Be careful
The phrase "Be careful" is a call to vigilance and mindfulness. In the Greek, the word used is "προσέχετε" (prosechete), which means to pay attention or be cautious. This is a directive from Jesus, emphasizing the importance of intentionality in our actions. It is a reminder that our spiritual life requires active engagement and discernment, ensuring that our motives align with God's will rather than seeking human approval.

not to perform
The Greek word here is "ποιεῖν" (poiein), which means to do or to make. This implies that our actions, particularly those of a spiritual or religious nature, should not be carried out with the intent of showcasing them to others. The focus is on the authenticity of our deeds, ensuring they stem from a genuine heart rather than a desire for recognition.

your righteous acts
"Righteous acts" refers to deeds of piety and charity, known in Greek as "δικαιοσύνην" (dikaiosynēn). In the Jewish tradition, acts of righteousness included almsgiving, prayer, and fasting. These were integral to a devout life, yet Jesus warns against performing them for the wrong reasons. The emphasis is on the inner righteousness that God desires, which surpasses mere external compliance.

before men
The phrase "before men" highlights the public nature of the actions being cautioned against. The Greek "ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων" (emprosthen tōn anthrōpōn) suggests a performance for an audience. Jesus is addressing the temptation to seek validation and praise from others, which can corrupt the purity of our intentions and lead us away from true spiritual fulfillment.

to be seen by them
This phrase underscores the motivation behind the actions—visibility and recognition. The Greek "θεαθῆναι αὐτοῖς" (theathēnai autois) conveys the idea of being observed or admired. Jesus warns that when our primary goal is to be noticed, we lose sight of the divine purpose of our actions, which should be to honor God and serve others selflessly.

If you do
This conditional statement introduces the consequence of acting with the wrong motives. It serves as a cautionary note, urging believers to reflect on their intentions. The Greek "εἰ δὲ μήγε" (ei de mēge) implies a choice, highlighting the importance of self-examination and the potential spiritual loss when actions are driven by the desire for human approval.

you will have no reward
The concept of "no reward" is significant in the context of divine recompense. The Greek "οὐκ ἔχετε μισθὸν" (ouk echete misthon) indicates a lack of heavenly reward. Jesus teaches that when we seek earthly recognition, we forfeit the eternal rewards that come from God. This serves as a powerful reminder of the eternal perspective we are called to maintain.

from your Father in heaven
This phrase emphasizes the source of true reward—God the Father. The Greek "παρὰ τῷ πατρὶ ὑμῶν τῷ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς" (para tō patri hymōn tō en tois ouranois) points to the intimate relationship between believers and God. It is a reminder that our ultimate accountability and reward come from Him, not from earthly accolades. This heavenly focus encourages believers to live with integrity and sincerity, seeking to please God above all else.

So when you give to the needy
The phrase "when you give to the needy" implies an expectation of generosity. The Greek word for "give" here is "ἐλεημοσύνη" (eleēmosynē), which refers to acts of mercy or charity. This reflects a cultural and religious duty deeply embedded in Jewish tradition, where almsgiving was a fundamental expression of faith and compassion. The expectation is not if you give, but when, indicating that charitable acts are a natural and essential part of a believer's life.

do not sound a trumpet before you
The imagery of "sound a trumpet" is metaphorical, suggesting a public display of one's charitable acts. Historically, there is no evidence of literal trumpets being used in this context, but the phrase captures the essence of seeking attention and recognition. The trumpet, often associated with announcements and calls to attention, symbolizes the desire for public acknowledgment. This admonition warns against the prideful display of piety, which detracts from the sincerity of the act.

as the hypocrites do
The term "hypocrites" comes from the Greek "ὑποκριτής" (hypokritēs), originally meaning an actor or one who wears a mask. In this context, it refers to those who perform acts of charity for show rather than from genuine compassion. Jesus criticizes this behavior, highlighting the importance of authenticity in one's spiritual life. The hypocrites' actions are superficial, aimed at gaining human approval rather than divine favor.

in the synagogues and on the streets
The mention of "synagogues and on the streets" indicates the public venues where religious and social life intersected. Synagogues were central to Jewish community life, serving as places of worship, teaching, and communal gatherings. Streets, on the other hand, were the bustling centers of daily life. By choosing these locations, the hypocrites sought maximum visibility for their acts, prioritizing human praise over spiritual integrity.

to be honored by men
The desire "to be honored by men" reveals the underlying motivation of the hypocrites' actions. The Greek word for "honored" is "δοξάζω" (doxazō), which means to glorify or praise. This pursuit of human glory contrasts sharply with the biblical call to seek God's approval above all. The passage challenges believers to examine their motives, emphasizing that true righteousness seeks God's glory, not personal acclaim.

Truly I tell you, they already have their reward
The phrase "Truly I tell you" underscores the certainty and authority of Jesus' statement. The Greek word "ἀμήν" (amēn) is used, often translated as "verily" or "truly," signifying a solemn affirmation. The "reward" mentioned is the fleeting praise of people, which is the only compensation the hypocrites will receive. This serves as a sobering reminder that earthly recognition is temporary and pales in comparison to the eternal rewards promised by God for genuine acts of faith and love.

But when you give to the needy
This phrase sets the context for the teaching of Jesus on almsgiving. The Greek word for "give" is "ποιέω" (poieo), which implies an action that is intentional and purposeful. The act of giving is not merely a transaction but a deliberate act of kindness and charity. The term "needy" translates from the Greek "ἐλεημοσύνη" (eleēmosynē), which refers to acts of mercy or almsgiving. Historically, giving to the needy was a significant aspect of Jewish religious life, deeply rooted in the Torah's teachings. This phrase emphasizes the expectation that followers of Christ will naturally engage in acts of charity as an expression of their faith.

do not let your left hand know
This metaphorical expression uses the imagery of the left and right hands to illustrate the concept of secrecy and humility in giving. The "left hand" and "right hand" are often used in biblical language to denote different aspects of human action and intention. The idea here is to perform acts of charity without seeking attention or recognition. In the cultural context of Jesus' time, public displays of piety were common, and this teaching challenges the believer to pursue a higher standard of righteousness that is inward and sincere.

what your right hand is doing
The "right hand" in biblical symbolism often represents strength and action. In this context, it signifies the act of giving itself. The instruction that the left hand should not know what the right hand is doing underscores the importance of discretion and selflessness in charitable acts. This teaching aligns with the broader biblical principle that true righteousness is a matter of the heart and not merely external compliance. The historical context reveals that Jesus was addressing a culture where religious acts were sometimes performed for social status, and He calls His followers to a deeper, more authentic expression of faith that seeks God's approval rather than human praise.

so that your giving
The phrase "your giving" refers to acts of charity or almsgiving, which were common practices in Jewish culture. The Greek word used here is "ἐλεημοσύνη" (eleēmosynē), which implies acts of mercy or compassion. In the historical context, giving was not just a financial transaction but a spiritual act of kindness and love towards others, reflecting God's own generosity.

may be in secret
The emphasis on "in secret" underscores the importance of humility and sincerity in charitable acts. The Greek word "κρυπτός" (kryptos) means hidden or concealed. This reflects a heart posture that seeks to honor God rather than gain human approval. In the cultural context of Jesus' time, public displays of piety were common, and Jesus challenges this by advocating for a private, genuine relationship with God.

And your Father
The term "your Father" is deeply personal and relational, highlighting the intimate relationship believers have with God. The Greek word "πατήρ" (patēr) signifies not just a paternal figure but one who is caring and involved in the lives of His children. This reflects the covenant relationship God has with His people, as seen throughout Scripture.

who sees what is done in secret
This phrase emphasizes God's omniscience. The Greek word "βλέπω" (blepō) means to see or perceive, indicating that nothing is hidden from God. This assurance that God sees even the hidden acts of righteousness provides comfort and motivation for believers to act with integrity, knowing that their efforts are recognized by God, even if unseen by others.

will reward you
The promise that God "will reward you" speaks to the divine justice and faithfulness of God. The Greek word "ἀποδίδωμι" (apodidōmi) means to give back or repay. This suggests that God, in His perfect timing and wisdom, will honor those who serve Him faithfully. The reward is not necessarily material but can be spiritual blessings, peace, and eternal rewards in heaven, aligning with the broader biblical teaching on treasures in heaven.

And when you pray
This phrase sets the expectation that prayer is a regular and essential part of a believer's life. The Greek word for "pray" here is "προσεύχομαι" (proseuchomai), which implies a direct and personal communication with God. It suggests an ongoing relationship rather than a ritualistic duty. Historically, prayer was a central practice in Jewish life, and Jesus assumes His followers will continue this tradition, but with a heart aligned to God’s will.

do not be like the hypocrites
The term "hypocrites" comes from the Greek "ὑποκριτής" (hypokritēs), originally referring to actors in a play. In this context, it denotes those who perform religious acts for show rather than from genuine devotion. Jesus warns against the danger of performing spiritual disciplines for the sake of appearance, highlighting the importance of sincerity in one's relationship with God.

for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners
The phrase "standing in the synagogues and on the street corners" illustrates the public nature of the hypocrites' prayers. In ancient Jewish culture, synagogues were central places of worship and community gathering, while street corners were busy and visible locations. The Greek word "ἀγαπῶσιν" (agapōsin) for "love" indicates a strong preference or desire, suggesting that these individuals prioritize public recognition over genuine communion with God.

to be seen by men
This phrase reveals the motivation behind the hypocrites' actions. The Greek "ὀφθῶσιν" (ophthōsin) means "to be seen" or "to appear," emphasizing the external focus of their prayers. The desire for human approval and admiration is contrasted with the divine approval that should be the true aim of prayer. This reflects a broader biblical theme where God values the heart's intentions over outward appearances.

Truly I tell you, they already have their reward
The word "Truly" is translated from the Greek "ἀμὴν" (amēn), a term of affirmation and certainty. Jesus uses it to underscore the truth of His statement. The "reward" mentioned here is the fleeting approval of people, which is the only compensation the hypocrites will receive. This serves as a cautionary reminder that earthly recognition is temporary and pales in comparison to the eternal rewards from God for those who seek Him with a pure heart.

But when you pray
The phrase "But when you pray" indicates an expectation of prayer as a regular practice for believers. The Greek word for "pray" here is "προσεύχομαι" (proseuchomai), which implies a direct and personal communication with God. This suggests that prayer is not merely a ritual but a heartfelt dialogue with the Creator. Historically, prayer has been a cornerstone of Jewish and Christian life, reflecting a deep dependence on and relationship with God.

go into your inner room
The "inner room" refers to a private, secluded place. The Greek term "ταμεῖον" (tameion) can mean a storeroom or a private chamber, emphasizing the importance of privacy in prayer. In the historical context of first-century Judea, homes often had a small room used for storage or privacy. This instruction underscores the value of intimacy and focus in prayer, away from distractions and the eyes of others.

shut your door
"Shut your door" further emphasizes the need for privacy and concentration. The act of closing the door symbolizes shutting out the world and its distractions, creating a sacred space for communion with God. This action reflects a deliberate choice to prioritize time with God, highlighting the personal and intimate nature of prayer.

and pray to your Father
The phrase "pray to your Father" highlights the relational aspect of prayer. The use of "Father" (Greek: "πατήρ," pater) signifies a close, familial relationship with God, who is approachable and loving. This term would have resonated deeply with Jesus' audience, who understood the father-child relationship as one of care, provision, and authority.

who is unseen
"Who is unseen" acknowledges the invisible nature of God. The Greek word "ἀόρατος" (aoratos) means not visible to the human eye, reminding believers that faith is required to engage with God. This unseen presence assures believers that God is always near, even when not physically visible, encouraging trust and reliance on His omnipresence.

And your Father, who sees what is done in secret
This phrase reassures believers that God is omniscient, fully aware of all actions, even those hidden from human view. The Greek word "βλέπω" (blepo) for "sees" implies a deep, penetrating vision. This assurance of God's awareness provides comfort and accountability, knowing that sincere, private devotion is valued by God.

will reward you
The promise "will reward you" speaks to the certainty of God's response to sincere prayer. The Greek word "ἀποδίδωμι" (apodidomi) for "reward" suggests a giving back or recompense. This reward is not necessarily material but can be spiritual, such as peace, guidance, or a deeper relationship with God. Historically, this assurance would have encouraged early Christians facing persecution, reminding them that their faithfulness would not go unnoticed by God.

And when you pray
This phrase sets the context for the instruction that follows. The Greek word for "pray" is "προσεύχομαι" (proseuchomai), which implies a direct communication with God. Prayer is not merely a ritualistic act but a sincere dialogue with the Creator. Historically, prayer has been a central practice in Jewish tradition, and Jesus is emphasizing its importance in the life of a believer. The phrase suggests an expectation that prayer is a regular and integral part of a Christian's life.

do not babble on
The Greek word used here is "βαττολογήσητε" (battologēsēte), which means to speak without thinking, to stammer, or to use vain repetitions. This term is unique and suggests a meaningless repetition of words. In the historical context, many pagan practices involved repetitive chanting to invoke the favor of their gods. Jesus is instructing His followers to avoid such empty practices, emphasizing that prayer should be thoughtful and heartfelt.

like pagans
The term "pagans" refers to those who worship false gods or idols, often characterized by ritualistic and superstitious practices. In the Greco-Roman world, pagan worship was prevalent, and it often involved elaborate ceremonies and incantations. By contrasting His followers with pagans, Jesus is calling for a distinct and sincere approach to prayer, one that is based on a relationship with the one true God rather than on ritualistic formulas.

for they think
This phrase highlights the misguided belief of the pagans. The Greek word "δοκοῦσιν" (dokousin) implies an assumption or opinion. It reflects a misunderstanding of the nature of God and prayer. Jesus is pointing out that the effectiveness of prayer is not determined by the quantity of words but by the quality of the heart behind them.

that by their many words
The phrase "many words" translates from the Greek "πολυλογία" (polylogia), which means excessive talking. This reflects a belief that verbosity can influence the divine. In contrast, Jesus teaches that God is not swayed by the length of prayers but by their sincerity and faith. This challenges believers to focus on the substance of their prayers rather than their length.

they will be heard
The desire to be heard is universal in prayer, but Jesus clarifies that it is not the multitude of words that ensures God's attention. The Greek word "εἰσακουσθήσονται" (eisakousthēsontai) means to be listened to or heeded. This assurance is rooted in the character of God, who is attentive to the prayers of His children. Jesus is encouraging believers to trust in God's willingness to listen, based on His love and relationship with them, rather than on human efforts to gain His attention.

Do not be like them
This phrase serves as a direct instruction from Jesus, urging His followers to distinguish themselves from the practices of the pagans or hypocrites. The Greek word for "like" is "homoioi," which implies a resemblance or imitation. In the context of Matthew 6, Jesus is addressing the manner in which people pray. The historical context reveals that during this time, many religious leaders and pagans engaged in repetitive and ostentatious prayers to gain attention or favor. Jesus calls His followers to a higher standard, emphasizing sincerity and authenticity in their relationship with God.

for your Father
The term "Father" is translated from the Greek "Pater," which denotes a personal and intimate relationship. This was a revolutionary concept for Jesus' audience, as it emphasized a personal connection with God rather than a distant or impersonal deity. The use of "Father" underscores the familial relationship believers have with God, highlighting His care, provision, and authority. This relationship is foundational to understanding the nature of prayer and the confidence believers can have in approaching God.

knows what you need
The Greek word for "knows" is "oida," which implies a complete and full understanding. This suggests that God's knowledge of our needs is not superficial but profound and comprehensive. The historical context of this assurance is significant, as it contrasts with the pagan belief that gods needed to be informed or persuaded through elaborate rituals. Jesus reassures His followers that God is already aware of their needs, emphasizing His omniscience and the futility of trying to manipulate or inform God through prayer.

before you ask Him
This phrase highlights the preemptive nature of God's knowledge and care. The Greek word "pro" (before) indicates that God's awareness of our needs precedes our requests. This is a comforting assurance that God is proactive in His care for us, and it encourages believers to trust in His provision. The scriptural context here aligns with the broader biblical narrative of God's sovereignty and His intimate involvement in the lives of His people. It invites believers to approach prayer with confidence, knowing that they are communicating with a God who is already attentive to their circumstances and needs.

So then, this is how you should pray
This phrase introduces the Lord's Prayer, a model for Christian prayer. The Greek word for "pray" is "proseuchomai," which implies a direct, earnest communication with God. Jesus is instructing His followers on the manner and attitude of prayer, emphasizing sincerity and reverence. This introduction sets the stage for a prayer that is both communal and personal, highlighting the importance of approaching God with humility and respect.

Our Father
The term "Father" is translated from the Greek "Pater," which signifies a close, intimate relationship. In a historical context, addressing God as "Father" was revolutionary, as it denotes a personal and familial relationship rather than a distant deity. This reflects the Christian belief in being children of God, adopted into His family through faith in Jesus Christ. The use of "Our" emphasizes the communal aspect of the prayer, reminding believers of their shared identity and unity in Christ.

in heaven
The phrase "in heaven" acknowledges God's sovereignty and transcendence. The Greek word "ouranos" refers to the heavens or the sky, symbolizing God's exalted position above all creation. This recognition of God's heavenly dwelling underscores His majesty and authority, reminding believers of His omnipotence and the divine order of the universe. It also serves to elevate the prayer, directing the focus from earthly concerns to heavenly realities.

hallowed be Your name
"Hallowed" comes from the Greek "hagiazo," meaning to sanctify or make holy. This phrase is a declaration of reverence for God's name, which in biblical terms represents His character and essence. In ancient Jewish culture, names held significant meaning, and God's name was considered sacred and powerful. By praying for God's name to be hallowed, believers express a desire for His holiness to be recognized and revered throughout the world. This petition aligns with the biblical call to live lives that honor and reflect God's holiness, as seen in Leviticus 11:44, "Be holy, for I am holy."

Your kingdom come
The phrase "Your kingdom come" is a petition for the reign of God to be established on earth. The Greek word for "kingdom" is "basileia," which implies not just a physical realm but the rule and authority of God. In a historical context, the Jewish people longed for the Messianic kingdom prophesied in the Old Testament, a time when God's justice and peace would prevail. This prayer reflects a deep yearning for God's sovereign rule to manifest in the world, transforming hearts and societies according to His divine purpose.

Your will be done
The Greek word for "will" is "thelēma," which denotes a desire or wish. This phrase is a submission to God's divine plan, acknowledging that His purposes are higher and more perfect than human understanding. In the scriptural context, it echoes Jesus' own submission to the Father's will, especially evident in His prayer at Gethsemane (Matthew 26:39). It is a call for believers to align their lives with God's desires, trusting in His wisdom and timing.

on earth as it is in heaven
This phrase bridges the divine and the earthly, expressing a desire for the perfection and harmony of heaven to be reflected on earth. The Greek word for "earth" is "gē," and "heaven" is "ouranos." In Jewish thought, heaven is the realm of God's complete and unchallenged authority, where His will is perfectly enacted. The prayer seeks for that same divine order to be realized in the earthly realm, suggesting a transformative vision where God's peace, justice, and love are fully experienced in human life. This reflects the eschatological hope of a new creation, where God's presence is fully realized among His people.

Give us
The phrase "Give us" in Matthew 6:11 reflects a posture of dependence and humility before God. The Greek word used here is "δίδωμι" (didōmi), which means to give or grant. This request acknowledges that all provisions come from God, emphasizing our reliance on His grace and generosity. In the historical context of the Jewish audience, this would resonate deeply, as they were accustomed to daily reliance on God, reminiscent of the Israelites receiving manna in the wilderness. This phrase encourages believers to approach God with the confidence that He is a loving Father who delights in providing for His children.

this day
The phrase "this day" underscores the immediacy and daily nature of our dependence on God. The Greek word "σήμερον" (sēmeron) translates to "today," emphasizing the present moment. This reflects a trust in God's provision for each day, rather than worrying about the future. In the historical context, daily sustenance was a common concern, and Jesus' teaching here encourages a focus on the present, trusting God to meet today's needs. This aligns with the broader biblical theme of living in the present and trusting God for the future, as seen in passages like Lamentations 3:22-23, which speaks of God's mercies being new every morning.

our daily
The term "our daily" is derived from the Greek word "ἐπιούσιος" (epiousios), which is unique to the Lord's Prayer and has been the subject of much scholarly debate. It is often understood to mean "necessary for existence" or "sufficient for the day." This phrase highlights the personal and communal aspect of the prayer, as it is not just a personal request but one made on behalf of the community of believers. Historically, this would resonate with the early Christian community's practice of sharing resources and caring for one another's needs, as seen in Acts 2:44-45. It reminds believers that God's provision is both personal and communal, encouraging a spirit of generosity and mutual support.

bread
The word "bread" in this context is "ἄρτος" (artos) in Greek, which can refer to literal bread or symbolize sustenance and provision in a broader sense. Bread was a staple in the ancient Near Eastern diet, representing the basic necessities of life. In a scriptural context, bread also carries significant theological weight, as it is associated with God's provision (e.g., manna in the wilderness) and with Jesus Himself, who is the "bread of life" (John 6:35). This request for bread is a recognition of God's role as the provider of all our needs, both physical and spiritual. It invites believers to trust in God's provision and to seek Him as the source of all sustenance.

And forgive us
The Greek word for "forgive" here is "ἀφίημι" (aphiēmi), which means to send away, let go, or release. In the context of this prayer, it signifies a plea for God to release us from the burden of our sins. This request acknowledges our dependence on God's grace and mercy. Historically, forgiveness was a central theme in Jewish teachings, emphasizing the need for repentance and divine pardon. The act of seeking forgiveness is a humbling acknowledgment of our imperfections and a recognition of God's sovereignty and compassion.

our debts
The term "debts" is translated from the Greek word "ὀφειλήματα" (opheilēmata), which can refer to financial obligations but, in this context, symbolizes moral and spiritual debts—our sins and transgressions against God. In Jewish tradition, sin was often viewed as a debt owed to God, requiring atonement. This metaphor highlights the seriousness of sin and the need for divine intervention to restore the broken relationship between humanity and God. It reminds believers of the weight of their sins and the necessity of seeking God's forgiveness to be spiritually free.

as we also have forgiven
The phrase underscores the reciprocal nature of forgiveness in Christian teaching. The Greek word "ἀφήκαμεν" (aphēkamen) is used here, indicating a past action of forgiving others. This reflects the biblical principle that receiving God's forgiveness is intrinsically linked to our willingness to forgive those who have wronged us. Historically, this concept is rooted in Jewish law and teachings, where forgiveness was a moral duty. It serves as a reminder that harboring unforgiveness can hinder our relationship with God and others, and that true forgiveness is an act of grace that mirrors God's own forgiveness.

our debtors
The word "debtors" comes from the Greek "ὀφειλέταις" (opheiletais), referring to those who owe us, not just in a financial sense but in terms of offenses or wrongs committed against us. This phrase calls believers to extend the same grace and mercy to others that they seek from God. In the historical context of Jesus' time, debts were a common part of life, and the release from such obligations was a powerful act of mercy. This teaching challenges Christians to embody the love and forgiveness of Christ, fostering reconciliation and peace in their relationships.

And lead us not into temptation
This phrase is a petition for divine guidance and protection. The Greek word for "lead" is "εἰσφέρω" (eispherō), which implies bringing or carrying into a situation. Theologically, this acknowledges God's sovereignty over our paths and the trials we face. "Temptation" in Greek is "πειρασμός" (peirasmos), which can mean both a trial and a temptation. Historically, this reflects the Jewish understanding of God as a guide who can either protect from or allow trials for growth. Theologically, it underscores human vulnerability and the need for divine assistance to avoid sin.

but deliver us from the evil one
The Greek word for "deliver" is "ῥύομαι" (rhyomai), meaning to rescue or save. This is a plea for salvation from the "evil one," which in Greek is "πονηρός" (ponēros), often interpreted as Satan or the embodiment of evil. This reflects the early Christian understanding of spiritual warfare and the reality of evil forces. Theologically, it emphasizes the believer's reliance on God's power to overcome evil, aligning with the broader biblical narrative of God's ultimate victory over sin and Satan. This phrase reassures believers of God's protective and redemptive power in the face of spiritual adversity.

For if you forgive
The phrase "for if you forgive" introduces a conditional statement that emphasizes the importance of forgiveness in the life of a believer. The Greek word for "forgive" is "ἀφίημι" (aphiēmi), which means to send away, let go, or release. This implies a conscious decision to release someone from a debt or offense. In the historical context of Jesus' teaching, forgiveness was a radical departure from the prevailing cultural norms of retribution and justice. The act of forgiving is not just a suggestion but a command that reflects the heart of God, who desires reconciliation and peace among His people.

men their trespasses
The term "men" refers to humanity in general, indicating that forgiveness is not limited to a select few but is to be extended to all. "Trespasses" is translated from the Greek word "παράπτωμα" (paraptōma), which means a misstep or a fall beside something. It conveys the idea of a moral failure or sin. In the Jewish context, trespasses were often seen as violations of God's law, requiring atonement. Jesus' teaching here underscores the necessity of forgiving others' moral failures as a reflection of God's grace towards us. It challenges believers to rise above personal grievances and embody the love and mercy of Christ.

your Heavenly Father
This phrase highlights the intimate relationship between believers and God. The term "Heavenly Father" is a reminder of God's sovereignty and His paternal care for His children. In the Jewish tradition, God was often seen as a distant and unapproachable deity, but Jesus redefines this relationship by emphasizing God's closeness and willingness to engage with His people. The use of "Heavenly" signifies God's divine nature and His authority over all creation. It reassures believers that they are under the care of a loving and forgiving Father who desires their well-being and spiritual growth.

will also forgive you
The promise that "will also forgive you" is a profound assurance of God's grace and mercy. The Greek word for "forgive" here is the same as earlier, "ἀφίημι" (aphiēmi), reinforcing the reciprocal nature of forgiveness. This statement is not merely transactional but relational, emphasizing that God's forgiveness is contingent upon our willingness to forgive others. It reflects the biblical principle of sowing and reaping, where the measure we use towards others will be used towards us (Luke 6:38). This promise encourages believers to live in a state of grace, continually extending forgiveness as they have received it from God. It is a call to embody the character of Christ, who forgave even those who crucified Him.

But if you do not forgive
The phrase "But if you do not forgive" serves as a conditional statement, emphasizing the necessity of forgiveness in the life of a believer. The Greek word for "forgive" is "ἀφίημι" (aphiēmi), which means to send away, let go, or release. In the context of first-century Jewish culture, forgiveness was not merely an emotional release but a conscious decision to absolve someone of their debt or wrongdoing. This reflects the broader biblical principle that forgiveness is an act of will, aligning with God's nature and His commands.

men their trespasses
The term "men" here refers to humanity in general, indicating that forgiveness should be extended to all people, not just those within one's immediate community or faith. "Trespasses" is translated from the Greek word "παραπτώματα" (paraptōmata), which means a falling away or a lapse in moral conduct. This word choice highlights the human propensity to err and the need for grace. Historically, the Jewish understanding of sin included both intentional and unintentional acts, and Jesus' teaching here underscores the importance of forgiving all types of offenses.

neither will your Father forgive
This phrase introduces a reciprocal principle, where the forgiveness we extend to others is directly linked to the forgiveness we receive from God. The use of "your Father" personalizes the relationship between the believer and God, emphasizing His role as a loving and just parent. The Greek word for "forgive" remains "ἀφίημι" (aphiēmi), reinforcing the idea of releasing or letting go. This reflects the covenantal relationship between God and His people, where obedience and mercy are intertwined.

your trespasses
The repetition of "trespasses" serves to remind the reader of their own moral failings and the grace they require. In the broader scriptural context, this aligns with the teachings of Jesus on humility and self-awareness, recognizing one's own need for forgiveness. The historical context of this teaching, delivered during the Sermon on the Mount, would have resonated deeply with a Jewish audience familiar with the sacrificial system and the need for atonement. Jesus' message here is radical, shifting the focus from ritualistic practices to the condition of the heart and the importance of interpersonal relationships.

When you fast
The phrase "When you fast" implies an expectation that fasting is a regular practice among believers. The Greek word for fast, "nēsteuō," means to abstain from food for spiritual purposes. Fasting is a discipline that has been practiced throughout biblical history, from Moses on Mount Sinai (Exodus 34:28) to Jesus in the wilderness (Matthew 4:2). It is a time for believers to humble themselves before God, seeking His presence and guidance.

do not be somber
The instruction "do not be somber" suggests that fasting should not be accompanied by a display of sadness or gloom. The Greek word "skythrōpos" conveys a sense of a gloomy or sullen appearance. Jesus is teaching that fasting should be a joyful and sincere act of devotion, not a performance to gain the admiration of others.

like the hypocrites
The term "hypocrites" comes from the Greek "hypokritēs," originally referring to actors who wore masks. In a religious context, it denotes those who put on a false appearance of piety. Jesus frequently criticized the Pharisees for their hypocrisy, as they often performed religious acts for public recognition rather than genuine devotion (Matthew 23:5).

for they disfigure their faces
The phrase "for they disfigure their faces" indicates a deliberate act to appear more pious. The Greek word "aphanizō" means to make unrecognizable or to mar. This act of disfiguring was a way to draw attention to their fasting, turning a private act of worship into a public spectacle.

to show men they are fasting
The motivation "to show men they are fasting" reveals the heart issue Jesus addresses. The Greek word "phanerō" means to make visible or manifest. The hypocrites' fasting was not for God but for human approval. Jesus warns against practicing righteousness for the sake of being seen by others (Matthew 6:1).

Truly I tell you
The phrase "Truly I tell you" is a solemn affirmation used by Jesus to emphasize the truth of His statement. The Greek "amēn legō hymin" underscores the certainty and importance of what follows. It is a call to listen carefully and take His words to heart.

they already have their reward
The conclusion "they already have their reward" highlights the temporary and shallow nature of human praise. The Greek word "misthos" refers to wages or payment. Those who fast for public recognition receive their "reward" in the form of fleeting human admiration, but they forfeit the eternal reward that comes from God. Jesus encourages His followers to seek the approval of the Father, who sees what is done in secret and rewards accordingly (Matthew 6:18).

But when you fast
The phrase "when you fast" implies an expectation rather than a command. Fasting is assumed to be a regular part of the believer's spiritual discipline. The Greek word for fast, "nēsteuō," means to abstain from food for spiritual purposes. Historically, fasting was a common practice among the Jews, often associated with mourning or repentance. However, Jesus redefines fasting as a personal devotion to God, not for public display. This aligns with the broader context of Matthew 6, where Jesus emphasizes sincerity in religious practices.

anoint your head
The act of anointing the head, from the Greek "aleiphō," was a customary practice in ancient times, often associated with joy and celebration. In the context of fasting, it serves as a counter-cultural act. Instead of displaying signs of deprivation, Jesus instructs His followers to maintain their appearance, symbolizing inner joy and contentment. This instruction challenges the hypocritical practices of the Pharisees, who sought public recognition for their fasting. Anointing the head signifies a focus on the inward relationship with God rather than outward appearances.

and wash your face
Washing the face, a simple act of personal hygiene, further emphasizes the theme of normalcy and discretion in fasting. The Greek word "niptō" means to cleanse or wash. In the cultural context, washing was a daily routine, signifying purity and readiness. By instructing His followers to wash their faces, Jesus underscores the importance of maintaining a normal outward appearance, ensuring that fasting remains a private matter between the individual and God. This act of washing symbolizes spiritual cleansing and renewal, aligning with the inward focus of true fasting.

so that your fasting
The phrase "so that your fasting" indicates the purpose of the instruction given by Jesus. The Greek word for fasting, "nēsteia," refers to the practice of abstaining from food for spiritual purposes. In the Jewish tradition, fasting was a common practice, often associated with repentance, mourning, or seeking God's favor. Jesus emphasizes the spiritual intent behind fasting, rather than the outward act itself.

will not be obvious to men
The phrase "will not be obvious to men" underscores the importance of humility and sincerity in spiritual practices. The Greek word "phanerōs" means to be visible or apparent. Jesus warns against performing religious acts for the sake of human recognition. This teaching aligns with the broader biblical theme of God valuing the heart's intentions over external appearances, as seen in 1 Samuel 16:7.

but only to your Father
"but only to your Father" highlights the intimate and personal relationship between the believer and God. The Greek word "monon" means only or alone, emphasizing exclusivity. This phrase encourages believers to focus on their relationship with God, rather than seeking approval from others. It reflects the teaching that true worship is directed solely towards God, as seen in the Shema (Deuteronomy 6:4-5).

who is unseen
The phrase "who is unseen" refers to the invisible nature of God. The Greek word "kryptos" means hidden or concealed. This highlights the transcendence of God, who is not bound by physical form or human perception. It serves as a reminder that God is omnipresent and omniscient, aware of all things, even those hidden from human eyes.

And your Father, who sees what is done in secret
This phrase emphasizes God's omniscience and His ability to see beyond outward appearances. The Greek word "blepō" means to see or perceive. It reassures believers that God is aware of their sincere acts of devotion, even when they are not visible to others. This aligns with the biblical principle that God rewards those who earnestly seek Him (Hebrews 11:6).

will reward you
The phrase "will reward you" speaks to the promise of divine recompense for genuine spiritual practices. The Greek word "apodidōmi" means to give back or repay. This assurance of reward is not necessarily material or immediate but reflects the eternal blessings and spiritual growth that come from a faithful relationship with God. It echoes the biblical theme of God as a just and generous Father, who delights in blessing His children (James 1:17).

Do not store up
The Greek word used here is "θησαυρίζετε" (thēsaurizete), which means to gather or accumulate. In the context of the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus is urging His followers to reconsider their priorities. The act of storing up implies a focus on accumulation and security in material wealth. Historically, this reflects a common human tendency to seek security in possessions, which Jesus challenges by pointing to a higher, spiritual focus.

for yourselves
This phrase emphasizes the self-centered nature of accumulating wealth. The focus is on personal gain and security, which contrasts with the biblical call to love and serve others. In the broader scriptural context, believers are encouraged to be generous and to consider the needs of others, reflecting the selfless love of Christ.

treasures on earth
The term "treasures" (Greek: "θησαυρούς," thēsaurous) refers to wealth or valuable possessions. Earthly treasures are temporary and vulnerable, as Jesus will illustrate. In the historical context, treasures could include money, goods, or property, all of which were susceptible to loss. The Bible consistently teaches that true treasure is found in spiritual, eternal things rather than in material wealth.

where moth and rust destroy
Moths and rust are symbols of decay and impermanence. In ancient times, wealth was often stored in the form of fine clothing and metals, both of which could be easily damaged. The Greek word for rust, "βρῶσις" (brōsis), can also mean "eating" or "consuming," suggesting the inevitable decay of material things. This imagery serves as a powerful reminder of the transient nature of earthly possessions.

and where thieves break in and steal
The vulnerability of earthly treasures is further highlighted by the threat of theft. In the ancient world, homes were often made of mud bricks, making them susceptible to break-ins. The Greek word "διορύσσουσιν" (dioryssousin) means to dig through, indicating the ease with which thieves could penetrate homes. This serves as a metaphor for the insecurity of relying on material wealth, which can be lost in an instant.

But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven
This phrase calls believers to focus on eternal values rather than earthly possessions. The Greek word for "store up" is "θησαυρίζω" (thēsaurizō), which means to gather or accumulate. In the context of the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus is urging His followers to prioritize spiritual wealth over material wealth. The "treasures in heaven" refer to the rewards and blessings that come from living a life in accordance with God's will, such as acts of kindness, love, and faithfulness. This heavenly focus aligns with the conservative Christian perspective that emphasizes living a life that reflects eternal truths and values.

where moth and rust do not destroy
The imagery of "moth and rust" speaks to the impermanence and vulnerability of earthly possessions. In ancient times, wealth was often stored in the form of clothing and metals, both of which were susceptible to decay and destruction. The Greek word for "rust" is "βρῶσις" (brōsis), which can also mean "eating" or "consuming," suggesting the inevitable decay of material goods. This phrase serves as a reminder that earthly treasures are temporary and can be easily lost, whereas heavenly treasures are eternal and secure.

and where thieves do not break in and steal
This part of the verse highlights the security of heavenly treasures. In the ancient world, homes were often made of mud bricks, making them vulnerable to break-ins. The Greek word for "break in" is "διορύσσω" (dioryssō), meaning to dig through, which reflects the method thieves used to enter homes. The assurance that heavenly treasures cannot be stolen underscores the idea that what is stored in heaven is protected by God Himself. This provides comfort and encouragement to believers, reinforcing the conservative Christian belief in the sovereignty and faithfulness of God to safeguard what truly matters.

For where
The phrase "For where" introduces a causal relationship, indicating that what follows is a direct consequence of what precedes. In the context of the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus is teaching about the priorities of the kingdom of heaven. The Greek word for "where" is "hopou," which signifies a specific location or condition. This sets the stage for understanding that the location of one's treasure is not merely physical but also spiritual and metaphorical.

your treasure
The term "treasure" comes from the Greek word "thēsauros," which refers to a storehouse or a place where valuables are kept. In the ancient world, treasures were often physical items like gold, silver, or precious stones. However, Jesus uses "treasure" to symbolize what one values most deeply. This could be material wealth, but it also encompasses spiritual and moral values. The concept of treasure challenges believers to reflect on what they prioritize and hold dear in their lives.

is
The word "is" serves as a linking verb, connecting the subject "your treasure" with the predicate "there your heart will be also." In Greek, the word "estin" is used, which is a form of the verb "to be." This emphasizes the present and continuous nature of the relationship between one's treasure and one's heart. It suggests an ongoing state of being, where the location of one's treasure continually influences the condition of the heart.

there
"There" refers to the place or condition where the treasure is located. It is a demonstrative adverb in Greek, "ekei," pointing to a specific location. This word underscores the idea that the heart is inevitably drawn to the place where one's treasure resides. It implies a direct correlation between the physical or metaphorical location of one's treasure and the orientation of one's heart.

your heart
The "heart" in biblical terms often represents the center of one's being, encompassing emotions, will, intellect, and moral character. The Greek word "kardia" is used here, which is the root of the English word "cardiac." In the biblical context, the heart is not just the seat of emotions but also the source of thoughts, intentions, and decisions. Jesus is teaching that the heart's focus and direction are determined by what one treasures.

will be also
The phrase "will be also" indicates a future certainty. The Greek word "estai" is used, which is a future tense of the verb "to be." This suggests an inevitable outcome: wherever one's treasure is, the heart will follow. It is a promise and a warning, highlighting the powerful influence of one's values and priorities on their inner life. The future tense emphasizes that the heart's alignment with one's treasure is not just a possibility but a certainty.

The eye
In the ancient world, the eye was often seen as a window to the soul, a conduit through which light and perception enter the body. The Greek word used here is "ophthalmos," which not only refers to the physical eye but also symbolizes spiritual insight and understanding. In a conservative Christian perspective, the eye represents our focus and attention, which should be directed towards God and His righteousness. The eye's role as a lamp suggests that it guides and influences our entire being, much like a lamp illuminates a room.

is the lamp
The metaphor of the lamp is significant in biblical literature, often symbolizing guidance, revelation, and truth. In Psalm 119:105, the Word of God is described as a "lamp to my feet and a light to my path." Here, the eye as the lamp implies that our perception and focus illuminate our spiritual journey. The Greek word "luchnos" for lamp indicates a source of light that dispels darkness, suggesting that a spiritually healthy eye leads to a life filled with divine truth and clarity.

of the body
The body, in this context, represents the entirety of a person's life and actions. The Greek word "sōma" refers to the physical body but also encompasses one's whole being, including thoughts, emotions, and spirit. The eye's condition directly affects the body's state, emphasizing the interconnectedness of our spiritual focus and our overall well-being. A conservative Christian interpretation would stress the importance of aligning one's vision with God's will to ensure that the body, or life, is directed by His light.

If your eyes are good
The phrase "good" translates from the Greek word "haplous," which can mean single, clear, or healthy. This suggests a purity and singularity of focus, undistracted by worldly temptations or sin. A "good" eye is one that is fixed on God, allowing His light to fill and guide the believer. In a conservative Christian view, this calls for a life of integrity and devotion, where one's spiritual vision is aligned with God's truth and righteousness.

your whole body will be full of light
The promise of being "full of light" indicates a life illuminated by God's presence and wisdom. The Greek word "phōteinos" means full of light or radiant, suggesting a transformation that occurs when one's focus is rightly placed. This light is not merely intellectual understanding but a deep, spiritual enlightenment that affects every aspect of life. From a conservative Christian perspective, this is the result of living in accordance with God's Word, allowing His truth to permeate and transform the believer's entire existence.

But if your eyes are bad
The phrase "your eyes are bad" can be understood in the context of spiritual perception and moral insight. The Greek word for "bad" here is "ponēros," which often denotes something evil or morally corrupt. In the cultural and historical context of the Bible, the eye was seen as a lamp that illuminates the body, symbolizing one's ability to perceive and understand spiritual truths. A "bad" eye suggests a lack of spiritual discernment or a focus on worldly rather than heavenly things. This aligns with the broader biblical theme that emphasizes the importance of having a pure heart and clear vision to discern God's will.

your whole body will be full of darkness
The imagery of the "whole body" being "full of darkness" underscores the comprehensive impact of spiritual blindness. In biblical symbolism, darkness often represents ignorance, sin, and separation from God. The Greek word "skotos" for "darkness" conveys a profound absence of light, both physically and metaphorically. Historically, darkness was feared and associated with chaos and evil. Thus, if one's spiritual perception is clouded, it affects one's entire being, leading to a life devoid of divine guidance and truth.

If then the light within you is darkness
This phrase presents a paradox, challenging the reader to consider the nature of their inner light. The "light within you" refers to one's inner understanding and moral compass. The Greek word "phōs" for "light" is often used in the New Testament to symbolize truth, knowledge, and the presence of God. If what one considers to be light is actually darkness, it suggests a profound self-deception or misunderstanding of spiritual truths. This serves as a warning to evaluate one's beliefs and values critically, ensuring they align with God's truth.

how great is that darkness!
The exclamation "how great is that darkness!" emphasizes the severity and depth of spiritual blindness. The Greek word "posos" for "how great" indicates an immeasurable or significant degree. This statement serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of living without true spiritual insight. In a historical and scriptural context, this darkness is not just a personal tragedy but also affects one's ability to influence and lead others towards the light of Christ. It calls believers to seek genuine understanding and alignment with God's will, ensuring that their inner light is indeed reflective of divine truth.

No one can serve two masters
This phrase introduces a profound truth about the nature of human loyalty and devotion. The Greek word for "serve" (δουλεύειν, douleuein) implies a form of servitude or slavery, indicating total commitment and obedience. In the historical context of the Roman Empire, slavery was a common institution, and a slave could not divide his allegiance between two owners. This sets the stage for understanding the impossibility of divided loyalty in spiritual matters.

Either he will hate the one and love the other
The juxtaposition of "hate" and "love" here is a Semitic expression used to denote preference or priority rather than emotional extremes. In the Hebrew mindset, to "hate" can mean to love less or to choose against. This phrase emphasizes the exclusivity required in our devotion to God, as divided affections lead to a compromised spiritual life.

or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other
The word "devoted" (ἀντέχεσθαι, antechesthai) suggests a strong attachment or adherence, while "despise" (καταφρονήσει, kataphronesei) implies looking down upon or undervaluing. Historically, this reflects the cultural understanding that a servant's loyalty was expected to be undivided and wholehearted. In a spiritual sense, this calls believers to a singular focus on God, rejecting anything that competes for His rightful place.

You cannot serve both God and money
The term "money" (μαμωνᾷ, mamona) is derived from the Aramaic word for wealth or riches, often personified as a false god or idol. This highlights the spiritual danger of materialism, which can become an idol that demands our allegiance. In the scriptural context, this serves as a warning against the seductive power of wealth, which can lead to spiritual compromise and a divided heart.

Therefore I tell you
This phrase marks a transition from the previous teachings of Jesus, emphasizing the authority and importance of His words. The Greek word for "therefore" (διὰ τοῦτο, dia touto) connects this teaching to the preceding verses about serving God rather than wealth. Jesus speaks with divine authority, urging His followers to pay close attention to what follows.

do not worry
The Greek word used here is μεριμνάω (merimnao), which means to be anxious or overly concerned. In the historical context, Jesus addresses a common human condition—worry about daily needs. This command is not merely a suggestion but a directive to trust in God's provision, reflecting a deep faith in His care and sovereignty.

about your life
The term "life" (ψυχή, psyche) encompasses more than just physical existence; it includes the soul and the essence of one's being. Jesus is teaching that life is more than material concerns, urging believers to focus on spiritual well-being and eternal matters rather than temporal anxieties.

what you will eat or drink
Food and drink are basic human necessities, and in the ancient world, securing these could be a daily struggle. Jesus uses these examples to illustrate that God, who provides for the birds of the air, will surely provide for His people. This reflects a call to trust in God's provision for our most basic needs.

or about your body
The body (σῶμα, soma) is the physical aspect of our being. Jesus acknowledges the human tendency to worry about physical health and appearance. However, He redirects focus from the temporal to the eternal, reminding believers that their bodies are temples of the Holy Spirit and should be entrusted to God's care.

what you will wear
Clothing, like food and drink, is a basic necessity. In biblical times, clothing was also a symbol of status and identity. Jesus challenges His followers to not be consumed by concerns over outward appearances or societal status, but to trust in God's provision and focus on inner spiritual beauty.

Is not life more than food
Here, Jesus emphasizes the greater value of life beyond mere physical sustenance. The rhetorical question invites reflection on the deeper purpose and meaning of life, which is found in relationship with God and living according to His will.

and the body more than clothes?
This phrase reinforces the idea that our existence and worth are not defined by material possessions or outward appearances. Jesus calls His followers to seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, trusting that all these things will be added unto them. This perspective encourages a life of faith, simplicity, and reliance on God's provision.

Look at the birds of the air
This phrase invites the reader to observe the natural world, specifically the birds, as a means of understanding divine provision. The Greek word for "look" (ἐμβλέπω) implies a deep, contemplative gaze, suggesting that this is not a casual observation but a call to meditate on God's creation. The "birds of the air" are a common biblical symbol for creatures that live in freedom and reliance on God's provision, as they are not bound by the worries of human life. Historically, birds have been seen as messengers of the divine, and their presence in the air signifies a realm that is closer to heaven, thus closer to God.

They do not sow or reap or gather into barns
This phrase highlights the natural order of creation, where birds do not engage in agricultural activities like humans. The Greek words for "sow" (σπείρω), "reap" (θερίζω), and "gather" (συνάγω) are agricultural terms that denote human effort and labor. In the historical context of ancient agrarian societies, these activities were essential for survival. By pointing out that birds do not engage in these activities, Jesus emphasizes the contrast between human anxiety over provision and the carefree existence of birds, which rely on God's provision.

and yet your Heavenly Father feeds them
This part of the verse underscores the providence of God. The phrase "Heavenly Father" (ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ οὐράνιος) is a reminder of the intimate relationship between God and His creation. The use of "feeds" (τρέφω) indicates a continuous action, suggesting that God's provision is ongoing and reliable. Historically, this reflects the Jewish understanding of God as a provider, as seen in the Old Testament with the provision of manna in the wilderness. It reassures believers of God's care and provision, even for the smallest creatures.

Are you not much more valuable than they?
This rhetorical question serves to affirm the worth and value of human beings in God's eyes. The Greek word for "valuable" (διαφέρω) implies a greater worth or importance. In the biblical context, humans are made in the image of God (Genesis 1:27), which inherently gives them greater value than other creatures. This phrase is meant to inspire confidence and trust in God's provision, reminding believers of their unique place in creation and the special care God has for them. Historically, this reflects the Judeo-Christian belief in the sanctity and dignity of human life.

Who of you
This phrase directly addresses the audience, inviting personal reflection. In the context of Jesus' Sermon on the Mount, He speaks to a diverse group, including His disciples and the broader crowd. The Greek word "tis" (τίς) is used here, which is an interrogative pronoun meaning "who" or "which one." It emphasizes individual responsibility and introspection, urging each listener to consider their own life and actions.

by worrying
The Greek word for "worrying" is "merimnaō" (μεριμνάω), which means to be anxious or to care for. This term conveys a sense of being pulled in different directions, a mental state of distraction and unease. In the historical context, Jesus addresses a common human condition—anxiety about daily needs and future uncertainties. The conservative Christian perspective sees this as a call to trust in God's providence rather than being consumed by worldly concerns.

can add
The verb "add" comes from the Greek "prostithēmi" (προστίθημι), meaning to put to or to increase. This word suggests an attempt to enhance or extend something by one's own effort. Theologically, it underscores the futility of human efforts to control life’s outcomes, contrasting human limitations with divine sovereignty.

a single hour
The phrase "single hour" is translated from the Greek "hēlikia" (ἡλικία), which can mean age, stature, or time span. In this context, it refers to the duration of life. The conservative interpretation often sees this as a reminder of the brevity and fragility of human life, encouraging believers to focus on eternal values rather than temporal concerns.

to his life
The Greek word "zōē" (ζωή) is used here, which means life. It encompasses both physical existence and the quality of life. In the biblical context, life is a gift from God, and its length and quality are ultimately in His hands. This phrase challenges believers to trust in God's plan and timing, rather than attempting to extend life through anxious striving.

And why do you worry about clothes?
The phrase begins with a rhetorical question that challenges the reader to reflect on their priorities. The Greek word for "worry" is "merimnaō," which implies being anxious or overly concerned. In the historical context of Jesus' time, clothing was a significant concern due to its cost and the labor involved in making garments. This question invites believers to trust in God's provision rather than being consumed by material concerns. It echoes the broader biblical theme of reliance on God, as seen in passages like Philippians 4:6, which advises believers to be anxious for nothing.

Consider how the lilies of the field grow
The word "consider" is translated from the Greek "katamanthano," meaning to learn thoroughly or examine closely. Jesus uses the lilies as a metaphor for divine provision and beauty. Lilies, likely referring to wildflowers common in the region, grow effortlessly, without human intervention. This imagery would resonate with Jesus' audience, who were familiar with the natural beauty of the Galilean fields. The lilies symbolize God's creative power and care, reminding believers that if God so beautifully adorns the flowers, He will surely care for His people.

They do not labor or spin
The terms "labor" and "spin" refer to the processes of working and making clothes, respectively. In Greek, "kopiao" (labor) and "netho" (spin) highlight the human effort involved in producing garments. By stating that the lilies do neither, Jesus emphasizes the contrast between human striving and divine provision. This serves as a call to faith, encouraging believers to trust in God's ability to meet their needs without the anxiety of self-reliance. The imagery of lilies not laboring or spinning underscores the futility of worry and the sufficiency of God's care, aligning with the broader biblical narrative of God's faithfulness, as seen in passages like Psalm 23:1, "The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want."

Yet I tell you
This phrase emphasizes the authority of Jesus as He speaks. In the Greek, "λέγω ὑμῖν" (legō hymin) is a direct assertion, indicating that what follows is a truth of great importance. Jesus often uses this phrase to introduce teachings that challenge conventional wisdom, urging His listeners to pay close attention. It underscores His role as a divine teacher, whose words carry the weight of divine revelation.

not even Solomon
Solomon, the son of David, was renowned for his wisdom, wealth, and the splendor of his kingdom. In the historical context, Solomon's reign (circa 970-931 BC) was considered the golden age of Israel, marked by prosperity and grand architectural achievements, including the construction of the First Temple in Jerusalem. By referencing Solomon, Jesus draws on a well-known symbol of earthly magnificence and human achievement, setting the stage for a powerful contrast.

in all his glory
The term "glory" (Greek: δόξα, doxa) refers to the visible manifestation of splendor and majesty. Solomon's glory was evident in his opulent lifestyle, his vast wealth, and the grandeur of his court. This phrase evokes images of the highest human accomplishments and the pinnacle of worldly success. However, Jesus uses it to highlight the limitations of human glory when compared to divine creation.

was adorned
The Greek word "περιεβάλετο" (periebaleto) means to be clothed or arrayed. It suggests an external covering or decoration, emphasizing the effort and artifice involved in human attempts to achieve beauty and splendor. This word choice highlights the contrast between human adornment, which is often superficial and temporary, and the inherent beauty of God's creation, which is effortless and enduring.

like one of these
"These" refers to the lilies of the field, mentioned in the preceding verse. The lilies symbolize the natural beauty and provision found in God's creation. Unlike Solomon's glory, which required human effort and resources, the lilies are effortlessly beautiful, clothed by God Himself. This comparison serves as a reminder of God's providence and the surpassing beauty of His creation, which outshines even the greatest human achievements.

If that is how God clothes
The phrase emphasizes God's active role in creation and His providential care. The Greek word for "clothes" is "ἀμφιέννυμι" (amphiennymi), which means to clothe or dress. This imagery of God as a provider who adorns the earth with beauty reflects His attention to detail and His generous nature. It serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and His ability to meet the needs of His creation, reinforcing the idea that He is intimately involved in the world He has made.

the grass of the field
Grass, in biblical times, was a common and seemingly insignificant part of the landscape. The Greek word "χόρτος" (chortos) refers to grass or herbage. In the context of the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus uses grass as a metaphor for the transient and fleeting nature of earthly life. Despite its temporary existence, God still takes care to clothe it, illustrating His care for even the smallest parts of His creation.

which is here today and tomorrow is thrown into the furnace
This phrase highlights the ephemeral nature of grass, which can be lush and green one day and used as fuel the next. The "furnace" refers to the ovens of the time, which were often fueled by dried grass and other vegetation. This imagery underscores the temporary nature of material things and serves as a metaphor for the fleeting nature of human concerns. It reminds believers to focus on eternal values rather than temporary, worldly worries.

will He not much more clothe you
Here, Jesus makes a compelling argument from the lesser to the greater. If God takes care to clothe the grass, which is temporary, how much more will He care for His people, who are made in His image and have eternal significance? This rhetorical question is designed to reassure believers of God's provision and care, encouraging them to trust in His promises.

O you of little faith?
This phrase is a gentle rebuke from Jesus, highlighting the disciples' lack of trust in God's provision. The Greek term "ὀλιγόπιστος" (oligopistos) means "of little faith" or "lacking confidence." It serves as a call to deepen one's faith and reliance on God. In a conservative Christian perspective, this is a reminder to believers to cultivate a strong, unwavering faith in God's ability to provide for their needs, trusting in His goodness and faithfulness.

Therefore do not worry
The phrase "Therefore do not worry" serves as a direct command from Jesus, urging His followers to release their anxieties. The Greek word for "worry" is "merimnao," which implies being divided or distracted. In the context of the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus is addressing the human tendency to be consumed by earthly concerns. Historically, this reflects a time when daily survival was a genuine concern, yet Jesus calls His followers to trust in God's provision. This command is not merely a suggestion but a call to faith, emphasizing that worry is incompatible with a life of trust in God.

saying, ‘What shall we eat?’
The question "What shall we eat?" reflects a basic human need and concern. In the ancient world, food security was not guaranteed, and this question would resonate deeply with Jesus' audience. The Greek verb "phagometha" (shall we eat) is in the future tense, indicating a forward-looking anxiety about provision. Jesus is teaching that such concerns should not dominate the believer's mind, as God, who provides for the birds of the air, will surely provide for His children. This phrase encourages believers to focus on spiritual nourishment and trust in God's provision for physical needs.

or ‘What shall we drink?’
The concern "What shall we drink?" highlights another fundamental human need. In the arid climate of the Middle East, access to clean water was a significant concern. The Greek word "piomen" (shall we drink) again points to future worry. Jesus is reminding His followers that just as God provides rain for the earth, He will also provide for their needs. This phrase calls believers to remember the living water that Jesus offers, which quenches spiritual thirst and assures them of God's care for their physical well-being.

or ‘What shall we wear?’
The question "What shall we wear?" addresses the need for clothing, a basic necessity for protection and dignity. In the historical context, clothing was a valuable commodity, often representing one's social status. The Greek word "peribalometha" (shall we wear) suggests a concern for appearance and provision. Jesus uses this phrase to teach that God, who clothes the lilies of the field in splendor, will also clothe His people. This assurance invites believers to prioritize their spiritual attire, the righteousness of Christ, over material concerns.

For the Gentiles strive after all these things
For the Gentiles
In the context of Matthew 6:32, "Gentiles" refers to those who are not part of the Jewish faith, often seen as pagans or those outside the covenant community of Israel. The Greek word used here is "ἔθνη" (ethnē), which can mean nations or peoples. Historically, Gentiles were viewed as those who did not know the one true God and were often associated with idolatry and secular concerns. In this passage, Jesus is drawing a contrast between the behavior of those who do not know God and those who do. The implication is that followers of Christ should not emulate the anxiety-driven pursuits of the Gentiles, who lack the assurance of God's provision.

strive after
The phrase "strive after" is translated from the Greek word "ἐπιζητοῦσιν" (epizētousin), which means to seek or to desire earnestly. This word conveys a sense of intense pursuit or preoccupation. In the historical context, this striving reflects a life consumed by the pursuit of material needs and desires, often at the expense of spiritual well-being. Jesus is teaching that such striving is characteristic of those who do not trust in God's provision. For believers, the call is to prioritize the kingdom of God and His righteousness, trusting that their needs will be met by their Heavenly Father.

all these things
"All these things" refers to the material necessities of life, such as food, drink, and clothing, which Jesus mentions earlier in the chapter. The Greek phrase "πάντα ταῦτα" (panta tauta) encompasses the basic needs that people often worry about. In the broader scriptural context, Jesus is emphasizing that while these needs are legitimate, they should not dominate the thoughts and concerns of His followers. Instead, believers are encouraged to trust in God's provision, as He is aware of their needs and is faithful to provide for them.

and your Heavenly Father knows that you need them
and your Heavenly Father
The term "Heavenly Father" is a profound expression of the intimate relationship between God and His children. The Greek word "Πατήρ" (Patēr) signifies a paternal figure who is caring, loving, and protective. In the Jewish tradition, God as Father was a revolutionary concept, emphasizing a personal and relational deity rather than a distant or impersonal force. This phrase reassures believers of God's attentive care and His deep concern for their well-being.

knows
The word "knows" is translated from the Greek "οἶδεν" (oiden), which implies a complete and perfect knowledge. This knowledge is not just intellectual but also relational and experiential. It suggests that God is fully aware of the needs of His people, even before they ask. This assurance of God's omniscience is meant to alleviate anxiety and encourage trust in His provision.

that you need them
The phrase "that you need them" underscores the legitimacy of human needs. The Greek word "χρείαν" (chreian) indicates necessity or requirement. Jesus acknowledges that these material needs are real and important, but He also reminds His followers that their Heavenly Father is fully aware of these needs. This assurance is meant to shift the focus from anxious striving to confident trust in God's provision, encouraging believers to seek first His kingdom and righteousness.

But seek first
The phrase "But seek first" emphasizes the priority and intentionality required in the life of a believer. The Greek word for "seek" is "ζητέω" (zēteō), which implies a continuous, active pursuit. This is not a passive or occasional action but a deliberate and ongoing effort. In the historical context of Jesus' time, seeking was often associated with a diligent search, akin to a merchant seeking fine pearls (Matthew 13:45-46). The word "first" underscores the importance of placing this pursuit above all other concerns and desires, aligning with the biblical principle of prioritizing God above worldly matters.

His kingdom
"His kingdom" refers to the reign and rule of God, both in the present spiritual sense and the future physical manifestation. The Greek word "βασιλεία" (basileia) denotes a realm or dominion. In the context of Jesus' teachings, the kingdom of God is not just a future hope but a present reality that believers are called to live in and expand. Historically, the Jewish audience would have understood the kingdom as a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, where God's sovereign rule would be established on earth. This kingdom is characterized by righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit (Romans 14:17).

and His righteousness
The phrase "and His righteousness" calls believers to align their lives with God's standards and character. The Greek word "δικαιοσύνη" (dikaiosynē) means justice or righteousness, reflecting God's nature and His expectations for His people. In the scriptural context, righteousness is not merely about legalistic adherence to laws but about a transformative relationship with God that results in ethical living. Historically, righteousness was a central theme in Jewish thought, often associated with covenant faithfulness and moral integrity. Jesus redefines righteousness as surpassing that of the Pharisees, focusing on the heart's intentions rather than mere external compliance (Matthew 5:20).

and all these things
"And all these things" refers to the material needs and concerns of life, such as food, drink, and clothing, mentioned earlier in Matthew 6:25-32. The phrase assures believers that when they prioritize God's kingdom and righteousness, their earthly needs will be met. This reflects a trust in God's providence and care, echoing the teachings of the Old Testament where God provided for His people in the wilderness (Deuteronomy 8:3-4). The historical context of Jesus' audience, who lived in an agrarian society with daily uncertainties, would have found great comfort in this promise of divine provision.

will be added unto you
The promise "will be added unto you" conveys God's faithfulness in providing for those who seek Him. The Greek word "προστεθήσεται" (prostethēsetai) implies an addition or increase, suggesting that God not only meets needs but does so abundantly. This assurance is rooted in the character of God as a loving Father who knows what His children need (Matthew 6:32). In the broader biblical narrative, this reflects the principle that God rewards those who earnestly seek Him (Hebrews 11:6). Historically, this promise would have resonated with early Christians who often faced persecution and scarcity, encouraging them to trust in God's provision despite their circumstances.

Therefore
This word connects the verse to the preceding teachings of Jesus, particularly about trusting God for provision and not being anxious about material needs. The Greek word "οὖν" (oun) is often used to draw a conclusion from previous statements. Here, it serves as a reminder that the teachings on God's providence and the futility of worry are foundational to understanding this verse.

do not worry
The Greek word used here is "μεριμνάω" (merimnao), which means to be anxious or overly concerned. In the historical context, Jesus addresses a common human tendency to be preoccupied with future uncertainties. This command is not a suggestion but an imperative, urging believers to trust in God's sovereignty and care.

about tomorrow
"Αὔριον" (aurion) refers to the future, a time that is uncertain and beyond our control. In the cultural context of Jesus' audience, daily life was fraught with uncertainties, from political instability to economic challenges. Jesus emphasizes that focusing on the present is more beneficial than being consumed by what is yet to come.

for tomorrow will worry about itself
This phrase personifies tomorrow, suggesting that the future has its own set of concerns that will be addressed in due time. The idea is that each day is self-contained with its own challenges, and worrying about the future is both unnecessary and unproductive. This reflects a deep trust in God's provision and timing.

Today has enough trouble of its own
The Greek word for "trouble" is "κακία" (kakia), which can mean evil, trouble, or hardship. Jesus acknowledges the reality of daily challenges, affirming that each day comes with its own set of difficulties. This statement encourages believers to focus on the present, relying on God's grace and strength to navigate the challenges of each day.