Achish is a Philistine king mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically in the books of 1 Samuel and 1 Kings. He is most notably recognized as the king of Gath, one of the five principal cities of the Philistines. Achish plays a significant role in the narrative of David's life, particularly during the period when David was fleeing from King Saul.

Achish and David

David first encounters Achish when he seeks refuge in Gath to escape Saul's pursuit. In 1 Samuel 21:10-15, David arrives in Gath, but the servants of Achish recognize him as the one celebrated in Israelite songs for his military victories. Fearing for his life, David pretends to be insane, which leads Achish to dismiss him as harmless: "Look, you can see the man is insane! Why have you brought him to me?" (1 Samuel 21:14).

Later, David returns to Achish under different circumstances. In 1 Samuel 27, David, along with his men and their families, seeks asylum with Achish once more. This time, David gains the trust of Achish, who grants him the town of Ziklag as a place to settle. David remains in Philistine territory for a year and four months, during which he conducts raids against various groups but deceives Achish about his true targets, leading Achish to believe that David has become a loyal servant: "Achish trusted David, thinking, 'He has made himself an utter stench to his people Israel; therefore he will be my servant forever'" (1 Samuel 27:12).

Achish and the Philistine Campaign

Achish's trust in David is further demonstrated when the Philistines prepare to go to war against Israel. In 1 Samuel 28, Achish intends to have David and his men join the Philistine forces. Achish expresses his confidence in David, saying, "I know that you are as pleasing in my sight as an angel of God" (1 Samuel 29:9). However, the other Philistine commanders distrust David and insist that he not accompany them into battle, fearing he might turn against them.

Achish in the Context of Philistine Leadership

Achish's interactions with David highlight the complex relationships between the Israelites and the Philistines during this period. As a Philistine king, Achish's decisions reflect both political acumen and a degree of naivety, as he is repeatedly deceived by David. His willingness to harbor David, a fugitive from Saul, indicates the ongoing tensions and shifting alliances between the two nations.

Achish in 1 Kings

Achish is also mentioned in 1 Kings 2:39-40, where he is referred to as the king of Gath during the reign of Solomon. This reference occurs in the context of Shimei, a member of Saul's family, who leaves Jerusalem to retrieve his runaway servants from Gath, indicating that Achish's rule extended into the early monarchy of Israel.

Conclusion

Achish's interactions with David provide insight into the political dynamics of the time and the precarious nature of leadership and loyalty. His portrayal in the biblical narrative underscores the theme of divine providence and protection over David, even in foreign lands.