After six days
This phrase marks a specific time frame following the events of Matthew 16, where Jesus predicts His death and resurrection. The "six days" may symbolize a period of preparation or completion, reminiscent of the six days of creation in Genesis. It suggests a divine timing, emphasizing the importance of what is about to occur. In Jewish tradition, the number six often represents human effort, which is then followed by divine intervention or rest on the seventh day.

Jesus took with Him
The act of Jesus taking His disciples signifies intentionality and purpose. The Greek word "παραλαμβάνει" (paralambanei) implies a personal and deliberate action. Jesus is not merely accompanied by His disciples; He actively chooses and leads them. This reflects the intimate relationship between Jesus and His closest followers, highlighting His role as a teacher and guide.

Peter, James, and John the brother of James
These three disciples form an inner circle within the larger group of the Twelve. Peter, James, and John are often present at significant moments in Jesus' ministry, such as the raising of Jairus' daughter and Jesus' agony in Gethsemane. Their selection here underscores their unique role and the trust Jesus places in them. Historically, these three would become pillars of the early Church, with Peter and John contributing to the New Testament writings.

and led them up a high mountain
Mountains in biblical literature are often places of revelation and divine encounter. The "high mountain" here is traditionally identified as Mount Tabor, though some suggest Mount Hermon due to its proximity to Caesarea Philippi. The ascent of the mountain symbolizes a journey towards God, a common motif in Scripture where mountains are seen as places where heaven and earth meet. This setting prepares the disciples for a profound spiritual experience.

by themselves
The phrase indicates a separation from the crowds and even the other disciples. This solitude is essential for the intimate and transformative experience that is about to occur. It reflects the biblical theme of God revealing Himself in quiet, isolated places, away from the distractions of daily life. This setting allows for a focused encounter with the divine, emphasizing the personal nature of God's revelation to His chosen ones.

He was transfigured
The Greek word for "transfigured" is "μετεμορφώθη" (metemorphōthē), which means to change in form or appearance. This transformation is not merely a change in outward appearance but a revelation of Jesus' divine nature. The transfiguration is a pivotal moment that reveals the glory of Christ, affirming His divine sonship and prefiguring His resurrection glory. It serves as a powerful testament to the disciples of Jesus' true identity as the Son of God, reinforcing their faith and understanding of His mission.

before them
The phrase "before them" indicates that this event was witnessed by Peter, James, and John, the inner circle of Jesus' disciples. This select group was chosen to witness this divine revelation, which underscores the importance of the event. The presence of these witnesses is crucial, as it provides a credible testimony to the early church about the divine nature of Christ. Their experience on the mountain would later serve as a source of encouragement and strength as they faced persecution and spread the Gospel.

His face shone like the sun
The imagery of Jesus' face shining "like the sun" draws from Old Testament descriptions of divine encounters, such as Moses' face shining after speaking with God (Exodus 34:29-35). This radiant appearance signifies the divine glory and holiness of Christ. The sun is often used as a symbol of God's presence and purity, and here it emphasizes the overwhelming brilliance and majesty of Jesus' divine nature. This moment foreshadows the glory of the resurrected Christ and the ultimate revelation of His kingdom.

and His clothes became as white as the light
The transformation of Jesus' clothes to become "as white as the light" symbolizes purity, righteousness, and divine glory. In biblical symbolism, white garments often represent holiness and the righteousness of God. This transformation signifies that Jesus is not only the bearer of divine truth but is Himself the embodiment of divine purity and holiness. The dazzling whiteness of His garments serves as a visual representation of His divine authority and the purity of His mission to redeem humanity.

Suddenly
The word "suddenly" indicates an unexpected and immediate occurrence. In the Greek, the term used is "ἰδού" (idou), which is often translated as "behold" or "lo." This word serves to draw attention to the miraculous nature of the event. It emphasizes the divine intervention and the supernatural aspect of the transfiguration, reminding us that God's actions can be both surprising and awe-inspiring.

Moses
Moses is a central figure in the Old Testament, representing the Law. His presence at the transfiguration signifies the fulfillment of the Law in Jesus Christ. Moses' life, from the Exodus to receiving the Ten Commandments, is foundational to Jewish identity and faith. His appearance here underscores the continuity and culmination of God's covenantal promises through Jesus, who embodies and completes the Law.

and Elijah
Elijah, a major prophet, represents the prophetic tradition. Known for his zealous defense of monotheism and his miraculous acts, Elijah's presence highlights the prophetic witness to Jesus as the Messiah. Elijah's return was prophesied in Malachi 4:5, and his appearance here signifies the fulfillment of that prophecy, affirming Jesus as the one who fulfills both the Law and the Prophets.

appeared before them
The phrase "appeared before them" suggests a visible, tangible manifestation. The Greek word "ὤφθη" (ōphthē) implies being seen or revealed. This appearance is not a vision or dream but a real encounter, reinforcing the reality of the spiritual realm intersecting with the physical. It serves as a testament to the disciples of Jesus' divine nature and the heavenly affirmation of His mission.

talking with Jesus
The act of "talking with Jesus" indicates a conversation of great significance. The Greek "συλλαλοῦντες" (syllalountes) suggests a dialogue or discussion. This interaction between Jesus, Moses, and Elijah symbolizes the unity and continuity of God's redemptive plan. It reflects the harmony between the Law, the Prophets, and the Gospel, with Jesus as the central figure who brings them to fulfillment. This moment is a profound revelation of Jesus' identity and mission, encouraging believers to see Him as the ultimate revelation of God's will.

Peter said to Jesus
This phrase introduces Peter, one of Jesus' closest disciples, who often acts as the spokesperson for the group. The Greek name "Petros" means "rock," signifying Peter's foundational role in the early church. His direct address to Jesus highlights the intimate relationship and trust between them. Historically, Peter's impulsive nature is evident here, as he quickly responds to the miraculous vision without fully understanding its significance.

Lord, it is good for us to be here
The term "Lord" (Greek: "Kyrios") is a title of respect and authority, acknowledging Jesus' divine status. Peter's declaration that "it is good" reflects a deep sense of awe and privilege at witnessing the transfiguration. This moment is a foretaste of the heavenly glory, and Peter's reaction is one of gratitude and reverence. The phrase underscores the human desire to remain in moments of divine revelation and spiritual high points.

If You wish
Peter's use of "If You wish" demonstrates his deference to Jesus' authority and will. It shows a willingness to submit to Jesus' desires rather than his own. This phrase is a model of humility and obedience, reminding believers of the importance of seeking God's will in all circumstances.

I will put up three shelters
The word "shelters" (Greek: "skēnas") refers to temporary dwellings or tents, reminiscent of the Feast of Tabernacles, a Jewish festival celebrating God's provision during the Israelites' wilderness journey. Peter's suggestion to build shelters indicates his desire to honor the presence of Jesus, Moses, and Elijah, and to prolong the sacred experience. This reflects a common human inclination to institutionalize spiritual experiences, though it may sometimes miss the deeper purpose of the encounter.

one for You, one for Moses, and one for Elijah
By proposing to build shelters for Jesus, Moses, and Elijah, Peter acknowledges the significance of these figures. Moses represents the Law, and Elijah the Prophets, both of which find their fulfillment in Jesus. This moment on the mountain symbolizes the unity of the Old and New Covenants. Peter's suggestion, however, inadvertently places Jesus on the same level as Moses and Elijah, not yet fully grasping Jesus' unique divine nature. This serves as a reminder of the progressive revelation of Christ's identity to His followers.

While he was still speaking
This phrase sets the scene for a divine interruption. The context is the Transfiguration, where Jesus is on a high mountain with Peter, James, and John. The phrase underscores the immediacy and urgency of God's revelation. In the Greek, "while he was still speaking" (ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος) suggests an ongoing action, emphasizing that God's voice breaks into human conversation, highlighting the divine authority over human discourse.

a bright cloud enveloped them
The "bright cloud" is significant in biblical symbolism, often representing the presence of God. In the Old Testament, a cloud led the Israelites by day (Exodus 13:21) and filled the tabernacle (Exodus 40:34). The Greek word for "cloud" (νεφέλη) here is associated with divine presence and glory. The brightness signifies purity and holiness, indicating that this is no ordinary cloud but a manifestation of God's glory.

and a voice from the cloud said
The "voice from the cloud" is a direct communication from God, reminiscent of God's voice at Jesus' baptism (Matthew 3:17). This divine voice confirms Jesus' identity and mission. The Greek term for "voice" (φωνή) implies not just sound but a message with authority. This moment is a theophany, where God reveals Himself audibly, reinforcing the divine endorsement of Jesus.

This is My beloved Son
This declaration is central to Christian theology, affirming Jesus' divine sonship. The Greek word for "beloved" (ἀγαπητός) conveys deep, unconditional love, indicating a unique relationship between the Father and the Son. This echoes Psalm 2:7, a messianic psalm, and reinforces Jesus' identity as the Messiah and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy.

in whom I am well pleased
This phrase echoes God's words at Jesus' baptism, emphasizing divine approval of Jesus' life and mission. The Greek word for "well pleased" (εὐδόκησα) suggests a sense of delight and satisfaction. It underscores the perfect obedience and righteousness of Jesus, which is pleasing to God. This approval is foundational for understanding Jesus' role as the sinless Savior.

Listen to Him!
This command is a divine imperative, urging the disciples to heed Jesus' teachings. The Greek word for "listen" (ἀκούετε) implies not just hearing but obeying. This echoes Deuteronomy 18:15, where Moses speaks of a prophet like him whom the people must listen to. It underscores the authority of Jesus' words and the necessity of obedience to His teachings for all believers.

When the disciples heard this
This phrase sets the stage for the disciples' reaction to the divine voice they have just heard. The Greek word for "heard" is "ἀκούσαντες" (akousantes), which implies not just hearing but understanding and perceiving. The disciples are not merely passive listeners; they are actively engaging with the profound revelation of Jesus' divine sonship. This moment is pivotal, as it follows the Transfiguration, where Jesus' divine nature is revealed. The historical context here is crucial: the disciples are Jewish men who have been taught to revere the voice of God, as seen in the Old Testament when God speaks to His people. This moment echoes the theophanies of the Hebrew Scriptures, where God's voice signifies authority and revelation.

they fell facedown
The act of falling facedown is a physical manifestation of reverence, fear, and worship. In the Greek, "ἔπεσαν" (epesan) indicates a sudden and deliberate action. This posture is consistent with Jewish customs of worship and submission before God, as seen in numerous Old Testament accounts, such as when Abraham fell on his face before God (Genesis 17:3). The disciples' response is one of awe and humility, recognizing the holiness of the moment. This act of prostration is a common biblical response to divine encounters, symbolizing the recognition of God's majesty and the human acknowledgment of their own unworthiness.

in terror
The Greek word used here is "ἐφοβήθησαν" (ephobēthēsan), which conveys a deep, overwhelming fear. This is not merely a fear of danger but a profound reverence and awe in the presence of the divine. The disciples' terror is a natural human response to the direct encounter with God's glory and voice. In the biblical narrative, fear often accompanies divine revelation, as seen in the reactions of figures like Moses and Isaiah when confronted with God's holiness. This fear is not meant to paralyze but to lead to a deeper understanding and reverence for God's power and majesty. It underscores the gravity of the moment and the disciples' recognition of the divine authority of Jesus.

Then Jesus
The phrase "Then Jesus" marks a pivotal moment in the narrative, emphasizing the direct intervention of Christ. The Greek name "Iēsous" is derived from the Hebrew "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." This highlights Jesus' divine role as the Savior. In the context of the Transfiguration, where Jesus' divine nature is revealed, His approach signifies the transition from divine revelation to personal reassurance.

came over
The action of "came over" indicates Jesus' intentional movement towards the disciples. The Greek word "proserchomai" suggests a purposeful approach, often used in the New Testament to describe coming near with intent. This reflects Jesus' willingness to bridge the gap between the divine and human, offering comfort and presence in moments of fear and awe.

and touched them
The act of touching is significant in biblical terms, often associated with healing and blessing. The Greek word "haptomai" implies a gentle, intentional touch. In the context of the Transfiguration, this touch serves as a tangible connection between Jesus and His disciples, reassuring them of His humanity and compassion amidst the overwhelming divine revelation they have just witnessed.

'Get up,'
The command "Get up" is translated from the Greek "egeirō," which means to awaken or raise up. This is not merely a physical command but a spiritual one, urging the disciples to rise from their fear and confusion. It echoes the resurrection theme, where believers are called to rise into new life and understanding through Christ.

He said
The phrase "He said" underscores the authority of Jesus' words. In the Greek, "legō" is used, which is a common term for speaking but often implies a message of importance. Jesus' words are not just comforting but authoritative, carrying the weight of divine instruction and assurance.

'Do not be afraid.'
This phrase is a recurring biblical exhortation, "mē phobeisthe" in Greek, which translates to "fear not." It is a divine reassurance found throughout Scripture, from the Old Testament to the New, often spoken by God or His messengers. In this context, it serves to calm the disciples' fear after witnessing the divine glory of Jesus, reminding them of His constant presence and protection. This command encourages believers to trust in God's sovereignty and love, even in the face of the unknown or the overwhelming.

And when they looked up
This phrase marks a pivotal moment of transition. The Greek word for "looked up" is "anablepsantes," which implies a lifting of the eyes, both physically and spiritually. In the context of the Transfiguration, this act of looking up signifies a return to the earthly realm after a divine encounter. It suggests a shift from the awe of witnessing Moses and Elijah to the reality of focusing solely on Jesus. This moment encourages believers to lift their eyes from the distractions of the world and refocus on Christ, who is the fulfillment of the Law and the Prophets.

they saw no one
The phrase "they saw no one" underscores the exclusivity and sufficiency of Jesus Christ. The Greek word "oudena" (no one) emphasizes the absence of any other figures, highlighting that the vision of Moses and Elijah was temporary. Historically, Moses and Elijah represent the Law and the Prophets, respectively. Their departure signifies that their roles have been fulfilled in Christ. This serves as a reminder that while the Old Testament figures were significant, they ultimately point to and find their completion in Jesus.

except Jesus
The phrase "except Jesus" is central to the message of the Transfiguration. The Greek word "ei mē" (except) indicates exclusivity, reinforcing that Jesus alone remains after the divine vision. This moment is a profound declaration of Christ's preeminence and divine authority. In the broader scriptural context, it affirms the New Testament teaching that Jesus is the sole mediator between God and humanity (1 Timothy 2:5). For the disciples, and for believers today, this moment is a call to recognize Jesus as the ultimate revelation of God, the one who embodies grace and truth. It inspires a singular devotion to Christ, who is the way, the truth, and the life (John 14:6).

As they were coming down the mountain
This phrase sets the scene immediately following the Transfiguration, a pivotal event where Jesus' divine nature was revealed to Peter, James, and John. The mountain is traditionally identified as Mount Tabor, though some suggest Mount Hermon. Mountains in Scripture often symbolize places of divine revelation and encounter with God, as seen with Moses on Mount Sinai. The descent from the mountain signifies a return to the world after a profound spiritual experience, reminding believers that moments of divine revelation are meant to prepare us for service in the world.

Jesus commanded them
The authority of Jesus is emphasized here. The Greek word for "commanded" is "ἐνετείλατο" (eneteilato), which conveys a strong directive. This command underscores Jesus' role as a teacher and leader who guides His disciples with authority. It also reflects the obedience expected of His followers, highlighting the importance of adhering to His instructions.

Do not tell anyone
This instruction is part of what is known as the "Messianic Secret," a theme in the Gospels where Jesus often instructs His disciples to keep His identity and works concealed. This secrecy can be understood as a strategic move to prevent misunderstandings about His mission and to avoid premature confrontation with authorities. It also reflects the timing of God's plan, as the full revelation of Jesus' identity was to be made known after His resurrection.

what you have seen
The "what" refers to the Transfiguration, where Jesus' divine glory was revealed. This event was a foretaste of the Kingdom of God and a confirmation of Jesus' divine sonship. The disciples were privileged witnesses to this revelation, which was meant to strengthen their faith and understanding of Jesus' true nature.

until the Son of Man has been raised from the dead
The title "Son of Man" is a messianic term that Jesus frequently uses for Himself, drawing from Daniel 7:13-14, where it denotes a figure with divine authority. The phrase "raised from the dead" points to the resurrection, a cornerstone of Christian faith. This instruction indicates that the full understanding of Jesus' mission and identity would only be possible after His resurrection, which would validate His claims and fulfill the prophecies concerning the Messiah. The resurrection is the pivotal event that transforms the disciples' understanding and empowers them to proclaim the Gospel boldly.

The disciples asked Him
This phrase indicates a moment of inquiry and learning for the disciples. In the Greek, "disciples" (μαθηταί) refers to learners or followers, emphasizing their role as students of Jesus. This question arises after witnessing the Transfiguration, a profound spiritual experience that left them seeking deeper understanding. The act of asking shows their humility and desire for clarity, a model for believers to seek wisdom from Christ.

Why then
This phrase introduces a question of timing and sequence. The disciples are grappling with the prophetic teachings they have learned, particularly those concerning the coming of Elijah. The word "then" (οὖν) in Greek serves as a logical connector, indicating that their question is based on previous teachings and events. It reflects a common human desire to understand God's timeline and the fulfillment of prophecy.

do the scribes say
The scribes were the learned men of the Jewish law, responsible for teaching and interpreting the Scriptures. Their role was crucial in Jewish society, as they were seen as authorities on religious matters. The disciples reference the scribes to understand the prevailing interpretation of prophecy. This highlights the tension between Jesus' teachings and traditional Jewish expectations, a recurring theme in the Gospels.

that Elijah must come first
This phrase refers to the prophecy found in Malachi 4:5, which states, "Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the LORD." The expectation was that Elijah would return to prepare the way for the Messiah. In Jewish tradition, Elijah's return was seen as a precursor to the Messianic age. The disciples' question reflects their struggle to reconcile this expectation with the reality of Jesus' ministry. Jesus later clarifies that John the Baptist fulfilled this role, emphasizing the spiritual rather than literal fulfillment of prophecy.

Jesus replied
This phrase indicates a direct response from Jesus, emphasizing His authority and the importance of His words. In the Greek, "Jesus" is "Ἰησοῦς" (Iēsous), a name that signifies "Yahweh is salvation." The act of replying shows Jesus' role as a teacher and clarifier of divine truths, addressing the disciples' confusion and guiding them towards understanding.

Elijah
Elijah, or "Ἠλίας" (Ēlias) in Greek, is a significant prophetic figure in Jewish tradition, known for his zealous defense of the worship of Yahweh against Baal worship. His expected return is rooted in Malachi 4:5-6, where it is prophesied that Elijah will come before the "great and dreadful day of the LORD." This expectation is deeply embedded in Jewish eschatology, symbolizing a time of repentance and restoration.

does indeed come
The phrase "does indeed come" underscores the certainty and inevitability of Elijah's coming. The Greek word for "come" is "ἔρχεται" (erchetai), which is in the present tense, indicating an ongoing or imminent action. This reflects the prophetic tradition and the fulfillment of God's promises, reassuring the disciples of the divine plan unfolding in their midst.

and he will restore
The word "restore" is translated from the Greek "ἀποκαταστήσει" (apokatastēsei), meaning to bring back to a former state or to renew. This restoration is not merely physical but spiritual, pointing to a renewal of faith and covenant relationship with God. It echoes the mission of John the Baptist, who came in the spirit and power of Elijah to prepare the way for the Lord (Luke 1:17).

all things
The phrase "all things" signifies the comprehensive nature of the restoration. In Greek, "πάντα" (panta) encompasses everything that has been disrupted by sin and rebellion. This restoration is holistic, affecting individuals, communities, and creation itself. It aligns with the biblical narrative of redemption and the ultimate reconciliation of all things through Christ (Colossians 1:20).

But I tell you
This phrase is a direct assertion from Jesus, emphasizing His authority and the importance of the message He is about to convey. In the Greek, "λέγω ὑμῖν" (legō hymin) is used, which is a common expression in the Gospels where Jesus introduces a significant teaching or revelation. This phrase underscores the divine authority of Christ, as He speaks not just as a teacher, but as the Son of God, bringing a message that demands attention and reflection.

Elijah has already come
Here, Jesus refers to the prophetic expectation of Elijah's return before the coming of the Messiah, as prophesied in Malachi 4:5. The Greek "Ἠλίας ἤδη ἦλθεν" (Ēlias ēdē ēlthen) indicates the fulfillment of this prophecy. Historically, the Jewish people anticipated Elijah's physical return, but Jesus clarifies that this prophecy was fulfilled in the person of John the Baptist, who came in the "spirit and power of Elijah" (Luke 1:17). This highlights the importance of understanding prophecy not just literally, but in the broader context of God's redemptive plan.

and they did not recognize him
The Greek "καὶ οὐκ ἐπέγνωσαν αὐτόν" (kai ouk epegnōsan auton) speaks to the spiritual blindness and misunderstanding of the people. Despite the clear signs and the powerful ministry of John the Baptist, many failed to see him as the fulfillment of Elijah's role. This phrase serves as a cautionary reminder of the dangers of spiritual dullness and the importance of discernment in recognizing God's work and messengers.

but have done to him whatever they wished
This phrase, "ἀλλὰ ἐποίησαν ἐν αὐτῷ ὅσα ἠθέλησαν" (alla epoiēsan en autō hosa ēthelēsan), reflects the rejection and mistreatment of John the Baptist by the authorities and people. Historically, John was imprisoned and eventually beheaded by Herod Antipas, as recorded in Matthew 14:3-12. This mistreatment is a foreshadowing of the suffering and rejection that Jesus Himself would face, emphasizing the cost of prophetic ministry and the resistance of the world to God's messengers.

In the same way, the Son of Man will suffer at their hands
The phrase "οὕτως καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου μέλλει πάσχειν ὑπ’ αὐτῶν" (houtōs kai ho Huios tou anthrōpou mellei paschein hyp’ autōn) draws a parallel between the fate of John the Baptist and the impending suffering of Jesus. "Son of Man" is a Messianic title that Jesus frequently uses for Himself, rooted in Daniel 7:13-14, signifying both His humanity and divine authority. This statement is a prophetic announcement of His passion, highlighting the inevitability of His suffering as part of God's salvific plan. It serves as a call to His followers to understand the nature of His mission and the cost of discipleship.

Then the disciples understood
The word "then" indicates a moment of realization or conclusion following a previous discussion or event. In the Greek, "τότε" (tote) signifies a specific point in time, suggesting a pivotal moment of clarity for the disciples. This understanding is not merely intellectual but spiritual, as the disciples grasp the deeper meaning of Jesus' words. The disciples' journey with Jesus is marked by moments of revelation, where their spiritual eyes are opened to truths previously hidden. This moment underscores the importance of divine revelation in understanding God's plan.

that He was speaking
The phrase "He was speaking" in Greek is "ἐλάλει" (elalei), which implies continuous action. Jesus' communication with His disciples is ongoing, reflecting His role as the divine teacher. This continuous dialogue between Jesus and His followers is essential for their spiritual growth and understanding. It highlights the importance of listening to Jesus' words and being attentive to His teachings, which often reveal profound truths about God's kingdom and His purposes.

to them
The phrase "to them" emphasizes the personal nature of Jesus' communication. The Greek "αὐτοῖς" (autois) indicates that Jesus' message was directed specifically to His disciples, showing His intimate relationship with them. This personal address signifies that the revelation of truth is often given to those who are in close fellowship with Christ. It reminds believers of the privilege and responsibility of being in a personal relationship with Jesus, where He reveals His will and purposes.

about John the Baptist
The mention of "John the Baptist" connects this revelation to the broader narrative of God's redemptive plan. John, known as "Ἰωάννου τοῦ βαπτιστοῦ" (Iōannou tou baptistou) in Greek, is a pivotal figure in the New Testament, serving as the forerunner to Christ. His role was prophesied in the Old Testament, and his life and ministry fulfilled those prophecies. The disciples' understanding that Jesus was referring to John the Baptist ties together the prophetic tradition with the present reality of Jesus' ministry. It highlights the continuity of God's plan from the Old Testament to the New Testament, affirming the fulfillment of prophecy in the person and work of Jesus Christ. This realization would have deepened the disciples' understanding of Jesus' mission and the significance of John's role in preparing the way for the Messiah.

When they came to the crowd
This phrase sets the scene for the events that follow. The Greek word for "crowd" is "ochlos," which often refers to a large group of people gathered together, typically in anticipation of witnessing something significant. In the context of Jesus' ministry, crowds frequently gathered to see His miracles and hear His teachings. This setting underscores the public nature of Jesus' ministry and His accessibility to the people, reflecting His mission to reach out to the masses with His message of salvation.

a man came up to Jesus
The action of the man approaching Jesus is significant. The Greek verb "proserchomai" implies a deliberate and intentional movement towards someone. This man's approach to Jesus indicates a sense of urgency and desperation, likely driven by a deep need or crisis. In the broader scriptural context, approaching Jesus is often an act of faith, suggesting that the man believed Jesus had the power to address his need.

and knelt before Him
The act of kneeling is a powerful gesture of reverence and submission. The Greek word "gonypeteo" means to kneel down, often in worship or supplication. This physical act demonstrates the man's recognition of Jesus' authority and divinity. In the historical and cultural context of the time, kneeling before someone was a sign of respect and acknowledgment of their higher status. Spiritually, it reflects the proper posture of the heart when coming before the Lord—humble, reverent, and expectant of His mercy and power.

Lord
The Greek word used here is "Κύριε" (Kyrie), a term of respect and recognition of authority. In the context of the New Testament, it often signifies acknowledgment of Jesus' divine authority and power. The father’s use of "Lord" indicates his faith in Jesus' ability to heal and his recognition of Jesus as more than just a teacher or prophet. This reflects the early Christian understanding of Jesus as the divine Son of God, worthy of worship and capable of miraculous intervention.

have mercy
The Greek phrase "ἐλέησον" (eleēson) is a plea for compassion and help. It is a common biblical expression of dependence on God's grace and kindness. In the Jewish tradition, mercy is a central attribute of God, and the father’s request underscores his belief in Jesus' compassionate nature. This plea is a model for Christian prayer, emphasizing humility and trust in God's benevolent will.

on my son
The personal nature of this request highlights the father's deep concern and love for his child. In the biblical context, children were seen as blessings from God, and their well-being was of utmost importance. The father's appeal is not just for physical healing but also for the restoration of his son's dignity and place within the community. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's care for families and the vulnerable.

He has seizures
The Greek term "σεληνιάζεται" (selēniazetai) is often translated as "moonstruck" or "lunatic," reflecting ancient beliefs about the influence of the moon on mental and physical health. This condition is understood today as epilepsy. The use of this term indicates the severity and uncontrollable nature of the boy's affliction, which was beyond human remedy and required divine intervention. It underscores the biblical theme of Jesus' power over all forms of illness and disorder.

and is suffering terribly
The phrase conveys the intensity of the boy's condition and the urgency of the father's plea. The Greek word "κακῶς" (kakōs) suggests severe distress and hardship. This suffering is not just physical but also emotional and social, as the boy's condition would have isolated him from normal community life. The father's description of his son's suffering highlights the compassionate nature of Jesus' ministry, which seeks to alleviate human pain and restore wholeness.

He often falls into the fire or into the water
This vivid imagery illustrates the dangerous and life-threatening nature of the boy's seizures. Fire and water were common elements in daily life, used for cooking and cleaning, and the boy's vulnerability to these elements underscores the constant threat to his safety. This detail emphasizes the desperate situation and the father's urgent need for Jesus' intervention. It also reflects the biblical theme of Jesus as a protector and savior, who rescues people from peril and restores them to safety and peace.

I brought him
This phrase indicates an act of faith and desperation. The father of the boy, who is possessed by a demon, takes the initiative to seek help. The Greek word for "brought" is "prospherō," which implies offering or presenting something. This act of bringing his son to Jesus' disciples reflects the father's hope and belief in their ability to heal, a belief rooted in the disciples' previous successes in performing miracles.

to Your disciples
The term "disciples" refers to the followers of Jesus who were being trained to carry on His ministry. In the historical context, disciples were students or apprentices who learned from a master. The Greek word "mathētēs" means learner or pupil. The disciples had been given authority by Jesus to cast out demons and heal the sick (Matthew 10:1), which makes their inability to heal the boy particularly significant and a point of teaching for Jesus.

but they could not
This phrase highlights a moment of failure and limitation. The Greek word "dynamai" means to be able or to have power. The disciples' inability to heal the boy suggests a lack of faith or understanding, which Jesus later addresses. This moment serves as a reminder of human limitations and the necessity of reliance on divine power rather than solely on one's own abilities.

heal him
The act of healing in the biblical context often goes beyond physical restoration; it encompasses spiritual and emotional wholeness. The Greek word "therapeuō" means to serve, cure, or restore to health. Healing in the New Testament is frequently associated with the presence and power of God, demonstrating His compassion and authority over all creation. The disciples' failure to heal the boy underscores the need for a deeper faith and connection to Jesus, the ultimate source of healing and restoration.

O unbelieving and perverse generation
This phrase captures Jesus' lament over the spiritual state of the people around Him. The Greek word for "unbelieving" is "ἄπιστος" (apistos), which denotes a lack of faith or trust. In the context of Jesus' ministry, this reflects a broader issue of spiritual blindness and resistance to the truth He embodies. The term "perverse" comes from the Greek "διαστρέφω" (diastrepho), meaning to distort or turn aside. Historically, this echoes the Old Testament prophets' rebukes to Israel for straying from God's commandments. Jesus' use of this phrase underscores the continuity of God's call to faithfulness and the human tendency to deviate from divine truth.

Jesus replied
This indicates a direct response from Jesus, emphasizing His role as a teacher and prophet. The Greek verb "ἀποκρίνομαι" (apokrinomai) means to answer or respond, often with authority. In the Gospels, Jesus' replies are not merely conversational but are profound teachings that reveal His divine wisdom and authority. This moment is a teaching opportunity, highlighting Jesus' patience and His desire to correct and guide His followers.

How long must I remain with you?
Here, Jesus expresses a sense of urgency and frustration. The Greek word "ἀνέχομαι" (anechomai) means to endure or bear with. This rhetorical question reflects Jesus' awareness of His limited time on earth and the pressing need for His disciples to grow in faith. Historically, this echoes the divine patience seen throughout the Old Testament, where God repeatedly calls His people to repentance and faithfulness.

How long must I put up with you?
This phrase further emphasizes Jesus' endurance and patience. The repetition of the question highlights the seriousness of the situation. The Greek "φέρω" (phero) means to bear or carry, suggesting a burden. Jesus' ministry involved bearing the weaknesses and failures of humanity, pointing to His ultimate sacrifice on the cross. This reflects the compassionate heart of Christ, who bears with human frailty while calling for transformation.

Bring him here to Me
This command demonstrates Jesus' authority and willingness to heal and restore. The Greek "φέρω" (phero) is used again, this time in the imperative form, indicating action. Jesus invites the afflicted boy to Himself, symbolizing the call to bring our burdens and struggles to Christ. This moment foreshadows the invitation to all believers to come to Jesus for healing and salvation. It is a powerful reminder of Jesus' role as the ultimate healer and redeemer, who invites all to experience His transformative power.

Then Jesus
The phrase "Then Jesus" marks a pivotal moment in the narrative, emphasizing the direct intervention of Christ. In the Greek, "Ἰησοῦς" (Iēsous) is the name for Jesus, which is derived from the Hebrew "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." This highlights Jesus' divine authority and mission as the Savior. Historically, Jesus' actions consistently demonstrate His power over the spiritual realm, affirming His identity as the Son of God.

rebuked the demon
The word "rebuked" comes from the Greek "ἐπιτιμάω" (epitimaō), which means to admonish or charge sharply. This term is used in the New Testament to describe Jesus' authoritative command over evil spirits. The act of rebuking signifies Jesus' supreme authority over demonic forces, reflecting His divine power to confront and overcome evil. In the historical context of first-century Judea, exorcisms were not uncommon, but Jesus' method and authority were unparalleled, showcasing His unique divine nature.

and it came out of the boy
The phrase "and it came out" indicates the immediate obedience of the demon to Jesus' command. The Greek word "ἐξέρχομαι" (exerchomai) means to go out or depart, illustrating the demon's forced exit. This demonstrates the power of Jesus' word, as even the spiritual entities must submit to His authority. The historical context reveals that such deliverance was a testament to Jesus' messianic role, fulfilling prophecies of liberation and healing.

and he was healed
"Healed" is translated from the Greek "ἰάομαι" (iaomai), meaning to cure or restore to health. This term underscores the complete restoration of the boy, not just physically but also spiritually and emotionally. The healing acts of Jesus are consistent with His mission to bring wholeness and salvation, reflecting the compassionate nature of God. In the scriptural context, healing is often a sign of the in-breaking of God's kingdom, where restoration and peace prevail.

from that moment
The phrase "from that moment" signifies the immediacy and permanence of the healing. The Greek "ὥρα" (hōra) refers to a specific time or hour, indicating that the boy's restoration was instantaneous and lasting. This immediacy highlights the effectiveness of Jesus' power and the transformative impact of His presence. Historically, such immediate healings were a testament to Jesus' divine authority and served as a powerful witness to His identity as the Messiah.

Afterward
This word indicates a sequence of events, suggesting that the disciples approached Jesus following a significant occurrence. In the context of Matthew 17, this follows the Transfiguration and the healing of a demon-possessed boy. The Greek word used here, "μετὰ," often denotes a transition or a change in circumstances, emphasizing the disciples' need for understanding after witnessing Jesus' miraculous power.

the disciples
The term "disciples" refers to the followers of Jesus, specifically the twelve apostles in this context. The Greek word "μαθηταί" implies learners or students, highlighting their role in seeking knowledge and understanding from their teacher, Jesus. This moment underscores their journey of faith and growth, as they grapple with their limitations and seek deeper insight into their spiritual authority.

came to Jesus
This phrase illustrates the disciples' approach to Jesus, signifying their recognition of Him as their source of wisdom and guidance. The act of coming to Jesus privately indicates a personal and intimate setting, where they feel safe to express their confusion and seek answers. It reflects the relational aspect of discipleship, where followers are encouraged to bring their questions and struggles to Christ.

privately
The use of "privately" suggests a setting away from the crowds, allowing for a more personal and candid conversation. The Greek word "κατ' ἰδίαν" implies a setting of confidentiality and trust, where the disciples can openly express their doubts and receive instruction without the pressure of public scrutiny. This highlights the importance of personal communion with Jesus in the life of a believer.

and asked
This action of asking denotes a desire for understanding and clarity. The Greek word "ἐπηρώτησαν" conveys a sense of inquiry and seeking knowledge. It reflects the disciples' humility and willingness to learn, acknowledging their need for Jesus' teaching to comprehend their spiritual experiences and failures.

'Why couldn’t we drive it out?'
This question reveals the disciples' perplexity and frustration over their inability to cast out a demon, despite having been given authority by Jesus earlier in their ministry (Matthew 10:1). The Greek phrase "διὰ τί ἡμεῖς οὐκ ἠδυνήθημεν ἐκβαλεῖν αὐτό;" highlights their struggle to understand the disparity between their expectations and reality. It serves as a reminder of the necessity of faith and reliance on God's power, rather than solely on human ability or past successes. This moment of questioning becomes a pivotal teaching opportunity for Jesus to address the nature of faith and the importance of prayer and fasting in spiritual warfare.

He answered
This phrase indicates a direct response from Jesus, emphasizing His role as a teacher and authority. In the context of the Gospels, Jesus often uses questions and answers to reveal deeper truths. The Greek word for "answered" is "apokrinomai," which implies a thoughtful and deliberate response, underscoring the importance of the lesson He is about to impart.

Because you have so little faith
Here, Jesus addresses the disciples' lack of faith. The Greek word for "faith" is "pistis," which denotes trust, belief, and confidence in God. Historically, faith was a central theme in Jewish tradition, where trust in God was paramount. Jesus highlights that the disciples' inability to perform miracles stems from insufficient faith, a reminder of the power and necessity of unwavering belief in God's promises.

Truly I tell you
This phrase, "Amen, lego humin" in Greek, is a solemn affirmation used by Jesus to emphasize the truth and importance of His statement. "Amen" is a Hebrew word meaning "truly" or "certainly," often used to assert the reliability of a statement. Jesus uses this phrase to capture attention and assure His listeners of the certainty of His teachings.

if you have faith the size of a mustard seed
The mustard seed is known for its small size, yet it grows into a large plant. In Jewish culture, the mustard seed was a common metaphor for something small that has great potential. Jesus uses this imagery to illustrate that even a small amount of genuine faith can lead to extraordinary outcomes. The Greek word "kokkos" refers to a grain or seed, emphasizing the potential for growth inherent in faith.

you can say to this mountain, ‘Move from here to there,’ and it will move
Mountains in biblical literature often symbolize obstacles or challenges. The phrase "say to this mountain" suggests speaking with authority and confidence. The Greek word "ore" for mountain can also imply a significant challenge. Jesus teaches that faith empowers believers to overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles, reflecting the transformative power of faith in action.

Nothing will be impossible for you
This statement underscores the limitless potential of faith. The Greek word "adynatos" means "impossible" or "unable," and its negation here ("ou adynatesei") emphasizes that with faith, believers can transcend natural limitations. This promise is a profound encouragement to trust in God's power and provision, inspiring believers to pursue God's will with confidence and assurance.

But this kind
The phrase "this kind" refers to a specific category or type of demonic presence or spiritual challenge. In the Greek, the word used is "γένος" (genos), which can mean race, kind, or family. This suggests that there are different levels or intensities of spiritual opposition, each requiring a unique approach. Historically, Jewish exorcism practices recognized varying degrees of demonic influence, and Jesus acknowledges this understanding by categorizing the challenge faced by His disciples.

does not go out
The phrase "does not go out" indicates the necessity of expulsion or removal. The Greek word "ἐκπορεύεται" (ekporeuetai) implies a forceful departure, often used in the context of exorcism or casting out demons. This highlights the spiritual authority required to confront and overcome such challenges. In the broader scriptural context, Jesus consistently demonstrates His authority over evil spirits, setting a precedent for His followers to do the same through His power.

except by prayer
"Prayer" is emphasized as a crucial element in spiritual warfare. The Greek word "προσευχή" (proseuchē) denotes a form of communication with God that is earnest and intentional. Prayer is not merely a ritual but a powerful, faith-filled dialogue with the Divine. Historically, prayer has been a cornerstone of Jewish and Christian spiritual practice, serving as a means to align oneself with God's will and draw upon His strength.

and fasting
Fasting, from the Greek "νηστεία" (nēsteia), involves abstaining from food for spiritual purposes. In the biblical context, fasting is often associated with repentance, humility, and seeking God's guidance. It is a physical expression of a deeper spiritual hunger and dependence on God. Archaeological findings and historical records show that fasting was a common practice in ancient Jewish culture, often accompanying prayer to intensify one's spiritual focus and commitment.

As they gathered together in Galilee
This phrase sets the geographical and communal context for the events that follow. Galilee, a region in northern Israel, was a significant area in Jesus' ministry. It was a place where Jesus performed many miracles and taught extensively. The gathering of Jesus and His disciples here signifies a moment of intimacy and instruction. The Greek word for "gathered" (συναθροίζω) implies a purposeful coming together, suggesting that Jesus was preparing His disciples for an important revelation.

Jesus said to them
This phrase introduces the speaker and the authority of the message. Jesus, the central figure of the New Testament, is about to impart crucial information to His disciples. The act of speaking here is not just casual conversation; it is a deliberate teaching moment. The Greek verb "said" (εἶπεν) is often used in the Gospels to denote authoritative teaching or prophecy.

The Son of Man
This title, "Son of Man," is one of Jesus' favorite self-designations, used frequently in the Gospels. It has roots in the Old Testament, particularly in the book of Daniel (Daniel 7:13-14), where it refers to a messianic figure endowed with authority and glory. In the New Testament, it emphasizes both Jesus' humanity and His divine mission. The use of this title here underscores the prophetic nature of what Jesus is about to reveal.

is about to be delivered
The phrase "is about to be delivered" indicates an impending event. The Greek word "παραδίδοται" (paradidotai) can mean to be handed over or betrayed. This foreshadows the betrayal by Judas Iscariot and the subsequent handing over of Jesus to the authorities. It highlights the divine foreknowledge and the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan through Jesus' suffering.

into the hands of men
This phrase signifies the human agents involved in the forthcoming events. "Into the hands of men" suggests a transfer of control, where Jesus will be subjected to human judgment and cruelty. The phrase emphasizes the contrast between divine sovereignty and human agency. It also reflects the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies regarding the suffering servant (Isaiah 53), who would be oppressed and afflicted by men.

They will kill Him
This phrase is a direct prophecy of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. The Greek word for "kill" here is "apokteinō," which means to put to death or slay. This was a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, such as Isaiah 53, which foretold the suffering and death of the Messiah. The use of "they" indicates the collective responsibility of both the Jewish leaders and the Roman authorities, highlighting the universal nature of sin and the need for redemption. Historically, this reflects the political and religious tensions of the time, where Jesus' teachings were seen as a threat to established authority.

and on the third day
The phrase "on the third day" is significant in both Jewish and Christian traditions. In Jewish thought, the third day often symbolizes completeness and divine intervention, as seen in the account of Jonah and the whale. Theologically, this points to the resurrection as a divine act of God, affirming Jesus' victory over death. The specific mention of "the third day" underscores the fulfillment of Jesus' own predictions and the Scriptures, such as Hosea 6:2, which speaks of revival and restoration.

He will be raised to life
The Greek word for "raised" is "egeirō," which means to awaken or to rise up. This is a powerful declaration of the resurrection, the cornerstone of Christian faith. The passive voice "will be raised" indicates that it is God the Father who raises Jesus, emphasizing the divine power and approval of Jesus' sacrifice. The resurrection is not just a return to life but a transformation into a glorified state, offering hope of eternal life to all believers. This event is central to the Gospel message, affirming Jesus' identity as the Son of God and His victory over sin and death.

And the disciples were deeply grieved
The disciples' reaction of being "deeply grieved" reflects their lack of understanding and the human tendency to focus on immediate loss rather than eternal gain. The Greek word "lypeō" conveys a profound sorrow, indicating their emotional turmoil and confusion. This highlights the disciples' journey of faith, as they grapple with the reality of Jesus' mission and the cost of discipleship. Historically, this moment foreshadows the despair they would feel at the crucifixion, yet it also sets the stage for the joy and transformation they would experience after the resurrection. This grief is a reminder of the human condition and the hope that comes through faith in Christ's redemptive work.

After they had arrived in Capernaum
Capernaum, a significant location in Jesus' ministry, was a bustling town on the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee. It served as a central hub for Jesus' teachings and miracles. The Greek word for "arrived" (ἦλθον) suggests a purposeful journey, indicating that Jesus and His disciples were continuing their mission. Capernaum's archaeological remains, including a synagogue and Peter's house, provide a tangible connection to the Gospel narratives, underscoring the historical reality of Jesus' ministry.

the collectors of the two-drachma tax
The "two-drachma tax" refers to the temple tax, a religious levy based on Exodus 30:13-16, intended for the maintenance of the Jewish temple. The Greek term "δίδραχμα" (didrachma) indicates a specific coinage used for this tax, equivalent to two days' wages. The collectors were likely Jewish officials tasked with ensuring compliance with this religious obligation. This context highlights the intersection of religious duty and daily life in first-century Judea, reflecting the societal expectations placed upon devout Jews.

came to Peter
Peter, often seen as the spokesperson for the disciples, is approached directly by the tax collectors. The Greek verb "προσῆλθον" (prosēlthon) implies a deliberate approach, suggesting the collectors' intent to address a matter of importance. Peter's role here underscores his leadership among the disciples and foreshadows his future prominence in the early Church. This encounter also sets the stage for a teaching moment from Jesus, emphasizing the importance of understanding and fulfilling one's obligations.

and asked, 'Does your Teacher pay the two-drachma tax?'
The question posed to Peter is both direct and respectful, acknowledging Jesus' status as a "Teacher" (διδάσκαλος, didaskalos). This title reflects Jesus' recognized authority and wisdom in spiritual matters. The inquiry about the tax payment raises issues of religious observance and Jesus' relationship to Jewish law. It invites reflection on Jesus' role in fulfilling the law and His example of humility and submission to earthly authorities, even as the Son of God. This moment foreshadows the teaching that follows, where Jesus will address the nature of His mission and the kingdom of God.

Yes, he answered
In this passage, Peter responds affirmatively to a question about whether Jesus pays the temple tax. The Greek word used here for "Yes" is "Ναί" (Nai), which is a straightforward affirmation. This simple yet profound response reflects Peter's confidence in Jesus' adherence to Jewish customs. Historically, the temple tax was a religious obligation for Jewish males, symbolizing their commitment to the temple and its services. Peter's quick affirmation suggests his understanding of Jesus as a devout Jew who respects and fulfills the law, aligning with the broader scriptural narrative of Jesus' life and ministry.

When Peter entered the house
The phrase "entered the house" indicates a transition from public discourse to a more intimate setting. The Greek word for "house" is "οἶκος" (oikos), which can refer to a physical dwelling or a household. This setting change is significant as it often precedes deeper, more personal teachings from Jesus. In the context of first-century Judea, homes were central to family life and religious instruction, serving as places where disciples could receive private teachings from their rabbi. This transition highlights the importance of personal, relational discipleship in the Christian faith.

Jesus preempted him
The word "preempted" suggests that Jesus, with divine insight, anticipates Peter's thoughts or concerns. The Greek root "προφθάνω" (prophthano) implies going before or anticipating. This action underscores Jesus' omniscience and his ability to address issues before they are even voiced. It reflects the scriptural theme of Jesus as the Good Shepherd who knows his sheep intimately. This preemptive move by Jesus reassures believers of His awareness and understanding of their needs and concerns, even before they are expressed.

“What do you think, Simon?”
Here, Jesus addresses Peter by his given name, Simon, which is derived from the Hebrew "שִׁמְעוֹן" (Shim'on), meaning "he has heard." By using his original name, Jesus emphasizes a personal connection and invites Peter to reflect deeply. The question "What do you think?" is a pedagogical tool used by Jesus to engage Peter's reasoning and understanding. This method of teaching encourages active participation and personal reflection, which is a hallmark of Jesus' interactions with His disciples. It serves as a reminder for believers to engage thoughtfully with their faith and the teachings of Christ.

“From whom do the kings of the earth collect duty and taxes? From their own sons, or from others?”
In this rhetorical question, Jesus uses the analogy of earthly kings to illustrate a spiritual truth. The phrase "kings of the earth" refers to temporal rulers, highlighting the contrast between earthly and divine authority. The Greek word for "duty" is "τέλη" (telē), and "taxes" is "φόρους" (phorous), both of which denote financial obligations imposed by rulers. By asking whether these are collected from "their own sons" or "from others," Jesus points to the common practice of exempting one's family from such burdens. This analogy sets the stage for revealing Jesus' identity as the Son of God, who is not obligated to pay the temple tax, yet chooses to do so to avoid causing offense. This teaching moment underscores the themes of humility, sacrifice, and the fulfillment of the law, central to Jesus' mission and message.

From others
This phrase indicates a distinction between those who are obligated to pay the temple tax and those who are not. In the historical context, the temple tax was a levy on the Jewish people for the maintenance of the temple. The Greek word used here, "ἄλλων" (allōn), suggests those who are outside a particular group, in this case, the royal family or the sons of the king. This sets the stage for Jesus' teaching on His divine sonship and the freedom it entails.

Peter answered
Peter, often the spokesperson for the disciples, responds to Jesus' question. His answer reflects a common understanding of the time regarding taxation and authority. The Greek name "Πέτρος" (Petros) means "rock," symbolizing Peter's foundational role in the early church. His interaction with Jesus here is a moment of learning and revelation, highlighting the disciples' journey from misunderstanding to deeper spiritual insight.

Then the sons are exempt
Jesus uses this statement to illustrate a profound spiritual truth. The word "sons" (Greek: "υἱοί" - huioi) refers to those who are part of the royal family, implying that as the Son of God, Jesus is not subject to the temple tax. This declaration underscores the unique relationship between Jesus and God the Father. The term "exempt" (Greek: "ἐλεύθεροι" - eleutheroi) conveys freedom and privilege, suggesting that those who are in Christ share in this freedom. This concept is central to the Christian understanding of grace and the believer's identity as children of God.

But so that we may not offend them
This phrase highlights Jesus' sensitivity to the cultural and religious norms of His time. The Greek word for "offend" is "σκανδαλίσωμεν" (skandalizōmen), which means to cause someone to stumble or sin. Jesus, though not obligated to pay the temple tax as the Son of God, chooses to avoid unnecessary conflict. This reflects His teaching in Matthew 5:9, "Blessed are the peacemakers," emphasizing the importance of living at peace with others and not causing unnecessary offense.

go to the sea
The Sea of Galilee is the setting for this miracle, a familiar place for Peter, who was a fisherman by trade. This instruction connects Peter's past life with his new calling, showing that God uses our past experiences for His purposes. The sea, often a symbol of chaos and unpredictability, becomes a place of divine provision, illustrating God's sovereignty over creation.

cast a hook
The use of a hook, rather than a net, is significant. It suggests a specific, intentional act rather than a broad, indiscriminate one. This detail underscores the precision of God's provision and the personal nature of His miracles. The Greek word "ἄγκιστρον" (agkistron) for hook is unique in the New Testament, highlighting the specificity of this miracle.

and take the first fish you catch
The instruction to take the first fish emphasizes faith and obedience. Peter is to trust that God's provision will be immediate and sufficient. This act of faith is a reminder of God's promise to meet our needs, as seen in Philippians 4:19, "And my God will supply all your needs according to His glorious riches in Christ Jesus."

When you open its mouth, you will find a four-drachma coin
The four-drachma coin, or "stater," was equivalent to the temple tax for two people. This miracle demonstrates God's omniscience and omnipotence, as He orchestrates events down to the smallest detail. The coin in the fish's mouth is a testament to God's ability to provide in unexpected ways, reinforcing the message of Matthew 6:33, "But seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things will be added unto you."

Take it and give it to them for My tax and yours
Jesus includes Peter in this provision, highlighting the communal aspect of His ministry. The phrase "for My tax and yours" signifies Jesus' identification with humanity. Though He is exempt as the Son of God, He chooses to fulfill the law on behalf of others, prefiguring His ultimate sacrifice on the cross. This act of humility and submission to earthly authorities is a model for believers, as echoed in Romans 13:1, "Let everyone be subject to the governing authorities."