Job
The central figure of this book, Job is introduced as a man of great faith and integrity. His name, "אִיּוֹב" (Iyyov), is thought to mean "persecuted" or "hated," which is fitting given the trials he endures. Job's character is a focal point for discussions on the nature of suffering and righteousness. His account is set in the land of Uz, a location that remains somewhat ambiguous but is often associated with regions east of Israel, emphasizing his status as a non-Israelite who nonetheless exemplifies faithfulness to God.

opened his mouth
This phrase, "וַיִּפְתַּח אִיּוֹב אֶת־פִּיו" (vayiftach Iyov et-piv), is a common Hebrew idiom indicating the beginning of a speech or declaration. In the context of ancient Near Eastern literature, opening one's mouth often precedes a significant pronouncement. Here, it underscores the gravity of what Job is about to express, as he breaks his silence to articulate his deep distress.

and cursed
The Hebrew word "וַיְקַלֵּל" (vayqallel) is used here, meaning to curse or to express a wish for misfortune. This is a dramatic moment, as Job, a man known for his piety, now voices a curse. It is important to note that Job does not curse God, but rather the day of his birth, reflecting his inner turmoil and the intensity of his suffering. This distinction is crucial in understanding Job's character and the limits of his despair.

the day of his birth
Job's lament focuses on the day of his birth, "יוֹם הִוָּלֵד" (yom hivaled), which he wishes had never occurred. This expression of regret highlights the depth of his anguish, as he questions the very beginning of his existence. In the ancient world, birth was typically a time of joy and celebration, making Job's curse all the more poignant. This sets the stage for the subsequent chapters, where Job explores themes of life, suffering, and divine justice.

(1) After this opened Job his mouth.--There is a striking similarity between this chapter and Jeremiah 20:14-18, so much so that one must be borrowed from the other; the question is, which is the original? Is Jeremiah the germ of this? or is this the tree from which a branch has been hewn by Jeremiah? Our own conviction is that Job is the original, inasmuch as this chapter is indispensable to the development of the poem; but in Jeremiah the passage occurs casually as the record of a passing mood of despair. It is, moreover, apparently clear that Jeremiah is quoting Job as he might quote one of the Psalms or any other writing with which he was familiar. He was applying to daily life the well-known expression of a patriarchal experience, whereas in the other case the words of Job would be the ideal magnifying of a commonplace and realistic experience.