Acts 4:18

Then they called them in again and commanded them not to speak or teach at all in the name of Jesus.

Study Bible

Then they called them in again
This phrase indicates a repeated action, suggesting persistence and determination on the part of the authorities. The Greek word for "called" (προσκαλέω, proskaleō) implies a summoning with authority. Historically, this reflects the Sanhedrin's role as the Jewish ruling council, which held significant power over religious and civil matters. The apostles, Peter and John, were brought before this council, highlighting the tension between the early Christian movement and established Jewish authority.

and commanded them
The Greek word for "commanded" (παραγγέλλω, parangellō) conveys a strong directive, often used in military contexts. This underscores the authoritative and forceful nature of the Sanhedrin's order. The historical context reveals the Sanhedrin's concern over the growing influence of the apostles and their teachings, which they perceived as a threat to their religious authority and the status quo.

not to speak or teach
The prohibition against "speak or teach" emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the command. The Greek words for "speak" (λαλέω, laleō) and "teach" (διδάσκω, didaskō) cover both informal conversation and formal instruction. This reflects the Sanhedrin's attempt to suppress the spread of the Gospel by any means. Theologically, this highlights the early church's commitment to evangelism and the inevitable conflict with worldly powers that oppose the message of Christ.

at all
The phrase "at all" (μηδέ, mēde) intensifies the prohibition, indicating a total ban without exception. This reflects the Sanhedrin's desperation to halt the apostles' influence. From a scriptural perspective, this absolute prohibition contrasts with the apostles' divine mandate to spread the Gospel, as seen in the Great Commission (Matthew 28:19-20).

in the name of Jesus
The "name of Jesus" signifies authority and identity. In Jewish culture, a name carried deep significance, often reflecting character and mission. The Sanhedrin's specific prohibition against speaking in Jesus' name highlights their recognition of the power and authority associated with Jesus. Historically, this reflects the early church's central focus on Jesus as the Messiah and the source of salvation. Theologically, it underscores the transformative power of Jesus' name, which the apostles were compelled to proclaim despite opposition.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Peter and John
Apostles of Jesus Christ who were spreading the Gospel and performing miracles in His name.

2. Sanhedrin
The Jewish ruling council, consisting of religious leaders who were threatened by the apostles' teachings.

3. Jerusalem
The city where these events took place, a central location for early Christian activity.

4. The Healing of the Lame Man
The miracle that led to Peter and John's arrest and subsequent trial before the Sanhedrin.

5. The Name of Jesus
Central to the apostles' message and the source of their authority and power.

Teaching Points

Obedience to God Over Man
The apostles' response to the Sanhedrin's command highlights the importance of prioritizing God's commands over human authority when they conflict.

The Power of Jesus' Name
The Sanhedrin's fear of the apostles' teaching underscores the transformative and authoritative power inherent in the name of Jesus.

Courage in the Face of Persecution
Peter and John's boldness serves as an example for believers to stand firm in their faith, even when facing opposition.

The Role of the Holy Spirit
The apostles' ability to speak boldly and perform miracles is a testament to the empowering presence of the Holy Spirit in the life of a believer.

The Importance of Witnessing
Despite the threats, the apostles continued to witness for Christ, emphasizing the critical role of evangelism in the Christian life.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the response of Peter and John to the Sanhedrin's command challenge us in our own faith journey?

2. In what ways can we experience and demonstrate the power of Jesus' name in our daily lives?

3. How can we prepare ourselves to respond with boldness and grace when our faith is challenged?

4. What role does the Holy Spirit play in empowering us to witness for Christ, and how can we be more receptive to His guidance?

5. How can we balance obedience to earthly authorities with our ultimate allegiance to God's commands, especially in situations of conflict?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Acts 3:6-8
Describes the healing of the lame man, which led to the events in Acts 4:18.

Matthew 28:19-20
Jesus' Great Commission to His disciples to teach and baptize in His name, which Peter and John were fulfilling.

John 15:18-21
Jesus' warning that His followers would face persecution, which is evident in the apostles' experience.

Philippians 2:9-11
Highlights the power and authority in the name of Jesus, which the Sanhedrin sought to suppress.

1 Peter 3:15
Encourages believers to always be ready to give a defense for their faith, as Peter and John did.