O LORD
The term "LORD" here is translated from the Hebrew "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, often vocalized as Yahweh. This name signifies God's eternal existence and His covenantal relationship with His people. In the context of this psalm, it reflects a personal plea to a God who is both transcendent and immanent, emphasizing the psalmist's intimate relationship with the Creator. The invocation of "O LORD" sets a tone of reverence and urgency, acknowledging God's sovereignty and the psalmist's dependence on Him.

do not rebuke me
The Hebrew word for "rebuke" is "yākah," which can mean to correct or reprove. In the ancient Near Eastern context, rebuke was often associated with a verbal correction or a call to repentance. The psalmist's plea here is not to avoid correction altogether but to seek a gentler form of it. This reflects a heart that is aware of its shortcomings and desires restoration without the harshness that might accompany divine anger.

in Your anger
The word "anger" is translated from the Hebrew "’aph," which literally means "nose" or "nostrils," metaphorically used to describe the flaring of nostrils in anger. This anthropomorphic expression conveys the intensity of God's righteous indignation against sin. The psalmist is acutely aware of the seriousness of divine anger and seeks mercy, understanding that God's anger, while just, is something to be feared and respected.

or discipline me
"Discipline" comes from the Hebrew "yāsar," which means to chasten or instruct. This term implies a corrective measure intended for growth and improvement. In the biblical context, discipline is seen as an act of love from God, who desires His people to walk in righteousness. The psalmist's request is not to avoid discipline but to be spared from its severity, recognizing the need for correction but hoping for it to be tempered with compassion.

in Your wrath
The Hebrew word for "wrath" is "ḥēmâ," which denotes a burning anger or fury. This term is often used in the Old Testament to describe God's response to sin and rebellion. The psalmist's plea highlights an understanding of the gravity of sin and the rightful response of a holy God. However, it also reflects a hope in God's mercy, trusting that His wrath can be mitigated by His love and grace.

Be merciful to me
The phrase "Be merciful to me" is a heartfelt plea from the psalmist, David, who is seeking God's compassion and grace. The Hebrew root for "merciful" is "חָנַן" (chanan), which conveys the idea of showing favor or grace. In the context of the Old Testament, mercy is a central attribute of God, often associated with His covenantal love and faithfulness. David's appeal here is not based on his own merit but on God's character. This plea reflects a deep understanding of human frailty and the need for divine intervention. Historically, this cry for mercy would resonate with the Israelites, who often found themselves in need of God's deliverance and forgiveness.

O LORD
The use of "O LORD" in this verse is significant. The term "LORD" in all capital letters is a translation of the Hebrew "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God revealed to Moses at the burning bush (Exodus 3:14). This name signifies God's eternal existence and His covenant relationship with His people. By invoking this name, David is not only acknowledging God's sovereignty but also His personal and relational nature. It is a reminder of the intimate relationship between God and His people, where they can approach Him with their deepest needs and concerns.

for I am frail
The phrase "for I am frail" captures the human condition of weakness and vulnerability. The Hebrew word used here is "אֻמְלַל" (umlal), which can be translated as weak, languishing, or feeble. David is acutely aware of his limitations and the fragility of human life. This acknowledgment of frailty is a common theme in the Psalms, where the psalmists often contrast human weakness with God's strength and faithfulness. In a historical context, this recognition of human frailty would resonate with the Israelites, who faced numerous challenges and adversities, reminding them of their dependence on God.

heal me
The plea "heal me" is a request for physical, emotional, or spiritual restoration. The Hebrew word "רָפָא" (rapha) means to heal or make whole. In the biblical context, healing is not just about physical recovery but encompasses a holistic restoration of the individual. This request reflects a deep trust in God's power to restore and renew. Throughout Scripture, God is depicted as the ultimate healer, one who can mend broken bodies, hearts, and spirits. This appeal for healing is a testament to the belief in God's ability to bring about complete restoration.

O LORD
The repetition of "O LORD" emphasizes the psalmist's earnestness and the centrality of God in his plea. It serves as a reminder of the personal and covenantal relationship between God and His people. By repeating this invocation, David underscores his reliance on God's character and promises. This repetition also highlights the importance of persistence in prayer, a theme that is echoed throughout the Psalms and the broader biblical narrative.

for my bones are in agony
The expression "for my bones are in agony" conveys intense physical and emotional distress. The Hebrew word for "agony" is "בָּהַל" (bahal), which can mean to be terrified or dismayed. The mention of "bones" signifies the depth of David's suffering, as bones are often used metaphorically in Scripture to represent the core of one's being. This vivid imagery reflects the severity of his condition and his desperate need for God's intervention. Historically, such expressions of deep anguish would resonate with the Israelites, who often faced existential threats and relied on God for deliverance and comfort. This phrase serves as a powerful reminder of the human experience of suffering and the hope for divine relief.

My soul
The phrase "my soul" in Hebrew is "נַפְשִׁי" (nafshi), which refers to the innermost being or life force of a person. In the biblical context, the soul encompasses the emotions, desires, and spiritual essence of an individual. David, the psalmist, is expressing a deep, personal anguish that affects his entire being. This highlights the intimate relationship between the believer and God, where one can pour out their deepest sorrows and fears to the Creator.

is deeply distressed
The Hebrew word for "deeply distressed" is "בָּהַל" (bahal), which conveys a sense of being troubled, terrified, or in turmoil. This word choice indicates an intense emotional state, suggesting that David is experiencing profound anxiety or fear. Historically, this could reflect a time of personal crisis or external threat, such as persecution or illness. Theologically, it underscores the human condition of vulnerability and the need for divine intervention and comfort.

How long
The phrase "how long" is a poignant cry found throughout the Psalms, often used in times of waiting for God's deliverance or intervention. It reflects a sense of urgency and impatience, a longing for relief from suffering. This question is not just a plea for temporal relief but also a spiritual inquiry into God's timing and purposes. It invites believers to trust in God's sovereignty and perfect timing, even when His plans are not immediately apparent.

O LORD?
The use of "O LORD" here is significant, as it invokes the covenant name of God, "Yahweh" (יהוה). This name emphasizes God's eternal, unchanging nature and His faithfulness to His promises. By addressing God in this way, David is appealing to God's character and His covenant relationship with His people. It is a reminder of the personal and relational aspect of faith, where believers can approach God with confidence, knowing He is both powerful and compassionate.

Turn, O LORD
The Hebrew word for "turn" is "שׁוּב" (shuv), which conveys a sense of returning or changing direction. In the context of this plea, David is earnestly asking God to turn His attention back to him, indicating a deep desire for divine intervention. The use of "O LORD" invokes the covenant name of God, Yahweh, emphasizing a personal relationship and a plea for God to act in accordance with His covenant promises. Historically, this reflects the ancient Israelite understanding of God as both transcendent and immanent, deeply involved in the lives of His people.

and deliver my soul
The word "deliver" comes from the Hebrew "חָלַץ" (chalats), meaning to draw out or rescue. This term is often used in the context of salvation from distress or danger. "My soul" (נֶפֶשׁ, nephesh) refers to the entirety of David's being, not just his spiritual life but his physical and emotional existence as well. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the soul was seen as the life force, and David's plea is for comprehensive salvation. This reflects a holistic view of God's salvation, encompassing all aspects of life.

save me
The Hebrew root "יָשַׁע" (yasha) is used here, which is the basis for the name "Jesus" (Yeshua), meaning "The LORD saves." This plea for salvation is not just about physical deliverance but also spiritual redemption. In the broader biblical narrative, this points to the ultimate salvation found in Christ, who fulfills the deepest longings for deliverance from sin and death.

because of Your loving devotion
The phrase "loving devotion" translates the Hebrew word "חֶסֶד" (chesed), a rich term that encompasses God's steadfast love, mercy, and faithfulness. It is a covenantal term, reflecting God's unwavering commitment to His people. This appeal to God's chesed is a reminder of His character and promises. In the historical context, this reflects the Israelites' understanding of God as one who is bound by His own nature to be faithful and loving, a theme that runs throughout the Old and New Testaments. David's confidence in God's response is rooted not in his own merit but in God's unchanging nature.

For there is no mention of You
The phrase "no mention of You" underscores the psalmist's deep concern about the finality of death. In the Hebrew text, the word for "mention" is "zakar," which means to remember or to call to mind. This reflects the psalmist's fear that in death, the opportunity to actively remember and proclaim God's deeds ceases. In the ancient Near Eastern context, memory and mention were vital for maintaining one's legacy and relationship with the divine. The psalmist is expressing a heartfelt plea for life, so he can continue to honor God.

in death
The Hebrew word for "death" here is "mavet," which signifies the end of physical life. In the Old Testament, death is often portrayed as a state of silence and inactivity, contrasting with the vibrancy of life where one can worship and serve God. The psalmist's use of "death" emphasizes the urgency of his plea for deliverance, as death would sever his ability to engage in the living worship of God.

who can praise You
"Praise" in Hebrew is "yadah," which involves giving thanks or confessing. This word choice highlights the psalmist's desire to continue offering gratitude and acknowledgment to God. In the conservative Christian perspective, praise is a fundamental aspect of a believer's life, and the psalmist's lament is rooted in the fear of losing this vital connection with God through worship.

from Sheol?
"Sheol" is a Hebrew term often translated as the grave or the abode of the dead. It is depicted as a shadowy place where the dead reside, devoid of the vibrant life and worship found among the living. In the ancient Israelite understanding, Sheol was not a place of active punishment or reward but rather a realm of silence and inactivity. The psalmist's rhetorical question underscores the belief that the dead cannot participate in the worship and praise of God, thus intensifying his plea for deliverance from death. This reflects a deep yearning to remain in the land of the living, where he can continue to fulfill his purpose of glorifying God.

I am weary
The Hebrew word for "weary" is "יָגַע" (yaga), which conveys a deep sense of exhaustion and fatigue. This weariness is not merely physical but also emotional and spiritual, reflecting the psalmist's profound distress. In the context of the psalm, this weariness is a result of prolonged suffering and anguish, a common theme in the lament psalms where the psalmist cries out to God for relief and deliverance.

with my groaning
The term "groaning" comes from the Hebrew "אָנַח" (anach), which signifies a deep, guttural expression of pain or sorrow. This groaning is a vocalization of the psalmist's inner turmoil and serves as a form of prayer, a raw and honest communication with God. It highlights the psalmist's vulnerability and dependence on God for comfort and intervention.

every night
The phrase "every night" emphasizes the constancy and relentlessness of the psalmist's suffering. Nighttime, often associated with rest and peace, becomes a period of intensified sorrow for the psalmist. This continual distress underscores the depth of the psalmist's affliction and the urgency of his plea for God's mercy.

I flood my bed with weeping
The imagery of flooding the bed with tears is vivid and powerful, illustrating the psalmist's overwhelming grief. The Hebrew word "שָׂחָה" (sachah) for "flood" suggests an inundation, as if the tears are a torrent that cannot be contained. This metaphor conveys the psalmist's sense of being overwhelmed by his emotions and the intensity of his lament.

and drench my couch with tears
Similar to the previous phrase, "drench" (from the Hebrew "מָסַךְ" masak) implies saturation, indicating that the psalmist's tears are so abundant that they soak his resting place. The "couch" or "bed" is a place of supposed comfort and rest, yet it becomes a witness to the psalmist's sorrow. This repetition of imagery reinforces the depth of his despair and the sincerity of his appeal to God.

My eyes fail
The phrase "My eyes fail" conveys a deep sense of exhaustion and sorrow. In the Hebrew text, the word for "fail" can be understood as "wasting away" or "growing weak." This imagery suggests a profound emotional and physical toll on the psalmist, likely due to prolonged weeping or distress. In the ancient Near Eastern context, eyes were often seen as windows to the soul, and their failing could symbolize a loss of hope or vision. The psalmist's lament here is a vivid portrayal of human frailty and the overwhelming nature of his suffering.

from grief
The word "grief" in this context is translated from a Hebrew term that encompasses sorrow, vexation, and anger. It reflects a deep, multifaceted emotional pain. Historically, grief was not only a personal experience but also a communal one, often expressed through public mourning rituals. The psalmist's grief is not just a private sorrow but a burden that affects his entire being, highlighting the depth of his lament and the intensity of his plea for divine intervention.

they grow dim
The phrase "they grow dim" further emphasizes the deterioration of the psalmist's physical and emotional state. In Hebrew, the idea of dimming can imply a fading or diminishing of light, which in biblical literature often symbolizes understanding, clarity, or life itself. This dimming of the eyes can be seen as a metaphor for the psalmist's waning strength and hope, underscoring his desperate need for God's restoration and light.

with sorrow
"Sorrow" here is a term that captures the essence of deep, abiding sadness. In the biblical context, sorrow is often associated with repentance, loss, or the consequences of sin. The psalmist's sorrow is not just a fleeting emotion but a profound state of being that affects his entire life. This acknowledgment of sorrow is a crucial step in the process of seeking God's mercy and healing, as it reflects a heart that is open to divine comfort and transformation.

because of all my foes
The mention of "all my foes" provides insight into the external pressures contributing to the psalmist's distress. In the ancient world, enemies could be literal adversaries or symbolic representations of spiritual or moral challenges. The psalmist's foes are numerous and relentless, exacerbating his grief and sense of vulnerability. This acknowledgment of external opposition serves to highlight the psalmist's reliance on God as his ultimate protector and deliverer, reinforcing the theme of trust in divine justice and intervention.

Depart from me
This phrase is a command for separation and is often used in the context of divine judgment or moral distancing. The Hebrew word "סוּר" (sur) implies a turning away or removal. In the context of the psalm, David is calling for a separation from those who practice evil. This reflects a desire for holiness and purity, aligning with the biblical principle of being set apart from sin. Historically, this echoes the call for the Israelites to be distinct from the surrounding nations, emphasizing a life dedicated to God.

all you workers of iniquity
The term "workers of iniquity" refers to those who actively engage in sin and wrongdoing. The Hebrew word "אָוֶן" (aven) denotes trouble, wickedness, or sorrow. This phrase highlights the active participation in sin, not merely passive or occasional wrongdoing. In the biblical narrative, such individuals are often contrasted with the righteous, who seek to follow God's commandments. The psalmist's denunciation of these workers underscores the biblical theme of divine justice and the ultimate separation of good from evil.

for the LORD has heard
This phrase is a declaration of faith and assurance. The Hebrew word "שָׁמַע" (shama) means to hear, listen, or obey. It signifies not just the act of hearing but also understanding and responding. In the context of the psalm, it reflects David's confidence that God is attentive to his cries. This assurance is a recurring theme in the Psalms, where the faithful are encouraged to trust in God's responsiveness to their prayers. It serves as a reminder of God's omnipresence and His willingness to engage with His people.

my weeping
The word "weeping" is translated from the Hebrew "בְּכִי" (beki), which conveys deep sorrow and lamentation. In the ancient Near Eastern context, weeping was a common expression of grief and supplication. David's weeping signifies a profound emotional and spiritual state, reflecting his earnest plea for divine intervention. This expression of vulnerability and dependence on God is a powerful testament to the personal relationship between the psalmist and the Divine. It underscores the biblical truth that God is compassionate and attentive to the cries of His people, offering comfort and deliverance in times of distress.

The LORD
The term "LORD" in this context is derived from the Hebrew "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal, self-existent nature. It reflects a personal relationship between God and His people, underscoring His faithfulness and sovereignty. In the historical context of the Psalms, Yahweh is the God who delivered Israel from Egypt, a reminder of His power and commitment to His promises.

has heard
The Hebrew root for "heard" is "shama," which implies not just the act of hearing but also understanding and responding. This word assures believers that God is attentive to their cries and is actively engaged in their lives. It is a comforting reminder that God is not distant or indifferent but is intimately aware of our struggles and needs.

my cry for mercy
The phrase "cry for mercy" comes from the Hebrew "techinnah," which denotes a plea for grace and compassion. This reflects the psalmist's recognition of his own unworthiness and his reliance on God's lovingkindness. In the broader scriptural context, mercy is a central attribute of God, who is described as "merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love" (Exodus 34:6).

the LORD accepts
The word "accepts" is translated from the Hebrew "laqach," which means to take or receive. This indicates that God not only hears but also welcomes and embraces the prayers of His people. It suggests a divine approval and willingness to act on behalf of those who seek Him earnestly.

my prayer
"Prayer" in Hebrew is "tefillah," a term that encompasses various forms of communication with God, including supplication, intercession, and thanksgiving. This highlights the relational aspect of prayer, where believers can approach God with confidence, knowing that He values and responds to their petitions. In the historical and scriptural context, prayer is a vital practice for maintaining a close relationship with God, as seen throughout the lives of biblical figures like David, Daniel, and Jesus Himself.

All my enemies
The phrase "all my enemies" indicates a comprehensive scope, suggesting that David is not referring to a single adversary but to a multitude of foes. In the Hebrew text, the word for "enemies" is "oyeb," which conveys hostility and opposition. Historically, David faced numerous adversaries, both external, such as foreign nations, and internal, like Saul and his own son Absalom. This phrase reflects the universal struggle between the righteous and the wicked, a theme prevalent throughout the Psalms.

will be ashamed
The Hebrew word for "ashamed" is "bosh," which implies a deep sense of humiliation and disgrace. In the biblical context, shame is often associated with divine judgment and the realization of one's wrongdoing. This phrase suggests a reversal of fortune, where those who oppose God's anointed will ultimately face public humiliation. It serves as a reminder of the ultimate triumph of righteousness over wickedness.

and dismayed
"Dismayed" comes from the Hebrew "bahal," meaning to be terrified or alarmed. This word conveys a sudden and overwhelming fear, often associated with the realization of impending doom. In the context of this Psalm, it underscores the power of God to instill fear in the hearts of the wicked, leading them to recognize their vulnerability and the futility of their opposition against God's chosen.

they will turn back
The phrase "they will turn back" suggests a retreat or reversal of direction. In Hebrew, "shuv" is used, which can mean to return or repent. While the primary implication here is a physical retreat, there is also a spiritual dimension, hinting at the possibility of repentance. This turning back is not voluntary but compelled by the overwhelming presence and judgment of God.

in sudden disgrace
"Sudden disgrace" combines the Hebrew words "pithom" (sudden) and "bosh" (disgrace). The suddenness emphasizes the unexpected and swift nature of God's judgment. This phrase highlights the abruptness with which God can change the fortunes of the wicked, bringing them to ruin without warning. It serves as a powerful reminder of the sovereignty of God and the certainty of His justice.