
The name "Penuel" means "face of God" in Hebrew. This name is significant in the biblical narrative, as it evokes the place where Jacob wrestled with God and saw Him face to face (Genesis 32:30). The mention of Penuel here may remind readers of the transformative encounters with God that shape destinies and lineages. It suggests a legacy of divine interaction and blessing.

was the father of Gedor
The phrase "was the father of" indicates lineage and heritage, a central theme in Chronicles. "Gedor" is a place name, meaning "wall" or "enclosure" in Hebrew. It signifies protection and strength, suggesting that Penuel's descendants were established in a place of security and fortification. This reflects God's provision and the establishment of His people in the land.

Ezer
"Ezer" means "help" or "aid" in Hebrew. This name is a reminder of God's role as a helper and sustainer. In the context of biblical genealogies, it underscores the importance of divine assistance in the continuation and prosperity of a family line. Ezer's mention here highlights the reliance on God for strength and support.

the father of Hushah
"Hushah" is a name that appears only here in the Bible, and its meaning is uncertain. However, the role of being a "father" emphasizes the continuation of a family line and the importance of legacy. It suggests that each generation has a role in God's unfolding plan, contributing to the larger narrative of His people.

These were the descendants of Hur
"Hur" is a significant figure, known as a companion of Moses and Aaron (Exodus 17:10). The mention of "descendants of Hur" connects this genealogy to a legacy of leadership and faithfulness. It serves as a reminder of the importance of spiritual heritage and the impact of godly ancestors on future generations.

the firstborn of Ephrathah
"Ephrathah" is another name for Bethlehem, and it means "fruitful" in Hebrew. The designation "firstborn" indicates preeminence and special status. This phrase highlights the significance of Bethlehem in biblical history, as the birthplace of King David and later, Jesus Christ. It underscores the theme of God's providence and the fulfillment of His promises through specific locations and lineages.

and the father of Bethlehem
"Bethlehem" means "house of bread" in Hebrew, a fitting name for the birthplace of Jesus, the Bread of Life. The phrase "father of Bethlehem" suggests foundational significance, as Bethlehem plays a crucial role in the messianic prophecy. This connection to Bethlehem emphasizes God's sovereign plan and the fulfillment of His redemptive purposes through history.

(4) And Penuel the father of Gedor.--Penuel occurs as a trans-Jordan town in Judges 8:8, and elsewhere. Here a Judean town or clan is meant.

Gedor.--See 1Chronicles 2:51, and Note; Joshua 15:58. Now the ruin called Jedur.

Ezer the father of Hushah.--Ezer occurs as a name of clans and localities, as well as of persons. (Comp. Judges 7:24, Abi-ezri; 1Chronicles 8:2, Abi-ezer; and 1Samuel 4:1, Eben-ezer.) In 1Chronicles 12:9 and Nehemiah 3:19 it is a man's name. . . .

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Penuel
וּפְנוּאֵל֙ (ū·p̄ə·nū·’êl)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 6439: Penuel -- 'face of God', a place East of the Jordan, also two Israelites

was the father
אֲבִ֣י (’ă·ḇî)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1: Father

of Gedor,
גְדֹ֔ר (ḡə·ḏōr)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1446: Gedor -- 'wall', three cities in Israel, also a Benjamite

and Ezer
וְעֵ֖זֶר (wə·‘ê·zer)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 5829: Ezer -- 'help', three Israelites

was the father of
אֲבִ֣י (’ă·ḇî)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1: Father

Hushah.
חוּשָׁ֑ה (ḥū·šāh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2364: Hushah -- perhaps a place in Judah

These
אֵ֤לֶּה (’êl·leh)
Pronoun - common plural
Strong's 428: These, those

were the descendants
בְנֵי־ (ḇə·nê-)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1121: A son

of Hur,
חוּר֙ (ḥūr)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2354: Hur -- four Israelites, also a Midianite

the firstborn
בְּכ֣וֹר (bə·ḵō·wr)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1060: Firstborn, chief

of Ephrath
אֶפְרָ֔תָה (’ep̄·rā·ṯāh)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 672: Ephrath -- an Israelite woman, also the name of several places in Palestine

and the father
אֲבִ֖י (’ă·ḇî)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1: Father

of Bethlehem:
לָֽחֶם׃ (lā·ḥem)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 1035: Bethlehem -- 'place of bread', a city in Judah, also a city in Zebulun


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OT History: 1 Chronicles 4:4 And Penuel the father of Gedor (1 Chron. 1Ch iCh i Ch 1 chr 1chr)
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