Leviticus 25:47

If a foreigner residing among you prospers, but your countryman dwelling near him becomes destitute and sells himself to the foreigner or to a member of his clan,

Study Bible

If a foreigner or temporary resident among you
The Hebrew term for "foreigner" is "ger," which refers to a non-Israelite living among the Israelites. This highlights the inclusivity of the Mosaic Law, acknowledging the presence of non-Israelites within the community. The "temporary resident" or "sojourner" is someone who resides temporarily, emphasizing the transient nature of life and the need for compassion and justice towards all, regardless of their status. Historically, this reflects the diverse social fabric of ancient Israel, where foreigners could integrate into society, yet were still distinct from the covenant community.

becomes rich
The Hebrew word for "rich" is "ashar," indicating an increase in wealth or possessions. This phrase suggests a reversal of fortunes, where a non-Israelite prospers in the land of Israel. It serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty over wealth and the unpredictable nature of economic status. Theologically, it underscores the biblical principle that wealth is not inherently evil but must be stewarded responsibly, with an awareness of God's ultimate provision.

and your brother dwelling near him becomes poor
The term "brother" here refers to a fellow Israelite, emphasizing the familial bond and covenantal relationship among the people of God. The Hebrew word for "poor" is "mukh," which conveys a sense of being impoverished or weakened. This juxtaposition of wealth and poverty within close proximity serves as a poignant reminder of the social and economic disparities that can exist even within a covenant community. It calls for empathy and action to support those in need, reflecting God's heart for justice and mercy.

and sells himself to the foreigner
The act of selling oneself into servitude was a common practice in the ancient Near East as a means of survival during economic hardship. This phrase highlights the desperation and vulnerability of the impoverished Israelite. Theologically, it points to the need for redemption and deliverance, themes central to the biblical narrative. It also foreshadows the ultimate redemption found in Christ, who frees humanity from spiritual bondage.

or to a member of the foreigner’s clan
The mention of the "foreigner’s clan" indicates the extended family or household of the non-Israelite. This phrase underscores the interconnectedness of social and familial structures in ancient times. It also serves as a reminder of the potential for cultural and religious influence from outside the covenant community. Theologically, it calls for discernment and faithfulness to God's commands while living in a diverse and pluralistic society.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Foreigner or Temporary Resident
This refers to non-Israelites living among the Israelites. In the Hebrew text, the word used is "ger," which means a sojourner or a resident alien.

2. Brother
This term refers to a fellow Israelite, emphasizing the familial and covenantal relationship among the people of Israel.

3. Prospering Foreigner
The foreigner who gains wealth while living among the Israelites, highlighting the economic dynamics within the community.

4. Poor Israelite
An Israelite who has fallen into poverty and is forced to sell himself into servitude to survive.

5. Selling into Servitude
This event describes the economic desperation that leads an Israelite to become a servant to a foreigner, which is a significant social and religious concern in the context of Israelite law.

Teaching Points

Economic Justice and Compassion
The passage highlights the importance of economic justice and the need for compassion towards those who fall into poverty. It challenges believers to consider how they can support those in financial distress within their communities.

The Role of Community
The text underscores the role of the community in caring for its members, especially those who are vulnerable. Believers are encouraged to foster a supportive and inclusive community that reflects God's love and justice.

Spiritual Freedom and Redemption
While the passage deals with physical servitude, it points to the broader biblical theme of spiritual freedom and redemption. Believers are reminded of their spiritual liberation through Christ and are called to live in a way that reflects this freedom.

Cultural Sensitivity and Inclusion
The presence of foreigners in the Israelite community invites reflection on cultural sensitivity and inclusion. Christians are encouraged to embrace diversity and extend hospitality to all, recognizing the image of God in every person.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of servitude in Leviticus 25:47 relate to the broader biblical theme of freedom and redemption?

2. In what ways can we, as a church community, support those who are economically disadvantaged, reflecting the principles found in this passage?

3. How does the inclusion of foreigners in the Israelite community challenge us to think about cultural diversity and inclusion in our own communities?

4. What are some practical steps we can take to ensure that our community reflects the biblical values of justice and compassion?

5. How can the teachings in Leviticus 25:47 inspire us to live out our spiritual freedom in Christ in our daily lives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 21:2-6
Discusses the laws regarding Hebrew servants, providing context for servitude and the rights of servants within Israel.

Deuteronomy 15:12-15
Offers additional laws on the release of Hebrew servants, emphasizing the importance of freedom and restoration.

Galatians 3:28
Highlights the spiritual equality of all believers, transcending ethnic and social boundaries, which can be contrasted with the social dynamics in Leviticus.