He said to me
This phrase indicates a direct communication from God to Ezekiel. In the Hebrew text, the word for "said" is "אָמַר" (amar), which is often used in the Old Testament to denote divine speech. This highlights the authority and solemnity of the message being delivered. The personal nature of "to me" underscores the intimate relationship between God and His prophet, emphasizing that God knows and calls each of His servants personally.

Son of man
The Hebrew term "בֶּן אָדָם" (ben adam) is used here, which literally means "son of Adam" or "human being." This title is used frequently in the book of Ezekiel, emphasizing the prophet's humanity and mortality in contrast to the divine nature of God. It serves as a reminder of Ezekiel's role as a representative of humanity, tasked with conveying God's messages to the people. In a broader theological context, this title foreshadows the New Testament use of "Son of Man" for Jesus Christ, highlighting His incarnation and identification with humanity.

stand up on your feet
The command to "stand up" signifies readiness and respect in the presence of God. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, standing was a posture of attention and readiness to serve or receive instruction. The Hebrew verb "עֲמֹד" (amad) conveys the idea of being established or set in place, suggesting that Ezekiel is being prepared and positioned for his prophetic mission. This act of standing also symbolizes the empowerment and commissioning of Ezekiel to fulfill his divine calling.

and I will speak to you
This promise of divine communication is central to the prophetic experience. The phrase "I will speak" indicates an ongoing dialogue between God and Ezekiel, suggesting that the prophet's role is not just to receive but also to engage with God's word. The Hebrew root "דָּבַר" (dabar) for "speak" implies not just verbal communication but the conveyance of God's will and purpose. This highlights the importance of listening and obedience in the life of a prophet, as well as the transformative power of God's word when it is faithfully proclaimed.

As He spoke to me
This phrase indicates the direct communication from God to Ezekiel. The Hebrew root for "spoke" is דָּבַר (dabar), which implies not just speaking but conveying a message with authority and purpose. In the context of the prophetic tradition, this highlights the divine initiative in revelation. God’s word is active and powerful, initiating transformation and action. Historically, prophets were seen as mouthpieces of God, and this phrase underscores the personal and direct nature of God’s communication with His chosen servants.

the Spirit entered me
The "Spirit" here is the Hebrew רוּחַ (ruach), which can mean breath, wind, or spirit. In the Old Testament, the Spirit of God is often associated with empowerment and divine presence. The entering of the Spirit signifies a divine empowerment and anointing for the prophetic task. This is reminiscent of other instances in Scripture where the Spirit comes upon individuals to equip them for God’s work, such as in the lives of the judges and kings of Israel. It emphasizes the necessity of divine enablement for ministry and the transformative power of the Holy Spirit.

and set me on my feet
This phrase signifies a transition from a position of passivity to one of readiness and action. Being set on one's feet is symbolic of being prepared and equipped to stand in the presence of God and to undertake the mission given. In the ancient Near Eastern context, standing was a posture of respect and readiness to serve. This action by the Spirit indicates that Ezekiel is now ready to receive his commission and act upon it. It reflects the idea that God not only calls but also equips and positions His servants for the tasks He assigns.

and I heard Him speaking to me
The act of hearing in the Hebrew context (שָׁמַע, shama) goes beyond mere auditory reception; it implies understanding and obedience. This phrase indicates that Ezekiel is not only physically hearing God’s words but is also spiritually attuned to comprehend and respond to them. The repetition of the concept of speaking and hearing underscores the importance of communication in the prophetic relationship. It highlights the responsiveness required of God’s servants and the clarity with which God communicates His will to those He calls.

Son of man
The phrase "Son of man" is a title used frequently in the book of Ezekiel, emphasizing the prophet's humanity and his role as a representative of the people. In Hebrew, "ben adam" literally means "son of Adam," highlighting the connection to humanity's origin and the frailty of human nature. This title underscores Ezekiel's position as a mediator between God and Israel, reminding us of our own human limitations and the need for divine guidance.

He said to me
This phrase indicates direct communication from God to Ezekiel. The personal nature of this communication emphasizes the intimate relationship between God and His prophets. It serves as a reminder that God speaks to His people, often through chosen individuals, and that His messages are personal and purposeful.

I am sending you
Here, God commissions Ezekiel, indicating a divine mission. The Hebrew root "shalach" conveys the idea of being sent with authority and purpose. This sending is not just a task but a divine appointment, reminding believers of the Great Commission in the New Testament, where Jesus sends His disciples into the world.

to the Israelites
The Israelites are the chosen people of God, descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. This phrase situates Ezekiel's mission within the covenantal relationship between God and Israel. Historically, the Israelites were in exile during Ezekiel's time, and this mission is part of God's plan to call them back to faithfulness.

a rebellious nation
The term "rebellious nation" reflects Israel's spiritual state. The Hebrew word "goy" often refers to nations, but here it underscores Israel's behavior akin to pagan nations. This rebellion is against God's covenant, highlighting the need for repentance and return to God's ways. It serves as a warning to all believers about the dangers of straying from God's commandments.

that has rebelled against Me
This phrase emphasizes the personal nature of Israel's rebellion. It is not just a breaking of laws but a personal affront to God Himself. The Hebrew root "pasha" means to transgress or revolt, indicating a deliberate turning away from God. This highlights the seriousness of sin and the need for reconciliation with God.

They and their fathers
This phrase points to a generational pattern of disobedience. It suggests that the rebellion is not a new development but a continuation of past sins. This serves as a reminder of the importance of breaking cycles of sin and the responsibility of each generation to seek God afresh.

have transgressed against Me
The word "transgressed" comes from the Hebrew "pasha," meaning to rebel or revolt. This indicates a willful violation of God's covenant. The personal pronoun "Me" underscores that sin is ultimately against God, reinforcing the need for repentance and the seriousness of turning away from divine commands.

to this day
This phrase indicates the ongoing nature of Israel's rebellion. It suggests that despite past warnings and judgments, the people have not yet turned back to God. This serves as a call to urgency in repentance and a reminder of God's patience and enduring desire for His people to return to Him.

They are obstinate and stubborn children
The Hebrew words for "obstinate" and "stubborn" are "qasheh" and "chazaq," respectively. "Qasheh" conveys a sense of being hard, difficult, or severe, often used to describe a rebellious spirit. "Chazaq" means strong or firm, but in this context, it implies a resistance to change or correction. Historically, Israel had a pattern of rebellion against God, despite His continuous guidance and provision. This phrase highlights the spiritual condition of the Israelites, who were resistant to God's messages and messengers. The imagery of "children" suggests a relationship with God as a Father, emphasizing their disobedience and need for correction.

I am sending you to them
The phrase "I am sending you" underscores the divine commission given to Ezekiel. The Hebrew verb "shalach" means to send or dispatch, indicating that Ezekiel's mission is not self-appointed but divinely ordained. This reflects the biblical theme of God choosing and sending prophets to guide, warn, and call His people back to righteousness. The historical context is significant, as Ezekiel was among the exiles in Babylon, and his mission was to speak to a people who were experiencing the consequences of their rebellion.

and you are to say to them
This directive emphasizes the role of the prophet as a mouthpiece for God. The Hebrew phrase "dabar alehem" means to speak or declare to them. Ezekiel's task was not to convey his own thoughts but to faithfully deliver God's message. This highlights the importance of obedience and fidelity to God's word, a central theme in the prophetic ministry. The prophet's role is to communicate God's truth, regardless of the people's receptiveness.

‘This is what the Lord GOD says.’
The phrase "This is what the Lord GOD says" is a common prophetic formula, "koh amar Adonai YHWH," which establishes the authority and authenticity of the message. "Adonai" is a title for God, denoting His lordship and sovereignty, while "YHWH" is the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. This declaration serves as a reminder that the message comes from the highest authority, demanding attention and response. In the conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the belief in the inerrancy and divine inspiration of Scripture, affirming that God's word is authoritative and relevant for all generations.

And whether they listen or refuse to listen
This phrase captures the duality of human response to divine messages. The Hebrew root for "listen" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which implies not just hearing but also understanding and obeying. The phrase suggests that God's message, delivered through His prophet, demands a response. Historically, Israel often vacillated between obedience and rebellion, reflecting the broader human condition. This duality underscores the freedom God grants humanity to choose their path, yet it also highlights the accountability that comes with such freedom.

for they are a rebellious house
The term "rebellious" comes from the Hebrew "מֶרִי" (meri), indicating defiance and resistance against authority. In the context of Israel, this rebellion was not just against a human leader but against God Himself. The phrase "rebellious house" paints a picture of a people who have consistently turned away from God's commandments and covenant. Historically, this rebellion led to consequences such as exile and suffering, serving as a warning to future generations about the dangers of straying from God's path.

they will know
The Hebrew word for "know" is "יָדַע" (yada), which implies a deep, intimate understanding, often through experience. This knowledge is not merely intellectual but experiential, suggesting that through the presence and words of the prophet, the people will come to a realization of God's truth and authority. This phrase emphasizes the certainty of God's revelation and the inevitable recognition of His sovereignty, whether through blessing or judgment.

that a prophet has been among them
The role of a prophet in Israel was to be God's spokesperson, delivering His messages to the people. The presence of a prophet was a sign of God's ongoing relationship with His people, even in times of rebellion. The phrase underscores the importance of the prophetic office and the weight of responsibility carried by those called to it. Historically, prophets like Ezekiel were often met with resistance, yet their presence was a testament to God's enduring mercy and desire for His people to return to Him. This phrase serves as both a comfort and a warning: comfort in knowing God has not abandoned His people, and a warning of the consequences of ignoring His messengers.

And you, son of man
The phrase "son of man" is a title used frequently in the book of Ezekiel, emphasizing the prophet's humanity and his role as a representative of the people. In Hebrew, "ben adam" underscores the contrast between the divine and the human, reminding Ezekiel of his mortal nature and the humility required in his prophetic mission. This title also foreshadows the use of "Son of Man" in the New Testament, where it is applied to Jesus Christ, highlighting His incarnation and identification with humanity.

do not be afraid of them
The command "do not be afraid" is a recurring biblical exhortation, often given to God's servants when they face daunting tasks or opposition. In Hebrew, the word for "afraid" is "yare," which conveys a sense of dread or terror. God reassures Ezekiel, as He does many others throughout Scripture, that His presence and power are greater than any human threat. This encouragement is a reminder of God's sovereignty and faithfulness, calling believers to trust in Him despite external circumstances.

or their words
Words can be powerful weapons, and the phrase "or their words" acknowledges the potential harm of verbal attacks. In the context of Ezekiel's ministry, the people of Israel were rebellious and resistant to God's message. The Hebrew term for "words" here is "devarim," which can also mean "things" or "matters," indicating the broader scope of opposition Ezekiel might face. This highlights the importance of spiritual resilience and the need to focus on God's truth rather than human criticism.

though briers and thorns are all around you
"Briers and thorns" symbolize the difficulties and obstacles Ezekiel would encounter in his prophetic mission. In the ancient Near East, these terms were often used metaphorically to describe hostile environments or adversarial people. The imagery suggests that Ezekiel's path would not be easy, yet he is called to persevere. This metaphor also reflects the curse of Genesis 3:18, where thorns and thistles are a result of the fall, reminding us of the fallen world's resistance to God's word.

and you live among scorpions
The mention of "scorpions" further intensifies the imagery of danger and hostility. Scorpions, known for their painful sting, represent the potential harm from those who oppose God's message. In the ancient world, scorpions were feared creatures, and their presence in this passage underscores the severity of the opposition Ezekiel would face. This serves as a powerful reminder of the spiritual warfare inherent in proclaiming God's truth and the need for divine protection.

Do not be afraid of their words
The repetition of "do not be afraid" emphasizes the importance of courage and faith in the face of adversity. The focus on "their words" again highlights the potential for verbal persecution and the need for steadfastness. This reassurance is a call to prioritize God's voice over human opinion, encouraging believers to remain faithful to their calling despite opposition.

or dismayed by their presence
The word "dismayed" in Hebrew is "chathath," which conveys a sense of being shattered or broken. The phrase "by their presence" suggests the intimidating nature of those who oppose God's message. Ezekiel is urged not to be overwhelmed by the physical or psychological presence of his adversaries. This is a call to spiritual fortitude, reminding believers that God's presence is more powerful than any earthly threat.

though they are a rebellious house
The term "rebellious house" refers to the people of Israel, who had consistently turned away from God's commandments. In Hebrew, "rebellious" is "meri," indicating a willful defiance against divine authority. This characterization of Israel sets the stage for the challenges Ezekiel would face, as he was tasked with delivering God's message to a stubborn and obstinate people. It serves as a sobering reminder of the human tendency to resist God's will and the need for repentance and obedience.

You must speak
The phrase "You must speak" emphasizes the imperative nature of the prophet's mission. In Hebrew, the verb used here is "dabar," which means to speak, declare, or command. This highlights the authority and responsibility given to Ezekiel by God. The role of a prophet in ancient Israel was not merely to predict the future but to communicate God's will to the people. This command underscores the necessity of obedience to God's directive, regardless of the audience's receptivity.

My words
"My words" signifies the divine origin of the message Ezekiel is to deliver. The Hebrew term "dabar" is again used, but here it is possessive, indicating that these are not Ezekiel's own thoughts or opinions but the very words of God. This reflects the belief in the inspiration of Scripture, where the prophet serves as a mouthpiece for God's revelation. The authority of the message lies in its divine source, and it is this divine authority that gives the prophet's words their power and significance.

to them
The phrase "to them" refers to the specific audience Ezekiel is addressing, which in the context of the book, is the rebellious house of Israel. This highlights the personal and direct nature of God's communication. Despite their rebellion, God continues to reach out to His people, demonstrating His enduring commitment and desire for their repentance and restoration. The specificity of the audience also underscores the historical context of the Babylonian exile, where the Israelites were in need of guidance and hope.

whether they listen
"Whether they listen" introduces the concept of free will and human responsibility. The Hebrew word "shama" means to hear or listen, but it also implies obedience. This phrase acknowledges the possibility of rejection, yet it does not absolve the prophet from his duty. It reflects the reality that while God offers His word, it is up to the individuals to choose to accept or reject it. This highlights the persistent grace of God, who continues to offer His message even when faced with potential rejection.

or refuse
"Or refuse" presents the potential for disobedience and rejection. The Hebrew root "chadal" means to cease or desist, indicating a deliberate choice to stop listening or to reject the message. This phrase serves as a sobering reminder of the hardness of human hearts and the resistance to divine truth. It also emphasizes the prophet's role as a faithful messenger, whose success is not measured by the people's response but by his obedience to God's command.

for they are a rebellious house
The description "for they are a rebellious house" provides insight into the character and condition of the audience. The Hebrew word "meri" means rebellion or revolt, indicating a willful defiance against God's authority. This phrase contextualizes the challenge faced by Ezekiel and underscores the persistent nature of Israel's disobedience throughout their history. Despite this rebellion, God's continued communication through the prophet demonstrates His unwavering love and desire for their repentance and return to Him.

But you, son of man, listen to what I tell you
The phrase "But you, son of man," is a direct address to Ezekiel, emphasizing his humanity and distinct role as a prophet. The term "son of man" (Hebrew: "ben adam") is used frequently in the book of Ezekiel, highlighting the prophet's human nature in contrast to the divine messages he receives. This title underscores the humility and frailty of humanity, reminding Ezekiel of his position as a servant of God. In a broader biblical context, "son of man" is also a messianic title used in the New Testament, particularly in reference to Jesus Christ, who embodies both humanity and divinity.

listen to what I tell you
The command "listen" (Hebrew: "shama") is a call to obedience and attentiveness. In the Hebrew tradition, listening is not merely about hearing words but involves an active response and commitment to follow through with what is heard. This imperative sets the stage for the prophetic mission of Ezekiel, who must first internalize God's words before he can convey them to others. The phrase "what I tell you" signifies the divine origin of the message. Ezekiel is reminded that his authority as a prophet comes solely from God, and his task is to faithfully transmit God's words to the people of Israel. This highlights the importance of divine revelation and the responsibility of the prophet to remain true to the message, regardless of personal feelings or external pressures.

Do not rebel like that rebellious house
The warning "Do not rebel" (Hebrew: "marad") is a caution against disobedience and defiance. The term "rebel" conveys a strong sense of resistance against authority, which in this context refers to God's authority. The Israelites are often described as a "rebellious house" throughout the book of Ezekiel, reflecting their persistent disobedience and idolatry. This phrase serves as a stark reminder to Ezekiel of the consequences of rebellion and the importance of remaining faithful to God's commands. It also underscores the contrast between Ezekiel's expected obedience and the rebellious nature of the people he is sent to address.

Open your mouth and eat what I give you
The instruction "Open your mouth" is symbolic of readiness and willingness to receive God's word. It implies an active participation in the prophetic mission, where Ezekiel must not only hear but also internalize and digest the divine message. The act of eating is a metaphor for accepting and assimilating God's word, making it a part of oneself. The phrase "what I give you" emphasizes the divine provision and the sufficiency of God's word. It is a reminder that the prophet's sustenance and strength come from God alone, and that he must rely on divine wisdom rather than his own understanding. This imagery of eating the word is further developed in the following chapter, where Ezekiel consumes a scroll, symbolizing the internalization of God's message and the prophet's commitment to his calling.

Then I looked
This phrase marks a pivotal moment of attention and awareness for Ezekiel. The Hebrew root for "looked" is "ra'ah," which means to see or perceive. This is not merely a physical act of seeing but a spiritual awakening to the divine revelation. In the context of Ezekiel's prophetic calling, this signifies a readiness to receive God's message. It is a reminder that spiritual insight often begins with a deliberate focus on God’s presence and actions.

and saw a hand
The "hand" in biblical literature often symbolizes power, action, and authority. In Hebrew, "yad" is the word for hand, and it frequently represents God's intervention in human affairs. The imagery of a hand reaching out to Ezekiel suggests divine initiative and the personal nature of God's communication. It is a powerful reminder that God actively reaches out to His prophets and people, guiding and equipping them for their mission.

reaching out to me
This phrase emphasizes the personal and direct nature of God's interaction with Ezekiel. The act of reaching out indicates an intentional and purposeful gesture. In the Hebrew context, this conveys God's willingness to bridge the gap between the divine and human realms. It is an assurance that God is not distant but actively involved in the lives of His servants, offering guidance and revelation.

and in it was a scroll
The "scroll" is a significant symbol in biblical prophecy, representing the written word of God. In Hebrew, the word for scroll is "megillah," which denotes a rolled-up document. Scrolls were the primary means of recording and preserving important texts in ancient times. The presence of a scroll in this vision underscores the authority and permanence of God's message. It signifies that what Ezekiel is about to receive is not just a verbal communication but a divinely inscribed mandate, carrying the weight and authority of God's eternal word.

And He spread it before me
This phrase indicates a divine action, where God Himself is revealing something significant to Ezekiel. The Hebrew root for "spread" is "פָּרַשׂ" (paras), which can mean to unfold or display. This act of spreading signifies the openness and transparency of God's message. In a historical context, scrolls were often unrolled to reveal their contents, symbolizing the unveiling of divine truth. The act of God spreading the scroll before Ezekiel emphasizes the importance and urgency of the message being delivered.

and it was written on the front and back
The detail that the scroll was written on both sides is significant. In ancient times, scrolls were typically written on one side due to the texture of the papyrus or parchment. A scroll written on both sides indicates a fullness or completeness of the message, suggesting that nothing is left out. This could symbolize the comprehensive nature of God's judgment and the thoroughness of His communication. Theologically, it underscores the idea that God's word is all-encompassing and leaves no room for misunderstanding.

And it contained words of lamentation, mourning, and woe
The content of the scroll is described with three powerful terms: "lamentation," "mourning," and "woe." The Hebrew words used here are "קִינָה" (qinah) for lamentation, "אֵבֶל" (evel) for mourning, and "הוֹי" (hoy) for woe. These words convey a deep sense of sorrow and impending judgment. "Lamentation" refers to a dirge or a song of sorrow, often associated with funerals or great loss. "Mourning" indicates a period of grief and reflection, a response to the recognition of sin and its consequences. "Woe" is an expression of distress and impending doom, often used by prophets to announce divine judgment. Together, these words paint a picture of the severe and somber message that Ezekiel is tasked with delivering. Historically, this reflects the dire situation of Israel at the time, facing the consequences of their rebellion against God. Spiritually, it serves as a warning to all believers about the seriousness of sin and the reality of divine justice.