Judges 11:1
New International Version
Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty warrior. His father was Gilead; his mother was a prostitute.

New Living Translation
Now Jephthah of Gilead was a great warrior. He was the son of Gilead, but his mother was a prostitute.

English Standard Version
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty warrior, but he was the son of a prostitute. Gilead was the father of Jephthah.

Berean Standard Bible
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valor; he was the son of a prostitute, and Gilead was his father.

King James Bible
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valour, and he was the son of an harlot: and Gilead begat Jephthah.

New King James Version
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valor, but he was the son of a harlot; and Gilead begot Jephthah.

New American Standard Bible
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a valiant warrior, but he was the son of a prostitute. And Gilead had fathered Jephthah.

NASB 1995
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a valiant warrior, but he was the son of a harlot. And Gilead was the father of Jephthah.

NASB 1977
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a valiant warrior, but he was the son of a harlot. And Gilead was the father of Jephthah.

Legacy Standard Bible
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valor, but he was the son of a harlot. And Gilead became the father of Jephthah.

Amplified Bible
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a brave warrior, but he was the son of a prostitute. Gilead was the father of Jephthah.

Christian Standard Bible
Jephthah the Gileadite was a valiant warrior, but he was the son of a prostitute, and Gilead was his father.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Jephthah the Gileadite was a great warrior, but he was the son of a prostitute, and Gilead was his father.

American Standard Version
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valor, and he was the son of a harlot: and Gilead begat Jephthah.

English Revised Version
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valour, and he was the son of an harlot: and Gilead begat Jephthah.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Jephthah was a soldier from the region of Gilead. Jephthah's father was named Gilead. His mother was a prostitute.

Good News Translation
Jephthah, a brave soldier from Gilead, was the son of a prostitute. His father Gilead

International Standard Version
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a valiant soldier, but he was also the son of a prostitute and Jephthah's father Gilead.

Majority Standard Bible
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valor; he was the son of a prostitute, and Gilead was his father.

NET Bible
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a brave warrior. His mother was a prostitute, but Gilead was his father.

New Heart English Bible
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valor, and he was the son of a prostitute. And Gilead became the father of Jephthah.

Webster's Bible Translation
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valor, and he was the son of a harlot: and Gilead begat Jephthah.

World English Bible
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valor. He was the son of a prostitute. Gilead became the father of Jephthah.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And Jephthah the Gileadite has been a mighty man of valor, and he [is the] son of a harlot woman; and Gilead begets Jephthah,

Young's Literal Translation
And Jephthah the Gileadite hath been a mighty man of valour, and he is son of a woman, a harlot; and Gilead begetteth Jephthah,

Smith's Literal Translation
And Jephthah the Gileadite was a man of strength, and he the son of a woman, a harlot And Gilead will beget Jephthah.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
There was at that time Jephte the Galaadite, a most valiant man and a warrior, the son of a woman that was a harlot, and his father was Galaad.

Catholic Public Domain Version
At that time, there was a Gileadite, Jephthah, a very strong man and a fighter, the son of a kept woman, and he was born of Gilead.

New American Bible
Jephthah the Gileadite was a warrior. He was the son of a prostitute, fathered by Gilead.

New Revised Standard Version
Now Jephthah the Gileadite, the son of a prostitute, was a mighty warrior. Gilead was the father of Jephthah.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
NOW Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valor, but he was the son of a harlot; and Gilead begat Jephthah.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Naphthakh the Geladite was a mighty man of power, and he was the son of a woman who was a whore, and Gelad begot Naphthakh
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valour, and he was the son of a harlot; and Gilead begot Jephthah.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And Jephthae the Galaadite was a mighty man; and he was the son of a harlot, who bore Jephthae to Galaad.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Jephthah Delivers Israel
1Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valor; he was the son of a prostitute, and Gilead was his father. 2And Gilead’s wife bore him sons who grew up, drove Jephthah out, and said to him, “You shall have no inheritance in our father’s house, because you are the son of another woman.”…

Cross References
Hebrews 11:32
And what more shall I say? Time will not allow me to tell of Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, David, Samuel, and the prophets,

1 Samuel 12:11
So the LORD sent Jerubbaal, Barak, Jephthah, and Samuel, and He delivered you from the hands of your enemies on every side, and you dwelt securely.

Judges 10:6-18
And again the Israelites did evil in the sight of the LORD. They served the Baals, the Ashtoreths, the gods of Aram, Sidon, and Moab, and the gods of the Ammonites and Philistines. Thus they forsook the LORD and did not serve Him. / So the anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and He sold them into the hands of the Philistines and Ammonites, / who that very year harassed and oppressed the Israelites, and they did so for eighteen years to all the Israelites on the other side of the Jordan in Gilead, the land of the Amorites. ...

2 Samuel 10:6-8
When the Ammonites realized that they had become a stench to David, they hired twenty thousand Aramean foot soldiers from Beth-rehob and Zoba, as well as a thousand men from the king of Maacah and twelve thousand men from Tob. / On hearing this, David sent Joab and the entire army of mighty men. / The Ammonites marched out and arrayed themselves for battle at the entrance of the city gate, while the Arameans of Zobah and Rehob and the men of Tob and Maacah were by themselves in the open country.

1 Chronicles 19:6-7
When the Ammonites realized that they had become a stench to David, Hanun and the Ammonites sent a thousand talents of silver to hire for themselves chariots and horsemen from Aram-naharaim, Aram-maacah, and Zobah. / So they hired for themselves thirty-two thousand chariots, as well as the king of Maacah with his troops, who came and camped near Medeba while the Ammonites were mustered from their cities and marched out for battle.

Genesis 21:10
and she said to Abraham, “Expel the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with my son Isaac!”

Genesis 25:1-4
Now Abraham had taken another wife, named Keturah, / and she bore him Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah. / Jokshan was the father of Sheba and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were the Asshurites, the Letushites, and the Leummites. ...

Deuteronomy 23:2
No one of illegitimate birth may enter the assembly of the LORD, nor may any of his descendants, even to the tenth generation.

1 Corinthians 1:27-29
But God chose the foolish things of the world to shame the wise; God chose the weak things of the world to shame the strong. / He chose the lowly and despised things of the world, and the things that are not, to nullify the things that are, / so that no one may boast in His presence.

Galatians 4:30
But what does the Scripture say? “Expel the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman’s son.”

Romans 9:10-12
Not only that, but Rebecca’s children were conceived by one man, our father Isaac. / Yet before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad, in order that God’s plan of election might stand, / not by works but by Him who calls, she was told, “The older will serve the younger.”

Matthew 1:5
Salmon was the father of Boaz by Rahab, Boaz the father of Obed by Ruth, Obed the father of Jesse,

John 4:9
“You are a Jew,” said the woman. “How can You ask for a drink from me, a Samaritan woman?” (For Jews do not associate with Samaritans.)

Acts 7:35
This Moses, whom they had rejected with the words, ‘Who made you ruler and judge?’ is the one whom God sent to be their ruler and redeemer through the angel who appeared to him in the bush.

1 Samuel 11:1-11
Then Nahash the Ammonite came up and laid siege to Jabesh-gilead. All the men of Jabesh said to him, “Make a treaty with us, and we will serve you.” / But Nahash the Ammonite replied, “I will make a treaty with you on one condition, that I may put out everyone’s right eye and bring reproach upon all Israel.” / “Hold off for seven days,” replied the elders of Jabesh, “and let us send messengers throughout Israel. If there is no one to save us, we will surrender to you.” ...


Treasury of Scripture

Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valor, and he was the son of an harlot: and Gilead begat Jephthah.

Jephthah

Hebrews 11:32
And what shall I more say? for the time would fail me to tell of Gedeon, and of Barak, and of Samson, and of Jephthae; of David also, and Samuel, and of the prophets:

called Jephthae.

Judges 6:12
And the angel of the LORD appeared unto him, and said unto him, The LORD is with thee, thou mighty man of valour.

2 Kings 5:1
Now Naaman, captain of the host of the king of Syria, was a great man with his master, and honourable, because by him the LORD had given deliverance unto Syria: he was also a mighty man in valour, but he was a leper.

an harlot.

Joshua 2:1
And Joshua the son of Nun sent out of Shittim two men to spy secretly, saying, Go view the land, even Jericho. And they went, and came into an harlot's house, named Rahab, and lodged there.

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Begat Begetteth Begot Harlot Jephthah Loose Mighty Mother Prostitute Valiant Valor Valour War Warrior
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Begat Begetteth Begot Harlot Jephthah Loose Mighty Mother Prostitute Valiant Valor Valour War Warrior
Judges 11
1. The covenant between Jephthah and the Gileadites, that he should lead
12. The treaty of peace between him and the Ammonites is in vain
29. Jephthah's vow
32. His conquest of the Ammonites
34. He performs his vow on his daughter.














Now Jephthah the Gileadite
The introduction of Jephthah as "the Gileadite" immediately places him within a specific tribal and geographical context. Gilead was a region east of the Jordan River, known for its balm and rugged terrain. The name "Jephthah" means "He opens" or "He will open," suggesting a divine purpose or destiny. This introduction sets the stage for Jephthah's role as a deliverer of Israel, despite his challenging beginnings. The Hebrew root of "Jephthah" (יִפְתָּח) implies liberation or breakthrough, which foreshadows his future actions as a judge of Israel.

was a mighty warrior
The phrase "mighty warrior" (גִּבּוֹר חַיִל, gibbor chayil) denotes not only physical strength and bravery but also a reputation for valor and leadership. In the context of the Book of Judges, where Israel repeatedly falls into oppression and needs deliverance, a "mighty warrior" is a crucial figure. This description aligns Jephthah with other notable leaders in Israel's history, such as Gideon and David, who were also described as "mighty warriors." It highlights God's use of individuals with exceptional abilities to fulfill His purposes, regardless of their backgrounds.

but he was the son of a prostitute
This phrase introduces a significant social stigma that Jephthah faced. In ancient Israelite society, being the son of a prostitute (זֹנָה, zonah) would have marginalized him and excluded him from full participation in the community. This detail emphasizes the theme of God's grace and redemption throughout Scripture, where God often chooses the unlikely and the outcast to accomplish His will. It also sets up the tension in Jephthah's story, as his lineage becomes a point of contention with his half-brothers and the elders of Gilead.

Gilead was his father
The mention of "Gilead" as his father ties Jephthah to a specific family lineage, despite his mother's status. This connection to Gilead, a prominent figure or clan in the region, suggests a legitimate claim to leadership and inheritance, which becomes a central issue in the narrative. The Hebrew understanding of "father" (אָב, av) extends beyond biological paternity to include notions of heritage, identity, and belonging. This phrase underscores the complexity of Jephthah's identity and the societal challenges he must overcome to fulfill his God-given role as a judge and deliverer of Israel.

(1) The son of an harlot.--The words are so rendered in all the versions, and can hardly have any other meaning. If an inferior wife had been meant, the word used would not have been zonah, but pilgesh, as in Judges 8:31. The word may, however, be used in the harsh sense of the brethren of Jephthah, without being strictly accurate. (Comp. 1Chronicles 2:26.)

Gilead begat Jephthah.--We are here met by the same questions as those which concern Tola and Jair. That Gilead is a proper name, not the name of the country mythically personified, may be regarded as certain. But is this Gilead the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, or some later Gilead? or does "begat" mean "was the ancestor of?" The answer to these questions depends mainly upon the insoluble problem of the chronology; but we may note (1) that since no other Gilead is mentioned, we should naturally infer that this is the grandson of Manasseh; and (2) that the fact referred to in the obscure genealogy of 1Chronicles 7:14-17 seems to show that the family of Manasseh had Syrian (Aramean) connections, and Jephthah's mother may have been an Aramitess from the district of Tob. The name Jephthah means "he opens" (the womb).

Verse 1. - Jephthah the Gileadite. Gilead has two meanings: it is the name of the country so called (Judges 10:8, note), and it is the name of the son or descendant of Machir the son of Manasseh (1 Chronicles 7:14, 17; Numbers 26:29, 30). Gileadite also may be explained in two ways: it may mean an inhabitant of Gilead (Judges 10:18), or it may mean a member of the family of the Gileadites, either an actual son or a more remote descendant of Gilead (Numbers 26:29) - two meanings which would usually coincide. Gilead begat Jephthah. Here Gilead must mean the person so called, i.e. the son or descendant of Machir, from whom the family, including Jephthah, were called Gileadites; but whether son or descendant cannot positively be affirmed. All that is certain is that he was that one of Maehir's descendants who was the head of that division of the Manassites who were called Gileadites. Again, when it is said Gilead begat Jephthah, we cannot be certain whether it is meant that Gilead was Jephthah's father, or merely his ancestor (see Judges 10:3, note).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Now Jephthah
וְיִפְתָּ֣ח (wə·yip̄·tāḥ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3316: Jephthah -- 'He opens', a Gileadite, also a city of Judah

the Gileadite
הַגִּלְעָדִ֗י (hag·gil·‘ā·ḏî)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1569: Gileadite -- a descendant of Gilead, also an inhabitant of Gilead

was
הָיָה֙ (hā·yāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be

a mighty
חַ֔יִל (ḥa·yil)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2428: A force, an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength

warrior;
גִּבּ֣וֹר (gib·bō·wr)
Adjective - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1368: Powerful, warrior, tyrant

he
וְה֖וּא (wə·hū)
Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1931: He, self, the same, this, that, as, are

was the son
בֶּן־ (ben-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1121: A son

of a prostitute,
זוֹנָ֑ה (zō·w·nāh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 2181: To commit adultery, to commit idolatry

and Gilead
גִּלְעָ֖ד (gil·‘āḏ)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 1568: Gilead -- a region in Palestine, also the name of several Israelites

was his
יִפְתָּֽח׃ (yip̄·tāḥ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3316: Jephthah -- 'He opens', a Gileadite, also a city of Judah

father.
וַיּ֥וֹלֶד (way·yō·w·leḏ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3205: To bear young, to beget, medically, to act as midwife, to show lineage


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OT History: Judges 11:1 Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty (Jd Judg. Jdg)
Judges 10:18
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