Luke 21:12

But before all this, they will seize you and persecute you. On account of My name they will deliver you to the synagogues and prisons, and they will bring you before kings and governors.

Study Bible

But before all this
This phrase indicates a sequence of events, suggesting that the persecution of believers will occur prior to the eschatological signs Jesus describes earlier in the chapter. The Greek word "πρὸ" (pro) implies a temporal precedence, emphasizing the immediacy and certainty of the trials that the disciples will face. Historically, this aligns with the early church's experience, as recorded in Acts, where persecution was rampant before the destruction of the Temple in AD 70.

they will seize you
The Greek verb "ἐπιβάλλω" (epiballō) conveys a sense of laying hands on someone with force, indicating arrest or capture. This reflects the physical and aggressive nature of the opposition the disciples would encounter. Archaeological findings, such as ancient Roman legal documents, reveal the commonality of such actions against perceived agitators or threats to societal order.

and persecute you
The term "διώκω" (diōkō) in Greek means to pursue or harass, often with the intent to cause harm. This persecution is not just physical but also social and psychological, as believers would be ostracized and maligned. Scripturally, this echoes Jesus' earlier teachings in the Beatitudes (Matthew 5:10-12), where He blesses those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake.

On account of My name
This phrase underscores the reason for the persecution: allegiance to Jesus Christ. The "name" in biblical terms represents the character and authority of a person. Thus, the disciples' identification with Jesus and His teachings would be the catalyst for their suffering. Historically, the early Christians were often persecuted for refusing to worship the Roman Emperor, as their primary allegiance was to Christ.

they will deliver you
The Greek word "παραδίδωμι" (paradidōmi) means to hand over or betray. This term is used in the context of judicial proceedings, indicating that the disciples would be formally accused and tried. This mirrors the experiences of early Christians like Stephen and Paul, who were brought before councils and authorities.

to synagogues and prisons
Synagogues were not only places of worship but also centers of community life and local governance. Being delivered to synagogues implies religious trials, where believers would be judged by Jewish authorities. Prisons, on the other hand, represent the civil and punitive aspect of persecution. The dual mention highlights the comprehensive nature of the opposition, both religious and secular.

and they will bring you before kings and governors
This phrase indicates that the persecution would escalate to the highest levels of political authority. The Greek "ἄγω" (agō) suggests being led or brought forcibly. Historically, figures like Paul stood before Roman governors such as Felix and Festus, and even King Agrippa, as recorded in Acts. This fulfills Jesus' prophecy and demonstrates the far-reaching impact of the Gospel, as it challenged both religious and political structures.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus Christ
The speaker of this prophecy, warning His disciples about the persecution they will face for His name's sake.

2. Disciples
The immediate audience of Jesus' prophecy, representing all future believers who will face persecution.

3. Synagogues
Jewish places of worship and community gathering, where initial persecutions of early Christians often began.

4. Prisons
Places of confinement where believers would be held for their faith.

5. Kings and Governors
Political authorities before whom believers would be brought, signifying the widespread nature of persecution.

Teaching Points

Expect Persecution
Believers should not be surprised by persecution; it is a part of the Christian journey as foretold by Jesus.

Stand Firm in Faith
Despite trials, believers are called to remain steadfast, trusting in God's sovereignty and ultimate justice.

Witness Through Suffering
Persecution provides a platform to testify about Jesus, as seen in the early church's boldness in Acts.

Rely on the Holy Spirit
In moments of trial, believers should depend on the Holy Spirit for wisdom and words, as promised by Jesus.

Eternal Perspective
Keeping an eternal perspective helps believers endure present sufferings, knowing they lead to eternal glory.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the historical context of persecution in the early church help us relate to Jesus' warning in Luke 21:12?

2. In what ways can modern believers prepare themselves spiritually and mentally for potential persecution?

3. How can the examples of the apostles in Acts inspire us to respond to persecution today?

4. What role does the Holy Spirit play in empowering believers to stand firm during trials, according to the New Testament?

5. How can maintaining an eternal perspective transform our response to suffering and persecution in our daily lives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 10:17-18
Jesus similarly warns His disciples about being handed over to councils and flogged in synagogues, emphasizing the inevitability of persecution.

Acts 5:40-41
The apostles are flogged and ordered not to speak in Jesus' name, yet they rejoice for being counted worthy to suffer for Him.

2 Timothy 3:12
Paul reminds Timothy that all who desire to live godly in Christ Jesus will face persecution, reinforcing the message of Luke 21:12.

Revelation 2:10
The church in Smyrna is encouraged to remain faithful even unto death, promising the crown of life for those who endure persecution.