In the Bible, colors and materials often carry deep symbolic meanings, reflecting spiritual truths and divine principles. These symbols are woven throughout Scripture, providing insight into God's character, human nature, and the unfolding of His redemptive plan.

Colors

1. White: White is frequently associated with purity, holiness, and righteousness. In Revelation 7:14, the saints are described as having "washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb," symbolizing their purification through Christ's sacrifice. White garments are also worn by angels and the glorified Christ, emphasizing their divine purity and glory.

2. Red: Red often symbolizes blood, sacrifice, and atonement. The scarlet thread in the account of Rahab (Joshua 2:18) and the red heifer in Numbers 19:2 are both indicative of sacrificial elements pointing to Christ's atoning work. Red can also represent sin, as in Isaiah 1:18, where God promises, "Though your sins are like scarlet, they shall be as white as snow."

3. Blue: Blue is associated with the heavens and divine revelation. The Israelites were instructed to include a blue cord in the tassels of their garments (Numbers 15:38-39) to remind them of God's commandments. The color blue in the tabernacle and temple furnishings signifies the heavenly origin of God's law and His covenant with His people.

4. Purple: Purple is a color of royalty and wealth, often used to denote kingship and authority. In Judges 8:26, the Midianite kings wore purple garments, and in the New Testament, Jesus is mockingly dressed in a purple robe (Mark 15:17) to signify His claim to kingship. The use of purple in the tabernacle and temple also reflects God's sovereign rule.

5. Gold: Gold represents divinity, glory, and incorruptibility. The Ark of the Covenant and many temple articles were overlaid with gold, symbolizing God's divine presence and majesty (Exodus 25:11). Gold's enduring nature also points to the eternal and unchanging nature of God.

6. Green: Green is symbolic of life, growth, and renewal. Psalm 23:2 speaks of God leading His people to "green pastures," indicating provision and spiritual nourishment. Green can also represent flourishing and prosperity in the context of God's blessing.

Materials

1. Wood: Wood is often used in the construction of sacred objects, such as the Ark of the Covenant and the tabernacle. Acacia wood, in particular, is noted for its durability and resistance to decay, symbolizing the enduring nature of God's covenant and His faithfulness.

2. Stone: Stone signifies strength, permanence, and stability. In the Old Testament, altars and memorials were often made of stone to commemorate significant events (Joshua 4:20-24). Jesus is referred to as the "cornerstone" (Ephesians 2:20), emphasizing His foundational role in the Church.

3. Silver: Silver is associated with redemption and purification. In the tabernacle, silver was used for the bases of the sanctuary's pillars (Exodus 26:19), symbolizing the foundation of redemption. Silver coins were also used in the redemption of the firstborn (Numbers 18:16).

4. Bronze: Bronze represents judgment and strength. The bronze altar in the tabernacle (Exodus 27:1-2) was the place where sacrifices were made, symbolizing the judgment of sin. The bronze serpent in Numbers 21:9, lifted up for the healing of the Israelites, prefigures Christ's crucifixion and the judgment He bore on behalf of humanity.

5. Linen: Linen is a symbol of purity and righteousness. The priests' garments were made of fine linen (Exodus 28:39), reflecting their consecration to God. In Revelation 19:8, the bride of Christ is clothed in "fine linen, bright and pure," representing the righteous acts of the saints.

These colors and materials, rich in symbolism, serve as visual reminders of spiritual truths and divine realities, enhancing the narrative of Scripture and deepening the understanding of God's interaction with His creation.